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2020高考英语新增分方案大一轮人教新课改省份专用讲义：选修6Unit5Thepowerofnature
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Unit 5 The power of nature
一、课前基础自查
(一)分类记单词——省时高效
Ⅰ.阅读单词(知其意)
1．diagram n. 图解；图表；示意图
2．volcano n. 火山
3．ash n. 灰；灰末
4．hurricane n. 飓风；风暴
5．questionnaire n. 问卷；调查表
6．sample n. 样品；样本
7．database n. 数据库；资料库
8．fountain vi. & vt. 泉水般地喷出或涌出
n. 喷泉；源泉
9．helmet n. 头盔
10．boot n. 靴子
11．bungalow n. 平房；小屋
12．typhoon n. 台风
13．thunderstorm n. 雷暴
14．document n. 文件；证件
15．rainbow n. 彩虹
16．balcony n. 阳台
Ⅱ.重点单词(写其形)
1．wave n. 波浪；波涛
vi. 波动；起伏；挥手
2．alongside adv. 在旁边；沿着边
prep. 在……旁边；沿着……的边
3．potential n. 潜在性；可能性；潜能
adj. 可能的；潜在的
4．candidate n. 候选人；候补者
5．precious adj. 贵重的；珍贵的
6．shoot vt. 射中；射伤
7．shot n. 射击；枪炮声
8．sweat n. 汗
vi. 出汗
9．tremble vi. 摇晃；摇动；颤抖
10．panic vi. & vt. 惊慌
n. 惊慌；恐慌
11．guarantee vt. 保证；担保
12．arouse vt. 激发；唤醒
Ⅲ.拓展单词(通其变)
1．equipment n．设备；装备→equip v．配备；装备
2．appoint vt.任命；委派→appointment n．任命；约定
3．evaluate vt.评估；评价；估计→evaluation n．评估
4．absolute adj.绝对的；完全的→absolutely adv.绝对地；完全地
5．suit n．一套外衣；套装vt.适合；使适宜→suitable adj.适当的；相配的
6．erupt vi.(指火山)爆发；突然发生→eruption n．火山爆发；(战争等)爆发
7．actual adj.实在的；实际的→actually adv.实际地
8．novelist n．小说家→novel n．小说adj.新奇的
9．unconscious adj.失去知觉的；未察觉的→conscious adj.有知觉的；有意识的→consciously adv.有意识地
10．anxious adj.忧虑的；不安的；渴望的→anxiously adv.不安地→anxiety n．担心；焦虑；渴望
11．appreciation n．欣赏；感激；感谢；鉴赏→appreciate vt.欣赏；感激
12．fog n．雾；烟雾→foggy adj.有雾的；模糊的
13．uncomfortable adj.不舒服的；不舒适的→comfortable adj.自在的；舒适的→comfort vt.使安慰
14．diverse adj.多种多样的；不同的→diversity n．多种多样；多样性
15．bathe vi.洗澡；游泳→bath n．洗澡；沐浴
[语境活用]
1．In our office, Jim is an absolutely (absolute) brilliant expert in computers, and he always solves the complex problems in a few minutes.
2．It helps children to develop an appreciation (appreciate) of poetry and literature.
3．I felt uncomfortable (comfortable) in my stomach because I ate too much.
4．He was appointed as manager of the company.But to everyone's surprise, he didn't accept the appointment.(appoint)
5．He was anxious to leave and he could not hide his anxiety.(anxious)
6．People from diverse cultures hold different understanding on the play and this diversity of opinions make it hard to reach an agreement at the meeting.(diverse)
7．Do you want to evaluate your intelligence？Just complete the evaluation from below, please.(evaluate)
8．Tom was badly hurt and still unconscious after the accident, but his wife was conscious and was smiling to us consciously.(conscious)
(二)练中记短语——记牢用活
写准记牢
语境活用(选用左栏短语填空)
1.burn_to_the_ground 全部焚毁
2．make_one's_way 前往
3．be_suitable_for 适合；适于
4．make_up 组成；构成；编造
5．get_close_to 靠近
6．glance_through 匆匆看一遍
7．be_home_to_... 为……之栖息地/原产地
8．be_rewarded_with 得到……回报/奖赏
9．vary_from_..._to_... 由……到……不等
10．give_birth_to 生产；产生
11．have_a_gift_for 有……的天赋
1.Because of a big fire, the house was burnt_to_the_ground.
2．Having admired the beautiful view, she began to make_her_way down the mountain.
3．Though he is young, he has_a_gift_for learning foreign languages.
4．Opinions on this matter vary_from person to person, so it is hard for us to make the final decision.
5．The Rockies are_home_to bears and mountain lions.
6．We were all delighted that Nancy gave_birth_to a baby boy last night.
7．With an attractive album lying on the desk, he asked if he might glance_through it.
(三)仿写明句式——以用为本
教材原句
句式解读
句式仿写
1.Yet, however weak we are, we are not completely powerless.
然而，无论我们多么脆弱，我们并不是完全无能为力。
however引导让步状语，意为“无论多么……”，可用no matter how替换。
无论我们距离有多远，我们都感觉近在咫尺。
However_far_away_we_are,_we feel close to each other.
2. ... but this being my first experience, I stayed at the top and watched them.
……但我是第一次经历这样的事，所以留在山顶上观察他们。
独立主格结构在句中作原因状语。
他站在窗边，阳光洒在他的脸上。
He stood at the window, the_sun_shining_on_his_face.
3.It is said that this boy, who had a great gift for languages and persuasion ...
据说这个男孩具有很强的语言天赋和说服力……
It is said that ... “据说……”，it为形式主语，that引导主语从句。
(2018·北京高考书面表达)据说中国的茶文化要追溯到5 000年前。
It_is_said_that Chinese tea culture dates back to 5,000 years ago.
二、课堂重点深化
1．appoint vt.任命；委派；约定
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①Yesterday, Sam was appointed as manager of the engineering department.
②You can put the books in the appointed (appoint) place, and other participants can have free access to them.
③I have made an appointment (appoint) with him, but I need to change it.
④He was appointed to_solve (solve) the problem of environmental pollution.
[系统归纳]
(1)appoint sb. as ... 任命某人为……
appoint sb. to do sth. 委派某人做某事
(2)appointed adj. 约定的
(3)appointment n. 任命；约定
make an appointment with sb. 与某人做约定
keep/break an appointment 守/违(爽)约
[重点强化]
佳句时时写
⑤一个守时的人有守约的习惯，从不违约。
A punctual person is in the habit of keeping_an_appointment and never breaks_an_appointment.
2．suit n．一套外衣；套装vt.适合；使适宜
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①A good teacher suits his lessons to the age of his pupils.
②Firstly, because my spoken English is fluent, I think I am very suited (suit) for this job.
③You will complete at least one manuscript (手稿) suitable to_hand (hand) in to a publisher by the time you finish our course.
