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一、语基必备知识
(一)重点词汇——分类记忆
Ⅰ.阅读词汇——在不认识的词汇前划√
intellectual adj. accountant n.
electrician n. sheer adj.
bend n. circular adj.
encounter n. profound adj.
mission n. qualified adj.
vertical adj. contract n.
salary n. staff n.
agent n. organisational adj.
post n. renewable adj.
youngster n. leisure n.
individual n.
Ⅱ.核心词汇——写其形
1．offer vi. (主动)提出(愿意做某事)
2．signal n. 信号
3．respect vt. 遵守
4．temporary adj. 暂时的；临时的
5．earn vt. 挣(钱)
6．permanent adj. 长久的；永久的；永恒的
7．essential adj. 必不可少的；绝对重要的
8．grateful adj. 感激的；感谢的
9．available adj. 可获得的
10．traditional adj. 传统的
11．double vi. 加倍
12．fitness n. 健康
13．outgoing adj. 外向的
14．personality n. 个性；性格
Ⅲ.拓展词汇——通其变
1．suffer vi.遭受(痛苦)→suffering n．痛苦
2．sign vt.签字；签署→signature n．签名；签字
3．require vt.需要；要求；命令→requirement n．需要；要求
4．volunteer n．志愿者 v．志愿→voluntary adj.志愿的；自愿的
5．demand n．要求；需要→demanding adj.要求高的；要求极严的
6．apply vi.申请→application n．申请→applicant n．申请者
7．freeze vi.冻住；冻僵→freezer n．冰箱→freezing adj.极冷的→frozen adj.冻住的；冻僵的
8．stress n．压力→stressful adj.充满压力的；紧张的→__stressed adj.有压力的；紧张的；心力交瘁的
9．satisfy vt.使满意→satisfying adj.令人满意的→satisfied adj.感到满意的→satisfaction n．满意；满足
10．direct vt.指挥；指引adj.直接的→direction n．方向；方位→directly adv.直接地；径直地→director n．指挥；导演
1.火眼金睛识别形近词
①contract n． 合同；契约
②contact v．& n. 接触，联系
③contrast v．& n. 对比，对照
2.“重要的”形容词一览
①essential 绝对重要的
②important 重要的
③significant 有重大意义的
④vital 至关重要的
⑤crucial 极其重要的
3.“性格”形容词大团圆
①outgoing 外向的
②easygoing 随和的
③optimistic 乐观的
④modest 谦虚的
⑤generous 宽宏大量的
(二)重点短语——记牢用活
1．in__particular 尤其；特别
2．on__average 平均
3．in__theory 理论上；从理论上来说
4．in__practice 实际上；在实践中
5．pass__by 经过
6．take...for__granted 以为……理所当然
7．have__an__effect__on 对……产生影响
8．take__up 站好位置以备……；开始从事
9．in__response__to 作为……的回应
1.“in＋n.”短语一览
①in practice 实际上
②in theory 理论上
③in demand 非常需要的
④in trouble 陷入困境
⑤in advance 提前
⑥in danger 在危险中
2.“in＋n.＋to”短语总动员
①in response to 作为……的回应
②in contrast to 与……相比
③in preference to 优先于
④in regard to 关于，对于
⑤in addition to 除……外
⑥in reply to 对……回复
3.“on＋n.”短语精选
①on average 平均
②on business 出差；做生意
③on sale 出售
④on duty 值日，值班
⑤on guard (保持)警惕
⑥on display/show 展示
(三)重点句式——背熟巧用
句型公式
教材原句
句型1：consider＋宾语＋(to be/as) adj./n.认为……是……
One road in particular, which goes north from La Paz, is__considered__the__most__dangerous__road in the world.
尤其是从拉巴斯通向北边的一条路被认为是世界上最危险的路。
句型2：with复合结构：with＋n.＋介词短语
Every morning he climbs up to the bend with__a__large__circular__board__in__his__hand.
每天早晨，他都手里拿着一个大圆板爬上弯道。
句型3：现在分词作状语表伴随
But often they just pass by, taking__the__human__traffic__signal__for__granted.
