2020高考英语新增分方案大一轮人教新课改省份专用讲义：选修8Unit4Pygmalion

Unit 4 Pygmalion

一、课前基础自查
(一)分类记单词——省时高效
Ⅰ.阅读单词(知其意)
1．plot n．　 　 　　情节；阴谋
2．garment n. (一件)衣服(外套、裙袍等)；(pl.)服装
3．handkerchief n. 手帕；手绢；纸巾
4．ambassador n. 大使；使节
5．stocking n. 长袜
6．cookie n. 饼干
7．cream n. 奶油；面霜
8．waist n. 腰；腰部；腰围
9．referee n. 裁判员；仲裁者
10．laundry n. 洗衣店；洗衣房；(待洗的或洗好的)衣服
11．alphabet n. 字母表
12．antique adj. 古时的；(因古老、稀少而)珍贵的
n. 文物；古董；古玩
Ⅱ.重点单词(写其形)
1．properly adv. 适当地；恰当地
2．overlook vt. 俯视；忽视；不理会
3．outcome n. 结果；效果
4．whistle vi. 吹口哨；发出汽笛声
　 　n. 口哨声；汽笛声
5.betray vt.　　显露出(本来面目)；背叛
6．upper adj. (位置或地位)较高的；级别较高的
7．acquaintance n. 相识；了解；熟人
8．handful n. 一把；少量
9．extraordinary adj. 不同寻常的；非凡的
10．superior adj. 优秀的；较高的；上级的
　 　 　n. 上级；长官
11．fade v. (使)褪色；减弱；逐渐消失
12．condemn vt. 谴责；使……处于不幸(不愉快)的状态
13．compromise n．& vi. 妥协；折衷
14．troublesome adj. 带来麻烦的；使人心烦的
15．brilliant adj. 光辉灿烂的；杰出的；才华横溢的
16．shabby adj. 破旧的；寒酸的
17．status n. 身份；地位；职位
18．disapprove v. 不赞成；反对；认为不好
19．remark n. 谈论；言论；评述
　 　v. 谈论；评论；说起
Ⅲ.拓展单词(通其变)
1．adaptation n．适应(性)；改编本→adapt v．(使)适应；改编
2．classic adj.经典的；第一流的 n．经典著作→classical adj.古典的
3．professor n．教授→profession n．职业；专业→professional adj.专业的 n．专业人员
4．fateful adj.重要的；决定性的；命中注定的→fate n．命运
5．woollen adj.毛纺的；纯毛的→wool n．羊毛
6．hesitate vi.犹豫；踌躇→hesitation n．犹豫；踌躇
7．uncomfortable adj.不舒服的；不安的；不自在的→uncomfortably adv.不舒服地；不自在地→comfortably adv.舒服地；舒适地→comfortable adj.舒适的；舒服的
8．mistaken adj.(见解或判断上)错误的；不正确的→mistake n．& v．错误；误会
9．classify vt.把……分类；把……归类→classification n．分类；归类
10．amazement n．惊讶；惊愕→amaze vt.使吃惊→amazed adj.吃惊的→amazing adj.令人吃惊的
11．fortune n．机会；运气；大笔的钱→fortunate adj.幸运的→fortunately adv.幸运地
12．rob vt.抢劫；盗窃；剥夺→robbery n．抢劫(行为)→robber n．强盗；盗贼
13．musical adj.音乐的；喜爱音乐的 n．音乐喜剧→music n．音乐→musician n．音乐家
14．horrible adj.可怕的；恐怖的→horror n．恐怖
15．disgusting adj.使人反感的；令人厌恶的→disgust vt.使反感→disgusted adj.反感的
16．effective adj.有效的→effect n．效果；影响
[语境活用]
1．In the lecture, the professor said that his profession is to cultivate more professionals for the country.(profession)
2．Yesterday an old woman mistook me for her daughter. That means I was mistaken for her daughter. In fact she often makes the same mistake.(mistake)
3．Don't hesitate to ask for help and solve the problem without hesitation.(hesitate)
4．Tom is often fortunate. Last year he went to Shanghai to try his fortune. Fortunately,_he met and married his girlfriend there.(fortune)
5．To my amazement,_the amazing news amazes the family and their neighbors are also amazed.(amaze)
6．Three of his novels have been adapted for TV and this is a screen adaptation. (adapt)
7．Jane was robbed of her diamond ring the other day and the robber was caught by the police very soon. (rob)
8．Her house is modern and comfortably furnished, but she always feels slightly uncomfortable the moment she comes in. (comfortable)
9．The books in the library are classified by subject and its classification is very convenient to the students and teachers.(classify)
10．Mike likes music very much. There were many musical instruments in his room. When he was young, he wanted to be a famous musician. (music)

