2019年高考英语（人教版）一轮总复习教师用书：第一部分选修8Unit2 Cloning
展开Unit 2 Cloning (对应学生用书第201页)[单词 拼写应用]Ⅰ.考纲单词——会拼写、要识记1．undertake vt. 着手；从事；承担2．breakthrough n. 突破3．cast vt. 扔；投；掷4．obtain vt. 获得；赢得5．attain vt. 获得；到达(水平、年龄、状况等)6．forbid vt. 禁止；不准7．owe vt. 欠(账、钱、人情等)；归功于……8．bother vt. 打扰 vi. 操心 n. 烦扰9．regulation n. 规则；规章；法规10．strike vt.&vi. 打；撞击；罢工 n. 罢工11．vain adj. 虚荣的；自负的；徒劳的12．resist vt. 抵抗；对抗13．straightforward adj. 简单的；直接的；坦率的14．procedure n. 程序；步骤；手续15．altogether adv. 总共；完全地16．arbitrary adj. 任意的17．moral adj. 道德(上)的；伦理的18．constitution n. 宪法；章程19．compulsory adj. 必须做的；义务的；强迫的；强制的20．initial adj. 最初的；开始的21．drawback n. 缺点；不利条件22．adore vt. 崇拜；爱慕；喜爱Ⅱ.派生单词——能辨别1．differ vi.不同；相异→different adj.不同的→difference n．不同；差异2．exact adj.精确的；准确的→exactly adv.精确地；准确地3．commerce n．商业；贸易→commercial adj.商业的；贸易的4．correct vt.改正；纠正→correction n．改正；修正；纠正5．object vi.反对；不赞成→objection n．不赞成；反对；异议→objective adj.真实的；客观的；无偏见的6．accumulate vt.& vi.积累；聚积→accumulation n．积累；聚积7．retire vi.退休；离开→retired adj.退休的；离职的→retirement n．退休8．assume vt.假定；设想→assumption n．假定；设想9．decorate vt.装饰；布置→decoration n．装饰10．reason n．理由；原因→reasonable adj.合情理的；讲道理的；公道的→unreasonable adj.不合情理的Ⅲ.语境应用(用所给词的适当形式填空)1．We need to know the exact time the incident occurred.So you'd better describe the details exactly．(exact)2．The correct answers can be found at the bottom of Page 8.You should make some corrections according to them.(correct)3．Many local people objected to the building of the new airport.Their objection drew the attention of the government.(object)4．They decorated the room with beautiful Christmas decorations．(decorate)[拓展联想] “动词＋副词”构成的合成词①breakdown n．崩溃；故障 ④setup n．计划；组织②farewell n．告别 ⑤breakup n．分手；中断③feedback n．反馈accumulate相关动词小结①increase增长 ④shrink收缩；缩小②enlarge扩大；放大 ⑤reduce减少③expand扩大；膨胀[短语 多维应用]Ⅰ.短语回顾——会默写1．pay_off 得到好结果；取得成功；偿清2．cast_down 使失望；使沮丧3．object_to 反对4．in_favour_of 赞成；支持5．(be)bound_to(do)．.. 一定或注定(做)……6．strike...into_one's_heart 使……刻骨铭心7．from_time_to_time 不时；偶尔8．bring_back_to_life 使复生；使复活9．in_vain 白费力气； 枉费心机10．in_good/poor_condition 状况很好/坏；情况很好/坏Ⅱ.语境应用(选用上述短语的适当形式填空)1．Don't let yourself be cast_down by a small failure in the experiment, try again.2．In ancient times, people believed that they could be brought_back_to_life after death.3．The athlete's years of hard training paid_off when she finally won the Olympic gold medal.4．Mountain Tai struck its beauty into_her_heart and she decided to visit it again the next year.5．His parents tried to persuade him not to give up his wellpaid job，but their efforts were in_vain．[拓展联想]“in＋名词＋of”短语全接触①in search of 寻找②in view of 鉴于；由于③in memory of 为了纪念……④in honour of 为了纪念⑤in terms of 就……而言 [句式 结构仿写]教材原句——会背诵句式仿写——能应用1.that引导同位语从句The fact that she seemed to develop normally was very encouraging.1.The most important thing we learn at school is the_fact_that the most important things can't be learned at school.我们在学校学到的最重要的东西就是，最重要的东西不可能在学校学到。2.完全倒装Then came the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill.2.接着传来了屠呦呦，一位女科学家，获得诺贝尔奖的令人兴奋的消息。Then_came_the_exciting_news_that Tu Youyou，a woman scientist，won the Nobel Prize.3.The advantage is that...其优点是……The advantage is that if there is a new illness some of these animals may die，but others will survive and pass on the ability to resist that disease to the next generation.3.骑自行车上班的优势是我们可以过一种低碳生活。The_advantage_of_cycling_to_work_is_that we can live a lowcarbon life. (对应学生用书第202页)精讲5个考纲单词 differ vi.不同；相异[经典例句] The twin brothers are alike in appearance but differ greatly in character.这对孪生兄弟外貌很相像，但性格相差很大。(1)differ in 在……方面不同differ from 与……不同(2)difference n. 不同之处make a difference 起作用；有影响(3)different adj. 不同的be different from...in... 在……方面与……不同(4)differently adv. 不同地①Different people hold different attitudes towards cell phones.对于手机，不同的人有不同的观点。②As we have communication with foreigners，we should pay more attention to the differences(different) in our body language.当我们和外国人交流的时候，我们应该注意身势语的不同。③I believe if everyone makes a little effort，we can make_a_big_difference．我相信如果每个人都付出一点努力，我们能起重要的作用。 object vi.反对；不赞成 n．