但经常他们只是(从他身旁)驶过，把人体交通标志看作理所当然的事情。
句型4：be doing...when...正在做……，这时……
He was__driving a lorry load of bananas when he came off the road at a bend and fell three hundred metres down the mountain.
他正驾驶着一辆满载香蕉的卡车，突然在一个拐弯处偏离车道坠落到山下300米处。
二、语境强化训练
Ⅰ.语境填词——根据提示写出该词的适当形式
A．根据汉语提示写出下列单词
1．He offered(主动提出) to lend me his new car but I refused, for I didn’t want to trouble him.
2．He found he could no longer cope with his demanding(要求高的) job.
3．I’m so grateful(感激的) to all those volunteers(志愿者) because they helped my terrible day end happily.
4．There are plenty of jobs available(可获得的) in the western part of the country.
5．After the meeting, she signalled(示意) that it was time for us to leave.
B．根据所给单词写出适当形式
6．Having bought what she wanted, she left the supermarket with satisfaction(satisfy)．
7．Though their personalities(personality) are different, they are getting along well with each other.
8．She finds her new job very stressful(stress) but she will never give it up.
9．We often buy everything abroad with the money earned(earn) from oil imports.
10．Einstein was one of the greatest scientists respected(respect) by the people all over the world.
Ⅱ.语境品词——写出加黑词汇在语境中的意义
1．(2019·天津卷)It is an essential part of who we are today and who we will become. 极其重要的
2．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)I think I am qualified to be a volunteer.Please give me a chance. 合格的；称职的
3．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Finally you climb into an arcticlike zone with permanent snow and the glaciers that may soon disappear.永久的
4．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)It also doesn’t require a new type of technology that people aren’t already familiar with.需要
Ⅲ.选词成篇
in practice; take...for granted; have an effect on; take up; in response to
Don’t 1.take__it__for__granted that people should help you when you are in trouble. I once got donations by people, which 2.had__an__effect__on me. Without people’s help, I wouldn’t have had enough money to go to college. So I often 3.take__up volunteer work 4.in__response__to people’s kindness.
in particular; on average; pass by; in theory
Tom is a young man who is always willing to help others, 5.in__particular those in trouble. Besides, he takes up a volunteer once a week 6.on__average. Once he was 7.passing__by a supermarket when he took notice of an old lady who fell off the steps. Without hesitation, he rushed to give first aid to her.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．我认为汤姆是我最好的朋友，他经常在学习上帮助我。
Tom, who often helps me with my study, is__considered__(to__be)__my__best__friend．
2．手里拿着邀请信，我不知道是否要去参加这个宴会。
I didn’t know whether to attend the party or not, with__the__invitation__in__hand．
3．我给你写一封信，希望能得到你的指导和建议。
So I’m writing you a letter, hoping__to__get__your__guide__and__suggestions．
4．我们正在操场上踢足球，这时下起了大雨。
We were__playing__football on the playground when__it began to rain heavily.
satisfying adj.令人满意的
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①a.(全国卷Ⅱ)Though I had a lot of experience and a Master’s degree, I could not find satisfying(satisfy) work.
b．From his satisfied(satisfy) voice on the phone I know everything is going under way.
②To my satisfaction(satisfy), my brother has made great progress in English in the past two months.
[能力提升]——完成句子/句式升级
③(普通表达)Because my English teacher __was__satisfied__with(满意) what I answered, he nodded with a smile.
④(高级表达)Satisfied__with__what__I__answered,__my English teacher nodded with a smile. (过去分词短语作状语)
(1)satisfy v． (使)满意；(使)满足
(2)satisfied adj. 感到满足的；满意的
be satisfied with 对……感到满意
(3)satisfaction n. [U]满意；满足；[C]令人
满意的事物
to one’s satisfaction 令人满意的是
[词块助记]
satisfy sb.’s curiosity 满足某人的好奇心
satisfy the demands/needs of the customers
满足客户要求
a feeling/sense of satisfaction 满足感
offer vt.& vi.提供；(主动)提出(愿意做某事) n．出价；提议
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(2018·浙江卷6月)If a neighbor is going to be out of town, offer to__collect(collect) mail and newspapers.
②a.(2019·北京卷)A retired engineer, 76yearold Wilson has been offering free rides to college students for the past eight years.
b．(湖南卷)They’ve offered us ￡ 150，000 for the house. Shall we take it?