(二)练中记短语——记牢用活
写准记牢
语境活用(选用左栏短语填空)
1.once_more　　　　再一次
2．fade_out (声音、画面)逐渐模糊；渐淡
3．in_disguise 伪装(的)；假扮(的)
4．in_terms_of_... 就……来说；从……角度
5．in_need_of 需要……
6．pass_..._off_as_... (把某人)改变或冒充成……
7．rob_sb._of_sth. 抢劫某人某物
8．show_..._in 带或领……进来
9．generally_speaking 一般来说
10．make_one's_acquaintance　结识；与……相见
1.It is difficult to express it in_terms_of science.
2．Judging from his expression, he is probably in_need_of help now.
3．Yesterday she passed herself off_as a servant into the nobleman's house.
4．She was robbed_of her handbag with the considerable sum of ＄5,000 in it.
5．Generally_speaking,_how much you're paid reflects how important you are to the company you're looking for.
6．As the proverb says, an enemy in_disguise is a wolf in sheep's clothing.
7．I really like the way the song fades_out on the outro (尾曲) there.
8．She expressed her wish to visit the attraction once_more.

(三)仿写明句式——以用为本
教材原句
句式解读
句式仿写
1.Will that be of any use to you?
那对你有用吗？
be of＋抽象名词。
在我看来，我们学生养成良好的学习习惯是非常重要的。
In my opinion, developing a good learning habit is of_great_importance for us students.
2.What if I was?
如果我是又怎么样呢？
What if ...?
“如果……将会怎么样？”
在接下来的半小时里，如果这个问题必须被解决会怎样？
What_if_this_problem_has_to_be_solved in the next half hour？
3.Henry Higgins and Colonel Pickering are sitting deep in conversation.
亨利·希金斯与皮克林上校正坐在那儿进行深入的交谈。
形容词短语作状语。
他全神贯注地读书，没注意到老师走进教室。
Deep_in_the_book,_he didn't notice the teacher come into the classroom.

二、课堂重点深化

1．hesitate vi.犹豫；踌躇
　[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①Since then, I have not hesitated to_be (be) in the presence of others, especially when they need company.
②Please have no hesitation in writing (write) to me if you want me to do something for you in China.
③I hesitated about/in/at/over taking his side until I knew the whole story.
　[系统归纳]
(1)hesitate to do sth.　　　　　 　 犹豫做某事
hesitate about/in/at/over 对……犹豫不决
(2)hesitation n. 踌躇；犹豫
without hesitation 毫不犹豫地
have no hesitation in doing sth. 毫不犹豫地做某事
　[重点强化]
佳句时时写
④如果你需要更多的信息，请不要犹豫地给我打电话。
Please don't hesitate_to_call_me if you need more information.
2．remark n．谈论；言论；评述vt.& vi.谈论；评论；说起
　[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①He once remarked that “All happy families resemble one another, but each unhappy family is unhappy in its own way.”
②As long as you work hard, you'll see a slow but remarkable (remark) improvement in your classroom performance during the next term.
③Miss Li remarked on some students' cheating in exams, whose words left a deep impression on us.
　[系统归纳]
(1)remark on/upon　　　　　 谈论/评论……
remark that ... 说；评论说
(2)make remarks on/upon 对……发表评论/看法
(3)remarkable adj. 非凡的；显著的
　[重点强化]
佳句时时写
④(2018·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)电影结束后，每个班都要进行一次讨论然后所有的学生都要发表评论，表达他们对这部电影的看法。
After the film, each class is supposed to have a discussion and all the students are expected to make_remarks_and_express_their_views_about_the_film.
3．acquaintance n．相识；了解；熟人
　[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①It was at that party that I first made the acquaintance of her.
②There are many ways through which we can become acquainted (acquaint) with the outside world.
　[系统归纳]
　 结识某人
have acquaintance with sth. 对某事知道/了解
(2)acquaint v. 使熟悉；使了解
acquaint oneself with ... 熟悉
be acquainted with 熟悉
　[重点强化]
佳句时时写
③(2017·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)上课前，首先你需要熟悉唐朝历史，以便于更好地理解将要学习的诗歌。
Before class, first you need to acquaint_yourself_with the history of the Tang Dynasty to better appreciate the poems to be learned.
4．fortune n．财产；大笔的钱；机会；运气
　[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①I had the good fortune to_be_chosen (choose) for studying abroad.
②We shared the belief that if we're fortunate in having success, you should put something back.
③Determined never to come back before he could make a big fortune, Mike left home without saying a word.

