2019版英语高三一轮复习系列人教学案导学版文档：第二部分基础保分篇第三讲

第三讲　冠　词第一课时　知识过关课读语篇，悟语法。反复朗读下列短文，领悟画线黑体部分的冠词用法。Tom，a[1] classmate of mine, is a[2] Lei Feng in our class, who is always ready to help others. Henry, whose father is a[3] teacher, is considered to be the[4] most diligent student in our class, who is the first one to get to school and the[5] last one to leave every day.He believes the harder you study the[6] more knowledge you’ll get. Tom likes watching TV while Henry enjoys listening to the[7] radio. Both of them are working for the[8] Students’ Union. They are of an[9] age and I am a[10] year older than they are.We are good friends because we have a[11] lot in common. First of all, the three of us were born in the[12] 1990s. Secondly, we all like playing the[13] violin and love sports. We play football twice a[14] week even if we are now in Senior Grade Three.Thirdly, we not only respect teachers and the elderly but also care for the[15] disabled. For example, we often go to a village near our school to look after the[16] Browns, both of whom were lamed in an accident. I remember that on a[17] Saturday afternoon we chatted with the Browns so happily that we didn’t go back home until the[18]__sun set.1.泛指的一个，用不定冠词。2.表示“像……一样的人”，用不定冠词。3.职业身份前，表示类别，用不定冠词。4.形容词最高级前用定冠词。5.序数词前用定冠词。6.构成句式：the more...the more...(越……就越……)。7.表类属。8.普通名词构成的专有名词前用定冠词。9.表示“同一”，用不定冠词。10.表示数量“一”，用不定冠词。11.构成短语a lot。12.在逢整数的基数词前表示年代，用定冠词。13.在表示演奏play后，西洋乐器名词前，用定冠词。14.表示“每一”，用不定冠词。15.用在形容词或分词前表示一类人，用定冠词。16.用在姓氏复数前表示某夫妇或一家人，用定冠词。17.表示“某一”，用不定冠词。18.在独一无二的事物前，用定冠词。Ⅰ.单句填空(用a，an或the填空)1.I sat next to the man and introduced myself.We had an amazing conversation.2.A young man, while traveling through a desert, came across a spring of clear water.The water was sweet.3.Besides, shopping at this time of the year was not a pleasant experience: people stepped on your feet...4....the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to a small town some 20 kilometres away where there was a garage.5.—It’s said that John will be in a job paying over $60, 000 a year.—Right, he will also get paid by the week.6.Take your time—it’s just a short distance from here to the restaurant.7.First impressions are the most lasting. After all, you never get a second chance to make a first impression.8.We can never expect a bluer sky unless we create a less polluted world.9.This area experienced the heaviest rainfall in the month of May.10.It took us quite a long time to get to the amusement park.It was a three－hour journey.Ⅱ.单句改错(下列每句中有一处错误，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改，请指出并改正。)1.In China, more and more children are learning to play piano nowadays.在play后加the2.There is no doubt that little Tom is a honest boy.a→an3.Out of the curiosity, he opened the novel.去掉Out__of后的the4.I didn’t have own room till my sister left for college.在own前加my5.The moment he saw her, he opened arms and hugged her.在arms前加his6.A selfie(自拍照)is a type of self－portrait photograph, typically taken with hand－held digital camera or camera phone.在with后加a7.The new boy looked at the teacher for a few seconds and all the other students wondered what a boy would do.第二个boy前的a→the8.70% of students surveyed hold the view that rules can help the public make the right choices, and remain safe.在students前加the9.Can dogs and cats live in perfect harmony in same home？在same前加the10.Karl Marx began to learn English in the fifties.the→hisⅢ.语篇填空(在空格处填入1个适当的冠词，使文章结构完整，语意通顺。)Today our school organized all the students to take part in 1.