2020高考英语新增分方案大一轮人教新课改省份专用讲义：必修4Unit2Workingtheland

Unit 2 Working the land

一、课前基础自查
(一)分类记单词——省时高效
Ⅰ.阅读单词(知其意)
1.statistic n．　　　　　　　数据；统计；统计数字；统计资料
2.sunburnt adj. 晒黑的
3.super adj. 特级的；超级的
4.output n. 产量；输出
5.circulate vt.& vi. 循环；流传
6.skim vt. 浏览；略读
7.occupation n. 工作；职业；占领
8.personality n. 性格；个性；人格
9.organic adj. 有机的；器官的；组织的
10.nutrition n. 营养；滋养；食物
11.fertilizer n. 肥料；化肥
12.bacteria n. 细菌
13.industrial adj. 工业的；产业的
14.pest n. 害虫；害兽；害鸟
15.mineral n. 矿物；矿石
Ⅱ.重点单词(写其形)
1.decade n．　　　　　　十年；十年期
2.soil n. 土壤
3.summary n. 总结；摘要；概要
4.regret vt. 遗憾；惋惜
n. 遗憾；懊悔
5.comment n. 评论；议论
vi.& vt. 表达意见；作出评论
6.focus n. 焦点；中心点
vt. 集中；聚焦
7.therefore adv. 因此；所以；因而
8.reduce vt. 减少；减缩
9.struggle vi.& n. 斗争；拼搏；努力
10.expand vt.& vi. 使变大；伸展
11.grain n. 谷物；粮食；颗粒
12.battle n. 战役；战斗；较量；斗争
vt.& vi. 搏斗；奋斗
Ⅲ.拓展单词(通其变)
1.hunger n．饥饿；欲望vt.& vi.(使)饥饿→hungry adj.饥饿的；渴望得到的
2.export vt.& vi.输出；出口→import vt.& vi.(反义词) 输入；进口
3.discovery n．发现；发觉→discover vt.发现；发觉→discoverer n．发现者
4.equip vt.& vi.配备；装备→equipment n．设备(不可数)
5.confuse vt.使迷惑；使为难→confusing adj.令人迷惑的→confused adj.困惑的→confusion n．迷惑；困惑
6.nationality n．国籍→nation n．国家；民族→national adj.民族的
7.disturbing adj.引起烦恼的；令人不安的→disturb v．打扰；妨碍；使不安→disturbed adj.烦恼的；不安的
8.freedom n．自由；自主→free adj.自由的
[语境活用]
1.He was really confused by the confusing problem which also confused other people for a long time.(confuse)
2.Our school offers good equipment and you will be well equipped with knowledge and skills for your future job.(equip)
3.Disturbing news came that the virus spread quickly, which made us rather disturbed.(disturb)
4.Madam Curie discovered Radium, and many scientists were surprised at her discovery at that time.(discover)
5.Women have gained the freedom to decide whether to marry or not, and they are free to choose their jobs at present.(free)
6.Owing to the great hunger,_a great number of hungry children died.(hungry)

(二)练中记短语——记牢用活
写准记牢
语境活用(选用左栏短语填空)
1.thanks_to　　　幸亏；由于；因为
2.rid_...of 使……摆脱或除去
3.be_satisfied_with 对……感到满意
4.would_rather 宁愿；宁可
5.build_up 逐渐增强；建立；开发
6.lead_to 导致；造成(后果)
7.focus_on 集中(注意力、精力等)于
8.be_rich_in 盛产
9.keep_...free_from/of 使……免受(影响、伤害等)；使……不含(有害物)
10.in_addition 另外
1.Thanks_to their support, we were able to finish our work in time.
2.I'm sure that modern medical technology will rid us of this terrible disease.
3.He learned later that it was his carelessness that led_to his failure in the exam.
4.Mr.Brown works hard to keep his families free_from worries in their life.
5.All of us were_satisfied_with the perfect service of the restaurant after we had dinner there.
6.Taking exercise helps us build_up our body and keep a clear mind.
(三)仿写明句式——以用为本
教材原句
句式解读
句式仿写
1.If so, what did you do to grow them？
如果是这样的话，你怎样来种植这些植物？
if引导的条件状语从句的省略形式。
(2017·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)你愿意加入我们校乒乓球队吗？如果愿意，请尽快给我发邮件。
Would you like to join our school table tennis team? If_so,_please email me as soon as possible.
2.In 1973, he became the first agricultural pioneer in the world to grow rice that has a high output.
1973年，他成为世界上第一位种植高产水稻的农业先驱。
the＋序数词＋名词＋to do sth.。
(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)重要的是，老人是第一个品尝餐桌上美食的人，因为在中国老人备受尊重。
Most importantly, the elderly are the_first_to_taste_the_delicious_food served on the table because they are well respected in China.
3.This special strain of rice makes it possible to produce 20% more of the crop in the same fields.
这种特殊的稻种使得同样的田地多收获20%的产量。
“make it＋adj.＋动词不定式”结构。
你的微笑是使你能够结识新人的最强大的工具之一。
Your smile is one of the strongest tools that make_it_possible_for_you_to_meet new people.
4.He would much rather keep time for his hobbies.
他宁愿把时间花在自己的爱好上。
would rather (not) do sth.“宁愿(不)做……”。
现在越来越多的人宁愿不住在大城市里。
Nowadays more and more people would_rather_not_live_in_big_cities.

