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2020高考英语新增分方案大一轮人教新课改省份专用讲义：选修7Unit4Sharing
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Unit 4 Sharing
一、课前基础自查
(一)分类记单词——省时高效
Ⅰ.阅读单词(知其意)
1．fortnight n． 两星期
2．muddy adj. 泥泞的；泥土般的
3．textbook n. 教科书；课本
4．rectangle n. 矩形；长方形
5．rectangular adj. 长方形的；矩形的
6．broom n. 扫帚
7．sniff vt.& vi. 嗅；闻；用鼻子吸
8．interpreter n. 作口译的人
9．grill n. 烤架；大平底锅
vt. 烧烤；炙烤
10．evil n. 邪恶；罪恶
adj. 邪恶的
11．paperwork n. 文书工作
12．toast vt. 烤(面包等)；敬酒
n. 烤面包(片)；吐司面包；干杯
13．astronaut n. 宇航员；太空人
14．financial adj. 财务的；金融的；财政的
15.catalogue n． 目录
16．trunk n． 树干；躯干；大衣箱
17．economic adj. 经济的；经济学的
Ⅱ.重点单词(写其形)
1．platform n. 台；平台；讲台；(火车站的)月台
2．click vi.& vt. (使)发出咔嗒声
n. 咔嗒声
3．concept n. 观念；概念
4．relevant adj. 有关的；切题的
5．otherwise conj. 否则；不然
adv. 用别的方法；其他方面
6．purchase vt.& n. 买；购买
7．privilege n. 特权；特别优待
8．weekly adj.& adv. 每周(的)
9．remote adj. 遥远的；偏僻的
10．weed n. 杂草；野草
vt.& vi. 除杂草
Ⅲ.拓展单词(通其变)
1．adjust vi.& vt.调整；(使)适合→adjustable adj.可调整的→adjustment n．调整；调节；适应
2．participate vi.参与；参加→participation n．参加；参与→participant n．参与者；参加者
3．arrangement n．安排；排列→arrange v．安排；排列
4．donate vt.捐赠→donation n．捐赠；捐献→donator n．捐赠者
5．voluntary adj.自愿的；志愿的；无偿的→volunteer n．自(志)愿者 vi.自愿做
6．political adj.政治的；政党的→politics n．政治
7．distribute vt.分配；分发→distribution n．分配；分发；分布状态
8．security n．安全；保护；保障→secure vt.使安全 adj.安全的
9．operate vi.工作；运转 vt.操作→operation n．手术；运转；操作→operator n．操作人员
[语境活用]
1．The operator is operating the big machine according to the operation guidance.(operate)
2．We donate fund to the school every year.The donation is given to those who study best in exams.(donate)
3．The desks and chairs are adjustable and you can adjust them to the height of the students.The adjustment is not difficult to make.(adjust)
4．The volunteer said that he was willing to participate in the voluntary activity.(volunteer)
5．They encouraged the participants to participate in the singing performance after the contest and their participation gave the students much delight.(participate)
(二)练中记短语——记牢用活
写准记牢
语境活用(选用左栏短语填空)
1.dry_up (指河流、井等)干涸
2．dry_out_ (使浸水等之物)完全变干；干透
3．stick_out 突出；伸出
4．hear_from_ 接到……的信
5．(be)_dying_to 极想；渴望
6．be_relevant_to 与……有关
7．the_other_day 不久前的一天
8．come_across 偶然遇到
9．participate_in 参与/参加……
10．in_need 在困难中；在危急中
11．get_through 完成；接通电话；顺利通过
12．make_a_difference 对……有影响；起作用
1.John hung up his wet shirt in order to dry_it out.
2．The big river has dried_up because of drought for several months.
3．Faced with challenges, you should believe your courage will make_a_difference.
4．I am_dying_to know when you will visit our city.
5．Don't believe those who leave their friends when they are in trouble because “A friend in_need_is a friend indeed.”
6．I heard_from you the other day, which delighted me very much.
7．Participating_in_this club helps us to learn more about drama, and develop our selfconfidence and cultural qualities as well.
8．The beggar can't have been dead, for I saw him begging in the street the_other_day.
(三)仿写明句式——以用为本
教材原句
句式解读
句式仿写
1.To be honest, I doubt whether I'm making any difference to these boys' lives at all.
说实在的，我怀疑是否我教的课会让这些孩子的生活有所改变。
doubt whether ...“怀疑是否……”。
说实在的，我怀疑他们两天内能否完成这项艰巨的任务。
To be honest, I doubt_whether_they_will_finish_the_hard_task in two days.
2.We walked for two and a half hours to get there — first up a mountain to a ridge from where we had fantastic views ...
我们步行了两个半小时才到达那里——先是爬山，爬到山脊能看到奇妙的景色……
“介词＋关系副词”引导的定语从句。
那个男孩爬到了那栋建筑物的三楼，从那个地方他可以看得更远。
The boy climbed into the third storey of the building, from_where_he_could_look_farther_into_the_distance.
3.The gift you give is not something your loved one keeps but a voluntary contribution towards the lives of people who really need it.
你送的礼物不是给你所爱的人留念的，而是给那些的确有生活需要的人的一项志愿性捐助。
not ...but ...“不是……而是……”。
(2018·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)不是这部电影，而是影片中播放的内容才真正有价值。
It_is_not_the_movie_but what is shown in it that really counts.
二、课堂重点深化
1．adjust vi.& vt.调整；(使)适合；(使)适应
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①It took him quite a while to adjust to living (live) alone after his parents passed away.
②We have made an adjustment (adjust) to our price and give you a special discount of 3 percent.
③Having_adjusted (adjust) themselves to Earth's gravity upon landing for about 50 minutes, the three astronauts came out of the return capsule one after another.