[能力提升]——完成句子
③(陕西卷)当时正下着大雨，因此我接受了他搭便车的提议。
It was pouring with rain so I accepted__his__offer__of__a__lift．
④(浙江卷)团队工作给我提供了一个学习如何与他人相处的机会。
Working in a team offers__me__a__chance/offers__a__chance__to__me to learn how to get along with others.
(1)offer to do sth. 主动做某事
offer sb. sth.＝offer sth.to sb.
给某人提供某物
(2)offer sb. money for sth./to buy sth.
向某人出价购买某物
offer sth. for money 以多少钱出售某物
(3)make an offer to do sth. 提议做某事
accept one’s offer 接受某人的建议
[名师点津] 表示“提供给某人某物”的常见短语还有：
①supply sb. with sth.＝supply sth.to sb.
②provide sb. with sth.＝provide sth. for sb.
apply vi.申请；适用；请求；专心于 vt.申请；应用
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①a.(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Knowing an exhibition of Chinese painting will be held at the gallery next month, I am writing to apply for the chance to become a volunteer.
b．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)We had to write a paper on how we plan to apply what we would learn in class to our future professions and, eventually, to our lives.
②a.(福建卷)To my delight, I was chosen from hundreds of applicants(apply) to attend the opening ceremony.
b．Eventually, however, I won the support of my family, and I sent in all the paperwork needed for the application(apply)．
[能力提升]——完成句子/句式升级
③(普通表达)If you apply__yourself__to(专心于) your study, you’ll make more progress.
④(高级表达)Applying__yourself__to__your__study,__you’ll make more progress. (现在分词短语作状语)
(1)apply (to sb.) for sth. (向某人) 申请某事
apply...to... 把……应用于……
apply to sb./sth. 适用于/运用于某
人/某物
apply oneself to (doing) sth.
集中精力于(做)某事，
专注于(做)某事
(2)application n． 请求；申请；申请
表；应用
applicant n. 申请人
[词块助记] apply for a job/passport/visa
申请工作/护照/签证
apply the emergency brakes 使用紧急刹车
apply one’s energies into/to a job
致力于一项工作
require vt.需要；要求，命令
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(2019·天津卷)A dog’s eating habit requires(require) regular training before it is properly established.
②a.All the problems put forward at the meeting require solving/to__be__solved(solve) in one month.
b．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)If you want to apply for membership, you are required to__fill(fill) in the application form and send an email to pingpang@163.com.
③a.(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)So significant is the game that it is required that everyone (should)__present(present) themselves punctually.
b．The workers required that their pay (should)__be__raised(raise) and finally the manager had to satisfy their requirements(require)．
[能力提升]——一句多译
校长要求所有的学生在学校穿校服。
④The headmaster required__all__the__students__to__wear school uniforms at school.(简单句)
⑤The headmaster required__that__all__the__students(should)__wear school uniforms at school.(复合句)
(1)require doing/to be done 需要做
require sb.to do sth. 要求某人做某事
(2)It is required that ...(should) do sth.
要求……做某事
require that...(should) do sth.
命令/要求……
做某事
(3)requirement n. 要求，需要
meet/satisfy one’s requirements
满足某人的需要
[名师点津] require作“需要”时，其后跟v.ing主动形式表示被动的含义或不定式的被动式，即：require doing/to be done。类似用法的词还有need，want，deserve，be worth等。
demand n．要求；需要 v．要求；请求；需要
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(2019·江苏卷)More wind power stations will spring up to meet the demand for clean energy.
②a.The teacher came to the classroom and demanded to__be__told(tell) what was going on just now.
b．My car demands to__be__repaired/repairing(repair), so I have to go to work by bus.
③This is a demanding(demand) job and a small mistake can make a great difference.
④The boss demanded that everyone (should)__attend(attend) the meeting to be held tomorrow.
[能力提升]——词汇升级
⑤(普通表达) The Harry Potter books are quite popular；they are needed greatly in this city.
(高级表达)The Harry Potter books are quite popular; they are in__great__demand in this city.
(1)be in (great) demand (迫切)需求
meet/satisfy one’s demands(for...)