________ report at the meeting room in our school.Albert，2.________ ordinary man, delivered a speech on how to learn English. Albert，3.________ professor in Beijing University, graduated from 4.________ English Department of Oxford University in 1985. He said we should form 5.________ habit of previewing English, and this would help us to perform well in class. When we study English in class, we must be earnest and active. If so，we can absorb 6.________ large amount of knowledge. After class, we should read more English passages, which is important for the English learners. By doing this, we are not only informed what happens in 7.________ world，but we can also review 8.________ large number of former words. After 9.________ period of time, we should also sort out our notes and go over what we have learned. In 10.________ word, English isn’t difficult to learn, as long as we do what he told us.【语篇导读】 主要是讲同学们通过听Albert教授的讲座，学到了一些学习英语的方法。1.a　[泛指，是指一个报告。]2.an　[ordinary是由元音音标开头，故用an。an ordinary man“一位普通人”。]3.a　[泛指，这里指Albert是北京大学的“一名”教授。]4.the　[由普通名词构成的专有名词前用定冠词。]5.the　[受表示特指的of短语修饰，form the habit of意为“养成……的习惯”。]6.a　[固定搭配a large amount of意为“许多”，与不可数名词连用。]7.the　[世界上独一无二的事物要用定冠词。]8.a　[固定搭配a large number of意为“许多”，与可数名词复数连用。]9.a　[a period of意为“一段时间”。]10.a　[固定搭配in a word意为“总之”。]第二课时　高考研究课冠词在语法填空中的考查点规律方法 1. 位置因素：名词前，有时在形容词前(表示一类人)。2．设题特点：该考查点常常以自由填空的形式出现。3．语境信息：在确定应该填冠词的前提下，根据语境分析所填冠词的类型。4．牢记固定搭配中的冠词。真题验证11．This included digging up the road, laying the track and then building a strong roof over ________ top.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)答案　the　[top是名词，前面要用冠词，此处特指在挖的路的上面，所以用定冠词the。]2．As ________ result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)答案　a　[as a result因此，为固定搭配。]3．But unlike her school friends，16－year－old Sarah is not spending half－term resting. Instead，she is earning ￡6，500 a day as ________ model in New York.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)答案　a　[此处句意为“作为纽约的一名模特”，在单数可数名词model前应该使用不定冠词a，表示“一，一名”。]4．For Pahlsson, its return was ________ wonder.(2017·浙江卷)答案　a　[此处wonder为可数名词，表示“奇迹，奇事”，此处为泛指，故要用不定冠词a。]5．Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for ________ while, exercising, or doing something you enjoy.(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)答案　a　[短语搭配for a while意为：一会儿。]6．The nursery team switches him every few days with his sister so that while one is being bottle－fed，________ other is with mum—she never suspects. (2016·全国卷Ⅰ)答案　the　[one...the other...意为：一个……；另外一个……。]7. ________ prize for the winner of the competition is a two－week holiday in Paris.(2016·浙江卷改编)答案　The　[名词prize后有限制性定语，故应使用the表示特指。]8. Mr. Johnson lived in the woods with his wife and children. He owned ________ farm, which looked almost abandoned.(2015·广东卷)答案　a　[由语境可知此处表示泛指 “一座农场”。]9．Brian is gifted in writing music; he is very likely to be ________ Beethoven. (2015·四川卷改编)答案　a　[由语境可知此处表示泛指，a Beethoven 意为“一个和贝多芬才华相当的人”。]10. The adobe dwellings (土坯房) built by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even ________ most modern of architects and engineers.(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)答案　the　[由most可知此处应该填the，表示最高级。]冠词在短文改错中的考查点规律方法 1．定位分析：名词前是否应该有冠词——①填上必要冠词；②删掉多余冠词。2．语境分析：名词前冠词是否正确——误用冠词改正。真题验证21．They live far from the school, and it takes them about a hour and a half to go to work every day.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)________答案　第二句about后的a→an/one　[hour以元音音素开头，且是可数名词，所以表示一个小时用an/one hour。]2．I still remember how hard first day was.