[系统归纳]
(1)adjust ... to (doing) sth. 调整……以适应(做)某事
adjust oneself to 使自己适应于……
(2)adjustment n. 调整；调节；适应
make an adjustment to 对……做出调整
[重点强化]
佳句时时写
④(2018·北京高考书面表达)你最好在来之前学习一些初级汉语，那样你就能很快地适应北京这儿的生活。
You'd better learn some basic Chinese before you come. That way, you_can_adjust_yourself_to_the_life_here_in_Beijing_soon.
2．participate vi.参与；参加；分享
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①You should participate with your friend in his sufferings.
②It has found that on average, participants (participate) performed better on cognitive (认知的) tests in their 40s and 50s than they had done in their 20s.
③I sincerely hope that the festival will be a great success and I'm looking forward to your participation (participate)．
[系统归纳]
(1)participate in 参加；参与
participate with sb. in sth. 与某人一起分担某事
(2)participation n. 参加；参与
participant n. 参与者；参加者
[重点强化]
易错对对碰(participate/participate in)
④In our school, there are all kinds of activities for you to participate_in.
⑤The only choice you have is whether you will participate.
佳句时时写
⑥(2018·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)两队每天均要训练两小时，并定期参加比赛。
Both teams train for two hours a day and participate_in_competitions_regularly.
3．donate vt.捐赠；赠送
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①Luckily, many people and organizations donated a lot of money to_help (help) them receive college education smoothly.
②(2017·天津高考) I sent letters to everyone I knew, telling them about my project. It worked perfectly. Donations (donate) began flooding in from hundreds of people.
[系统归纳]
(1)donate ...to sb./sth. 把……捐赠给某人或某物
donate ... to do sth. 捐赠……做某事
(2)donation n. 捐赠；捐献
make a donation to 向……捐赠
(3)donated adj. 捐赠的
[重点强化]
佳句时时写
③校长呼吁我们学生给这个贫穷的男孩提供捐赠。(donation)
The headmaster appeals to us students to_make_a_donation_to_the_poor_boy.
4．distribute vt.分配；分发；使分布
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①Then we distributed some presents such as books and school bags to/among them.
②Who will take charge of the distribution (distribute) of food and clothing to the flood victims?
[系统归纳]
(1)distribute ... to ... 把……分给……
distribute ...among ... 在……中分发……
(2)distribution n. 分配；分发；分布状态
[重点强化]
易错对对碰(distribute/contribute)
They have ③contributed_lots of food and clothes to that rural area and some volunteers helped ④(to)_distribute them to those in need.
佳句时时写
⑤(2018·北京高考书面表达)我告诉那些国际学生，茶在中国广泛分布。
I told those international students that tea_is_widely_distributed_all_over_China.
5．operate vi.工作；运转；给……动手术；起作用vt.操作；经营
[自主体验]
写出下列句中operate的含义
①The car is powered by a battery on its back, which can keep it operating for an hour.运转
②More interestingly, I tried operating some aircraft by myself.操作
③If the doctor had operated on him earlier, he wouldn't have died.给……动手术
④My parents used to operate a small restaurant near the train station.经营
⑤This kind of material operates as a very effective protection.起作用
[系统归纳]
(1)operate on/upon sb. 给某人动手术
(2)operation n. 手术；运转
be in operation 经营；营业
come/go into operation 开始工作/运转；生效
put/bring ... into operation 实施/施行……
[重点强化]
易错对对碰(operate/operate on)
⑥He is being operated_on by some experienced doctors and nurses.
⑦They must make it clear for us to know how to operate the machine.
佳句时时写
⑧虽然我压力很大，但我在比赛中表现很好并最终取得了第一名。
Though I was under pressure, I operated_well_in_the_contest and finally won first prize.
1．(be) dying to极想；渴望
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①By the way, I am dying to_learn (learn) more detailed information about this activity.
②Actually, most of the students are eager to_take (take) part in sports, but they are so occupied with their study.
③He has been longing (long) to attend college since he was a little boy.Now his dream has come true.
[系统归纳]
(1)be dying/eager/anxious to do sth.
＝long to do sth. 渴望做某事
(2)be dying/anxious/eager/thirsty for sth.
＝long for sth. 渴望得到某物
[重点强化]
佳句时时写
④首先，作为一名渴望学习知识的学生，你在学习中有必要形成一种有效的学习方法。
Firstly, as a student who_is_dying_to_learn_knowledge,_it is necessary to build an effective method in your study.
2．in need在困难中；在危急中
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①In our life we may meet with many failures, as long as we try our best, there's no need to_feel (feel) regret for these failures.
②They won't go back to work unless someone can meet their needs (need)．
[系统归纳]
in (great) need of (非常)需要
satisfy/meet one's needs 满足某人的需要
there is no need (for sb.) to do sth. (某人)没有必要做某事
[重点强化]
易错对对碰(in need/in need of)
It includes helping kids with their lessons and raising money for families ③in_need.We know they are ④in_need_of_our help.
佳句时时写
⑤(2016·江苏高考书面表达)我们社会中的每一个人都应该帮助那些需要帮助的人，但更重要的是真诚。
Everyone_in_our_society_should_help_those_in_need,_but_it_is_more_important_to_be_sincere.
3．“介词＋关系副词”引导的定语从句
[教材原句] We walked for two and a half hours to get there — first up a mountain to a ridge from_where we had fantastic views and then down a steep path to the valley below.
[自主体验]
①The little girl was finally found hidden behind the door, from_where she could hear what her parents said.
这个小女孩最终被发现藏在门后，从那里她能听到她父母说的话。
②The book was written in 1946, since_when the education system has witnessed great changes.