二、课堂重点深化

1．struggle vi.& n．斗争；拼搏；努力；挣扎
　[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①At present, China has to struggle against/with all kinds of difficulties from home and abroad.
②Workers are struggling for a clean canteen and healthy food.
③Helen Keller became deaf and blind when she was 19 months old, but she never gave up and struggled to_lead (lead) an active life.
　[系统归纳]
struggle for　　　　　　　　　　　 为……而斗争
struggle with/against sb./sth. 与……作斗争
struggle to do sth. 努力做某事
struggle to one's feet 挣扎着站起来
　[重点强化]
佳句时时写
④Mary had struggled for months to find a job, and finally took a position at a local advertising agency.(用分词作状语升级句子)
→Having_struggled_for_months_to_find_a_job,_Mary finally took a position at a local advertising agency.
2．equip vt.& vi.装备；配备
　[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①A new school building with each room equipped (equip) with computers is under construction in the university.
②If it were not the modern equipment (equip), such experiments would not be performed.
　[系统归纳]
(1)equip ...with ...　　　 用……装备……
be equipped with 配备着……
equip ...for sth. 为了……而装备……
(2)equipment n. 装备；设备
a piece of equipment 一件装备
　[重点强化]
易错对对碰(for/with)
③We want our son to have a good education that will equip him for future life.
④First, you should equip yourself with the knowledge you can acquire.Only thus can you be confident of yourself.
佳句时时写(句式升级)
He is equipped with much experience in teaching, so he is well respected by all his students.
⑤Equipped_with_much_experience_in_teaching,_he is well respected by all his students.(过去分词作状语)
⑥Equipping_himself_with_much_experience_in_teaching,_he is well respected by all his students.(现在分词作状语)
3．confuse vt.使迷惑；使为难；使混乱
　[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①I always confuse John with his brother; they are so much alike.
②I would often get confused (confuse) when I came across new words with a similar spelling.
③To avoid confusion (confuse), please write the children's names clearly on all their school clothes.
　[系统归纳]
(1)confuse ...with/and ...　 混淆；辨别不清
be confused by 被……弄混；糊涂
(2)confused adj. 困惑的；烦恼的
confusing adj. 令人费解的；令人迷惑的
(3)confusion n. 困惑；混淆
　[重点强化]
易错对对碰(confused/confusing)
There was a ④confused look on his face when he met with a ⑤confusing problem.
佳句时时写
⑥我对中国的餐桌礼仪非常困惑，如果你给我一些在晚宴上如何行为得体的一些建议我将感激不尽。
I am_quite_confused_by_Chinese_table_manners.I'd appreciate it if you can give me some tips on how to behave properly at a dinner party.
4．regret v．可惜；后悔；遗憾；惋惜n.遗憾；懊悔
　[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①It's with great regret that I must decline your offer.
②I regret to_inform (inform) you that your contract will not be renewed.
　[系统归纳]
(1)regret 　　 后悔做了某事
regret to say/tell/inform ...that ...
遗憾地说/告知……
(2)with great regret 非常遗憾
much to one's regret 令某人非常遗憾的是
　[重点强化]
易错对对碰
③I regret to_say (say) we didn't take into consideration the conditions which you had attached to this contract.
④Only when she began to write Growing Up Again did she regret ignoring (ignore) her mum.
佳句时时写(一句多译)
我很遗憾地告诉你我不能在约定的时间和你去北京了。
⑤I_regret_to_tell_you that I can't travel to Beijing together with you at the appointed time.(regret vt.)
⑥Much_to_my_regret,_I can't travel to Beijing together with you at the appointed time.(regret n．)
5．focus vt.集中；聚焦n.焦点；中心点
　[系统归纳]
(1)focus on　　　　　　 集中(注意力、精力等)于
focus one's attention/eyes/energy on
集中注意力/目光/精力于……
(2)the focus of attention/concern　 注意力/关注的焦点
　[重点强化]
易错对对碰(用focus的适当形式填空)
①With his attention focused on his homework, he forgot all about what I had told him.
②With so many people focusing their eyes on him, he felt very nervous.
佳句时时写
③这表明当今社会的一个普遍现象：孩子是家庭的中心，承载着父母的希望。
It shows a common phenomenon nowadays that children are the_focus_of_families,_shouldering the hope of their parents.


