2020高考英语大一轮精讲练人教版讲义：6.1



[话题单词]
1．artist n． 艺术家
2．design v． 设计
3．paint n． 染料 v．油漆，绘画
4．drawing n． 图画
5．creation n． 作品
6．creative adj. 有创造力的
7．masterpiece n． 杰作
8．figure n． 画像；身材；数字
9．imagination n． 想象力
10．appreciation n． 欣赏
11．exhibit n． 展品
12．exhibition n． 展览会
13．sculpture n． 雕像
14．realistic adj. 现实的
15．impressive adj. 令人印象深刻的
[话题短语]
1．show one's talent for...展现对……的天赋
2．arouse/excite one's curiosity激发某人的好奇心
3．play the guitar/piano/violin弹吉他/钢琴/小提琴
4．play music/classic music/folk music/jazz music演奏音乐/古典音乐/民间音乐/爵士乐
5．go to/attend a concert听音乐会
6．take a fancy to喜欢上，爱上
7．acquire/obtain/gain a good knowledge of精通……
8．get to know...逐渐了解……
9．be distinguished for因……著名
10．be specific to独特的，独有的
[话题佳句]
1．The painting looks better at a distance.
这幅油画从远处看起来好多了。
2．We are always finding new beauties in Shakespeare's poetry.
我们不断地在莎士比亚的诗歌中发现美妙之处。
3．The exhibition gives local artists an opportunity to display their work.
这次展览为当地艺术家提供了展示自己作品的机会。
4．The valuable painting by a famous artist has been stayed up on the wall for many years.
一位著名画家的珍贵油画已在墙上挂了许多年了。
5．Chinese painting，a precious flower of Chinese culture，is distinguished by its own spirit and style.
国画，中国文化的一朵奇葩，以其独特的神韵和风格而著称。
[佳作背诵]
假如你叫李华，你的加拿大笔友Jean来信，表示想学习中国画，但是对中国画不太了解，请你根据下面内容，给Jean回信，简单介绍中国画的有关知识。
1．中国传统绘画是我国文化遗产的重要组成部分，历史悠久，深受人们的喜爱。
2．传统国画的作画工具有：毛笔、墨、宣纸(Xuan paper)、颜料(pigment)。
3．中国传统绘画的重要特征是诗、书(calligraphy)、画、印(seal)的完美结合。
4．中国历史上有许多传统的国画家，如齐白石，擅长画虾；徐悲鸿，对画马颇有研究。
Dear Jean，
I am very glad to learn from your letter that you like Chinese painting.
The traditional Chinese painting，an important part of our country's cultural heritage，has a long history.It is very popular among people at home and abroad.What we need for painting are writing brushes，Chinese ink，Xuan paper and pigments.Besides，an important feature of Chinese painting is that a painter should combine pictures，poems，calligraphy and seals perfectly.In fact，many painters are at the same time a calligrapher and a poet as well.
In Chinese history，there are many famous traditional painters，including Qi Baishi and Xu Beihong.Qi Baishi was proficient in painting little shrimps while Xu Beihong was famous for his lively horses.