　[系统归纳]
(1)seek/try one's fortune　　 找出路/碰运气
make a fortune 发财；赚钱
have the good fortune to do sth.　 有幸做某事
(2)fortunate adj. 幸运的；侥幸的(＝lucky)
be fortunate to do sth./in doing sth.　 有幸做某事
(3)fortunately adv. 幸运地(＝luckily)
　[重点强化]
佳句时时写
④幸运的是，她没有受重伤，我们把她送到了最近的医院。
Fortunately,_she_was_not_badly_injured_and_we_sent_her_to_the_nearest_hospital.
[名师指津]　fortune作名词且意为“机会；运气”时，是不可数名词；作名词且意为“大笔的钱”时，是可数名词。

1．in terms of ...就……来说；从……角度
　[系统归纳]
in the long/short term/run　 就长远/短期而言
be on good terms with 与……处得好
come to terms with 与……妥协，对……让步
　[重点强化]
单句语法填空
①The country is very poor and it has to come to terms with the neighbouring countries.
②The agreement should have very positive results in the long term.
③Bear in mind that with humor sense, you can always be on good terms with others.
佳句时时写
④就学习和健康来说，我们应该养成健康的生活方式。
In_terms_of_study_and_health,_we should develop a healthy lifestyle.
2．show ... in带或领……进来
　[系统归纳]
show ... out　 　　　　　　　 带或领……出去
show off 炫耀；展示
show up 出现；来到某处
show sb. around/round 领某人参观
show ... for sb. 向某人表示……
show ... to sb. 给某人看……
show interest in 对……感兴趣
　[重点强化]
用法条条清(选用上述短语填空)
①He promised to attend the meeting, but he hasn't showed_up yet.
②You are coming to Hangzhou this weekend. I'll be very glad to show_you_around/round our beautiful city then.
③Mike has only driven to the pub to show_off his new car — he usually walks.
佳句时时写
④(2016·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)欢迎任何对这次摄影展感兴趣的同学参加。
Any_student_who_shows_interest_in_this_photography_show_is_welcome_to_participate.
3．be of＋抽象名词
　[教材原句]　 Will that be_of_any_use to you?
　[自主体验]
①The way that he had thought of to deal with the problem was of great importance.
②His opinion is considered to be of great value.
→His opinion is considered to be very_valuable.
　[归纳点拨]
“be of＋抽象名词”结构，名词通常是use， importance， help， value， interest， benefit等，该结构相当于“be＋名词所对应的形容词”，这类名词前可用no， some， any， little， much， great等对其进行修饰。
　[佳句背诵]
①(增分要点句)(2018·浙江高考写作)I treasure this as a good chance and it is of benefit to me in many ways.
②(精彩收尾句)(2016·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)Your guide and suggestions are of great help to me and I'm looking forward to your early reply.

