2019年高考英语（人教版）一轮总复习教师用书：第一部分选修8Unit1　Alandofdiversity



Unit 1　A land of diversity


(对应学生用书第196页)
[单词　拼写应用]
Ⅰ.考纲单词——会拼写、要识记
1．means　　　 n．手段；方法
2．hardship n. 苦难；困苦
3．boom_ n. (人口、贸易的)繁荣
vi. 处于经济迅速发展时期
4．occur vi. 发生；出现
5．luggage n. 行李
6．slip vi. 滑动；滑行；滑跤
n. 滑动；滑倒
7．hire vt.& n. 租用；雇用
8．nowhere adv. 无处；到处都无
9．reform vt.&vi. 改革；革新
n. 改良
10．grasp vt.&n. 抓住；抓紧；掌握；领会
11．thankful adj. 感激的；感谢的
12．percentage n. 百分比；百分率
13．customs n. 海关；关税；进口税
14．shave vt.&vi. 刮；剃
15．brake n. 闸；刹车；制动器
vi.&vt. 刹(车)；用制动器减速
16．justice n. 正义；公平
17．mourn vt.&vi. 哀悼；悼念；表示悲痛
18．civil adj. 公民的；国内的；民间的
19．authority n. 权威；权力
(pl) 当局；官方
20．insert vt. 插入；嵌入
Ⅱ.派生单词——能辨别
1．distinct adj.清晰的；明显的；明确的→distinction n．差别；区别；卓越
2．major adj.主要的 vi.主修 n．专业→majority n．大多数；大半→minority n．少数
3．elect vt.选择；决定做某事；选举某人→election n．选举
4．apply v．申请→applicant n．申请人→application n．申请
5．society n．社会→socialist n．社会主义者；社会党人 adj.社会主义者的→socialism n．社会主义
6．indicate vt.指出；标示；表明；暗示→indication n．迹象；指示器；指示物
7．apparent adj.显而易见的；显然的；表面上的→apparently adv.显然地；显而易见地
8．punish v．惩罚；处罚→punishment n．惩罚；处罚
Ⅲ.语境应用(用所给词的适当形式填空)
1．The majority of people interviewed prefer TV to radio.The major reason is that TV can give them more amusement.(major)
2．People in this country will vote to elect a new president and the result of this election will be announced next week.(elect)
3．Anyone can apply to join the organization but the applicant should hand in your resume first.(apply)
4．It is apparent that they have fallen in love with each other.Apparently they are getting married soon.(apparent)
[拓展联想]
与“雇用；辞退”有关的词汇短语
①employ vt.雇用　　 ⑤discharge vt.辞退
②take on雇用 ⑥lay off解雇
③fire vt.解雇 ⑦turn away解雇
④dismiss vt.解雇
[短语　多维应用]
Ⅰ.短语回顾——会默写
1．live_on　　　　　　 继续存在；继续生存
2．by_means_of... 用……办法；借助……
3．make_a_life 习惯于新的生活方式、工作等
4．keep_up 坚持；维持；沿袭(风俗、传统等)
5．back_to_back 背靠背
6．team_up_with 与……合作或一起工作
7．mark_out 用线画出范围；标出……界线
8．take_in 包括；吸收
9．a_great/good_many 许多；很多
10．apply_for 申请；请示得到
Ⅱ.语境应用(选用上述短语的适当形式填空)
1．In some rural places of China, some people still prefer keeping_up their traditional lifestyle.
2．Mr Brown sent an e­mail to the manager，applying_for a job in the company.
3．It is honourable to make_a_life with your hands while depending on others is a shame.
4．After seeing a_great_many homeless people in the streets，I thought I should do something for them.
5．In doing my reading, I often mark_out what I regard as important in a book.
6．You can team_up_with one other class member if you can't finish it on time.
[拓展联想]
“v.＋out”结构的短语荟萃
①turn out　　　　 结果是
②make out 理解；辨认出
③work out 锻炼
④cut out 删去
⑤come out 出版；开花