Yours，
Li Hua

识记·思考·运用
1．核心单词
①specific adj.确切的；特定的
②typical adj.典型的；有代表性的→ type n．类型；典型
③evident adj.明显的；明白的→evidence n．证据
④attempt n．& vt.努力；尝试；企图→ attempted adj.未遂的
⑤aim n．& vt.目标；目的；瞄准→aimless adj. 没有目标的，无目的的→ aimlessly adv.漫无目的地
⑥faith n．信任；信心；信念→faithful adj.忠实的，守信的→faithfully adv.忠实地
⑦predict vt.预言；预告 →prediction n．预言→ predictor n．预言者
⑧appeal vi.有感染力；呼吁；求助 vt.将……上诉→ appealing adj.吸引人的
⑨possess vt.拥有；具有；支配→possession n．(尤作复数)所有；财产
⑩adopt vt.采用；采纳；收养→adopted adj.收养的；领养的→adoption n．收养
2．阅读单词
①carve vt.刻；雕刻
②avenue n. 大道， 林荫路
③committee n．委员会
④figure n．画像；身材；数字
⑤shadow n．影子，阴影
⑥district n．区；地区；区域
⑦reputation n．名声，名誉
⑧flesh n．肉；肉体；果肉
⑨signature n．签名；署名
⑩fragile adj.易碎的，易损的
⑪allergic adj. 过敏的，厌恶的
⑫visual adj.视觉的，看得见的；光学的
⑬ridiculous adj. 荒谬的，愚蠢的
⑭controversial adj.引起争论的，有争议的
⑮delicate adj.易损的，易碎的；纤弱的；精致的
⑯permanent adj. 永久的，永恒的
⑰superb adj. 卓越的，质量极高的
⑱bunch n．串，束，扎，大量，大批
⑲fragrant adj. 香的，芳香的；愉快的
⑳score n．得分， 分数，二十；v.评分；得分；记分；获得
conventional adj. 常规的，传统的，因循守旧的
sculpture n．雕塑(术)，雕刻(术)，雕刻作品，雕像
contemporary adj.属同时期的，同一时代的；当代的；现代的
abstract adj.抽象的；深奥的n.摘要→concrete(反义词)具体的
preference n．喜爱；偏爱→prefer v．喜爱；偏爱
coincidence n．巧合(的事)；(口味、故事等)相合→coincident adj.同时发生的
aggressive adj.敢作敢为的；侵略的；好斗的→aggression n．侵略
convince vt.使确信；使信服→convincing adj.令人信服的→convinced adj.坚定不移的
civilization n．文明；文化；文明社会→civilize v．使开化，使文明→civilized adj.文雅的；有礼貌的
technique n．技术；技巧，方法→ technical adj. 技术的，技术性的 → technician n．技术员；技师 → technology n．技术，科技
用上面所给单词的适当形式填空
1．Scientists predicted (predict)that there would be an earthquake.
2．I was walking aimlessly (aim)on the street when I came across a friend of mine.
3．As a successful businessman，he was thought to possess (possess)a lot of money.
4．The professor gave his students three typical(type) examples.
5．Evidence (evident)shows that recent lifestyle changes may be affecting French eating habits.
6．One reason for her preference (prefer)for city life is that she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants.
7．We must be honest and faithful (faith)to the people.
8．In no way am I going to adopt(adopt)any of his methods.
9．Attempting (attempt)to change someone else's attitude towards life is a waste of time and energy.
10．To appeal (appeal)to the consumers，more and more advertisers are using images of pop stars in their ads.

1．“目的，目标”家族
①aim n．目标，目的
②goal n．努力的对象，目标
③purpose n．目的，意图
④object n．目标；意向；目的
⑤objective n．目标；目的
⑥target n．(欲达到的)目标
⑦intention n．意图，意向，目的
⑧destination n．目的地，终点
2．后缀－ful构成的必备形容词集锦
①merciful 仁慈的
②fearful 可怕的
③regretful 悔恨的
④respectful 恭敬的
⑤sorrowful 悲伤的
⑥tearful 含泪的
⑦frightful 可怕的，讨厌的
⑧joyful 高兴的，快乐的
3．有关绘画的阅读高频词速览
①abstract n．抽象画
②landscape n．风景画
③portrait n．肖像画
④sculpture n．雕塑
⑤perspective n．透视画法
⑥impressionism n．印象主义；印象派
4．常见英语反义形容词
①
②
③
④
⑤
⑥
⑦
⑧
5．“相信”家族
①faith n．信任
faithful adj.忠实的
faithfully adv.忠实地
②believe v．相信
belief n．信念
believable adj.可信的
unbelievable adj.不可思议的
③convince vt.使相信；使信服
convinced adj.相信的；深信的
识记·思考·运用
1．动词＋介词
①aim at 瞄准
②appeal to (对某人)有吸引力
2．介词＋名词
①by coincidence 巧合地
②on the other hand
(可是)另一方面
③in the flesh 活着的；本人
④at the same time 同时；在此期间
3．其他形式
①a great deal (of) 大量
②be allergic to 对……过敏
③in a...way以一种……方式
④be full of充满
⑤attempt to do sth.尝试做某事
用左栏所给短语的适当形式填空
1．As long as you are ready，you will be full of confidence in the interview.