物体；目标[经典例句] A 14yearold boy wrote a post on the Internet to object that his Dad took away his lucky money.一个十四岁的男孩在网上发帖反对他父亲拿走了他的压岁钱。(1)object to (sb./sth.) 反对(某人/某事)object to doing sth. 反对做某事(2)objection n. 不赞成；反对；异议(3)objective adj. 真实的，客观的，无偏见的①However，others strongly object to owning private cars.然而，其他人强烈反对拥有私家车。②I have no objection (object) to the plan, so long as it would not cost too much.我不反对这个计划，只要不会花费太多钱。 链接写作就我个人而言，我反对停车收费。①As far as I'm concerned, I have_an_objection_to_charging_for_parking．(objection)②In my opinion，I_object_to_charging_for_parking．(object)③In my view, I_am_opposed_to_charging_for_parking．(oppose)④From my point of view，I'm_against_charging_for_parking．(against) forbid vt.禁止；不准[教材原句] Some began to reform their legal systems and forbade research into human cloning...有些政府开始改革他们的法律制度，禁止进行克隆人的研究……forbid sb.sth. 禁止某人某事forbid doing sth. 禁止做某事 禁止某人做某事①The regulations forbid smoking in the office.规定禁止在办公室里吸烟。②My father forbade_me_from_meeting/to_meet my friends online at the Internet cafe.我父亲禁止我去网吧见我的网友。 链接写作 【导学号：65670149】被禁止外出，我们必须无目的的待在家里。①(普通表达)We were_forbidden_to_go_out，so we had to stay at home aimlessly.②(高级表达)Forbidden_to_go_out，we had to stay at home aimlessly.(分词作状语) owe vt.欠(账、钱、人情等)；归功于……；应感谢[教材原句] You owe the lady an apology.你应该向这位女士道歉。(1)owe sb.an apology 该向某人道歉owe sb.sth.＝owe sth.to sb.欠某人某物(2)owe...to... 把……归功于……owe it to sb.that... 多亏某人……(3)owing to 因为；由于①I owe all the achievements to the encouragement and help from my colleagues and friends.我的这些成就都应归功于我的同事和朋友们的鼓励和帮助。②Owing(owe)to lack of experience，I didn't do the work well.由于缺乏经验，我没有把工作做好。 strike vt.&vi.打；撞击；罢工；袭击；报时；划(火柴)；忽然想起n.罢工[一词多义] 写出下列句子中strike的词性和词义①The visitors were struck by the beauty of the tourist area.vt.给……以深刻印象②A wonderful idea struck me suddenly when I was walking on the street.vt.忽然想起③It is by no means clear what the president can do to end the strike.n.罢工④I got up early this morning before the clock struck five.vt.&vi.(钟)报时⑤A big earthquake struck the city last year，killing dozens of people.vt.突然袭击(1)be struck with/by 为……所袭击(感动)It strikes me that... 我觉得……；我的印象是……sth.strike sb. 某人突然想到……(2)be on strike 在罢工go on strike 举行罢工⑥Visitors to Beijing are usually struck by the great number of trees in the city.去北京的游客通常都会感到北京的树特别多。undertake vt.着手；从事；承担[教材原句] It is a difficult task to undertake.这是一项很难完成的任务。undertake a task 承担任务undertake to do sth. 同意、答应或着手做某事undertake that... 保证……①We must act as quickly as possible now.Just tell us whether you can undertake the task or not.现在我们必须尽快采取行动。你就告诉我们你能否承担这项任务吧。②As far as I know，he has undertaken to_finish(finish)the job by Friday.据我所知，他已答应星期五之前完成那项工作。诠释2个核心短语 pay off 得到好结果；取得成功；偿清[经典例句] I was very interested in English and worked hard at it.Finally all my efforts paid off.我对英语非常感兴趣而且付出了努力，最后我所有的努力都得到了回报。pay for 为……付款pay back 还钱；报复pay a visit to 拜访pay attention to 注意①That I can pay_back the help people give me makes me happy.能够回报人们给我的帮助让我感到很开心。②He had to work parttime so as to pay_for his education.他必须做兼职工作来支付学费。 in good/poor condition状况很好(坏)；情况很好(坏)[经典例句] The car has been well maintained and is in good condition.这辆车一直保养得很好，车况极佳。(1)out of condition 健康状况欠佳(2)on condition that... 在……条件下；倘若……on no condition 一点也不；决不(放在句首时，用部分倒装语序)(3)working/living/studying conditions 工作/生活/学习环境①On no condition should_you_lose_heart when you are in trouble.当你处境危险时，你决不能失去信心。②You may use this computer on_condition_that you are able to use it properly so as not to damage it.你可以使用这台电脑，条件是你能恰当地使用它并且不弄坏它。 【导学号：65670150】突破1个高考句型(教材P15)The_advantage_is_that if there is a new illness some of these animals may die，but others will survive and pass on the ability to resist that disease to the next generation.其优势是如果发生某种新的疾病，这些动物中的一些可能会死掉，但是另外一些却能存活下来，并且把这种免疫力传给下一代。The advantage is that...“优势是……”，that此处引导表语从句。The advantage/strength of...is that... ……的优势是……The disadvantage of...is that... ……的不足是……The drawback of...is that... ……的缺点是……The problem of...is that... ……的问题是……The chance is that... 