[句式　结构仿写]
教材原句——会背诵
句式仿写——能应用
1.it is likely that...有可能……
However，it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.
1.对我们学生而言参观长城有可能是一次难忘的经历。
It_is_likely_that a visit to the Great Wall for us students is an unforgettable experience.
2.That is why...那就是……的原因
That is why today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language.
2.他迷恋电脑游戏，那就是他不得不辍学的原因。
He is addicted to computer games，and that_is_why he has to drop out of school.
3.It is believed that...人们认为/相信……
It is believed that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups，but simply a mixture of many races and cultures.
3.人们普遍认为书的影响是如此之大，以至于我们的父母总是鼓励我们养成良好的阅读习惯，阅读更多的书籍。
It_is_commonly_believed_that the influence of books is so great that our parents always encourage us to form good habits of reading and to read more books.
【导学号：65670144】


(对应学生用书第197页)
精讲4个考纲单词
means n．手段；方法
[经典例句]　Millions of Chinese rely on bicycles as their important means of transportation.
自行车是数百万中国人赖以出行的重要交通工具。
(1)by this means　通过这种方法
by means of 用……办法；借助……
by all means 一定，务必；好的，当然可以
by no means 决不，一点也不(位于句首
时，句子用部分倒装)
(2)a means of communication
一种通讯/交流工具
①Students sometimes support themselves by means of part­time jobs.
学生有时可以借助兼职工作养活自己。
②Whatever happened，the boss required us to finish the task by_all_means．
无论发生什么，老板要求我们务必完成任务。
③Every possible means has_been_tried(try)，but none has worked.
＝All possible means have_been_tried(try)，but none has worked.
各种可能的办法都尝试了，但没有一种奏效。
[名师点津]　means用作“方式；方法”时单复数同形。若all/some/several/many means作主语，谓语动词用复数形式；若every/each/one/a means作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。
链接写作
【导学号：65670145】
此外，惩罚绝不是一个帮助他们在精神上和身体上健康成长的明智选择。(means)
Furthermore，punishment is_by_no_means_a_wise_choice to help them grow up mentally and physically.
In addition，by_no_means_is_punishment_a_wise_choice to help them grow up mentally and physically.(倒装)
majority n．大多数；大半
[高考佳句]　The majority of them take an online language test before starting their programme.(2016年天津高考)
他们中的大多数在开始课程前参加在线语言测试。
(1)a/the majority of...　　大多数……
be in a/the majority 构成大部分/大多数
(2)major n．&v. 专业；主修
major in 主修……；以……为专业
(3)minority n. 少数
in the minority 占少数
①An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee members are against it.看来意见达成一致是不可能了，因为大多数委员会成员都表示反对。
②The white are in_the_majority in Australia while the native people in_the_minority．
在澳大利亚，白人占大多数而土著人反而占少数。
③In fact, he inspires me to major in English in college, to be a bridge between China and the world.(2016年北京高考)事实上，他激励我在大学主修英语，并成为连接中国和世界的桥梁。
链接写作
说到教育，大部分人认为其是一个终生的学习。
①(普通表达)When it comes to education，most people believe that education is a lifetime study.
②(高级表达)When it comes to education，the_majority_of people believe that education is a lifetime study.
elect vt.选择；决定做某事；选举某人
[经典例句]　If I am lucky enough to be elected，I will make every effort to serve for the benefits of students and our club.如果我够幸运当选的话，我会尽一切努力为学生和我们的俱乐部服务。
(1)elect sb. (as/to be)＋职位
＝be elected＋职位(职位前无冠词)
elect to do...　选择或决定……
(2)election n. 选举
①Donald Trump was elected president of the United States，and the news came，in fact, as a surprise.
唐纳德·特朗普被选为美国总统，实际上，这个消息一传出来就令人们感到惊讶。
②If I am lucky enough to win the election (elect), the first thing I will do is to enrich our students' after­class activities.如果我足够幸运能赢得选举，我要做的第一件事就是丰富我们学生的课外活动。