本单元语篇话题与新课程主题语境“人与社会”中的“文学作品”子话题相对应
一、话题语素积累多一点
话题词汇记一记
子话题(一)　文学作品
温故浅易词汇
①novel　　②story　　③literature　　④works
⑤poem ⑥essay ⑦writing ⑧opera

识记生疏词汇
①fiction n．小说　②classic n．名著
③masterpiece n．杰作 ④series n．丛书
⑤bestseller n．畅销书 ⑥poetry n．(总称)诗
⑦biography n．传记 ⑧myth n．神话
⑨legend n．传说 ⑩edition n．版本
⑪tragedy n．悲剧 ⑫comedy n．喜剧


子话题(二)　文学欣赏
温故浅易词汇
①appreciate　　②adapt　　　　③describe
④comment ⑤grasp ⑥realize
⑦compare ⑧convey

识记生疏词汇
①recommend v．推荐 　②reflect v．反映
③subscribe v．订阅；订购(报刊等)
④thrilling adj.令人兴奋的；刺激的
⑤excellent adj.优秀的 ⑥admiration n．钦佩
⑦plot n．情节 ⑧structure n．结构


常用词块忆一忆
①fairy tale　　　　　　　　　　 童话
②classical literature 古典文学
③detective story 侦探小说
④fantasy literature 奇幻文学
⑤modern American literature 美国当代文学
⑥works appreciation 作品鉴赏
⑦beyond comparison 无可比拟
⑧be based on 以……为基础
⑨be set in 以……为背景
⑩background knowledge 背景知识
⑪have fun 玩得开心
⑫refer to 涉及
⑬the evils of society 社会的罪恶
⑭in contrast 相反
⑮wonderfully humorous 精彩幽默的
⑯leading character 主角
⑰society's limitation 社会限制
⑱make comments (on) 做评论
⑲adapt ... from 根据……改编
⑳give a vivid description of 给予生动的描述

写作佳句背一背
①Some classic works not only offer us joy and excitement, but also encourage us to think critically.
②The world of fantasy is not an escapist world but one through which we begin to see our own world more clearly.
③In memory of the 400th anniversary of the death of Shakespeare, the Student Union has planned to hold “Shakespeare Drama Day” on campus this Saturday.
二、“分步写作”表达准一点
话题应用文分步写作
根据下列提示，写一篇关于马克·吐温及其作品《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》的评论。
1．马克·吐温(Mark Twain)，美国作家，在密西西比河(the Mississippi River)畔小城长大。
2．代表作(masterpiece)之一《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》(The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn)。这部小说讲述了白人小孩Huckleberry Finn从家中逃走，和黑奴吉姆在密西西比河流浪的故事。《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》在美国文学史上一直被称为最伟大的作品。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
第一步：准确审题，理行文脉络，拟写作要点
1．审题：①文体：文学评论　②人称：主要是第三人称
③时态：主要是一般过去时和一般现在时
2．本文要点具体、明确，因此审题、拟点没有困难，根据题目和要求，可从以下三个要点来写作：
要点1：简短介绍马克·吐温(美国作家，出生地)；
要点2：介绍其代表作《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》；
要点3：评论这部作品(地位)。
要点1：马克·吐温是一位杰出的美国作家。他在密西西比河畔小城长大。(extraordinary)