有可能……①The advantage of using your university accommodation is that you can get support if you have a problem.在你所就读的大学里住宿的优势在于如果你有问题可以得到帮助。②The_drawback_of the plan is_that it costs a lot of money.这项计划的缺点是花费太多。③The_chance_is_that our team will finish at the top，as our remaining matches aren't too difficult.由于我们队余下的比赛不太艰难，我们队在结束时有可能名列前茅。[多角快练]——练单词 练短语 练句型————————(对应学生用书第204页)Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．She couldn't resist crying(cry)when her father objected to her going to the party.2．The advantage is that smiling can not only make us happy，but also please others.3．Last night，the earthquake struck(strike)Jiuzhaigou，making much damage.4．The wellknown scientist always says that he owes(owe) all his success to the support of his family.5．The information obtained(obtain) from the Internet is not always true, so we should be careful to check the facts we find on websites.6．Having_retired(retire) from business，he now occupies himself with his garden.7．It's reported that there's a big breakthrough in the cancer treatment.8．Why bother to_go(go) abroad to study，when there are so many good universities at home?Ⅱ.单句改错1．Some rules should be made to forbid students of smoking.of→from2．It suddenly struck to me that we ought to make a new plan.去掉第一个to或struck→occurred3．No one knows exact how the earth began as it happened so long ago. 【导学号：65670151】exact→exactly4．Sometimes, some students object the idea that English classes are taught in English.object后加to5．He has not easily cast down，because he is a strongminded person.has→is(对应学生用书第205页)Ⅰ.教材与语法填空根据P11－12课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Cloning has always been with us and is here to stay. It is a way of 1.________(make) an exact copy of another animal or plant. It has two major uses. One is 2.________ gardeners use it to produce commercial quantities of plants.3.________ other is that it is valuable for research on new plant species and for medical research on animals. However，the process of cloning is difficult 4.________(undertake)．Many attempts to clone mammals failed.The breakthrough that scientists made in history is in the year 1996.The first successful cloning, Dolly the sheep, made the whole 5.________(science)world follow its process, though it had 6.________(many) problems than the normal sheep.On the other hand, Dolly's appearance 7.________(raise) a storm of objections and had a great impact 8.________ the media and public imagination.Different people have different 9.________(opinion) on it.However，scientists still wonder whether cloning will help 10.________ harm us and where it is leading us.Maybe in the 21st century，cloning will be the biggest moral dilemma.【答案】 1.making 2.that 3.The 4.to undertake 5.scientific 6.more 7.raised 8.on 9.opinions 10.or 【导学号：65670152】Ⅱ.写作改错双练根据提示利用本单元所学知识完成下面的小作文，并改正学生习作。1．据我所知，人们对于克隆技术尤其是在克隆人方面分歧相当大。(differ)2．一些人支持它的发展，他们认为这项技术一定会有利于医学的发展。(in favour of；be bound to)3．相反，另一些人害怕克隆能引起一系列的道德问题，对社会的发展造成危害。(on the contrary)4．我认为，只要所有的人都遵守规则，承诺合理应用克隆技术，克隆将会取得成功。(on assumption that)第一步 练写作用适当的连接词将上述句子连成一篇短文。____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________第二步 练改错下面是李明针对本文的习作，其中有5处语法错误，请你帮他纠正过来。As far as I know，people differ greatly in cloning technique，especially cloning human beings.Some people are in favour of its development，believe the technique is bound to benefit the medical development.On the contrary，other find that it could raise a storm of moral problem，thus causing damage for the social development.However，in my opinion，cloning will pay off on assumption that all people obey rules and promise to use it proper.【答案】 As far as I know，people differ greatly in cloning technique，especially cloning human beings.Some people are in favour of its development， the technique is bound to benefit the medical development.On the contrary， find that it could raise a storm of moral ，thus causing damage the social development.However，in my opinion，cloning will pay off on assumption that all people obey rules and promise to use it .