满足某人(对……)的需求
(2)demand to do sth. 要求做某事
demand that...(should) do sth.
要求……做
某事
(3)demand to be done/doing 某事需要被做
(4)demanding adj. 要求高的
[佳句背诵] The demand for natural resources is becoming an increasingly serious problem for the future of mankind.
对自然资源的需求正成为人类未来一个日益严峻的问题。
suffer vi.& vt.遭受(痛苦或困难)，受苦；经受(损失等)
[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错
①a. Our life is becoming better and better while in some countries there are still some people suffering(suffer) from hunger.
b．(2019·浙江卷6月)The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had__suffered(suffer) the greatest water shortage.
②It is hard to imagine the pain and suffering(suffer) these poor people went through during the winter months.
[能力提升]——完成句子/句式升级
③(普通表达)He had__never__suffered__such__a__great__loss(从未遭受过这么大的损失) before in his life, so he almost lost the hope for life.
④(高级表达)Never before in his life had__he__suffered__such__a__great__loss,__so he almost lost the hope for life.(倒装)
⑤(高级表达)Not having__suffered__such__a__great__loss before in his life, he almost lost the hope for life.(分词作状语)
(1)suffer作及物动词时，指遭受一般的痛苦、损害等，其宾语常为loss，pain，punishment，defeat，hardship，disappointment等。
(2)suffer from 受……苦；患病
(3)suffering n. 受苦；苦难
[佳句背诵] ①Neilson considers herself lucky though she suffered injuries.
尽管受了伤，尼尔森还是认为自己很幸运。(湖北卷)
②All day and all night it snowed, and the city began to suffer from a general traffic jam.
大雪不分昼夜地下，全城开始陷入交通大拥堵。
[词块助记] suffer from a heart attack 心脏病发作
suffer a great deal from cold and hunger 饥寒交迫
take...for granted 想当然地认为……，以为……理所当然；对……不予重视
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(2019·江苏卷)Chris and Tim offered us the answer: human beings took it for granted that their brains held all the solutions, but maybe their hearts can be a better guide.
②Take your education very seriously(serious). Your future depends on it.
③Take it easy. There is still one more week left before the exam begins.
[能力提升]——完成句子
④在给你的考卷打分时，我们会考虑到你近期生病的因素。
We will take your recent illness into__consideration when marking your exams.
(1)take it for granted that... 以为……理所当然
(2)take...seriously 认真对待……
take...into consideration 把……考虑在内
take it easy 放松点
take one’s time 慢慢来，不紧张
[佳句背诵] Some of us always take it for granted that our parents or grandparents should take care of us.
我们中的有些人总是理所当然地认为，父母或者祖父母应该照顾我们。
take up 站好位置以备……；拿起；开始从事；占据；继续；从事于；接受
[一词多义]——写出下列句中take up的含义
①(安徽卷)We tried to find a table for seven，but they were all taken up.占用
②(陕西卷)Peter will take up his post as the head of the travel agency at the end of next month.开始做，从事
③The teacher took up the lesson where he left off last week.继续
④Are you going to take up the challenge of lasting a whole week without arguing？接受
take in 欺骗；理解；领悟；吸收
take on 呈现；雇用；承担；从事
take over 掌管，控制；取代
take off 休息；起飞；突然成功；在(某段)休假
[词块助记] take up a new job 从事新的工作
take over the job as a manager 接任经理一职
take on a new look 呈现出崭新面貌
take off on time 正点起飞
consider＋宾语＋(to be/as) adj./n.认为……是……
(教材原句)One road in particular，which goes north from La Paz, is considered the most dangerous road in the world.
尤其是从拉巴斯通向北边的一条路被认为是世界上最危险的路。
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(陕西卷)I consider it impossible to__believe(believe) a single word you say.
②All the staff in our company are considering going(go) to the city centre for the fashion show.
③Yuan Longping is considered to__have__developed(develop) a special type of rice plant growing in the sea water in 2019.
[能力提升]——完成句子
④受邀参加聚会，他感到非常荣幸。
He considered__it__a__great__honour__to__be__invited to the party.
⑤我认为他不是这项工作的最佳人选。
I do not consider__him__as/to__be the best person for the work.