Mark_Twain_was_an_extraordinary_American_writer.He_grew_up_in_a_small_town_on_the_banks_of_the_Mississippi_River.
要点2－①：他的代表作之一是《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》。这部小说讲述了哈克贝利·费恩从家中逃走，在密西西比河流浪的故事。
One_of_his_masterpieces_is_The_Adventures_of_Huckleberry_Finn.The_novel_tells_of_Huckleberry_Finn_running_away_from_home_and_wandering_down_the_Mississippi_River.
要点2－②：不久他结识了一位黑人奴隶吉姆。(acquaintance, slave)
Soon_he_makes_the_acquaintance_of_a_black_slave,_Jim.
要点3：《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》在美国文学上是一部经典的小说。
The_Adventures_of_Huckleberry_Finn_is_a_classic_novel_in_American_literature.
第二步：添加细节，文意更丰满，表达更亮眼
为了使内容更充实，我们需要对要点进行添枝加叶或者升级，用更高级表达，使表达更亮眼。要点1可以使用同位语形式进行升级；要点2－①使用which引导的非限制性定语从句进行升级；要点2－②后添加if引导的虚拟语气，说明如果没有遇见吉姆的结果；要点3可增加状语“从许多方面来考虑”并用过去分词作状语表达。
升级要点1：马克·吐温，一位杰出美国作家，在密西西比河畔的一座小城长大。(同位语)
Mark_Twain,_an_extraordinary_American_writer,_grew_up_in_a_small_town_on_the_banks_of_the_Mississippi_River.
升级要点2－①：他的代表作之一是《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》，讲述了哈克贝利·费恩从家中逃走，在密西西比河流浪的故事。(which引导非限制性定语从句)
One_of_his_masterpieces_is_The_Adventures_of_Huckleberry_Finn，which_tells_of_Huckleberry_Finn_running_away_from_home_and_wandering_down_the_Mississippi_River.
补充要点2－②：如果他没有遇见吉姆，也就没有后来的这些事了。(if引导的虚拟语气)
If_he_hadn't_met_Jim,_there_could_never_have_been_such_things_later_on.
拓展要点3：从许多方面来考虑，《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》在美国文学上是一部经典的小说。(过去分词作状语)
Considered_in_many_aspects，The_Adventures_of_Huckleberry_Finn_is_a_classic_novel_in_American_literature.
第三步：连句成文，排语句顺序，重衔接过渡
文学评论一般先简短介绍作者，再介绍被评论的书刊，最后再给出对这本书的评价。这一类的文章一般不需要太多的衔接，关键在于理清要点的先后顺序，注意要点间的衔接、连贯。
Mark_Twain,_an_extraordinary_American_writer,_grew_up_in_a_small_town_on_the_banks_of_the_Mississippi_River.One_of_his_masterpieces_is_The_Adventures_of_Huckleberry_Finn,_which_tells_of_Huckleberry_Finn_running_away_from_home_and_wandering_down_the_Mississippi_River.Soon_he_makes_the_acquaintance_of_a_black_slave,_Jim.If_he_hadn't_met_Jim,_there_could_never_have_been_such_things_later_on.
Considered_in_many_aspects，The_Adventures_of_Huckleberry_Finn_is_a_classic_novel_
in_American_literature.