2．By coincidence，we were travelling on the same train.
3．I have corresponded with her for some years，but I have never met her in the flesh.
4．I want to go to the party，but on the other hand，I ought to stay studying.
5．I like cats but unfortunately I am allergic to them.
6．In saying this，I'm not aiming at you.

1．“by＋n.”必备短语荟萃
①by coincidence 巧合地
②by chance 偶然
③by hand 手工
①by birth 按出身
⑤by nature 生来
⑥by air/train/ship 乘飞机/火车/轮船
⑦by contrast 对比之下
⑧by force 用武力
⑨by cash 用现金
⑩by mistake 错误地，无意中(做错)
2．“v.＋down”短语集锦
①settle down 定居；平静下来；专心于
②pass down 传下来
③bring down 使降低
④break down 分解；累垮
⑤cut down 削减；砍倒
⑥burn down 烧毁
在解读中学懂，在仿写中学通
背原句
学句型
练仿写
1.Among the painters who broke away from the traditional style of painting were the Impressionists，who lived and worked in Paris.
在那些突破传统画法的画家中有印象派画家，他们在巴黎生活和工作。
表示方位的介词短语位于句首时句子用完全倒装。
我注意到，体育馆门前站着很多手拿鲜花的学生，他们在等待贵宾的到来。
I noticed that in front of the stadium stood many students holding flowers waiting for the arrival of the honored guests.
2.Without the new paints and the new technique，we would not be able to see the many great masterpieces for which this period is famous.
没有新的颜料和新的(绘画)手法，我们就不能看到很多使这一时期著名的杰作。
without引起的含蓄虚拟条件句。
没有太阳，世界将会一片黑暗。
Without the sun，the world would be in total darkness.
3.Henry Clay Frick，a rich New Yorker，died in 1919，leaving his house，furniture and art collection to the American people.
亨利·克莱·弗里克是纽约的一位富豪，于1919年去世，把他的房子、家具和艺术收藏品全部留给了美国人民。
现在分词短语作结果状语，常位于句首或句尾。
这位可怜的画家在贫病交加中死去，给世人留下了大量珍贵的画作。
The poor painter died with poverty and illness，leaving the world a lot of valuable paintings.
3500词汇语境篇——先练后背，事半功倍
Abstract Art
Abstract art used to be controversial.On one hand，the artists stopped 1.painting(paint) delicate figures but attempted to adopt special techniques to give people different visual 2.impacts(impact) .On the other hand，their works，including sculptures 3.carved(carve) out of marble or fragile clay，were all with a specific aim of showing feelings.Some conventional scholars 4.who were allergic to abstract art said it was evidently ridiculous and neither art nor geometry.Their Traditional Art Committee predicted its soon 5disappearing(disappear) .
But nowadays，abstract art has become part of 6.the permanent possessions of contemporary civilization.Galleries along the Madison Avenue give scores of superb exhibitions on typical abstract works，appealing to many who have a 7.preference(prefer) for abstract art.The Shadow of Egypt，a café in this district，has become the home to those 8.aggressive(aggressively) abstract artists.Consequently，9.it is not a coincidence for you to meet one of these artists of great reputation in the flesh.They are asked for signatures and given bunches of fragrant flowers plus they are given a great deal of praise by their 10.faithful(faith) fans.
Notes：scholar /'skɔlə(r)/ n. 学者　impact /'ɪmpækt/ n．影响；碰撞，冲击，撞击；v.产生影响；冲撞，冲击


aim n．目标；目的；瞄准
vi.&vt.瞄准；对准；旨在；(向某方向)努力
(教材原句)During the Middle Ages，the main aim of painters was to represent religious themes.
在中世纪，画家的主要目的是表现宗教主题。
拓展词：aimless adj.无目的的
aimlessly adv.无目的地
(1)achieve one's aim达到目的；实现目标
with the aim of以……为目标；意在……
(2)aim sth. at sb./sth.用某物朝向/瞄准某人或某物
aim at doing sth./aim to do sth.意欲、企图、力求做某事
be aimed at目的是；旨在
aim for瞄准；以……为目标
(1)A goal is not always meant to be reached；it often serves simply as something to aim at.目标并不一定总是要达到，很多时候它仅仅是为了给你方向感。
(2)语境活用
At first，he wandered in the street without aim.Then one day，he realized that he should aim at helping people to be aware of the importance of environmental protection.After two years' efforts，he achieved (achieve)his aim.