一句多译
他不适合这份工作，两周后就离职了。
④He_wasn't_suited_for_the_job and left after two weeks.(suited)
⑤The_job_wasn't_suitable_for_him and he left after two weeks.(suitable)
⑥The_job_didn't_suit_him and he left after two weeks.(suit)
[系统归纳]
(1)suit ...to ... 使……适合……
(2)suited adj. 适合的(作表语)
be suited for/to sth. (某人)适合某物
(3)suitable adj. 适当的；相配的
be suitable for sb. (某物)适合某人
be suitable to do sth. 适合做某事
[重点强化]
用法条条清(suit/fit/match)
The hat doesn't ⑦suit her, for one thing it doesn't ⑧fit because of its size; for another its color doesn't ⑨match her charming face.
佳句时时写
⑩(2016·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)如果不方便，请告诉我什么时间最适合你。
If not, let me know what_time_suits_you_best.
[名师指津] suit多指合乎需要、口味、性格、款式等； 而fit多指大小、形状的合适；match多指色调、形状、性质等方面的搭配。
3．anxious adj.忧虑的；不安的
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①The drought had lasted several months, which made farmers anxious (anxiety)．
②He was anxious to_know (know) what had happened.
③Jack still can't help being anxious about his job interview.
一句多译
我们焦急地等待她平安到达的消息。
④We waited with_anxiety for the news of her safe arrival.
⑤We waited anxiously for the news of her safe arrival.
[系统归纳]
(1)be anxious 为……担心/担忧
be anxious to do sth. 渴望做某事
(2)anxiety n. 担心；焦虑；渴望
with anxiety＝anxiously 焦虑地；焦急地
[重点强化]
佳句时时写
⑥别人告诉我辅导中心可以给学生提供帮助，我渴望从您那儿得到一些帮助。
I was told the Learning Center provides help for students and I'm_anxious_to_get_help_from_you.
4．panic n．惊慌；恐慌vi.&vt.(使)惊慌/恐慌
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①Not only do online rumors cause people in panic, but they disturb public order.
②Tom panicked at the sound of explosion and his wife also got into a panic.
③Hearing the gun, the deer was_panicked (panic) into running straight for the headlights.
[系统归纳]
(1)in panic 惊慌失措地
get into a panic 陷入恐慌
(2)panic sb. into doing sth. 使某人惊慌地做某事
[重点强化]
佳句时时写
④当你处于紧急情况时，不要惊慌。
When you are in a tight situation, don't_panic.
[名师指津] 注意panic的过去式和过去分词都是“panicked”。
5．guarantee v．保证；担保n.保证；担保；保修单
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①He guarantees to_pay (pay) off his debts on time, no matter what happens.
②The digital camera in our shop is of high quality. If there should be something wrong with it while it is still under guarantee, we would repair it at our expense.
[系统归纳]
(1)guarantee to do sth. 保证做某事
guarantee sb. sth. 保证某人某事
(2)under guarantee 在保修期内
give sb. a guarantee that ... 向某人保证……
[重点强化]
佳句时时写
③你能向我保证工作会按时完成吗？
Can you give_me_a_guarantee_that the work will be finished on time?
僻义牢牢记
④To borrow a large amount of money, he had to offer his house as a guarantee.抵押品
1．make one's way前往
[系统归纳]
fight one's way 奋力前进
lose one's way 迷路
feel one's way 摸索前进
push one's way 挤出来
wind one's way 蜿蜒前进
[重点强化]
补全句子
①Look! Many children are_making_their_way to the beach.
看！很多孩子正往海滩走去。
②It was so foggy that we had to feel_our_way_home.
雾这么大，我们只好摸索着回家。
③A stream is winding_its_way through the valley into the river.
一条小溪蜿蜒着穿过山谷，流入这条河。
2．glance through匆匆看一遍；粗略地看
[系统归纳]
go through 通过；经受；仔细检查
get through 通过；做完；接通电话；熬过
look through 快速查看；浏览
see through 看穿；识破
[重点强化]
补全句子
①I have_looked_through_all_my_papers but I still can't find my notes.
我浏览了所有的文件，可还是找不到我的笔记。
②The manager was rushing to the airport so he_glanced_through_the_report the secretary had typed.
经理要急于去飞机场，所以他粗略地看了秘书打印的报告。
佳句时时写
③(2017·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)你最好在上课前做好充分的准备并简要了解唐朝的历史，这会使你容易地通过这节课。
You'd better make full preparations before class and have a brief understanding of the history of Tang Dynasty, which makes_it_easy_for_you_to_go_through_the_class.
3．vary from ...to ...由……到……不等
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①I like reading very much, especially the story books, varying from Chinese stories to English ones.
②Malaysia, a multiracial and multicultural country, is famous for its varieties (vary) of delicious food.
③As in China, the climate in Canada varies with the area.
④These toys vary in shape and color, attracting children's attention.
[系统归纳]
(1)vary in ... 在……(大小、形状等)上不同
vary with 随……变化/改变
(2)various adj. 各种各样的；多姿多彩的
(3)variety n. 种种；多样化
a wide variety of/varieties of 种种；各种各样的
[重点强化]
佳句时时写
⑤(2018·天津高考书面表达)除了常规训练外，训练日程包括参加各种各样的活动，例如参加一些全国竞赛。
The training schedule, apart from regular training, includes_joining_in_a_wide_variety_of/varieties_of/various_activities,_such as participating in some national competitions.
4．独立主格结构
[教材原句] The other two climbed down into the crater to collect some lava for later study, but this_being_my_first_experience,_I stayed at the top and watched them.
[自主体验]
①The guide leading (lead) the way, we had no trouble getting out of the forest.
②The task completed (complete), we had a global traveling.
③Such an able man to_help (help) you, you will surely succeed sooner or later.
④I heard that he got injured in the accident, my_heart_full_of_worry.
听说他在这起事故中受了伤，我内心充满了担忧。
[归纳点拨]
用法规则
独立主格结构的常用形式：
(1)逻辑主语＋现在分词
(2)逻辑主语＋过去分词
(3)逻辑主语＋动词不定式
(4)逻辑主语＋形容词/副词/名词/介词短语
注意事项
独立主格结构的逻辑主语与主句的主语不一致，它独立存在。该结构在句中一般作状语，表示时间、条件、原因、伴随状况等。
[佳句背诵]
①(增分要点句)Time permitting, I expect to have more spare time to spend with my friends so that we can have a better relationship.
②(增分要点句)Some falling behind, others would come and offer help.
5．“It is said that ...”句式
[教材原句] It_is_said_that this boy, who had a great gift for languages and persuasion, is the father of the Manchu people.
[自主体验]
①It is said that the new mayor will come into power next month.
→The new mayor is_said_to_come into power next month.
②It is said that carbon dioxide is heating the earth twice as quickly as previously feared.
→Carbon dioxide is_said_to_be_heating the earth twice as quickly as previously feared.
③It is said that the early European playingcards were designed for entertainment and education.
→The early European playingcards are_said_to_have_been_designed for entertainment and education.
④It_is_wellknown_that advertising is often the most effective method of promotion.
众所周知，广告通常是最有效的促销方法。
⑤It_is_hoped_that the terrible disease will soon be controlled.
