2019版英语高三一轮复习系列外研学案导学版文档：第二部分基础保分篇第七讲

第七讲　虚拟语气 第一课时　知识过关课[注意]　虚拟条件句与主句的谓语动词——与现在事实或将来可能的事实相反，从句用一般过去时(be用were)；与将来可能的事实相反时还可用were to/should＋动词原形，主句用would/should/could/might＋动词原形；与过去事实相反，从句用过去完成时，主句用would/should/could/might have＋过去分词。读语篇，悟语法。反复朗读下列短文，领悟画线及黑体部分。思考：什么情况下用虚拟语气；虽同是虚拟语气，但什么情况下用过去式表示，什么情况下用(should＋动词原形)表示。My deskmate, Mary, treats me as if she were[1] my sister.She is nice but fat.If she were not so fat，she would look[2] like a super model.Last year, a doctor advised that she (should) eat[3] more vegetables and fruits.He also made a suggestion that she (should) work out[4] regularly.Besides, he insisted that she (should) walk[5] to school.If she had followed the doctor’s advice, she would not be so fat now[6].In other words, if the doctor had persuaded her to do so, she would not have become[7] overweight.This morning, Mary’s mother bought her a new dress.It was really nice.But after she tried it on, she couldn’t help shouting, “If only I were[8] a little thinner! How I wish I hadn’t eaten[9] so much junk food before！” Were I Mary, I would make[10] a weight loss plan.If I became overweight in the future，I would do[11] sports every day.Now it is high time she changed[12] her lifestyle.Without a healthy lifestyle, she wouldn’t be[13] able to lose weight.I would rather she went[14] swimming with me, but she insists that water sports are[15] not suitable for her.So it is necessary that she (should) walk[16] to school.1.在as if/as though，even if/even though引导的状语从句或表语从句中，与现在事实相反时，从句的谓语动词用一般过去时；与过去事实相反时，从句的谓语动词用过去完成时。2.表示与现在事实相反的假设，if从句的谓语动词用一般过去时，(be一般用were)，主句的谓语用would/should/could/might＋动词原形。3～5.在insist，suggest，advise，order，command，propose，demand，require，request等后面的宾语从句的谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，其中的should可以省略。在suggestion，advice，order，command，demand，requirement，request等名词后面的表语从句或同位语从句中，谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，其中的should可以省略。6.错综条件句：有时if从句中的动作与主句动作发生的时间不一致，这时动词的形式应根据他们表示的时间加以调整。本句的虚拟条件句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。7.表示与过去事实相反的假设，if从句的谓语形式用过去完成时，即“had＋过去分词”，主句用“would/should/could/might＋have＋过去分词”。8～9.在表示愿望的动词wish后的宾语从句和If only(但愿)引出的句子中，需用虚拟语气。表示与现在事实相反，从句或if only后的句子的谓语动词用一般过去时；与过去事实相反，从句或if only后的句子的谓语动词用过去完成时。10.如果if从句中含有were，had或should，可将if省略，然后将were，had或should提前至主语前，即从句可用半倒装。11.表示与将来事实相反的假设，if从句的谓语形式用一般过去时，或用“were to/should＋动词原形”，主句用“would/should/could/might＋动词原形”。12.在It is (high) time that后的从句中，谓语动词用“should(不能省略)＋动词原形”或一般过去时都可以。13.含蓄条件从句：用连词otherwise，or，but或用介词but for，without等暗示前面的条件。与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时；与过去事实相反，谓语动词用过去完成时。其中介词but for，without表示的虚拟语气，可和if引导的假设条件状语从句替换。14.would (had) rather，would sooner用来表达主观愿望，它们之后的宾语从句中需用虚拟语气。谓语动词用一般过去时表示与现在或将来相反，用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反。15.动词insist表“坚持认为，坚持说，坚持某种说法”；suggest表“暗示，表明”时，后面从句不用虚拟语气。16.在it is necessary (important，natural，strange，surprising) that引导的主语从句中，主语从句中的谓语动词用“(should)＋动词原形”。Ⅰ.单句填空(用所给词的适当形式填空)1.If I were(be) you, I would do it in a different way.2.If you had followed my advice just now, you would be(be) fine now.3.He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he would have scored(score) a goal.4.If I had(have) a million dollars, I would first donate some of the money to poor children in remote mountainous areas.5.The doctor ordered that she (should) stay(stay) in bed for a few days.6.It is very important that you (should) master(master) the skills of computer.7.English teachers give advice that we (should) make(make) good use of every chance to speak English.8.It is high time that we took/should take(take) some measures to protect the wild animals.9.How I wish every family had(have) a large house with a beautiful garden!10.Jane’s pale face suggested that she was(be) ill, and her parents suggested that she (should) have(have) a medical examination.