起初，他在大街上毫无目的地游逛。一天，他突然认识到他应该帮助人们意识到环境保护的重要性。经过两年的努力，他达到了目的。
(3)单句语法填空
(2018·浙江卷)The industry has also taken aim at the product that has appeared as its replacement，reusable shopping bags.




attempt n．&vt.尝试，努力，试图
(教材原句)On the one hand，some modern art is abstract；that is，the painter does not attempt to paint objects as we see them with our eyes...
一方面，有些现代艺术是抽象的，也就是说，画家并不打算把我们用眼睛所看到的东西如实地画出来……
拓展词：attempted adj.未遂的，企图的
(1)at one's/the first attempt第一次尝试
in an attempt to do sth.试图做某事
(2)attempt＋n./pron.尝试……
attempt to do/at doing＝try to do＝make an attempt to
do/at doing...尝试、试图做……
(3)an attempted murder谋杀未遂案
(1)To achieve the incredible，you have to attempt(attempt) the impossible.
要取得令人难以置信的成就，你得尝试不可能的事情。
(2)单句语法填空
①I passed my driving test at the first attempt.
②He attempted to escape/escaping(escape)from the prison，but he couldn't find anybody to help him.
(3)写作能力提升
他们试图攀登那座小山。
①They made an attempt to climb/(at)climbing that hill.(attempt n．)
②They attempted to climb/(at)climbing that hill.(attempt v．)
figure n．数字；身材，体形；人物；雕像，塑像；图形
v．计算；认为
(教材原句)The art of making figures，objects，etc out of stone，wood，clay etc.
从石头、木材、黏土等中制作模型、物件等的艺术。
(1)keep one's figure保持体形/身材
a political figure一位政治人物
watch one's figure注意保持身材
have a good figure身材好
(2)figure on打算；预料到计划
figure out解决；计算出；弄明白
(1)I want you to pursue your dreams and figure out who you are and who you want to be.我希望你追逐自己的梦想，找到自我并明确你想成为的人。
(2)Even to this day，Lincoln is regarded as one of the most inspiring figures(figure) in the world.即使在今天，林肯也被认为是世界上最令人鼓舞的人物之一。
(3)写出下列句子中黑体词的含义
①She has a good figure.身材
②By 2014，this figure had risen to 14 million.数字
③Chairman Mao is an important political figure.人物
④It is a waxwork(蜡) figure.塑像
(4)语境活用
Being (be)a popular social figure，she always has to appear with a fine figure and figures(figure)out ways to attract the attention of the majority.作为一位受欢迎的公众人物，她必须总是以良好的形象出现(在公众面前)并且设法吸引大众的注意力。




appeal vi.有感染力；呼吁；求助
vt.将……上诉
n．呼吁；恳求
(教材原句)It will appeal to those who love Impressionist and Post-Impressionist paintings.展览将吸引印象派和后印象派作品的爱好者。
拓展词：appealing adj.吸引人的；恳求的
(1)appeal to sb.吸引某人；(对某人)有吸引力
appeal to sb.for sth.为某事向某人呼吁或请求
appeal to sb.to do sth.恳求/呼吁某人做某事
appeal for恳求，呼吁
(2)make an appeal to sb.for sth.为某事向某人呼吁或请求
make an appeal to sb.to do sth.呼吁/恳求某人做某事
(1)We tend to have a better memory for things that excite our senses or appeal to our emotions than for straight facts.
相对于直白的事实，我们对于激发自己感觉或唤起自己情感的事物，记忆往往更加深刻。
(2)单句语法填空
①To be honest，his singing didn't appeal to me much.
②The government appealed to the International Red Cross to help(help)the people suffering from the floods.
(3)语境活用
Martin Luther King appealed(appeal)to the blacks to appeal(appeal)to the highest court against racial discrimination，which greatly appealed(appeal)to the whole world.