人们希望这种可怕的疾病能很快得到控制。
⑥It_is_believed_that John will help us with some money.
大家都相信约翰会资助我们一些钱的。
[归纳点拨]
用法规则
(1)句式“It is said that ...＝Sb. is said to do sth.”，意为“据说……”。其中，不定式根据情况可用一般式、进行式或完成式。
(2)It is thought that ... 据认为……
It is believed that ... 人们相信……
It is reported that ... 据报道……
It is hoped that ... 人们希望……
It is wellknown that ... 众所周知……
注意事项
在该句型中it为形式主语，that引导主语从句。
[佳句背诵]
①(精彩开头句)It's wellknown that “Where there is a will, there is a way”．
②(增分要点句)(2018·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)It is believed that the movie will be not only meaningful but also interesting.
③(精彩收尾句)(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)It is hoped that these suggestions would be of great help to you.
本单元语篇话题与新课程主题语境“人与自然”中的“大自然的力量”子话题相对应
一、话题语素积累多一点
子话题——大自然的力量
(一)浅易词汇温一温
①active ②terrible ③concern ④danger
⑤development ⑥discover ⑦escape ⑧experiment
⑨fascinating ⑩trap ⑪panic ⑫flood
(二)生疏词汇记一记
①bubble v． 冒气泡 ②crack n． 裂缝
③distribute vt. 发放；分发 ④drought n. 干旱
⑤extinct adj. 灭绝的 ⑥formation n. 构成
⑦frighten vt. 使惊恐 ⑧inject v. 注射；注入
⑨issue v. 发布 ⑩landslide n. 山体滑坡
⑪layer n. 层 ⑫mudslide n. 泥石流
⑬occur v. 发生 ⑭predict vt. 预报；预言；预告
⑮sandstorm n. 沙尘暴 ⑯shortage n. 缺乏
⑰slippery adj. 滑的 ⑱threaten vt. 威胁
(三)常用词块忆一忆
①acid rain n． 酸雨
②economic losses 经济损失
③natural disaster 自然灾害
④rebuild one's home 重建家园
⑤stricken area 受灾地区
⑥warning level 警戒水位
⑦turn off 关闭
(四)写作佳句背一背
①The earthquake caused structural damage to most of the buildings in the town.
②Sometimes a smile is so powerful that it gives people suffering from disasters great courage.
③A severe earthquake destroyed almost everything, leaving badly damaged buildings.
④The country has provided food and clothes for the homeless people in the disasterstricken areas.
二、“分步写作”表达准一点
读后续写情节发展合理化
阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
One day my dad came back home in his truck and there was a cage in the back. Naturally I was curious, so I went towards the truck when I noticed that there was a small_little_goat that wasn't even an adult yet.
I asked my dad and he said that he bought the goat from his friend and decided to mention that he was going to kill it twenty minutes after he brought it home so that we would have_a_big_meal.
My sister was there too and she was strongly for my view. We found_out we got really mad at my dad and told him not to kill it. After about 10 minutes of complaining we finally convinced my dad not to kill it because we told him that there was no reason for him to kill the goat himself when he could just buy goat meat at a store.
My parents know some friends that we visit sometimes and their family really likes animals so we decided to give it to them. For about a month, they had the goat as a pet and they also had the same problems we had because the dad wanted to kill it and eat it but the rest of the family didn't want it to die. They also were able to persuade him not to do so. They ended up sending the goat to a family member's farm where it would grow up happily.
Another thing that has happened to influence my belief is that I have a neighbor that really likes hunting. One day he hunted a deer and brought the body home, but he decided to leave it outside his house for everyone to see. He just left it there as if it were some kind of award that he just won. Sadly little kids started to make fun of the body and pretended to ride on it. They laughed at it and felt no_problem with there being a dead deer just laying there.
注意：1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2．至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3．续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
4．续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Paragraph 1：
I felt sick by what was happening and left because of what I had just witnessed.
Paragraph 2：
It amazes me how we have changed from hunting to survive to hunting for sport.
[写作步骤]
第一步：速读全文
文本大意：作者一直认为将猎捕来的动物作为食物是不可取的，并且在家中经历了小羊的事件之后，作者从中得到了更多。
叙述意图：文章告诉我们要保护好自然界中的每个生灵。呼吁人们从我做起，保护动物。
第二步：细读全文
1．所给短文情景模式分析。
who
I, my dad, my sister, a neighbor, little kids
what
My dad wanted to kill a small little goat and we persuaded him not to do so. A neighbor hunted a deer and brought the body home.
when
one day
where
at home
why
There was no reason for him to kill the goat himself when he could just buy goat meat at a store.
2．对原文所提供的下划线词语进行分类。
★人物/动物：small little goat, animal, neighbor
★事件：have a big meal
★动作与心理描写：kill, find out, hunt, award, fun, no problem
第三步：精心谋篇
1．Paragraph 1：I felt sick by what was happening and left because of what I had just witnessed. 我对所发生的一切感到恶心，并因我刚刚目睹的一切而离开。
[情节分析] 从续写段首句及所给短文的结尾部分可知，故事要围绕作者对于虐待动物的厌恶情绪写起；同时也要考虑与下一段的衔接，即为了好玩而狩猎。
2．Paragraph 2：It amazes me how we have changed from hunting to survive to hunting for sport. 让我惊讶的是，我们是如何从为生存狩猎到为好玩而狩猎的。
[情节分析] 注意关键词hunting for sport，再根据所给短文中提到的作者保护动物的做法看，作者对于“hunting for sport”是持反对态度的。这里会呈现反对的理由：猎杀动物会造成动物灭绝；不要以为杀死一只动物就没有错。最后是呼吁人们从我做起，保护动物。
第四步：初写成文
Paragraph 1：
1．那里的大多数人看不出刚才发生的事情有什么问题。
The_majority_of the people there saw no problem with what was happening.
2．他们不认为自己做错了，也不应该为此受责备。
They didn't think they were doing wrong and that they were to_blame_for that.
3．一个月后，我发现邻居的女儿当长大时想去打猎，因为她觉得这很“有趣”，这使我很烦恼。
A month later, I found out that my neighbors' daughter wanted to hunt when_she_got_older because she thought it was “fun”， and this bothered me greatly.
Paragraph 2：
4．我只是觉得没有任何理由为了好玩而杀死一个动物。
I just don't think there is any reason to kill a living thing for_fun.
5．这只会导致人们猎杀动物，甚至小山羊也会濒临灭绝。
This just leads to people hunting_animals,_and even the small little goat is endangered.
6．人们开始认为，只要不是人，杀死一条生命就没有错。
People start to think that there's nothing wrong with killing a life as_long_as_it's_not_a_human.
7．如果我请求你做一件事，那就是对动物持开明的态度，而不仅仅是对人类。
If there's one thing I ask you to do, it's to be_openminded_towards animals not just humans.
8．不要为了好玩而杀害动物。
Don't kill for_sport.