occur vi.发生；出现
[经典例句]　It occurred to me that I still had things to do，so I went back to my office at once.我突然想起还有事情要做，因此我立即回到了办公室。
sth.occurs to sb.　某人突然想起某事
It occurs to/strikes/hits sb.that...
某人突然想起……
It occurs to sb.to do sth. 某人突然想起做某事
①Along with your wonderful innovation，you need to hand in a report，explaining how the idea occurs to you and what materials you use.
除了你的奇妙的创新外，你需要提交一份报告，解释你是怎么想到这个点子的，你用的是什么材料。
②The possibility never occured to me that I would win the first in exams.
我从没想过在考试中得第一名的可能性。
链接写作
他忽然想起他把钥匙忘在办公室里了。
①It_occurred_to_him_that he had left his keys in the office.
②It_hit_him_that he had left his keys in the office.
③It_struck_him_that he had left his keys in the office.

诠释2个核心短语
make a life 习惯于新的生活方式、工作等
[教材原句]　Some died or returned home，but most remained in California to make a life for themselves despite great hardship.有些人死了或回家了，但是大多数人留在了加利福尼亚谋生，尽管困难重重。
(1)come to life　　苏醒；变得活跃
come back to life 苏醒过来，恢复生气
bring...back to life 使……苏醒过来；
给……活力
live/lead a．..life 过着……生活
(2)make/earn a/one's living 谋生
①She had to look for part­time babysitting jobs these years to_make (make) a living.这些年来为了谋生，她不得不去找当临时保姆的工作。
②When Alice came_to_life,_she did not know how long she had been lying there.
当艾丽斯醒来时，她不知道她已经在那儿躺了多久。

take in包括；吸收；理解；欺骗；收留
[一词多义]　写出下列句中take in的含义
①(2016年四川高考)The more fat you take in before bedtime，the greater burden you will put on your body at night.吸收
②Don't be taken in by products promising to make you lose weight quickly.欺骗
③It was several minutes before I took in what he was saying.理解
④I managed to rent a house big enough to take in people.收留
take off　 起飞；匆匆离去；脱下；大获成功
take on 呈现；雇用；承担
take over 接收；接管；取代
take up 占用；占据；开始从事
⑤In the past few years，the village has taken on a new look.
在过去的几年，这个村庄呈现出了新面貌。
链接写作
我仔细听演讲，但是我仍然不理解。
①(普通表达)I listened to the speech carefully，but I still couldn't understand．
②(高级表达)I listened to the speech carefully，but I still couldn't take_in．

突破1个高考句型
(教材P2)However，it_is_likely_that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.然而，美国土著人可能至少在一万五千年前就在加利福尼亚生活着。
本句中it为形式主语，真正的主语为that从句。
It is likely that...　　　　　……是可能的
sb./sth.be likely to do sth. 某人/物可能做某事
①It is very likely that，in many schools，the students are going to spend less time in doing homework than they used to.
在很多学校学生做作业的时间有可能比以前少。
②As far as I know，he is likely to_drop(drop)out of school to attend to his sick mother.
＝As far as I know，it_is_likely_that he will drop out of school to attend to his sick mother.
据我所知，他可能退学去照顾他生病的母亲。