1．build up逐渐增强；建立；开发；积累
　[自主体验]
写出下列句中build up的含义
①To learn a language well you must build up a useful vocabulary.积累
②His confidence built up gradually as he gained more and more experience in teaching.逐渐增强
③Therefore, let's take the responsibility to build up a low­carbon city by riding bicycles.建立
　[系统归纳]
pick up　　　　 捡起；(无意中)学会；接收；搭载
take up 拿起；开始从事；占据(时间或空间)
make up 虚构；弥补；组成
break up 分裂；打碎；结束；解体；分手；放假
　[重点强化]
用法条条清(break up/make up/take up/pick up)
④A neighbour downstairs asked for the music to be turned down and the party broke_up.
⑤It didn't take me long to pick_up the basic knowledge of the language.
⑥I must get rid of this large table — it takes_up too much room.
⑦There are more than two million farmers, making_up two thirds of the total population of the province.
佳句时时写
⑧积极参加体育和户外活动确实有助于强身健体和丰富我们的学校生活。
Taking an active part in sports and outdoor activities are really helpful to build_up_our_body_and_enrich_our_school_life.
2．lead to导致；造成(后果)；通向……
　[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①This kind of discussion will certainly lead to still greater differences between the two parties.
②In class I will divide the students into small groups and lead them to_practice (practice) speaking English in an interesting way.
补全句子
③With the boy leading_the_way,_we had no difficulty in finding the destination.
有小男孩带路，我们找到目的地没有困难。
　[系统归纳]
(1)lead to 中的to为介词，后接名词，代词或动名词
(2)lead sb.to do sth.　　　　 使某人做某事
lead/live a ...life 过……样的生活
lead the way 引路；带路
　[重点强化]
佳句时时写(一句多译)
众所周知，成功在于努力，然而懒惰导致失败。
④As we all know, success lies in hard work while_laziness_leads_to_failure.(lead to)
⑤As we all know, success lies in hard work while_laziness_results_in_failure.(result)
3．if条件状语从句的省略形式
　[教材原句]　If_so,_what did you do to grow them?
　[自主体验]
①If_so,_please respond to me as quickly as possible.
如果是这样的话，请尽快给我回信。
②If_possible,_try to go to bed and wake up at the same time every day.
如果可能的话，尝试每天都在同一时间睡觉和起床。
③The climate here is quite pleasant, the temperature rarely, if_ever,_reaching 30℃ in summer.
这里的气候非常宜人，如果有过的话，在夏天气温很少达到30摄氏度。
　[归纳点拨]
if so为“if it is so”的省略形式，if为连词，so指代上文的内容。意为“如果是这样的话”，表示肯定意义；如果表示否定意义，则用if not。
if ever　　　　　　　　 如果有过/发生过的话
if any 如果有的话
if possible 如果可能的话
if necessary 如果有必要的话