第五步：润色升级
1．用定语从句改写要点3。
A_month_later,_I_found_out_that_my_neighbors'_daughter_wanted_to_hunt_when_she_got_older_because_she_thought_it_was_“fun”，_which_bothered_me_greatly.
2．用because合并要点5和要点6。
This_just_leads_to_people_hunting_animals,_and_even_the_small_little_goat_is_endangered_because_people_start_to_think_that_there's_nothing_wrong_with_killing_a_life_as_long_as_it's_not_a_human.
3．用高级词汇替换要点7中的ask。
ask→beg
第六步：复查定稿
Paragraph 1：
I felt sick by what was happening and left because of what I had just witnessed. The majority of the people there saw no_problem with what was happening. They didn't think they were doing wrong and that they were to blame for that. A month later, I found_out that my neighbors' daughter wanted to hunt when she got older because she thought it was “fun”， which bothered me greatly.
Paragraph 2：
It amazes me how we have changed from hunting to survive to hunting for sport. I just don't think there is any reason to kill a living thing for fun. This just leads to people hunting animals,_and even the small_little_goat is endangered because people start to think that there's nothing wrong with killing a life as long as it's not a human. If there's one thing I beg you to do, it's to be openminded towards animals not just humans and don't kill for sport.
一、复现单元考点——增强备考信心
Ⅰ.高考中的语法填空
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Ten years after my chess class with Ashley, I'm still putting to use what he taught me: The absolute (absolutely)most important skill that you learn when you play chess is how to make good decisions.
2．(2017·浙江高考)Alia Baker is a librarian in Iraq. Her library used to be a meeting place for all who loved books and liked to share knowledge. They discussed various(vary) matters all over the world.
3．(2015·陕西高考)Firstly, because my spoken English is fluent, I think this job suits (suitable) me well.
4．(2013·福建高考)The son, well dressed, waves (wave) proudly in the middle while the father behind bends forward to hold the jacket and the mother in front rolls out the carpet, sweating.
5．(2013·北京高考)Just like the man in the picture, instead of the big fish he wishes for, he actually (actual) catches a small one.
6．(2009·辽宁高考)A volcanic eruption (erupt) in Iceland has sent ash across northern Europe.
Ⅱ.高考中的完形填空
(选用anxious, bathed, appointed填空)
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ完形填空)I was thrilled! I arrived early at Byron Bay where we were supposed to meet. The bay was __45__ in sunshine, and there was a group of kayakers around 150m off the shore.bathed
2．(2015·重庆高考完形填空)“I hope I did the right thing, Mom，” Alice said. “I saw a cat, all bloody but alive. I carried it to the vet's (宠物医院), and was asked to make payment immediately. As I couldn't reach anyone at the phone number on the cat's tag (标牌), I had to pay the bill.”
In the following days, the owner still couldn't be contacted. Alice paid the vet to continue treatment. I grew__22__： What if the family had simply left the cat behind？anxious
3．(2014·安徽高考完形填空)I told her that I couldn't put her to that trouble, but she brushed aside my protests (反对). She asked me where I was staying and next morning she was waiting at my apartment at the__51__time to take me to Disney World.appointed
二、复现话题词汇——提高阅读准度
新高考下的命题新视角：人类在大自然面前是渺小的。然而，人类在自然灾害面前体现出的精神是“团结一致”的正能量，这种“团结一致，勇往直前”的精神让我们在面对灾难时变得更加强大。高考也会围绕此类话题进行命题，以弘扬正能量。
[话题感悟]
学习目标 ——语篇复现词汇，活学活用记忆更深
(加蓝词汇为本单元话题词汇，读文时请揣摩其用法)
[1]The US government has recently helped people learn more about the dangers of earthquakes by publishing a map. This map shows the chances of an earthquake in each part of the country. The areas of the map where earthquakes are most likely to occur are called earthquake belts. The government is spending a great deal of money and is working hard to help to discover the answers to these two questions：
[2]Can we predict earthquakes?
[3]Can we control earthquakes?
[4]To answer the first question, scientists are looking very closely at the most active fault (断层) systems in the country, such as the San Andreas fault in California. A fault is a break between two sections of the earth's surface. These breaks between sections are the places where earthquakes occur. Scientists look at the faults for changes which might show that an earthquake was about to occur. But it will probably be many years before we can predict earthquakes correctly. And the control of earthquakes is even farther away.
[5]However, there have been some interesting developments in the field of controlling earthquakes. The most interesting development concerns the Rocky Mountain Arsenal earthquakes. Here water was put into a layer of rocks 4,000 metres below the surface of the ground.Shortly after this injection (注射) of water, there was a small number of earthquakes. Scientists have decided that the water which was injected into the rocks worked like oil on each other.
[6]When the water “oiled” the fault, the fault became slippery and the energy of an earthquake was given out. Scientists are still experimenting at the site of these earthquakes. They have realized that there is a connection between the injection of the water and the earthquake activity. They have suggested that it might be possible to use this knowledge to prevent very big, dangerous earthquakes, that is, scientists could inject some kind of fluid like water into faults and change one big earthquake into a number of small, harmless earthquakes.
语篇解读：为了提高人们对地震的防范意识，美国政府加大了在防震、预测方面的投入，他们甚至在努力采取措施控制地震的发生。
1．Earthquakes belts are_________.
A．maps that show where earthquakes are likely to occur
B．zones with a high probability of earthquakes
C．breaks between two sections of the earth's surface
D．the two layers of earth along a fault
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第一段的第三句可知，地震多发地带被称为earthquake belts。
2．The San Andreas fault is_________.
A．an active fault system
B．a place where earthquakes have been predicted correctly
C．a place where earthquakes have been controlled
D．at the foot of the Rocky Mountain
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第四段首句可知，该断层是比较活跃的断层系统。
3．What did scientists learn about earthquakes at the Rocky Mountain Arsenal?
A．They occur at about 4,000 metres below ground level.
B．The injection of water into earthquake faults prevents earthquakes from occurring.
C．They are usually caused by the oil in the faults.
D．Harmful earthquakes could be prevented by causing harmless earthquakes.
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据最后一段尾句可知，科学家通过向断层注入水之类的液体可以把危害的地震转变成若干个无害的地震。
4．What can be said about the experiments at the Rocky Mountain Arsenal?
A．They have no practical value in earthquake prevention.
B．They may have practical value in earthquake prevention.
C．They are certain to have practical value in earthquake prevention.
D．Nothing is told about their practical value in earthquake prevention.