Ⅱ.单句改错(下列每句中有一处错误，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改，请指出并改正。)1.How I wish there are 28 hours a day so that I had more time for fun.are→were2.Had he worked hard years ago, he would become very rich.在become前加have3.If I were a boy again, I will remember that a good skater never tries to skate in two directions at once.will→would4.But the fact that China is also affected by the global economic crisis, we would have fewer workers now.在But后加for5.It might have been done better if you have been more careful.第二个have→had6.I actually believe that we would be in Xi’an now if you hadn’t caught drunk while driving last month.在caught前加been7.It is high time that we establish an honest and fair system of education.establish→established或在establish前加should8.Mr.Li, my English teacher, speaks English as if he is an Englishman.is→were9.Tibet is so mysteriously described by some people that I think if only I can go there.can→could10.I’d rather he goes to the theatre tomorrow.goes→wentⅢ.语篇填空(阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。)Tom and Peter are twins.They look as if they 1.     (be) the same person.Both the two boys are smart, but Tom is hard－working while Peter is lazy.Tom always wins the first place in the exams, which suggests that he 2.     ( be ) hard－working.Peter could do better，3.     he doesn’t want to work hard.People believe if Peter 4.     (work) as hard as Tom，he would do as well as his brother in his study.At home, their parents make a suggestion that they 5.     (do) the dishes in turn and insist that they 6.     (finish) their homework before playing computer games.But Peter insists that it 7.     (be) also OK to play games first as long as he can hand in his homework in time.Their mother gives in in the end.One day, when doing his homework, Tom found he made a serious mistake.So, he put the exercise－book aside and used another one.When Peter found the previous exercise－book, he struck out Tom’s name and signed his name on its cover happily, and handed it in as his own homework the next day.When the teacher told the truth to the twins’ mother, she kept silent first but her expression suggested that she 8.     ( be ) angry.Later, she shouted at Peter: “How I wish you 9.     (be) as diligent as your brother! Now it’s time that I 10.      (give) you a good lesson.And I insist that you 11.     (not play) any computer games for a whole month too.Remember to do as I ask you to，12.    ，you would be forbidden to touch the computer for a year！”“Oh, no! Mom.13.     computer for such a long time, I would die.I would rather you 14.     (ask) me to do the dishes for a month alone.”Peter was upset.“If you 15.     (finish) your homework on time yesterday, you wouldn’t be punished now.” said the mother.【语篇导读】　汤姆和彼特虽然长得很像且都很聪明，但学习上却一勤一懒，各不相同，甚至有一次彼特还因偷懒，投机取巧，闹出了笑话。1.were　[as if引导的表语从句是与现在事实相反的情况，从句谓语用一般过去时，be一般用were。]2.is　[suggests表示“表明，说明”，其后的宾语从句的谓语动词用陈述语气。]3.but　[“本来可以做得更好”与“不愿努力学”是转折关系，故用连词but。]4.worked　[if表示与现在事实相反的假设，从句谓语动词用一般过去时。]5.(should) do　[在表示“建议”的suggestion后的同位语从句中，谓语动词用(should) do。]6.(should) finish　[在insist表示“坚决要求”时，其后的宾语从句的谓语动词用“(should)＋动词原形”。]