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)________答案　hard后面加the/my　[此处特指我学习开车的第一天，所以在first day前面加the/my。]3．Around me in picture are the things which were very important in my life at that time: car magazines and musical instruments.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)________答案　在picture之前加the或this　[此处特指作者提到的这张照片，故在名词前加定冠词the或指示代词this。]4. My uncle says that he never dreams of becoming rich in the short period of time.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)________ 答案　the→a　[a short period of time意为：一段短暂的时间；此处使用不定冠词表示泛指。]5．But in that case, we will learn little about world.(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)________答案　world前加the　[world前面常常加定冠词表示“全世界”。]6. At the first, I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by myself.(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)________答案　去掉the　[短语搭配at first意为：最初。]7．One day, little Tony went to a shopping center with his parents... A woman saw him crying and told him to wait outside a shop. (2015·全国卷Ⅱ)________答案　outside后的a→the　[此处shop为第二次出现，故使用定冠词表示特指。]8. I was always interested to see the drivers in hurry in the morning.(2015·浙江卷)________答案　hurry前加a　[短语in a hurry意为：急忙；匆忙。]9．As result, the plants are growing everywhere.(全国卷Ⅰ)________答案　As后加a　[短语搭配as a result意为：结果。]10．That day I didn’t learn much about animals, insects or trees, but I learnt a impressive lesson about gravity！(陕西卷)________答案　a→an　[impressive lesson为元音音素开头，故使用an。]第三课时　写作增分课冠词在写作中的增分点一、遇到名词要考虑前面冠词是特指还是类指1．水对于我们生活很重要，因此我们要尽我们最大的努力来阻止它被污染。(be important to, do our best, prevent... from, pollute)Water__is__important__to__our__life,__so__we__must__do__our__best__to__prevent__it__from__being__polluted.2．我的家乡附近那条河里的水已经被严重污染。我们要求政府尽早采取适当的措施来保护它。(be polluted seriously, demand, the government, take appropriate measures, as soon as)The__water__in__the__river__near__my__hometown__has__been__polluted__seriously.We__demand__the__government__take__appropriate__measures__to__protect__it__as__soon__as__possible.3．都说老师们过着简朴的生活，但我认为当老师很有意义。(be said to, live a simple life, be a teacher, meaningful)Teachers__are__said__to__live__a__simple__life,__but__I__think__being__a__teacher__is__meaningful.4．计算机在我们生活中扮演着越来越重要的角色。(computer, play a part/role in)The__computer__plays__a__more__and__more__important__part/role__in__our__life或Computers play__a__more__and__more__important__part/role__in__our__life.5．中午的时候在没有任何保护措施的情况下直视太阳对我们的眼睛有害。(be harmful to, look straight at, without any protection)It__is__harmful__to__our__eyes__to__look__straight__at__the__sun__without__any__protection__at__noon.二、活用不定冠词a，an1．就在那时，有一个七岁的小女孩正步行穿越马路。(there be, walk across)Just__then,__there__was__a__seven－year－old__girl__walking across the street.2．要学好英语，一本好的词典是必需的。(dictionary, a must)To__learn__English__well,__a__good__dictionary__is__a__must.三、掌握好名词前用the的各种情况1．会议将于周四下午三点到四点在位于3号楼四楼的402房间举行。(be held)The__meeting__will__be__held__in__Room__402__on__the__fourth__floor__of__Building__3__from__3__pm__to__4__pm__on__Thursday__afternoon.2．她的歌曲在年轻人和老年人中都很受欢迎。(be popular with, as well as)Her__songs__are__very__popular__with__the__young__as__well__as__the__old.3．那座庙建于清代，已经有七百多年的历史了。它在20世纪90年代由政府出资修缮过。(build, dynasty, the temple, a history of, restore, government, at one’s expense)Built__in__the__Qing__dynasty,__the__temple__has__a__history__of__700__years.__It__was__restored__at__the__government’s__expense__in__the__1990s.4．他拉住我的手说：“你帮助我，我真的很感激。”(take sb by, be grateful to sb for, help out)He__took__me__by__the__hand__and__said,__“I’m__really__grateful__to__you__for__helping__me__out.”