这本书写于1946年，从那时起教育制度见证了巨大的变革。
[归纳点拨]
用法规则
在“介词＋关系词”引导的定语从句中，关系代词常为which和whom，关系副词where和when之前一般不加介词，比较特殊的有from where, since when和by when。
注意事项
需要注意的是同“介词＋which”的区别，“介词＋which”中的which一般是指某个名词，而“介词＋where/when”中的where和when指的是地点状语和时间状语。
[佳句背诵]
①(增分要点句)Alice stood at the window, from where she could watch her classmates playing football.
②(增分要点句)It took us about 2 hours to reach the top, from where we were rewarded with beautiful scenery.
4．not ...but ...“不是……而是……”
[教材原句] The gift you give is not_something your loved one keeps but_a voluntary contribution towards the lives of people who really need it.
[自主体验]
①I realize the secret to success is not when or where you were born, but what you are doing and how you do it in your life.
我意识到成功的秘诀不是你出生于何时何地，而是你在生活中的所作所为。
②Not how much money you will give us but that you are present at the ceremony really matters_ (matter)．
[归纳点拨]
用法规则
not ...but ...“不是……而是……”，在句中连接两个并列成分。当连接两个并列主语时，谓语应同靠近的主语保持一致。符合“就近一致”原则的还有：
(1)not only ...but also ...
(2)neither ...nor ...
(3)either ...or ...
注意事项
“not only ...but also ...”连接两个从句且not only位于句首时，前一分句用倒装结构，后一分句不用倒装。
[佳句背诵]
①(增分要点句)It is not the tools a scientist uses but how he uses these tools that makes him a scientist.
②(增分要点句)(2018·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)Not only do we take volleyball and basketball courses, but our school also holds all kinds of sports competitions.
本单元语篇话题与新课程主题语境“人与社会”中的“公益事业与志愿服务”子话题相对应
一、话题语素积累多一点
子话题——公益事业与志愿服务
(一)浅易词汇温一温
①volunteer ②donate ③access ④allow
⑤permit ⑥assist ⑦aid ⑧remind
⑨ignore ⑩plan ⑪arrange ⑫teach
⑬activity ⑭organize ⑮experience
(二)生疏词汇记一记
①persuade vt.说服；劝说 ②benefit v．&n.受益；益处
③performance n．表演 ④appreciation n．欣赏；感激
⑤acquire v．取得；获得 ⑥accumulate v．积累；积聚；堆积
⑦recommend vt.推荐；介绍 ⑧remind vt.提醒
⑨promote vt.促进；提升 ⑩meaningful adj.有意义的
⑪advantage n．优点 ⑫attain v．(经过努力)获得；得到
⑬expression n．表达 ⑭associate v．交往；使……联合
(三)常用词块忆一忆
①care for 关心
②make up with 与……和解
③help each other 互助
④learn from 向……学习
⑤share ...with ... 与……分享……
⑥communicate with 与……交流
⑦be ready to help others 乐于助人
⑧depend/rely on 依靠；相信；信赖
⑨help those in need 帮助需要帮助的人
⑩nursing home 敬老院
⑪a voluntary activity 一次志愿活动
⑫turn to sb.for help 向某人求助
⑬be aware of 意识到
⑭make a difference 有影响；起作用
⑮participate in/take part in 参加
(四)写作佳句背一背
①We should help one another, which is essential to enjoying a harmonious life.
②Not only can voluntary organization help those in need, but also gives us a good opportunity to experience a new kind of life.
③In order to enrich our afterclass activities, our school planed to go to a local charity to offer services.
二、“分步写作”表达准一点
话题应用文分步写作
假定你是红星中学的一名学生。3月5日是学雷锋日，你班组织了一次去敬老院陪老人的志愿活动。请根据下面的活动内容和过程写一篇英文短文，向你校校刊英语专栏投稿。
1．帮忙打扫卫生；
2．给老人们表演；
3．发给老人们礼物。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：敬老院nursing home
第一步：准确审题，理行文脉络，拟写作要点
1．审题：①文体：记叙文 ②人称：主要是第一人称
③时态：主要是一般过去时
2．本文可从三个要点来构思：
要点1：介绍这次活动的时间和地点(3月5日去敬老院做志愿活动)。
要点2：描写活动的行程和内容(打扫卫生、表演、发礼物等)。
要点3：总结活动的意义(学到了很多)。
要点1：我们班在3月5日组织了一次志愿活动，去附近一家敬老院为老人做些事情。
Our_class_organized_a_voluntary_activity_to_go_to_a_nearby_nursing_home_to_do_something_for_the_elderly_on_March_5th.
要点2－①：在那天，我们一大早就出发了。(set out)
On_that_day,_we_set_out_early_in_the_morning.
要点2－②：一到那里，我们就开始打扫卫生。
As_soon_as_we_got_there,_we_began_to_do_some_cleaning.
要点2－③：我们在舞台上给老人做了精彩的表演，并给他们分发礼物。
We_gave_wonderful_performances_on_the_platform_for_the_elderly,_and_distributed_our_gifts_to_them.
要点3：我们从这次经历中真的学到了很多。
We've_really_learned_a_lot_from_the_experience.
第二步：添加细节，文意更丰满，表达更亮眼
为了使表达更高级，提升文章档次，我们需要对部分句式进行升级。如：要点2－③可用“not only ...but also ...”倒装句升级。
升级要点2－③：我们不仅在舞台上给老人做了精彩的表演，而且给他们分发礼物。(not only ...but also ...倒装句)
Not_only_did_we_give_wonderful_performances_on_the_platform_for_the_elderly,_but_also_we_distributed_our_gifts_to_them.