一、复现单元考点——增强备考信心
Ⅰ.高考中的语法填空
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)While running regularly can't make you live forever, the review says it is more_effective (effective) at lengthening life than walking, cycling or swimming.
2．(2017·江苏高考)Here I will stress some smarter and more creative examples of climate adaptation (adapt)．
3．(2015·重庆高考)Bach died in 1750, but it was not until the early 19th century that his musical (music) gift was fully recognized.
4．(2015·重庆高考)I just heard the bank where Dora works was_robbed (rob) by a gunman wearing a mask.
5．(2014·福建高考)It is widely acknowledged that students should be evaluated in terms of overall quality.
Ⅱ.高考中的完形填空(选用unfortunately, hesitate, fortune, mistaken, troublesome, fade填空)
1．(2016·浙江高考完形填空)Whatever money was left over would be his to keep. Gene was thrilled, thinking he would make his first __42__.fortune
2．(2014·山东高考完形填空)Several years later, Charlotte said she wanted to be a doctor. Her husband supported her decision. __25__， Canadian medical schools did not accept women students at the time.Unfortunately
3．(2012·山东高考完形填空)The Mullers soon realised that food and clothing weren't enough. “What these people also need is warmth and caring，” says Rita. The Mullers didn't __44__to give their phone number to the street people and told them to phone anytime. hesitate
4．(2012·重庆高考完形填空)However, my parents showed no interest in my garden.My father even shouted at me because he found it was __47__to move around my garden to the driveway.troublesome
5．(2010·江西高考完形填空)The window moved up and the car started off. A little way ahead, it turned and with headlights flashing，it drove past Alice. But then，something strange happened. The car began changing.First, its color __52__ from black to silvery­grey.faded
6．(2009·全国卷Ⅱ完形填空)Actually I believed I would work for a few years, get married, stay home and raise a family, so I didn't think the job I took mattered that much.I couldn't have been more__29__.mistaken
二、复现话题词汇——提高阅读准度
新高考下的命题新视角：诺贝尔文学奖获得者莫言说，“读过二十大名著，犹如拥有一笔财富”，由此可见读名著的重要性及意义。考生学习和了解文学名著不仅能提高自身文化素养，也与新课程主题语境提出的核心素养紧密相关，此话题也是高考考查的重点之一。
[话题感悟]
学习目标 ——语篇复现词汇，活学活用记忆更深
(加蓝词汇为本单元话题词汇，读文时请揣摩其用法)
(2018·浙江高考)[1]In 1812, the year Charles Dickens was born, there were 66 novels published in Britain. People had been writing novels for a century — most experts date the first novel to Robinson Crusoe in 1719 — but nobody wanted to do it professionally.The steampowered printing press was still in its early stages; the literacy (识字) rate in England was under 50%.Many works of fiction appeared without the names of the authors, often with something like “By a lady.” Novels, for the most part, were looked upon as silly, immoral or just plain bad.
[2]In 1870, when Dickens died, the world mourned him as its first professional writer and publisher, famous and beloved, who had led an explosion in both the publication of novels and their readership and whose characters — from Oliver Twist to Tiny Tim — were held up as moral touchstones.Today Dickens' greatness is unchallenged.Removing him from the pantheon (名人堂) of English literature would make about as much sense as the Louvre selling off the Mona Lisa.
[3]How did Dickens get to the top？For all the feelings readers attach to stories, literature is a numbers game, and the test of time is extremely difficult to pass.Some 60,000 novels were published during the Victorian age, from 1837 to 1901; today a casual reader might be able to name a halfdozen of them.It's partly true that Dickens' style of writing attracted audiences from all walks of life.It's partly that his writings rode a wave of social, political and scientific progress.But it's also that he rewrote the culture of literature and put himself at the center.No one will ever know what mix of talent, ambition, energy and luck made Dickens such a distinguished writer.But as the 200th anniversary of his birth approaches, it is possible — and important for our own culture — to understand how he made himself a lasting one.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了英国著名作家查尔斯·狄更斯及其作品是如何奠定他在英国文学中的地位的。
1.Which of the following best describes British novels in the 18th century?
A．They were difficult to understand.
B．They were popular among the rich.
C．They were seen as nearly worthless.
D．They were written mostly by women.
解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“Novels, for the most part, were looked upon as silly, immoral or just plain bad.”可知，那时小说被人们看作是愚蠢的、有悖道德的或糟糕透顶的。故选C项。
2．Dickens is compared with the Mona Lisa in the text to stress________.
A．his reputation in France
B．his interest in modern art
C．his success in publication
D．his importance in literature
解析：选D　推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“Removing him from the pantheon (名人堂) of English literature would make about as much sense as the Louvre selling off the Mona Lisa.”可知，把他从英国文学的名人堂移除就跟卢浮宫廉价出售《蒙娜丽莎》的感觉一样，可见狄更斯在英国文学史上的重要性，故D项正确。
3．What is the author's purpose in writing the text?
A．To remember a great writer.
B．To introduce an English novel.
C．To encourage studies on culture.
D．To promote values of the Victorian age.
解析：选A　写作意图题。本文通过对查尔斯·狄更斯及其作品在英国文学史上重要性的介绍来纪念查尔斯·狄更斯这位伟大的作家。
学习目标 ——题后把脉规律，练后得法理解更透
推理判断技法(10)——明确文章体裁，巧妙确定写作目的
写作意图题要求考生在理解文章主旨的基础上明白作者的言外之意，找到作者的写作意图。题干中常有purpose, in order to等词。不同体裁的文章可能有不同的写作目的。
要做好写作目的题，考生必须先弄清楚文章的体裁，因为不同的文体写作目的是不同的。
体裁
写作目的
广告
推销某种产品或某种服务，或是通过影片、电视节目、旅游景点等的介绍以吸引更多的观众、读者或游客等
说明文
向人们展示某物的用途或制作过程
研究报告
向人们展示某种研究结果
议论文
论述一个道理或表达一个观点
记叙文
向人们分享经历、叙述一件事情或表达感情等

本文是一篇记叙文，写于查尔斯·狄更斯诞辰200周年前夕，由此可知作者写本文是为了纪念查尔斯·狄更斯这位伟大的作家。由此得出第3题答案。