　[佳句背诵]
①(增分要点句)(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)I'm wondering if you are available at the weekend.If so, let's have a face­to­face talk about Chinese table manners.
②(增分要点句)If the steps you take are working, keep it up.If not, take another look at other methods you could try.
4．would rather do sth.“宁愿做某事”
[教材原句]　He would much rather keep time for his hobbies.
[自主体验]
①Would_you_rather_stay_at_home or go out to have a picnic with us?
你愿待在家里还是和我们一起出去野餐？
②简是一个文静的女孩，她宁愿待在图书馆也不愿去看电影。
→Jane is a quiet girl, who would rather stay (stay) in the library than go to see a movie.
→Jane is a quiet girl, who prefers to_stay (stay) in the library rather than go to see a movie.
③She would rather you came (come) tomorrow than today.
④I would rather you had_finished (finish) your homework yesterday.
　[归纳点拨]
用法规则
(1)would rather (not) do sth.意为“宁愿(不)做……”
(3)would rather＋从句
注意事项
(1)使用would rather ...than ...句型时要注意平行结构，即than的前后要用两个同类的词或词组，如两个名词、两个介词短语等。
(2)牢记would rather 后跟从句要用虚拟语气。

　[佳句背诵]
①(增分要点句)To live a low­carbon life, some people would rather ride a bike than drive a car to work.
②(增分要点句)I stayed at home last night, but I'd rather I had gone to the theatre with my friends.

本单元语篇话题与新课程主题语境“人与自然”中的“自然科学研究成果”子话题相对应
一、话题语素积累多一点
话题词汇记一记
子话题(一)　自然科学
温故浅易词汇
①farm　　 　 ②garden 　 ③agriculture　④guide
⑤seed ⑥nature ⑦weed ⑧harvest
⑨experiment ⑩soil ⑪discover
识记生疏词汇
①remove vt.移动；拿走 ②plough v．犁地
③admire v．钦佩；羡慕 ④admirable adj.令人钦佩的
⑤instruct vt.通知；指示 ⑥instruction n．说明；指示
⑦sow vt.播种 ⑧rot v．腐烂
⑨fly n．苍蝇 ⑩production n．生产

子话题(二)　自然科学成就
温故浅易词汇
①clean　　　②business　 ③increase　　 ④double
⑤industry ⑥wealth ⑦comfortable ⑧feed
⑨result ⑩influence
识记生疏词汇
①economy n．经济；节约②contribution n．贡献
③invest v．投资 ④profit n．利润；盈利
⑤financial n．财政的 ⑥export v．出口
⑦import v．进口 ⑧outstanding adj.杰出的
⑨figure n．人物 ⑩steady adj.稳固的；平稳的

常用词块忆一忆
①organic farming　　　　　 有机农业
②go hungry 挨饿
③set a new record 创立一个新的记录
④get rid of 去掉
⑤become the first agricultural pioneer in the world
成为世界上第一位农业先驱
⑥build up a new farming method 　　 开发新的耕作方法
⑦free from bacteria and pests 　　 免受细菌和害虫的伤害
⑧go against nature 违背大自然
⑨year after year 年复一年
⑩one of China's most famous scientists
中国最著名的科学家之一
⑪do research 作研究
⑫avoid damaging the environment or people's health
避免破坏环境或损害人们健康
写作佳句背一背
①Reusing waste can make the environment around us cleaner and cleaner.
②China has the largest irrigated area of the farmland in the world and grows more than a third of the crops of the world.
③Fish industry is also of great importance for fresh­water and fish can be produced wherever you live.
二、“分步写作”表达准一点
读后续写情节发展合理化
阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
We have a pit_bull (比特犬)．We found him a few weeks ago, walking along the road in a rural area. He was jumping on cars, and we thought maybe his family was camping somewhere nearby, so we passed him by. A few hours later, on our return trip, he was still in the same place, again, trying to get folks to stop for him. When he saw us, he lay_down in the middle of the road, so we were unable to get around him.
We stopped the car and looked around for a few minutes, trying to figure_out if anyone was around from whom he was separated. It didn't appear so. Then we took a good look at the_dog. He had no collar and he was really thin. We decided he was abandoned.
My_husband said, “If he doesn't bite me when I try to pick him up to put him in the car, then we have a new dog.” The dog happily joined us with no fight at all.The only thing we were in_danger_of was getting licked (舔) to death. He kept sticking his head between the two front seats and thanking us for picking him up.
The dog was clearly on the road for some time. He was extremely under weight. He was covered in scars_and_new_wounds. We have guessed that some of the scars were from when he was on the road. We were thinking possible fights with coyotes (土狼), but he also looks as though he was used for fighting other dogs. We figured his incredibly sweet personality was the reason he was abandoned. He can not have been a good fighting dog.
So, we fed him a lot over the course of the next two weeks and he gained over twenty pounds.
注意：1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2．至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3．续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
4．续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Paragraph 1：
We took him to the vet，　




Paragraph 2：
Now we all love the dog very much. He once helped save me from trouble.　