第三步：连句成文，排语句顺序，重衔接过渡
本文可采用三段式结构来组织全文。连句成文时应注意各要点之间的逻辑关系。在讲述完活动的细节后可用“All the elderly had a good time with us.”总结此次活动带来的影响。
Our_class_organized_a_voluntary_activity_to_go_to_a_nearby_nursing_home_to_do_something_for_the_elderly_on_March_5th.
On_that_day,_we_set_out_early_in_the_morning._As_soon_as_we_got_there,_we_began_to_do_some_cleaning._In_addition,_not_only_did_we_give_wonderful_performances_on_the_platform_for_the_elderly,_but_also_we_distributed_our_gifts_to_them.All_the_elderly_had_a_good_time_with_us.
We've_really_learned_a_lot_from_the_experience.
一、复现单元考点——增强备考信心
Ⅰ.高考中的语法填空
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)At present, the world has about 6,800 languages. The distribution (distribute) of these languages is hugely uneven.
2．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ) In tonight's Easter special they come to the aid of a family in need of some delicious inspiration on a budget.
3．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Furthermore, with the stadium set up, a wide variety of sports activities are able to be held weekly(week)．
4．(2018·江苏高考)They should either monitor their websites better so that children do not sign up too early, or they should adjust their websites to_the needs of younger users.
5．(2017·天津高考)Who is responsible for the operation (operate) of such vehicles is not clear among car makers, consumers and lawyers.
6．(2016·天津高考)Snacks outside of mealtimes may be_purchased (purchase) by the student individually.
7．(2015·湖北高考)I don't think what he said is relevant to the topic we are discussing. He has missed the point.
8．(2015·天津高考) I believe these donated (donate) books will not only make you more familiar with China but also help improve your Chinese.
Ⅱ.高考中的完形填空
(选用adjust, donate, participate in填空)
1．(2015·重庆高考完形填空)For example, the moment you get on the airplane, start __32__ your biological clock to the destination's time. If it's daytime in your destination, try to stay awake. Walking around the cabin (客舱) can be of help. adjusting
2．(2012·山东高考完形填空)Today, over thirty companies regularly donate food and other goods to the cause and volunteers help to deliver them to the homeless. The public also give clothes and money and a shoe producer __51__ new shoes. donates
3．(2010·天津高考完形填空)“Talking about drugs helped prepare me for the peer (同龄人) pressures in high school，” says Michelle, 17, who __32__ the first program.“And I was able to help my little brother avoid drugs.”participated_in
二、复现话题词汇——提高阅读准度
新高考下的命题新视角：志愿者活动倡导团结友爱、助人为乐、见义勇为等良好社会风气，是中国社会活动中一项十分高尚的事业，也是高考中极有可能出现的话题。该活动体现了中华民族助人为乐、扶贫济困的传统美德。做好志愿者活动，不仅给他人带去了幸福快乐，更是自己的一种历练和成长。
[话题感悟]
学习目标 ——语篇复现词汇，活学活用记忆更深
(加蓝词汇为本单元话题词汇，读文时请揣摩其用法)
[1]When it comes to the benefit of volunteering, a lot of people think it's all about the warm feeling after helping someone.__1__ As is known, charity work requires a wide variety of people to do various things for everything to work.It means that there are some surprising benefits for volunteers.
◆ Teaches you new skills
[2]From helping making websites to teaching immigrant kids your native language, or to arranging events for charity, volunteering can really be almost anything.It means that when you get involved in charity work, a lot of the time you will face challenges.__2__
◆Can teach you what truly matters
[3]It's a great way to find new perspectives on life.When you've been at it for a while, you just might find yourself reevaluating your advantages.__3__One of my friends went from wanting to be a lawyer to discovering a true passion for teaching.
◆__4__
[4]Maybe it's not so surprising, but what might surprise you is how genuine these friends are.Some of my longterm friends are people I've met through volunteering.I'm not the kind of guy that makes friends purely for connections, but sometimes it's very convenient to have a broad network.
[5]Summed up in one line：volunteering helps you grow.__5__ So if you've ever considered volunteering, what are you waiting for?
A．Helps you make new friends.
B．Can help improve social skills.
C．As it turns out, that's far from the only benefit.
D．Volunteering helps you look outside yourself and your problems.
E．Not only as a person, but it helps you develop your skill set as well.
F．You might even decide on a completely new path to take in life.