马丁·路德·金呼吁黑人向最高法庭上诉反对种族歧视，这引起了全世界极大的关注。
(4)写作能力提升
①On the one hand，the idea attracted him.On the other hand，the idea appealed to him.
②He appealed to other leaders to donate to the cause.(用appeal n．改写)
He made an appeal to other leaders to donate to the cause.
(5)单句语法填空
(2018·北京卷)Fewer emissions and cheaper travel sound pretty appealing(appeal)．





on the other hand(可是)另一方面(常与on the one hand对应使用)
(教材原句)On the other hand，some paintings of modern art are so realistic that they look like photographs.而另一方面，有些现代派的艺术作品却是那么写实，看上去就像一张张照片。
(1)on(the)one hand...；on the other hand...一方面……；另一方面(却)……(引出不同的，尤指对立的观点、思想等)
(2)first(ly) ...；second(ly)．..第一……；第二……
(3)for one thing...；for another(thing)．..一则……；二则……
(1)Reading certain books，on the other hand，is a well-set task over which they have much more control.
另一方面，读特定的书是一项既定的任务，对此他们能够更好地控制。
(2)完成句子
①另一方面，网上购物可能造成人们购买那些根本不需要的东西。
On the other hand，shopping online may cause people to buy goods that are not badly needed.
②一则，我可以帮助看孩子；二则，我能提高我的英语、交更多朋友并丰富我在暑假期间的生活。
For one thing，I can help take care of the children.For another， I can improve my English，make more friends，and enrich my life during the summer vacation.
by coincidence巧合地；碰巧；凑巧
(教材原句)By coincidence，oil paints were also developed at this time，which made the colours used in paintings look richer and deeper.巧合的是，这一时期油画颜料也得到了发展，它使得绘画的色彩看上去更丰富、更深沉。
(1)It is a coincidence that...……是巧合的
What a coincidence！真巧！
(2)by accident/chance偶然地
on purpose/by design故意地
(1)What a coincidence！I wasn't expecting to see you here.真巧！我没料到会在这里见到你。
(2)It is a coincidence that both of them came late this morning.
真是巧啊，他们两个人今天早晨都迟到了。
(3)单句改错
①On coincidence，she appeared at that exact moment.On→By
②It can't be the coincidence that four banks were robbed in one night.the→a
(4)单句语法填空
(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)I still can't believe what a coincidence it was.I'm just so glad I was there in time to help my son.

Among the painters who broke away from the traditional style of painting were the Impressionists，who lived and worked in Paris.
在那些突破传统画法的画家中有印象派画家，他们生活和工作在巴黎。
本句结构为“介词短语＋系动词＋主语”，为倒装句式，正常语序为The Impressionists，who lived and worked in Paris，were among the painters who broke away from the traditional style of painting.
(1)out，in，into，down，up，away，here，among，now，then，there等表示方位和时间的副词和表示地点的介词短语置于句首，且主语是名词时，句子用完全倒装。
(2)作表语的形容词、分词短语提到系动词前面时，句子也构成全部倒装，即“形容词/分词＋系动词＋主语”结构。
(3)代词such置于句首，且在句中作表语时，句子用完全倒装。
(1)On the top of the hill stands(stand) an old temple.
山顶上有一座古老的庙宇。
(2)Such is(be) our lively city，which you are welcome to visit whenever at your convenience.这就是我们这座充满活力的城市，只要您方便，随时欢迎来参观。
(3)写作能力提升——将下列句子改为倒装句
①A gentle mother is near the window.
→Near the window is a gentle mother.
②Different kinds of flowers are growing around the garden.
→Growing around the garden are different kinds of flowers.
③Some scientists from China were present at the meeting.
→Present at the meeting were some scientists from China.
(4)单句语法填空
(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)If you have a juicer，you can simply feed in frozen bananas and some berries or sliced fruit.Out comes(come) a “soft-serve” creamy dessert，to be eaten right away.
This is because the Impressionists encouraged artists to look at their environment in new ways.这是因为印象派鼓励画家用崭新的视角看待他们的环境。
This is because...这是因为……
That's why...那就是为什么……/那就是……的原因
The reason why...is that...……的原因是……(why引导定语从句；that引导表语从句)
(1)单句语法填空
①He is becoming fatter and fatter.This is because he eats a lot of sweet food.