[写作步骤]
第一步：速读全文
文本大意：文章讲述了一只被人遗弃的比特犬如何成为作者家里的一员的故事。他们在乡村旅行时，发现一只狗躺在路中间不肯挪开。这只狗没有颈圈，瘦骨嶙峋，显然被人遗弃有一段时间了。最后作者一家收留了这只性情温顺的狗。
叙述意图：文章告诉我们要善待动物、尊重生命。
第二步：细读全文
1．所给短文情景模式分析。
who
pit bull, my husband, we
what
A dog lay down in the middle of the road and we picked him up.
when
a few weeks ago
where
along the road in a rural area
why
The dog was abandoned.

2．对原文所提供的下划线词语进行分类。
★人物/动物：pit bull, the dog, my husband
★事件：in danger of, scars and new wounds, sweet
★动作与心理描写：lay down, figure out, abandon, fight
第三步：精心谋篇
1．Paragraph 1：We took him to the vet，
我们把他带到了兽医那里，
[情节分析]　由续写首句提供的信息以及全文的意思可知下文应说明兽医诊断的结果如何，采取了哪些措施，然后描写之后小狗发生的变化。
2．Paragraph 2：Now we all love the dog very much. He once helped save me from trouble.　如今我们都十分喜欢这只狗。有一次，他帮助我脱离险境。
[情节分析]　由所给首句内容可知下文要说明这只狗是如何帮助作者脱离险境的，进而使作者一家更加喜欢它，最后它成了作者家庭的一员。
第四步：初写成文
Paragraph 1：
1．我们带他去看兽医，兽医说这只狗尽管遭人遗弃但似乎健康良好。
We took him to the vet, and he said the dog appeared to be in_good_health,_despite his having been abandoned.
2．他从小狗的牙齿状况判断他大约两三岁了。
He guessed the dog was about two or three years of age, from the_condition_of_his_teeth.
3．兽医给他注射了所有需要的疫苗，并给他的伤疤和新伤口处敷了点药。
The vet gave him all the required vaccine shots and applied_some_medicine_to the scars and new wounds.
4．大约一个月后，这只狗变得既强健又可爱。
About a month later, the dog changed_into a strong and lovely one.
5．他既可爱又温柔。
He is both sweet and gentle.
Paragraph 2：
6．一天，我丈夫匆匆忙忙去上班，结果忘了关煤气。
One day my husband went to work in a hurry; as a result, he forgot to turn_off_the_gas.
7．正当我熟睡时，我听到狗狂叫。
I was_sleeping_soundly_when I heard the dog barking like crazy.
8．我被吵醒了，意识到家里一定发生了什么不寻常的事。
I was woken up, realizing something unusual must_have_happened in our house.
9．原来房子里充满了煤气，这使我处于危险之中。
It_turned_out_that the house was filled with gas, which made me in danger.
10．多亏了那条狗，我才避免了一场灾难。
Thanks to the dog, I avoided_a_disaster.
11．从那时起，比特犬就成了我们家庭的一员。
Since then, the pit bull has become a_member_of_our_family.
第五步：润色升级
1．用定语从句改写要点1。
We_took_him_to_the_vet,_who_said_the_dog_appeared_to_be_in_good_health,_despite_his_having_been_abandoned.
2．用高级词汇替换要点2中的guessed。
guessed→figured_out
3．用分词作状语改写要点6。
One_day_my_husband_went_to_work_in_a_hurry,_forgetting_to_turn_off_the_gas.
4．用owe ... to ...结构改写要点10。
I_owed_it_to_the_dog_that_I_avoided_a_disaster.
第六步：复查定稿
Paragraph 1：
We took him to the vet, who said the_dog appeared to be in good health, despite his having been abandoned. He figured_out the dog was about two or three years of age, from the condition of his teeth. Then the vet gave him all the required vaccine shots and applied some medicine to the scars_and_new_wounds. About a month later, the dog changed into a strong and lovely one. He is both sweet and gentle.
Paragraph 2：
Now we all love the dog very much. He once helped save me from trouble. One day my_husband went to work in a hurry, forgetting to turn off the gas. I was sleeping soundly when I heard the dog barking like crazy. I was woken up, realizing something unusual must have happened in our house. It turned out that the house was filled with gas, which made me in danger. I owed it to the dog that I avoided a disaster. Since then, the pit_bull has become a member of our family.