G．Through overcoming the challenges, you learn completely new skills.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，文章主要告诉我们做志愿者有哪些好处。
1．选C 上文提到当谈起志愿者的好处时，很多人认为做志愿者的好处就是帮助别人过后的那种说不出来的温暖感，而文章下文的几段都在告诉我们做志愿者的其他好处，由此可见，远远不止这一个好处， C项符合题意。
2．选G 上文提到当你参与慈善活动时，很多时候你会面临挑战，G项指出“通过克服挑战，你学着开始全面掌握新的技能”符合题意。
3．选F 该段的首句“It's a great way to find new perspectives on life.”指出了这是寻找新的生活角度的好办法，由此可知，通过参加志愿者活动，你可能会选一条完全不同的新路，故选F项。
4．选A 下文提到了交朋友，以及所交的朋友有多么真诚， 由此可知，这一段的小标题是与朋友有关，故选A项。
5．选E 总之志愿服务能帮你成长，E项指出它不仅能让你在人格方面成长，也能让你在技能方面进步，符合题意。
学习目标 ——题后把脉规律，练后得法理解更透
阅读七选五技法(3)——抓五类特殊词，寻找解题线索
在考场上，考生用大量的时间完全读懂文章不现实，也没有必要。读文时先快速阅读五个空的前后句，标出相同词、相近词、顺序词、代词、介词等线索词，然后在选项中查找相关的线索词。利用这些线索词寻找答案是很有效的解题方法。如上文第4题及其下文中所包含的同义词为friend。
一、课前基础自查
(一)分类记单词——省时高效
Ⅰ.阅读单词(知其意)
1．fortnight n． 两星期
2．muddy adj. 泥泞的；泥土般的
3．textbook n. 教科书；课本
4．rectangle n. 矩形；长方形
5．rectangular adj. 长方形的；矩形的
6．broom n. 扫帚
7．sniff vt.& vi. 嗅；闻；用鼻子吸
8．interpreter n. 作口译的人
9．grill n. 烤架；大平底锅
vt. 烧烤；炙烤
10．evil n. 邪恶；罪恶
adj. 邪恶的
11．paperwork n. 文书工作
12．toast vt. 烤(面包等)；敬酒
n. 烤面包(片)；吐司面包；干杯
13．astronaut n. 宇航员；太空人
14．financial adj. 财务的；金融的；财政的
15.catalogue n． 目录
16．trunk n． 树干；躯干；大衣箱
17．economic adj. 经济的；经济学的
Ⅱ.重点单词(写其形)
1．platform n. 台；平台；讲台；(火车站的)月台
2．click vi.& vt. (使)发出咔嗒声
n. 咔嗒声
3．concept n. 观念；概念
4．relevant adj. 有关的；切题的
5．otherwise conj. 否则；不然
adv. 用别的方法；其他方面
6．purchase vt.& n. 买；购买
7．privilege n. 特权；特别优待
8．weekly adj.& adv. 每周(的)
9．remote adj. 遥远的；偏僻的
10．weed n. 杂草；野草
vt.& vi. 除杂草
Ⅲ.拓展单词(通其变)
1．adjust vi.& vt.调整；(使)适合→adjustable adj.可调整的→adjustment n．调整；调节；适应
2．participate vi.参与；参加→participation n．参加；参与→participant n．参与者；参加者
3．arrangement n．安排；排列→arrange v．安排；排列
4．donate vt.捐赠→donation n．捐赠；捐献→donator n．捐赠者
5．voluntary adj.自愿的；志愿的；无偿的→volunteer n．自(志)愿者 vi.自愿做
6．political adj.政治的；政党的→politics n．政治
7．distribute vt.分配；分发→distribution n．分配；分发；分布状态
8．security n．安全；保护；保障→secure vt.使安全 adj.安全的
9．operate vi.工作；运转 vt.操作→operation n．手术；运转；操作→operator n．操作人员
[语境活用]
1．The operator is operating the big machine according to the operation guidance.(operate)
2．We donate fund to the school every year.The donation is given to those who study best in exams.(donate)
3．The desks and chairs are adjustable and you can adjust them to the height of the students.The adjustment is not difficult to make.(adjust)
4．The volunteer said that he was willing to participate in the voluntary activity.(volunteer)
5．They encouraged the participants to participate in the singing performance after the contest and their participation gave the students much delight.(participate)
(二)练中记短语——记牢用活
写准记牢
语境活用(选用左栏短语填空)
1.dry_up (指河流、井等)干涸
2．dry_out_ (使浸水等之物)完全变干；干透
3．stick_out 突出；伸出
4．hear_from_ 接到……的信
5．(be)_dying_to 极想；渴望
6．be_relevant_to 与……有关
7．the_other_day 不久前的一天
8．come_across 偶然遇到
9．participate_in 参与/参加……
10．in_need 在困难中；在危急中
11．get_through 完成；接通电话；顺利通过
12．make_a_difference 对……有影响；起作用
1.John hung up his wet shirt in order to dry_it out.
2．The big river has dried_up because of drought for several months.
3．Faced with challenges, you should believe your courage will make_a_difference.
4．I am_dying_to know when you will visit our city.
5．Don't believe those who leave their friends when they are in trouble because “A friend in_need_is a friend indeed.”
6．I heard_from you the other day, which delighted me very much.
7．Participating_in_this club helps us to learn more about drama, and develop our selfconfidence and cultural qualities as well.
8．The beggar can't have been dead, for I saw him begging in the street the_other_day.
(三)仿写明句式——以用为本
教材原句
句式解读
句式仿写
1.To be honest, I doubt whether I'm making any difference to these boys' lives at all.
说实在的，我怀疑是否我教的课会让这些孩子的生活有所改变。
doubt whether ...“怀疑是否……”。
说实在的，我怀疑他们两天内能否完成这项艰巨的任务。
To be honest, I doubt_whether_they_will_finish_the_hard_task in two days.
2.We walked for two and a half hours to get there — first up a mountain to a ridge from where we had fantastic views ...
我们步行了两个半小时才到达那里——先是爬山，爬到山脊能看到奇妙的景色……
“介词＋关系副词”引导的定语从句。
那个男孩爬到了那栋建筑物的三楼，从那个地方他可以看得更远。
The boy climbed into the third storey of the building, from_where_he_could_look_farther_into_the_distance.
3.The gift you give is not something your loved one keeps but a voluntary contribution towards the lives of people who really need it.
你送的礼物不是给你所爱的人留念的，而是给那些的确有生活需要的人的一项志愿性捐助。
not ...but ...“不是……而是……”。
(2018·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)不是这部电影，而是影片中播放的内容才真正有价值。
It_is_not_the_movie_but what is shown in it that really counts.
二、课堂重点深化
1．adjust vi.& vt.调整；(使)适合；(使)适应
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①It took him quite a while to adjust to living (live) alone after his parents passed away.
②We have made an adjustment (adjust) to our price and give you a special discount of 3 percent.
③Having_adjusted (adjust) themselves to Earth's gravity upon landing for about 50 minutes, the three astronauts came out of the return capsule one after another.