②The reason why Jim didn't come to school is that he got ill.
③John had to look after his sick mother.That's why he came late today.
(2)单句改错
①The reason why Tom didn't catch the early bus is because he got up late.because→that
②The reason is why she must stay at home to look after her sick mother.why→that

Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．It is now still impossible to predict(预测)when and where an earthquake will break out.
2．I like cats but unfortunately I am allergic(过敏的)to them.
3．She has always had a high reputation (声誉)for her excellent short stories.
4．The tall tower adds to the visual (视觉的)impact of the building.
5．Time is abstract(抽象的)，which we can only imagine in our mind.
6．“Life is fragile (脆弱的)，but it's meant to be enjoyed.”as a saying goes.
7．A man is being questioned in relation to the attempted(企图)murder last night.
8．Celebrities and public figures(人物)support the event by making appearances on comic TV shows.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．A great deal money has been spent in saving the lives of the trapped miners since last week.deal后加of
2．All attempts control the spread of the disease have failed because of the bad weather in that area.attempts后加to
3．The ball was in possession of their opponents for most of the match.in后加the
4．We appreciate your apologies and goodwill，but we hope that you can figure a good way of settling the matter.figure后加out
5．The opening ceremony appealed the audience all over China.appealed后加to
6．On one hand，computer games can relax us.On other hand，they will waste our time if we are addicted to them.other前加the
7．It was only in coincidence that I saw the injured child on my way home，so I called 120 at once.in→by
8．People develop a preference for a particular style of learning at an early age and these preference affect learning.第二个preference→preferences
Ⅲ.教材与语法填空
The styles of Western art have changed many times，1.while Chinese art has changed less often.Art 2.is influenced (influence) by the way of life and beliefs.During the Middle Ages，the main aim of painters was to represent religious themes.Artists were interested in creating respect and love for God.In the Renaissance，people focused more on humans and 3.less (little) on religion.Artists 4.tried (try) to paint people and nature as they really were.Masaccio used perspective in his paintings 5.which made people convince they were looking 6.through a hole in a wall at a real scene.In the late 19th century，Europe changed 7.a great deal from a mostly agricultural society to a mostly 8.industrial (industry) one.The Impressionists were the first to paint outdoors.They had to paint quickly and their paintings were not detailed as 9.those of earlier painters.Today people accept the Impressionist paintings as the 10.beginning (begin) of modern art.Some modern art is abstract while some is realistic.
Ⅳ.教材与短文改错
Many art lovers consider the Frick Collection the better art gallery in New York.Henry Clay Frick，rich New Yorker，died in 1919，leaving his house，furnitures and art collection to the American people.At this gallery，you would see an excellent collection of pre－twentieth century Western paintings.We will also be able to explore Frick's beautiful house.The house is well worth visit.Besides，Guggenheim Museum owned 5,000 modern paintings，sculptures or drawings.Not all art works is displayed at the same time.The best way to see the paintings is to start from the top floor and walk down to the bottom of.
答案：
Many art lovers consider the Frick Collection the art gallery in New York.Henry Clay Frick， rich New Yorker，died in 1919，leaving his house， and art collection to the American people.At this gallery，you see an excellent collection of pre－twentieth century Western paintings. will also be able to explore Frick's beautiful house.The house is well worth 或.Besides，Guggenheim Museum 5,000 modern paintings，sculptures drawings.Not all art works displayed at the same time.The best way to see the paintings is to start from the top floor and walk down to the bottom of\.
Ⅴ.话题微写作
1．她热爱艺术，是一名雕刻家。
2．她经常阅读一些关于雕塑的书籍。
3．她的雕塑采用了许多极好的有代表性的方法。
4．一方面，她仍然勤奋工作，另一方面她身体变得极其糟糕。
5．她的大量作品很畅销，她成了一名伟大的雕刻家。
She is fond of art and she is a sculptor.She often reads some books on sculpture and by coincidence，she found some new skills of sculpture.Her sculpture works adopt the superb typical technique.On the one hand，she still worked hard；on the other hand，she was getting weaker and weaker.However，a great number of her works sell well.As a result，she becomes a great sculptor.