7.is　[该句的insists表示“坚持认为”，其宾语从句的谓语动词用陈述语气。]8.was　[suggested表示“表明，说明”，其宾语从句的谓语动词用陈述语气。]9.were　[在表示愿望的wish后的宾语从句，其宾语从句的谓语动词用一般过去式表示现在的愿望。]10.gave或should give　[在It’s time that句型的that从句中，谓语动词用一般过去时或“should＋动词原形”。]11.(should) not play　[句中insist表示“坚决要求”，其宾语从句的谓语用“(should)＋动词原形”。]12.or/otherwise　[由后面句中的谓语would be可知，前面用or或otherwise(否则)来表示虚拟条件。]13.Without　[由后面的would die可知，填without表示虚拟条件。]14.asked　[在would rather后的从句中，用一般过去时表示现在或将来。]15.had finished　[表示与过去事实相反的情况，虚拟条件句的谓语用过去完成时。]第二课时　写作增分课虚拟语气在写作中的增分点一、使用“虚拟语气”表达“愿望”1.我多么希望我能更聪明一些，精力更充沛一些。(how I wish, more intelligent, more energetic)How I wish I were more intelligent and more energetic.2.要是我上初中时没把时间浪费在看小说上该多好啊。(if only, waste time in doing, read novels, in junior high school)If only I hadn’t wasted the time in reading novels when I was in junior high school.3.是该你尽最大努力来赶上别人的时候了。(it’s high time that, catch up with others)It’s high time that you tried/should try your best to catch up with others.4.我想你明天还是不来的好。(I would rather)I would rather you didn’t come tomorrow.5.他在课堂上如此昏昏欲睡，好像他几天都没睡过觉一样。(sleepy, in class, as if)He was so sleepy in class as if he hadn’t slept a wink for several days.6.我感到如此恶心。我希望母亲没有逼我吃那么多。(sick, wish, force)I feel so sick.I wish Mum hadn’t forced me to eat so much.二、在写作中巧妙运用虚拟条件句1.如果我是你，我肯定会充分利用时间来提高成绩，为未来作好充分准备。(make good use of, improve my performance at school, prepare oneself for)If I were you, I would certainly make good use of the time to improve my performance at school and prepare myself well for the future.2.如果当时我身上钱足够的话，我就把那本书买下来了。(have enough money with me)If I had enough money with me at that time, I would have bought the book.3.如果明天下雨，会议将推迟到下星期举行。(put off, until next week；条件句用三种方法翻译)If it rained/should rain/were to rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off until next week.4.如果你过去学英语方法正确的话，你的英语现在就不会这么糟。(learn English in the right way, so bad)If you had learned English in the right way, it wouldn’t be so bad now./Had you learned English in the right way，it wouldn’t be so bad now.5.如果计划有变化，我会立即通知你。(should there be, change, the plan, inform, immediately)Should there be any change about the plan, I would inform you immediately.6.要是你再早一点儿来的话，你就不会受到惩罚了。(had you, punish)Had you come earlier, you wouldn’t have been punished./If you had come earlier，you wouldn’t have been punished.三、学会熟练使用含蓄条件句1.在竞赛中他本可以得金牌，但他却在比赛开始时就摔倒了。(win a gold medal, but, fall over)He could have won a gold medal, but he fell over immediately the race began.2.如果没有电，生活对于许多人来说将是痛苦的。(without, miserable)Without electricity, life would be miserable for many people.3.路上堵车了，要不然我早就到了。(be caught in, otherwise, be here earlier)I was caught in the traffic jam; otherwise I would have come here earlier.4.要不是你的帮助，我在作文竞赛中就得不了一等奖。(but for, the first prize, the English Writing Competition)But for your help, I wouldn’t have won the first prize in the English Writing Competition.四、用“(should＋)动词原形”来表达“想让某人做某事”1.他坚持说他从来没有见过那支钢笔，并坚持要她道歉。(insist, make an apology)He insisted that he had never seen the pen and insisted she make an apology.2.医生脸上吃惊的表情表明我母亲的病很严重，医生建议她马上动手术。(the surprised look, suggest, illness, serious, be operated on)The surprised look on the doctor’s face suggested that my mother’s illness was serious and he suggested she be operated on at once.3.要求每个学生在听报告时要记笔记。(request, take notes, while)It is requested that every student take notes while listening to the report.4.我们催促政府马上采取行动。(urge, the government, take measures)We urge that the government take measures at once.