一、复现单元考点——增强备考信心
Ⅰ.高考中的语法填空
1．(2018·江苏高考)Within five minutes, we ordered the one we were satisfied (satisfy) with.
2．(2018·江苏高考)Unless you can sleep well, you will lose the ability to_focus (focus), plan and stay motivated after one or two nights.
3．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)For many older people, particularly those living alone or in the country, driving is important for preserving their independence, giving them the freedom (free) to get out and about without having to rely on others.
4．(2016·浙江高考)Jane kept moving, but the farther she walked, the more_confused (confuse) she became.
5．(2016·北京高考)The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is that one can be entirely free from dust.
6．(2016·北京高考)To help you do that, your brain increases your hunger (hungry) for new experiences.
7．(2015·安徽高考)Repairing our possessions and changing our spending habits may be the best way to_reduce (reduce) the amount of rubbish and take care of our environment.
8．(2015·北京高考)Thanks to the advanced technology, we live in an age of bettered communication.
Ⅱ.高考中的完形填空
(选用comment, focus, struggle, would rather, build up填空)
1．(2018·江苏高考完形填空)Wild camping is illegal in England.To avoid being caught, the Winns had to get their tent up late and packed it away early in the morning.The Winns soon discovered that daily hiking in their 50s is a lot harder than they remember it was in their 20s.Raynor ached all over and desired a bath.Moth, meanwhile, after an initial __47__， found his symptoms were strangely reduced by their daily tiring journey.struggle
2．(2016·浙江高考完形填空)I was so sorry for myself that I wrote to my parents.I told them I was giving up and coming back home.I said I couldn't stand it one minute longer.I __27__ be in prison! My father answered my letter with just two lines — two lines that will always sing in my memory — two lines that completely changed my life：
Two men looked out from prison bars，
One saw the mud, the other saw the stars.
would_rather
3．(2015·全国卷Ⅰ完形填空)My kids and I were heading into the supermarket over the weekend.On the way, we spotted a man holding a piece of paper that said, “Lost my job.Family to Feed.”
At this store, a sight like this is not normal.My 10­year­old noticed him and made a __43__ on how bad it must be to have to stand outside in the cold wind.comment
4．(2013·重庆高考完形填空)The achievement of a particular goal makes you feel good and contributes to your confidence.That is why exercise has been shown to __53__ your self­respect.build_up
5．(2011·北京高考完形填空)Sometimes I'd get confused and take a shot at the wrong direction — which made me feel really stupid.Fortunately, I wasn't the only one “new” at the game, so I decided to __47__ on learning the game, do my best at each practice session, and not be too hard on myself for the things I didn't know “just yet”．focus
二、复现话题词汇——提高阅读准度
新高考下的命题新视角：我国在自然科学方面有着悠久的历史，从贾思勰的《齐民要术》到袁隆平的“杂交水稻”，对世界做出了突出贡献。2018年1月8日，国家授予李家洋院士“2017年度国家自然科学一等奖”。由此可见，国家高度重视自然科学的研究，建议考生多关注与自然科学有关的文章。
[话题感悟]
学习目标 ——语篇复现词汇，活学活用记忆更深
(加蓝词汇为本单元话题词汇，读文时请揣摩其用法)
[1] Supermarket shelves are filled with plant­based alternatives to cow milk, including soy, nuts, and coconut milk.These products are popular with consumers who cannot drink cows' milk for health reasons, as well as with those concerned about animal welfare and environmental sustainability.While the dairy­free (非乳制的) options work well with cereal or in coffee, they fail miserably when it comes to making milk­based products like cheese or yogurt.However, these shortcomings may soon be a thing of the past, thanks to a new company in California, which has figured out how to create animal­free milk in a laboratory!