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据科学家的试验，通过向断裂带注水可以引发小地震，从而使地震的能量得到释放，因此也就降低了大地震爆发的可能。
学习目标 ——题后把脉规律，练后得法理解更透
细节理解技法(8)——两步攻克事实询问题
事实询问题，这类试题通常以疑问词what/who/when/where/why/how引导的特殊疑问句，就文章中某一词语、某一句子、某一段落或某一具体细节和事实进行提问。
解答此类试题的两个步骤：(1)首先要弄清题目和每一个选项的含义；(2)然后按题目要求寻找与之相关的细节，正确估计答案来源。同时要注意题目和文章中的暗示。
例如上文第3小题，根据文章最后一段的表述，可知D项符合题意。
一、课前基础自查
(一)分类记单词——省时高效
Ⅰ.阅读单词(知其意)
1．diagram n. 图解；图表；示意图
2．volcano n. 火山
3．ash n. 灰；灰末
4．hurricane n. 飓风；风暴
5．questionnaire n. 问卷；调查表
6．sample n. 样品；样本
7．database n. 数据库；资料库
8．fountain vi. & vt. 泉水般地喷出或涌出
n. 喷泉；源泉
9．helmet n. 头盔
10．boot n. 靴子
11．bungalow n. 平房；小屋
12．typhoon n. 台风
13．thunderstorm n. 雷暴
14．document n. 文件；证件
15．rainbow n. 彩虹
16．balcony n. 阳台
Ⅱ.重点单词(写其形)
1．wave n. 波浪；波涛
vi. 波动；起伏；挥手
2．alongside adv. 在旁边；沿着边
prep. 在……旁边；沿着……的边
3．potential n. 潜在性；可能性；潜能
adj. 可能的；潜在的
4．candidate n. 候选人；候补者
5．precious adj. 贵重的；珍贵的
6．shoot vt. 射中；射伤
7．shot n. 射击；枪炮声
8．sweat n. 汗
vi. 出汗
9．tremble vi. 摇晃；摇动；颤抖
10．panic vi. & vt. 惊慌
n. 惊慌；恐慌
11．guarantee vt. 保证；担保
12．arouse vt. 激发；唤醒
Ⅲ.拓展单词(通其变)
1．equipment n．设备；装备→equip v．配备；装备
2．appoint vt.任命；委派→appointment n．任命；约定
3．evaluate vt.评估；评价；估计→evaluation n．评估
4．absolute adj.绝对的；完全的→absolutely adv.绝对地；完全地
5．suit n．一套外衣；套装vt.适合；使适宜→suitable adj.适当的；相配的
6．erupt vi.(指火山)爆发；突然发生→eruption n．火山爆发；(战争等)爆发
7．actual adj.实在的；实际的→actually adv.实际地
8．novelist n．小说家→novel n．小说adj.新奇的
9．unconscious adj.失去知觉的；未察觉的→conscious adj.有知觉的；有意识的→consciously adv.有意识地
10．anxious adj.忧虑的；不安的；渴望的→anxiously adv.不安地→anxiety n．担心；焦虑；渴望
11．appreciation n．欣赏；感激；感谢；鉴赏→appreciate vt.欣赏；感激
12．fog n．雾；烟雾→foggy adj.有雾的；模糊的
13．uncomfortable adj.不舒服的；不舒适的→comfortable adj.自在的；舒适的→comfort vt.使安慰
14．diverse adj.多种多样的；不同的→diversity n．多种多样；多样性
15．bathe vi.洗澡；游泳→bath n．洗澡；沐浴
[语境活用]
1．In our office, Jim is an absolutely (absolute) brilliant expert in computers, and he always solves the complex problems in a few minutes.
2．It helps children to develop an appreciation (appreciate) of poetry and literature.
3．I felt uncomfortable (comfortable) in my stomach because I ate too much.
4．He was appointed as manager of the company.But to everyone's surprise, he didn't accept the appointment.(appoint)
5．He was anxious to leave and he could not hide his anxiety.(anxious)
6．People from diverse cultures hold different understanding on the play and this diversity of opinions make it hard to reach an agreement at the meeting.(diverse)
7．Do you want to evaluate your intelligence？Just complete the evaluation from below, please.(evaluate)
8．Tom was badly hurt and still unconscious after the accident, but his wife was conscious and was smiling to us consciously.(conscious)
(二)练中记短语——记牢用活
写准记牢
语境活用(选用左栏短语填空)
1.burn_to_the_ground 全部焚毁
2．make_one's_way 前往
3．be_suitable_for 适合；适于
4．make_up 组成；构成；编造
5．get_close_to 靠近
6．glance_through 匆匆看一遍
7．be_home_to_... 为……之栖息地/原产地
8．be_rewarded_with 得到……回报/奖赏
9．vary_from_..._to_... 由……到……不等
10．give_birth_to 生产；产生
11．have_a_gift_for 有……的天赋
1.Because of a big fire, the house was burnt_to_the_ground.
2．Having admired the beautiful view, she began to make_her_way down the mountain.
3．Though he is young, he has_a_gift_for learning foreign languages.
4．Opinions on this matter vary_from person to person, so it is hard for us to make the final decision.
5．The Rockies are_home_to bears and mountain lions.
6．We were all delighted that Nancy gave_birth_to a baby boy last night.
7．With an attractive album lying on the desk, he asked if he might glance_through it.
(三)仿写明句式——以用为本
教材原句
句式解读
句式仿写
1.Yet, however weak we are, we are not completely powerless.
然而，无论我们多么脆弱，我们并不是完全无能为力。
however引导让步状语，意为“无论多么……”，可用no matter how替换。
无论我们距离有多远，我们都感觉近在咫尺。
However_far_away_we_are,_we feel close to each other.
2. ... but this being my first experience, I stayed at the top and watched them.
……但我是第一次经历这样的事，所以留在山顶上观察他们。
独立主格结构在句中作原因状语。
他站在窗边，阳光洒在他的脸上。
He stood at the window, the_sun_shining_on_his_face.
3.It is said that this boy, who had a great gift for languages and persuasion ...
据说这个男孩具有很强的语言天赋和说服力……
It is said that ... “据说……”，it为形式主语，that引导主语从句。
(2018·北京高考书面表达)据说中国的茶文化要追溯到5 000年前。
It_is_said_that Chinese tea culture dates back to 5,000 years ago.
二、课堂重点深化
1．appoint vt.任命；委派；约定
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①Yesterday, Sam was appointed as manager of the engineering department.
②You can put the books in the appointed (appoint) place, and other participants can have free access to them.
③I have made an appointment (appoint) with him, but I need to change it.
④He was appointed to_solve (solve) the problem of environmental pollution.
[系统归纳]
(1)appoint sb. as ... 任命某人为……
appoint sb. to do sth. 委派某人做某事
(2)appointed adj. 约定的
(3)appointment n. 任命；约定
make an appointment with sb. 与某人做约定
keep/break an appointment 守/违(爽)约
[重点强化]
佳句时时写
⑤一个守时的人有守约的习惯，从不违约。
A punctual person is in the habit of keeping_an_appointment and never breaks_an_appointment.
2．suit n．一套外衣；套装vt.适合；使适宜
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①A good teacher suits his lessons to the age of his pupils.
②Firstly, because my spoken English is fluent, I think I am very suited (suit) for this job.
③You will complete at least one manuscript (手稿) suitable to_hand (hand) in to a publisher by the time you finish our course.