(教材P2)That_is_why today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language.这就是为什么今天有超过40%的加利福尼亚人把西班牙语作为第一或第二语言。
This/That is why...为表语从句的常用句型结构，意为“这/那就是为什么……”，用来表示结果。
(1)That's because...这是因为……(because从句表示原因)
(2)The reason why...is/was that...……的原因是……(表语从句常用that引导，而不用because)
①The deadline is drawing near. This is why we are very busy.
最后期限要到了。这就是我们很忙的原因。
②The reason why Tom came late for the meeting was that he was ill.
汤姆开会迟到的原因是因为他病了。
【导学号：65670146】
链接写作
①He had an urgent thing to deal with. That was why he didn't attend the meeting.
②He didn't attend the meeting.That's_because he had an urgent thing to deal with.
[多角快练]——练单词 练短语 练句型————————
(对应学生用书第199页)
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．There is a great deal of evidence indicating (indicate) that listening to soft music can reduce stress.
2．She had looked everywhere for her children, but they were nowhere to_be_found (find), which made her very worried.
3．Whoever breaks the school rules will surely receive punishment(punish)．
4．The majority of the interviewees prefer(prefer)watching TV at home to going to the cinema.
5．She became the first black woman to_be_elected(elect)to the Senate.
6．It suddenly occurred to him that he should adopt the homeless child.
7．Great changes have taken place since our country reformed(reform) and opened to the outside world 30 years ago.
8．To_keep(keep)up with a good state with your teachers and classmates，you should learn to be on good terms with them.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．A great many of houses were knocked down in the earthquake.
【导学号：65670147】
去掉of
2．We regret to inform you that our company has hired on another girl for the job of secretary.去掉on
3．Having punished by his boss, he was in a very bad mood.Having后加been
4．In fact，I didn't realize its importance after I was elected the monitor.去掉the
5．A large percentage of this hotel's income are from the visitors to the lake nearby.are→is
6．Business in China is boomed and that trend is expected to grow.boomed→booming


(对应学生用书第200页)
Ⅰ.课文语法填空
根据P1－3课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California，no one really knows.However，it is 1.________(like) that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.
Scientists believe that these settlers 2.________(cross)the Bering Strait in the Arctic to America by means of a land bridge which existed in prehistoric times.In the 16th century，after the 3.________(arrive)of the Europeans，the native people suffered 4.________(great)．
Thousands were killed or forced into slavery.5.________ addition，many died from the diseases brought by the Europeans.However，some survived these terrible times，and today there are more Native Americans 6.________(live)in California than in any other state.
In the 18th century California 7.________(rule)by Spain.Spanish soldiers first arrived in South America in the early 16th century，when they fought against the native people and took 8.________ land.
Two centuries later，the Spanish had settled in most parts of South America and along the northwest coast of what we now call the United States.Of 9.________ first Spanish to go to California，the majority were religious men，10.________ ministry was to teach the Catholic religion to the natives.
【答案】　1.likely　2.crossed　3.arrival　4.greatly　5.In　6.living　7.was ruled　8.their　9.the　10.whose
Ⅱ.写作改错双练
根据提示利用本单元所学知识完成下面的小作文，并改正学生习作。
1．众所周知，自从1978年改革以来，中国经历了移民大潮。(immigration)
2．据报道，成千上万的农民从农村涌向城市。(It is reported that...)
3．尽管辛苦，他们中的多数人都能适应城市生活。(make a life)
4．有些农民甚至申请到了城市居民权，享受和当地人一样的权利。(apply for)
5．他们通过努力工作为城市的繁荣做出了贡献，自己也过上了幸福的生活。(by means of；boom)
第一步　练写作
用适当的连接词将上述句子连成一篇短文。
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第二步　练改错
下面是李明针对本文的习作，其中有5处语法错误，请你帮他纠正过来。
As we all know，China experienced immigration movements since the reform in 1978.It is reported that thousands of farmer from the countryside crowd into the cities，the majority of who can make a life in the cities despite great hardship.Some even have applied for the right to live in the city and enjoy the same rights as the local people.In addition，they have made great contribution to the boom of the cities by mean of working hard and live a happy life.
【答案】　As we all know，China experienced immigration movements since the reform in 1978.It is reported that thousands of from the countryside crowd into the cities，the majority of can make a life in the cities despite great hardship.Some even have applied for the right to live in the city and enjoy the same rights as the local people.In addition，they have made great to the boom of the cities by of working hard and live a happy life.
【导学号：65670148】