[系统归纳]
(1)adjust ... to (doing) sth. 调整……以适应(做)某事
adjust oneself to 使自己适应于……
(2)adjustment n. 调整；调节；适应
make an adjustment to 对……做出调整
[重点强化]
佳句时时写
④(2018·北京高考书面表达)你最好在来之前学习一些初级汉语，那样你就能很快地适应北京这儿的生活。
You'd better learn some basic Chinese before you come. That way, you_can_adjust_yourself_to_the_life_here_in_Beijing_soon.
2．participate vi.参与；参加；分享
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①You should participate with your friend in his sufferings.
②It has found that on average, participants (participate) performed better on cognitive (认知的) tests in their 40s and 50s than they had done in their 20s.
③I sincerely hope that the festival will be a great success and I'm looking forward to your participation (participate)．
[系统归纳]
(1)participate in 参加；参与
participate with sb. in sth. 与某人一起分担某事
(2)participation n. 参加；参与
participant n. 参与者；参加者
[重点强化]
易错对对碰(participate/participate in)
④In our school, there are all kinds of activities for you to participate_in.
⑤The only choice you have is whether you will participate.
佳句时时写
⑥(2018·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)两队每天均要训练两小时，并定期参加比赛。
Both teams train for two hours a day and participate_in_competitions_regularly.
3．donate vt.捐赠；赠送
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①Luckily, many people and organizations donated a lot of money to_help (help) them receive college education smoothly.
②(2017·天津高考) I sent letters to everyone I knew, telling them about my project. It worked perfectly. Donations (donate) began flooding in from hundreds of people.
[系统归纳]
(1)donate ...to sb./sth. 把……捐赠给某人或某物
donate ... to do sth. 捐赠……做某事
(2)donation n. 捐赠；捐献
make a donation to 向……捐赠
(3)donated adj. 捐赠的
[重点强化]
佳句时时写
③校长呼吁我们学生给这个贫穷的男孩提供捐赠。(donation)
The headmaster appeals to us students to_make_a_donation_to_the_poor_boy.
4．distribute vt.分配；分发；使分布
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①Then we distributed some presents such as books and school bags to/among them.
②Who will take charge of the distribution (distribute) of food and clothing to the flood victims?
[系统归纳]
(1)distribute ... to ... 把……分给……
distribute ...among ... 在……中分发……
(2)distribution n. 分配；分发；分布状态
[重点强化]
易错对对碰(distribute/contribute)
They have ③contributed_lots of food and clothes to that rural area and some volunteers helped ④(to)_distribute them to those in need.
佳句时时写
⑤(2018·北京高考书面表达)我告诉那些国际学生，茶在中国广泛分布。
I told those international students that tea_is_widely_distributed_all_over_China.
5．operate vi.工作；运转；给……动手术；起作用vt.操作；经营
[自主体验]
写出下列句中operate的含义
①The car is powered by a battery on its back, which can keep it operating for an hour.运转
②More interestingly, I tried operating some aircraft by myself.操作
③If the doctor had operated on him earlier, he wouldn't have died.给……动手术
④My parents used to operate a small restaurant near the train station.经营
⑤This kind of material operates as a very effective protection.起作用
[系统归纳]
(1)operate on/upon sb. 给某人动手术
(2)operation n. 手术；运转
be in operation 经营；营业
come/go into operation 开始工作/运转；生效
put/bring ... into operation 实施/施行……
[重点强化]
易错对对碰(operate/operate on)
⑥He is being operated_on by some experienced doctors and nurses.
⑦They must make it clear for us to know how to operate the machine.
佳句时时写
⑧虽然我压力很大，但我在比赛中表现很好并最终取得了第一名。
Though I was under pressure, I operated_well_in_the_contest and finally won first prize.
1．(be) dying to极想；渴望
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①By the way, I am dying to_learn (learn) more detailed information about this activity.
②Actually, most of the students are eager to_take (take) part in sports, but they are so occupied with their study.
③He has been longing (long) to attend college since he was a little boy.Now his dream has come true.
[系统归纳]
(1)be dying/eager/anxious to do sth.
＝long to do sth. 渴望做某事
(2)be dying/anxious/eager/thirsty for sth.
＝long for sth. 渴望得到某物
[重点强化]
佳句时时写
④首先，作为一名渴望学习知识的学生，你在学习中有必要形成一种有效的学习方法。
Firstly, as a student who_is_dying_to_learn_knowledge,_it is necessary to build an effective method in your study.
2．in need在困难中；在危急中
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①In our life we may meet with many failures, as long as we try our best, there's no need to_feel (feel) regret for these failures.
②They won't go back to work unless someone can meet their needs (need)．
[系统归纳]
in (great) need of (非常)需要
satisfy/meet one's needs 满足某人的需要
there is no need (for sb.) to do sth. (某人)没有必要做某事
[重点强化]
易错对对碰(in need/in need of)
It includes helping kids with their lessons and raising money for families ③in_need.We know they are ④in_need_of_our help.
佳句时时写
⑤(2016·江苏高考书面表达)我们社会中的每一个人都应该帮助那些需要帮助的人，但更重要的是真诚。
Everyone_in_our_society_should_help_those_in_need,_but_it_is_more_important_to_be_sincere.
3．“介词＋关系副词”引导的定语从句
[教材原句] We walked for two and a half hours to get there — first up a mountain to a ridge from_where we had fantastic views and then down a steep path to the valley below.
[自主体验]
①The little girl was finally found hidden behind the door, from_where she could hear what her parents said.
这个小女孩最终被发现藏在门后，从那里她能听到她父母说的话。
②The book was written in 1946, since_when the education system has witnessed great changes.