一句多译
他不适合这份工作，两周后就离职了。
④He_wasn't_suited_for_the_job and left after two weeks.(suited)
⑤The_job_wasn't_suitable_for_him and he left after two weeks.(suitable)
⑥The_job_didn't_suit_him and he left after two weeks.(suit)
[系统归纳]
(1)suit ...to ... 使……适合……
(2)suited adj. 适合的(作表语)
be suited for/to sth. (某人)适合某物
(3)suitable adj. 适当的；相配的
be suitable for sb. (某物)适合某人
be suitable to do sth. 适合做某事
[重点强化]
用法条条清(suit/fit/match)
The hat doesn't ⑦suit her, for one thing it doesn't ⑧fit because of its size; for another its color doesn't ⑨match her charming face.
佳句时时写
⑩(2016·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)如果不方便，请告诉我什么时间最适合你。
If not, let me know what_time_suits_you_best.
[名师指津] suit多指合乎需要、口味、性格、款式等； 而fit多指大小、形状的合适；match多指色调、形状、性质等方面的搭配。
3．anxious adj.忧虑的；不安的
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①The drought had lasted several months, which made farmers anxious (anxiety)．
②He was anxious to_know (know) what had happened.
③Jack still can't help being anxious about his job interview.
一句多译
我们焦急地等待她平安到达的消息。
④We waited with_anxiety for the news of her safe arrival.
⑤We waited anxiously for the news of her safe arrival.
[系统归纳]
(1)be anxious 为……担心/担忧
be anxious to do sth. 渴望做某事
(2)anxiety n. 担心；焦虑；渴望
with anxiety＝anxiously 焦虑地；焦急地
[重点强化]
佳句时时写
⑥别人告诉我辅导中心可以给学生提供帮助，我渴望从您那儿得到一些帮助。
I was told the Learning Center provides help for students and I'm_anxious_to_get_help_from_you.
4．panic n．惊慌；恐慌vi.&vt.(使)惊慌/恐慌
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①Not only do online rumors cause people in panic, but they disturb public order.
②Tom panicked at the sound of explosion and his wife also got into a panic.
③Hearing the gun, the deer was_panicked (panic) into running straight for the headlights.
[系统归纳]
(1)in panic 惊慌失措地
get into a panic 陷入恐慌
(2)panic sb. into doing sth. 使某人惊慌地做某事
[重点强化]
佳句时时写
④当你处于紧急情况时，不要惊慌。
When you are in a tight situation, don't_panic.
[名师指津] 注意panic的过去式和过去分词都是“panicked”。
5．guarantee v．保证；担保n.保证；担保；保修单
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①He guarantees to_pay (pay) off his debts on time, no matter what happens.
②The digital camera in our shop is of high quality. If there should be something wrong with it while it is still under guarantee, we would repair it at our expense.
[系统归纳]
(1)guarantee to do sth. 保证做某事
guarantee sb. sth. 保证某人某事
(2)under guarantee 在保修期内
give sb. a guarantee that ... 向某人保证……
[重点强化]
佳句时时写
③你能向我保证工作会按时完成吗？
Can you give_me_a_guarantee_that the work will be finished on time?
僻义牢牢记
④To borrow a large amount of money, he had to offer his house as a guarantee.抵押品
1．make one's way前往
[系统归纳]
fight one's way 奋力前进
lose one's way 迷路
feel one's way 摸索前进
push one's way 挤出来
wind one's way 蜿蜒前进
[重点强化]
补全句子
①Look! Many children are_making_their_way to the beach.
看！很多孩子正往海滩走去。
②It was so foggy that we had to feel_our_way_home.
雾这么大，我们只好摸索着回家。
③A stream is winding_its_way through the valley into the river.
一条小溪蜿蜒着穿过山谷，流入这条河。
2．glance through匆匆看一遍；粗略地看
[系统归纳]
go through 通过；经受；仔细检查
get through 通过；做完；接通电话；熬过
look through 快速查看；浏览
see through 看穿；识破
[重点强化]
补全句子
①I have_looked_through_all_my_papers but I still can't find my notes.
我浏览了所有的文件，可还是找不到我的笔记。
②The manager was rushing to the airport so he_glanced_through_the_report the secretary had typed.
经理要急于去飞机场，所以他粗略地看了秘书打印的报告。
佳句时时写
③(2017·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)你最好在上课前做好充分的准备并简要了解唐朝的历史，这会使你容易地通过这节课。
You'd better make full preparations before class and have a brief understanding of the history of Tang Dynasty, which makes_it_easy_for_you_to_go_through_the_class.
3．vary from ...to ...由……到……不等
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①I like reading very much, especially the story books, varying from Chinese stories to English ones.
②Malaysia, a multiracial and multicultural country, is famous for its varieties (vary) of delicious food.
③As in China, the climate in Canada varies with the area.
④These toys vary in shape and color, attracting children's attention.
[系统归纳]
(1)vary in ... 在……(大小、形状等)上不同
vary with 随……变化/改变
(2)various adj. 各种各样的；多姿多彩的
(3)variety n. 种种；多样化
a wide variety of/varieties of 种种；各种各样的
[重点强化]
佳句时时写
⑤(2018·天津高考书面表达)除了常规训练外，训练日程包括参加各种各样的活动，例如参加一些全国竞赛。
The training schedule, apart from regular training, includes_joining_in_a_wide_variety_of/varieties_of/various_activities,_such as participating in some national competitions.
4．独立主格结构
[教材原句] The other two climbed down into the crater to collect some lava for later study, but this_being_my_first_experience,_I stayed at the top and watched them.
[自主体验]
①The guide leading (lead) the way, we had no trouble getting out of the forest.
②The task completed (complete), we had a global traveling.
③Such an able man to_help (help) you, you will surely succeed sooner or later.
④I heard that he got injured in the accident, my_heart_full_of_worry.
听说他在这起事故中受了伤，我内心充满了担忧。
[归纳点拨]
用法规则
独立主格结构的常用形式：
(1)逻辑主语＋现在分词
(2)逻辑主语＋过去分词
(3)逻辑主语＋动词不定式
(4)逻辑主语＋形容词/副词/名词/介词短语
注意事项
独立主格结构的逻辑主语与主句的主语不一致，它独立存在。该结构在句中一般作状语，表示时间、条件、原因、伴随状况等。
[佳句背诵]
①(增分要点句)Time permitting, I expect to have more spare time to spend with my friends so that we can have a better relationship.
②(增分要点句)Some falling behind, others would come and offer help.
5．“It is said that ...”句式
[教材原句] It_is_said_that this boy, who had a great gift for languages and persuasion, is the father of the Manchu people.
[自主体验]
①It is said that the new mayor will come into power next month.
→The new mayor is_said_to_come into power next month.
②It is said that carbon dioxide is heating the earth twice as quickly as previously feared.
→Carbon dioxide is_said_to_be_heating the earth twice as quickly as previously feared.
③It is said that the early European playingcards were designed for entertainment and education.
→The early European playingcards are_said_to_have_been_designed for entertainment and education.
④It_is_wellknown_that advertising is often the most effective method of promotion.
众所周知，广告通常是最有效的促销方法。
⑤It_is_hoped_that the terrible disease will soon be controlled.