[2] Perumal Gandhi and Ryan Pandya founded the company in 2014 after becoming increasingly annoyed with the lack of cows' milk­free alternatives, particularly for cheese.For Gandhi, who stopped consuming animal products five years earlier due to environmental and animal welfare concerns, the motivation to create a better alternative stemmed from his love of cheesy pizza.Pandya was spurred into taking action after being forced to eat some “really bad” dairy­free cream cheese on his sandwich.
[3] The two MIT biomedical engineering scientists decided to join forces to create a more realistic alternative to dairy­based products.In their university lab, the pair spent nine months first isolating cow DNA and then inserting it into yeast (酵母)．This genetic modification enabled the yeast to produce the necessary milk proteins.The final step of the process involved mixing the proteins with some plant nutrients and fats.
[4] The dairy­free milk not only tastes like the real thing but is also healthier, has a longer shelf life and, most important of all, is Earth­friendly.According to the company's website, when compared to conventional milk production, their process uses 65% less energy, creates 84% less greenhouse gas emissions and requires 91% less land and 98% less water! Best of all, since it contains real milk proteins, the product behaves like the cow­producing version, which means vegetarian consumers will no longer have to deal with soggy cheese on their sandwiches and pizzas.
[5] The company plans to bring their creation to the market later this year and their first product will most likely be cheese since there are already numerous good cows' milk alternatives available to consumers.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。虽然豆奶、椰奶等非动物乳制品受到了不能喝牛奶和环保人士的青睐，但是人们很难成功制作非动物乳制品的奶酪和酸奶；麻省理工学院生物医学工程科学家创立的公司取得了技术突破，成功研制了非动物乳制品的奶，并计划生产第一代产品。
1．The underlined word “those” in Paragraph 1 refers to ______.
A．alternatives　　　　　　　　　 B．people
C．products D．reasons
解析：选B　代词指代题。根据第一段第二句“These products are popular with consumers ...about animal welfare and environmental sustainability.”可知，这些产品受到那些因为健康原因而不能喝牛奶的消费者和那些关注动物福利和环境可持续性的消费者的欢迎；据此可知，该句中的those指代“人们”，故B项正确。
2．Ryan Pandya was motivated to make the new product because of ________.
A．his deep concern for the environment
B．his worry that farm animals were poorly treated
C．the overconsumption of the dairy­based products
D．the poor taste of dairy­free cheese presently available
解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知，Pandya在吃了三明治上“非常糟糕”的非乳制奶酪后便开始采取行动。据此可知，Pandya受到了现有的口感差的非乳制奶酪的激发，开始生产这种新产品，故D项正确。
3．What can be inferred from Paragraph 4?
A．The dairy­free milk cannot be stored for a long time.
B．The new products will taste better than dairy­based ones.
C．Cow farming causes considerable environmental damage.
D．The dairy­free milk will be more expensive than cows' milk.
解析：选C　推理判断题。根据第四段第二句“According to the company's website ...less land and 98% less water！”可知，根据该公司网站，与传统的牛奶生产相比，他们的生产过程少消耗了65%的能源，减少了84%的温室气体排放，减少了91%的土地和98%的水；据此可以判断，与新产品相比传统的牛奶生产对环境造成了相当大的影响，故C项正确。
4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A．Healthier Cheese
B．New Milk Saves Planet
C．Fresher Milk, Better Future
D．Making Milk Without Cows
解析：选D　标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了加利福尼亚的一家公司成功研制了非动物乳制品的产品，填补了技术空白，并将生产第一代产品；据此可知，D项最适合作文章的标题。
学习目标 ——题后把脉规律，练后得法理解更透
词义猜测技法(2)——把握代词指代的两大命题角度
代词指代题考查考生依据语境逻辑推断人称代词和指示代词意义的能力。人称代词指代判断题要求考生对it, they, them, he, she等人称代词的正确指代进行判断。指示代词指代判断题主要考查考生对this, these, that, those等指示代词指代意义的判断能力。认真分析历年高考试题不难发现代词指代判断题常出现在人物变换多、动作转换频的语境中，如上文第1题。