这本书写于1946年，从那时起教育制度见证了巨大的变革。
[归纳点拨]
用法规则
在“介词＋关系词”引导的定语从句中，关系代词常为which和whom，关系副词where和when之前一般不加介词，比较特殊的有from where, since when和by when。
注意事项
需要注意的是同“介词＋which”的区别，“介词＋which”中的which一般是指某个名词，而“介词＋where/when”中的where和when指的是地点状语和时间状语。
[佳句背诵]
①(增分要点句)Alice stood at the window, from where she could watch her classmates playing football.
②(增分要点句)It took us about 2 hours to reach the top, from where we were rewarded with beautiful scenery.
4．not ...but ...“不是……而是……”
[教材原句] The gift you give is not_something your loved one keeps but_a voluntary contribution towards the lives of people who really need it.
[自主体验]
①I realize the secret to success is not when or where you were born, but what you are doing and how you do it in your life.
我意识到成功的秘诀不是你出生于何时何地，而是你在生活中的所作所为。
②Not how much money you will give us but that you are present at the ceremony really matters_ (matter)．
[归纳点拨]
用法规则
not ...but ...“不是……而是……”，在句中连接两个并列成分。当连接两个并列主语时，谓语应同靠近的主语保持一致。符合“就近一致”原则的还有：
(1)not only ...but also ...
(2)neither ...nor ...
(3)either ...or ...
注意事项
“not only ...but also ...”连接两个从句且not only位于句首时，前一分句用倒装结构，后一分句不用倒装。
[佳句背诵]
①(增分要点句)It is not the tools a scientist uses but how he uses these tools that makes him a scientist.
②(增分要点句)(2018·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)Not only do we take volleyball and basketball courses, but our school also holds all kinds of sports competitions.
本单元语篇话题与新课程主题语境“人与社会”中的“公益事业与志愿服务”子话题相对应
一、话题语素积累多一点
子话题——公益事业与志愿服务
(一)浅易词汇温一温
①volunteer ②donate ③access ④allow
⑤permit ⑥assist ⑦aid ⑧remind
⑨ignore ⑩plan ⑪arrange ⑫teach
⑬activity ⑭organize ⑮experience
(二)生疏词汇记一记
①persuade vt.说服；劝说 ②benefit v．&n.受益；益处
③performance n．表演 ④appreciation n．欣赏；感激
⑤acquire v．取得；获得 ⑥accumulate v．积累；积聚；堆积
⑦recommend vt.推荐；介绍 ⑧remind vt.提醒
⑨promote vt.促进；提升 ⑩meaningful adj.有意义的
⑪advantage n．优点 ⑫attain v．(经过努力)获得；得到
⑬expression n．表达 ⑭associate v．交往；使……联合
(三)常用词块忆一忆
①care for 关心
②make up with 与……和解
③help each other 互助
④learn from 向……学习
⑤share ...with ... 与……分享……
⑥communicate with 与……交流
⑦be ready to help others 乐于助人
⑧depend/rely on 依靠；相信；信赖
⑨help those in need 帮助需要帮助的人
⑩nursing home 敬老院
⑪a voluntary activity 一次志愿活动
⑫turn to sb.for help 向某人求助
⑬be aware of 意识到
⑭make a difference 有影响；起作用
⑮participate in/take part in 参加
(四)写作佳句背一背
①We should help one another, which is essential to enjoying a harmonious life.
②Not only can voluntary organization help those in need, but also gives us a good opportunity to experience a new kind of life.
③In order to enrich our afterclass activities, our school planed to go to a local charity to offer services.
二、“分步写作”表达准一点
话题应用文分步写作
假定你是红星中学的一名学生。3月5日是学雷锋日，你班组织了一次去敬老院陪老人的志愿活动。请根据下面的活动内容和过程写一篇英文短文，向你校校刊英语专栏投稿。
1．帮忙打扫卫生；
2．给老人们表演；
3．发给老人们礼物。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：敬老院nursing home
第一步：准确审题，理行文脉络，拟写作要点
1．审题：①文体：记叙文 ②人称：主要是第一人称
③时态：主要是一般过去时
2．本文可从三个要点来构思：
要点1：介绍这次活动的时间和地点(3月5日去敬老院做志愿活动)。
要点2：描写活动的行程和内容(打扫卫生、表演、发礼物等)。
要点3：总结活动的意义(学到了很多)。
要点1：我们班在3月5日组织了一次志愿活动，去附近一家敬老院为老人做些事情。
Our_class_organized_a_voluntary_activity_to_go_to_a_nearby_nursing_home_to_do_something_for_the_elderly_on_March_5th.
要点2－①：在那天，我们一大早就出发了。(set out)
On_that_day,_we_set_out_early_in_the_morning.
要点2－②：一到那里，我们就开始打扫卫生。
As_soon_as_we_got_there,_we_began_to_do_some_cleaning.
要点2－③：我们在舞台上给老人做了精彩的表演，并给他们分发礼物。
We_gave_wonderful_performances_on_the_platform_for_the_elderly,_and_distributed_our_gifts_to_them.
要点3：我们从这次经历中真的学到了很多。
We've_really_learned_a_lot_from_the_experience.
第二步：添加细节，文意更丰满，表达更亮眼
为了使表达更高级，提升文章档次，我们需要对部分句式进行升级。如：要点2－③可用“not only ...but also ...”倒装句升级。
升级要点2－③：我们不仅在舞台上给老人做了精彩的表演，而且给他们分发礼物。(not only ...but also ...倒装句)
Not_only_did_we_give_wonderful_performances_on_the_platform_for_the_elderly,_but_also_we_distributed_our_gifts_to_them.