人们希望这种可怕的疾病能很快得到控制。
⑥It_is_believed_that John will help us with some money.
大家都相信约翰会资助我们一些钱的。
[归纳点拨]
用法规则
(1)句式“It is said that ...＝Sb. is said to do sth.”，意为“据说……”。其中，不定式根据情况可用一般式、进行式或完成式。
(2)It is thought that ... 据认为……
It is believed that ... 人们相信……
It is reported that ... 据报道……
It is hoped that ... 人们希望……
It is wellknown that ... 众所周知……
注意事项
在该句型中it为形式主语，that引导主语从句。
[佳句背诵]
①(精彩开头句)It's wellknown that “Where there is a will, there is a way”．
②(增分要点句)(2018·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)It is believed that the movie will be not only meaningful but also interesting.
③(精彩收尾句)(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)It is hoped that these suggestions would be of great help to you.
本单元语篇话题与新课程主题语境“人与自然”中的“大自然的力量”子话题相对应
一、话题语素积累多一点
子话题——大自然的力量
(一)浅易词汇温一温
①active ②terrible ③concern ④danger
⑤development ⑥discover ⑦escape ⑧experiment
⑨fascinating ⑩trap ⑪panic ⑫flood
(二)生疏词汇记一记
①bubble v． 冒气泡 ②crack n． 裂缝
③distribute vt. 发放；分发 ④drought n. 干旱
⑤extinct adj. 灭绝的 ⑥formation n. 构成
⑦frighten vt. 使惊恐 ⑧inject v. 注射；注入
⑨issue v. 发布 ⑩landslide n. 山体滑坡
⑪layer n. 层 ⑫mudslide n. 泥石流
⑬occur v. 发生 ⑭predict vt. 预报；预言；预告
⑮sandstorm n. 沙尘暴 ⑯shortage n. 缺乏
⑰slippery adj. 滑的 ⑱threaten vt. 威胁
(三)常用词块忆一忆
①acid rain n． 酸雨
②economic losses 经济损失
③natural disaster 自然灾害
④rebuild one's home 重建家园
⑤stricken area 受灾地区
⑥warning level 警戒水位
⑦turn off 关闭
(四)写作佳句背一背
①The earthquake caused structural damage to most of the buildings in the town.
②Sometimes a smile is so powerful that it gives people suffering from disasters great courage.
③A severe earthquake destroyed almost everything, leaving badly damaged buildings.
④The country has provided food and clothes for the homeless people in the disasterstricken areas.
二、“分步写作”表达准一点
读后续写情节发展合理化
阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
One day my dad came back home in his truck and there was a cage in the back. Naturally I was curious, so I went towards the truck when I noticed that there was a small_little_goat that wasn't even an adult yet.
I asked my dad and he said that he bought the goat from his friend and decided to mention that he was going to kill it twenty minutes after he brought it home so that we would have_a_big_meal.
My sister was there too and she was strongly for my view. We found_out we got really mad at my dad and told him not to kill it. After about 10 minutes of complaining we finally convinced my dad not to kill it because we told him that there was no reason for him to kill the goat himself when he could just buy goat meat at a store.
My parents know some friends that we visit sometimes and their family really likes animals so we decided to give it to them. For about a month, they had the goat as a pet and they also had the same problems we had because the dad wanted to kill it and eat it but the rest of the family didn't want it to die. They also were able to persuade him not to do so. They ended up sending the goat to a family member's farm where it would grow up happily.
Another thing that has happened to influence my belief is that I have a neighbor that really likes hunting. One day he hunted a deer and brought the body home, but he decided to leave it outside his house for everyone to see. He just left it there as if it were some kind of award that he just won. Sadly little kids started to make fun of the body and pretended to ride on it. They laughed at it and felt no_problem with there being a dead deer just laying there.
注意：1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2．至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3．续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
4．续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Paragraph 1：
I felt sick by what was happening and left because of what I had just witnessed.
Paragraph 2：
It amazes me how we have changed from hunting to survive to hunting for sport.
[写作步骤]
第一步：速读全文
文本大意：作者一直认为将猎捕来的动物作为食物是不可取的，并且在家中经历了小羊的事件之后，作者从中得到了更多。
叙述意图：文章告诉我们要保护好自然界中的每个生灵。呼吁人们从我做起，保护动物。
第二步：细读全文
1．所给短文情景模式分析。
who
I, my dad, my sister, a neighbor, little kids
what
My dad wanted to kill a small little goat and we persuaded him not to do so. A neighbor hunted a deer and brought the body home.
when
one day
where
at home
why
There was no reason for him to kill the goat himself when he could just buy goat meat at a store.
2．对原文所提供的下划线词语进行分类。
★人物/动物：small little goat, animal, neighbor
★事件：have a big meal
★动作与心理描写：kill, find out, hunt, award, fun, no problem
第三步：精心谋篇
1．Paragraph 1：I felt sick by what was happening and left because of what I had just witnessed. 我对所发生的一切感到恶心，并因我刚刚目睹的一切而离开。
[情节分析] 从续写段首句及所给短文的结尾部分可知，故事要围绕作者对于虐待动物的厌恶情绪写起；同时也要考虑与下一段的衔接，即为了好玩而狩猎。
2．Paragraph 2：It amazes me how we have changed from hunting to survive to hunting for sport. 让我惊讶的是，我们是如何从为生存狩猎到为好玩而狩猎的。
[情节分析] 注意关键词hunting for sport，再根据所给短文中提到的作者保护动物的做法看，作者对于“hunting for sport”是持反对态度的。这里会呈现反对的理由：猎杀动物会造成动物灭绝；不要以为杀死一只动物就没有错。最后是呼吁人们从我做起，保护动物。
第四步：初写成文
Paragraph 1：
1．那里的大多数人看不出刚才发生的事情有什么问题。
The_majority_of the people there saw no problem with what was happening.
2．他们不认为自己做错了，也不应该为此受责备。
They didn't think they were doing wrong and that they were to_blame_for that.
3．一个月后，我发现邻居的女儿当长大时想去打猎，因为她觉得这很“有趣”，这使我很烦恼。
A month later, I found out that my neighbors' daughter wanted to hunt when_she_got_older because she thought it was “fun”， and this bothered me greatly.
Paragraph 2：
4．我只是觉得没有任何理由为了好玩而杀死一个动物。
I just don't think there is any reason to kill a living thing for_fun.
5．这只会导致人们猎杀动物，甚至小山羊也会濒临灭绝。
This just leads to people hunting_animals,_and even the small little goat is endangered.
6．人们开始认为，只要不是人，杀死一条生命就没有错。
People start to think that there's nothing wrong with killing a life as_long_as_it's_not_a_human.
7．如果我请求你做一件事，那就是对动物持开明的态度，而不仅仅是对人类。
If there's one thing I ask you to do, it's to be_openminded_towards animals not just humans.
8．不要为了好玩而杀害动物。
Don't kill for_sport.
第五步：润色升级
1．用定语从句改写要点3。
A_month_later,_I_found_out_that_my_neighbors'_daughter_wanted_to_hunt_when_she_got_older_because_she_thought_it_was_“fun”，_which_bothered_me_greatly.
2．用because合并要点5和要点6。
This_just_leads_to_people_hunting_animals,_and_even_the_small_little_goat_is_endangered_because_people_start_to_think_that_there's_nothing_wrong_with_killing_a_life_as_long_as_it's_not_a_human.
3．用高级词汇替换要点7中的ask。
ask→beg
第六步：复查定稿
Paragraph 1：
I felt sick by what was happening and left because of what I had just witnessed. The majority of the people there saw no_problem with what was happening. They didn't think they were doing wrong and that they were to blame for that. A month later, I found_out that my neighbors' daughter wanted to hunt when she got older because she thought it was “fun”， which bothered me greatly.
Paragraph 2：
It amazes me how we have changed from hunting to survive to hunting for sport. I just don't think there is any reason to kill a living thing for fun. This just leads to people hunting animals,_and even the small_little_goat is endangered because people start to think that there's nothing wrong with killing a life as long as it's not a human. If there's one thing I beg you to do, it's to be openminded towards animals not just humans and don't kill for sport.
一、复现单元考点——增强备考信心
Ⅰ.高考中的语法填空
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Ten years after my chess class with Ashley, I'm still putting to use what he taught me: The absolute (absolutely)most important skill that you learn when you play chess is how to make good decisions.
2．(2017·浙江高考)Alia Baker is a librarian in Iraq. Her library used to be a meeting place for all who loved books and liked to share knowledge. They discussed various(vary) matters all over the world.
3．(2015·陕西高考)Firstly, because my spoken English is fluent, I think this job suits (suitable) me well.
4．(2013·福建高考)The son, well dressed, waves (wave) proudly in the middle while the father behind bends forward to hold the jacket and the mother in front rolls out the carpet, sweating.
5．(2013·北京高考)Just like the man in the picture, instead of the big fish he wishes for, he actually (actual) catches a small one.
6．(2009·辽宁高考)A volcanic eruption (erupt) in Iceland has sent ash across northern Europe.
Ⅱ.高考中的完形填空
(选用anxious, bathed, appointed填空)
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ完形填空)I was thrilled! I arrived early at Byron Bay where we were supposed to meet. The bay was __45__ in sunshine, and there was a group of kayakers around 150m off the shore.bathed
2．(2015·重庆高考完形填空)“I hope I did the right thing, Mom，” Alice said. “I saw a cat, all bloody but alive. I carried it to the vet's (宠物医院), and was asked to make payment immediately. As I couldn't reach anyone at the phone number on the cat's tag (标牌), I had to pay the bill.”
In the following days, the owner still couldn't be contacted. Alice paid the vet to continue treatment. I grew__22__： What if the family had simply left the cat behind？anxious
3．(2014·安徽高考完形填空)I told her that I couldn't put her to that trouble, but she brushed aside my protests (反对). She asked me where I was staying and next morning she was waiting at my apartment at the__51__time to take me to Disney World.appointed
二、复现话题词汇——提高阅读准度
新高考下的命题新视角：人类在大自然面前是渺小的。然而，人类在自然灾害面前体现出的精神是“团结一致”的正能量，这种“团结一致，勇往直前”的精神让我们在面对灾难时变得更加强大。高考也会围绕此类话题进行命题，以弘扬正能量。
[话题感悟]
学习目标 ——语篇复现词汇，活学活用记忆更深
(加蓝词汇为本单元话题词汇，读文时请揣摩其用法)
[1]The US government has recently helped people learn more about the dangers of earthquakes by publishing a map. This map shows the chances of an earthquake in each part of the country. The areas of the map where earthquakes are most likely to occur are called earthquake belts. The government is spending a great deal of money and is working hard to help to discover the answers to these two questions：
[2]Can we predict earthquakes?
[3]Can we control earthquakes?
[4]To answer the first question, scientists are looking very closely at the most active fault (断层) systems in the country, such as the San Andreas fault in California. A fault is a break between two sections of the earth's surface. These breaks between sections are the places where earthquakes occur. Scientists look at the faults for changes which might show that an earthquake was about to occur. But it will probably be many years before we can predict earthquakes correctly. And the control of earthquakes is even farther away.
[5]However, there have been some interesting developments in the field of controlling earthquakes. The most interesting development concerns the Rocky Mountain Arsenal earthquakes. Here water was put into a layer of rocks 4,000 metres below the surface of the ground.Shortly after this injection (注射) of water, there was a small number of earthquakes. Scientists have decided that the water which was injected into the rocks worked like oil on each other.
[6]When the water “oiled” the fault, the fault became slippery and the energy of an earthquake was given out. Scientists are still experimenting at the site of these earthquakes. They have realized that there is a connection between the injection of the water and the earthquake activity. They have suggested that it might be possible to use this knowledge to prevent very big, dangerous earthquakes, that is, scientists could inject some kind of fluid like water into faults and change one big earthquake into a number of small, harmless earthquakes.
语篇解读：为了提高人们对地震的防范意识，美国政府加大了在防震、预测方面的投入，他们甚至在努力采取措施控制地震的发生。
1．Earthquakes belts are_________.
A．maps that show where earthquakes are likely to occur
B．zones with a high probability of earthquakes
C．breaks between two sections of the earth's surface
D．the two layers of earth along a fault
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第一段的第三句可知，地震多发地带被称为earthquake belts。
2．The San Andreas fault is_________.
A．an active fault system
B．a place where earthquakes have been predicted correctly
C．a place where earthquakes have been controlled
D．at the foot of the Rocky Mountain
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第四段首句可知，该断层是比较活跃的断层系统。
3．What did scientists learn about earthquakes at the Rocky Mountain Arsenal?
A．They occur at about 4,000 metres below ground level.
B．The injection of water into earthquake faults prevents earthquakes from occurring.
C．They are usually caused by the oil in the faults.
D．Harmful earthquakes could be prevented by causing harmless earthquakes.
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据最后一段尾句可知，科学家通过向断层注入水之类的液体可以把危害的地震转变成若干个无害的地震。
4．What can be said about the experiments at the Rocky Mountain Arsenal?
A．They have no practical value in earthquake prevention.
B．They may have practical value in earthquake prevention.
C．They are certain to have practical value in earthquake prevention.
D．Nothing is told about their practical value in earthquake prevention.
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据科学家的试验，通过向断裂带注水可以引发小地震，从而使地震的能量得到释放，因此也就降低了大地震爆发的可能。
学习目标 ——题后把脉规律，练后得法理解更透
细节理解技法(8)——两步攻克事实询问题
事实询问题，这类试题通常以疑问词what/who/when/where/why/how引导的特殊疑问句，就文章中某一词语、某一句子、某一段落或某一具体细节和事实进行提问。
解答此类试题的两个步骤：(1)首先要弄清题目和每一个选项的含义；(2)然后按题目要求寻找与之相关的细节，正确估计答案来源。同时要注意题目和文章中的暗示。
例如上文第3小题，根据文章最后一段的表述，可知D项符合题意。
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