第三步：连句成文，排语句顺序，重衔接过渡
本文可采用三段式结构来组织全文。连句成文时应注意各要点之间的逻辑关系。在讲述完活动的细节后可用“All the elderly had a good time with us.”总结此次活动带来的影响。
Our_class_organized_a_voluntary_activity_to_go_to_a_nearby_nursing_home_to_do_something_for_the_elderly_on_March_5th.
On_that_day,_we_set_out_early_in_the_morning._As_soon_as_we_got_there,_we_began_to_do_some_cleaning._In_addition,_not_only_did_we_give_wonderful_performances_on_the_platform_for_the_elderly,_but_also_we_distributed_our_gifts_to_them.All_the_elderly_had_a_good_time_with_us.
We've_really_learned_a_lot_from_the_experience.
一、复现单元考点——增强备考信心
Ⅰ.高考中的语法填空
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)At present, the world has about 6,800 languages. The distribution (distribute) of these languages is hugely uneven.
2．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ) In tonight's Easter special they come to the aid of a family in need of some delicious inspiration on a budget.
3．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Furthermore, with the stadium set up, a wide variety of sports activities are able to be held weekly(week)．
4．(2018·江苏高考)They should either monitor their websites better so that children do not sign up too early, or they should adjust their websites to_the needs of younger users.
5．(2017·天津高考)Who is responsible for the operation (operate) of such vehicles is not clear among car makers, consumers and lawyers.
6．(2016·天津高考)Snacks outside of mealtimes may be_purchased (purchase) by the student individually.
7．(2015·湖北高考)I don't think what he said is relevant to the topic we are discussing. He has missed the point.
8．(2015·天津高考) I believe these donated (donate) books will not only make you more familiar with China but also help improve your Chinese.
Ⅱ.高考中的完形填空
(选用adjust, donate, participate in填空)
1．(2015·重庆高考完形填空)For example, the moment you get on the airplane, start __32__ your biological clock to the destination's time. If it's daytime in your destination, try to stay awake. Walking around the cabin (客舱) can be of help. adjusting
2．(2012·山东高考完形填空)Today, over thirty companies regularly donate food and other goods to the cause and volunteers help to deliver them to the homeless. The public also give clothes and money and a shoe producer __51__ new shoes. donates
3．(2010·天津高考完形填空)“Talking about drugs helped prepare me for the peer (同龄人) pressures in high school，” says Michelle, 17, who __32__ the first program.“And I was able to help my little brother avoid drugs.”participated_in
二、复现话题词汇——提高阅读准度
新高考下的命题新视角：志愿者活动倡导团结友爱、助人为乐、见义勇为等良好社会风气，是中国社会活动中一项十分高尚的事业，也是高考中极有可能出现的话题。该活动体现了中华民族助人为乐、扶贫济困的传统美德。做好志愿者活动，不仅给他人带去了幸福快乐，更是自己的一种历练和成长。
[话题感悟]
学习目标 ——语篇复现词汇，活学活用记忆更深
(加蓝词汇为本单元话题词汇，读文时请揣摩其用法)
[1]When it comes to the benefit of volunteering, a lot of people think it's all about the warm feeling after helping someone.__1__ As is known, charity work requires a wide variety of people to do various things for everything to work.It means that there are some surprising benefits for volunteers.
◆ Teaches you new skills
[2]From helping making websites to teaching immigrant kids your native language, or to arranging events for charity, volunteering can really be almost anything.It means that when you get involved in charity work, a lot of the time you will face challenges.__2__
◆Can teach you what truly matters
[3]It's a great way to find new perspectives on life.When you've been at it for a while, you just might find yourself reevaluating your advantages.__3__One of my friends went from wanting to be a lawyer to discovering a true passion for teaching.
◆__4__
[4]Maybe it's not so surprising, but what might surprise you is how genuine these friends are.Some of my longterm friends are people I've met through volunteering.I'm not the kind of guy that makes friends purely for connections, but sometimes it's very convenient to have a broad network.
[5]Summed up in one line：volunteering helps you grow.__5__ So if you've ever considered volunteering, what are you waiting for?
A．Helps you make new friends.
B．Can help improve social skills.
C．As it turns out, that's far from the only benefit.
D．Volunteering helps you look outside yourself and your problems.
E．Not only as a person, but it helps you develop your skill set as well.
F．You might even decide on a completely new path to take in life.
G．Through overcoming the challenges, you learn completely new skills.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，文章主要告诉我们做志愿者有哪些好处。
1．选C 上文提到当谈起志愿者的好处时，很多人认为做志愿者的好处就是帮助别人过后的那种说不出来的温暖感，而文章下文的几段都在告诉我们做志愿者的其他好处，由此可见，远远不止这一个好处， C项符合题意。
2．选G 上文提到当你参与慈善活动时，很多时候你会面临挑战，G项指出“通过克服挑战，你学着开始全面掌握新的技能”符合题意。
3．选F 该段的首句“It's a great way to find new perspectives on life.”指出了这是寻找新的生活角度的好办法，由此可知，通过参加志愿者活动，你可能会选一条完全不同的新路，故选F项。
4．选A 下文提到了交朋友，以及所交的朋友有多么真诚， 由此可知，这一段的小标题是与朋友有关，故选A项。
5．选E 总之志愿服务能帮你成长，E项指出它不仅能让你在人格方面成长，也能让你在技能方面进步，符合题意。
学习目标 ——题后把脉规律，练后得法理解更透
阅读七选五技法(3)——抓五类特殊词，寻找解题线索
在考场上，考生用大量的时间完全读懂文章不现实，也没有必要。读文时先快速阅读五个空的前后句，标出相同词、相近词、顺序词、代词、介词等线索词，然后在选项中查找相关的线索词。利用这些线索词寻找答案是很有效的解题方法。如上文第4题及其下文中所包含的同义词为friend。
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