(1)consider it＋adj.＋to do sth./that...
认为……是……
sb.be considered to have done sth.
认为某人做过某事
consider＋从句 认为……
(2)consider doing sth. 考虑做某事
consider＋疑问词＋to do 考虑……
[佳句背诵] I’m writing the letter in the hope that you can consider these problems and make some improvements. 我写这封信是希望你们能考虑这些问题并有所改进。
[名师点津] consider可以跟不定式to be 作宾补，但不能跟to do sth.作宾补。但可以说be considered to do/to have done。
维度一 在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式
1．He was__listening(listen) to the song when memories of studying abroad came into his mind.
2．I sat in my room for a few minutes with my eyes fixed(fix) on the ceiling.
3．The matter related to people’s health surely requires to__be__dealt/dealing(deal) with carefully.
4．(浙江卷)A good listener takes part in the conversation, offering(offer) ideas and raising questions to keep the talk flowing.
5．The boss demanded that the work (should)__be__finished(finish) within a week, which made Mary very upset.
维度二 在空白处填入1个适当的单词
1．In common with Alice, Tom took up painting when he was young, but soon gave it up.
2．We shouldn’t take it for granted that we still have a lot of time before the 2021 College Entrance Examination.
3．—You must get a high income by doing that kind of job.
—Oh, my income is rather variable, but I earn 200 yuan a day on average.
4. (浙江卷) These comments came in response to specific questions often asked by local newsmen.
5. It is a good plan in theory, but it remains to be seen whether it works in practice.
维度三 派生词练习
1．The people in the two countries at war with each other suffered a lot and their sufferings were beyond description.(suffer)
2．With the guide directing us, we set off in the direction of the destination directly．(direct)
3．All applicants who have applied for the job must hand in the application forms before next Monday.(apply)
4．After a stressful week of work, all the employees were extremely stressed and tired. They complained that few could work efficiently under stress．(stress)
5．From his satisfied look we knew that he was satisfied with the satisfying result, and his father smiled with satisfaction．(satisfy)
维度四 完成句子/句型转换
1．我从报纸上了解到你们公司需要一名英文秘书，我写信申请该职位。(apply)
I learned from the newspaper that your company needs an English secretary, and I’m__writing__to__apply__for__the__position．
2．在这么令人害怕的情况下没有一个可以求助的人，她感到很无助。(with复合结构)
With__no__one__to__turn__to__for__help in such a frightening situation, she felt very helpless.
3．如果你能告诉我如何解决那个难题的话我将非常感激。(grateful)
I would__be__very__grateful__if you could tell me how to solve the difficult problem.
4．不要把你哥哥帮助你脱离困境看作是理所当然的，你应该感激他。(take ...for granted )
Don’t take__it__for__granted__that your brother helped you out of trouble. You should be grateful to him.
5．We want to know whether the drug affects people’s health.
→We want to know whether the drug has__an__effect__on people’s health.
提能一 语段填空(短文中黑体部分为本模块核心知识点，请补全短文，并背诵体会黑体部分用法)
Job interview is very important for every young man. When a company offers 1.to__give(give) you a chance, it is essential for you to get well prepared before you apply 2.for it. A 3.qualified(qualify) interviewee should suffer a lot instead of taking 4.it for granted. You are supposed to volunteer to ask some directors for 5.satisfying(satisfy) advice on how to behave well to meet the 6.requirements(require), which makes it 7.easier(easy) to give the interviewer an excellent impression. In theory, a good personality is helpful to your interview, so you should show respect to people 8.who give you a helping hand and be grateful to everything available. Besides, profound knowledge has a positive effect on your job interview 9.particularly(particular). Even though 10.encountering(encounter) some difficulties, you are not stressed. So in response to your effort, the boss will allow you to sign the contract.
提能二 话题写作(用本模块词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文)
假设你是李华，你校英语协会招聘志愿者，请你写信申请，要点如下：①申请做一名志愿者；②说明自己的优势和目的；③表达决心。
1．补全要点句(黑体部分请用本模块所学词汇)
①我想向您申请这个我校英语协会志愿者的职位。
I’d like to apply__to__you__for__the__position__as__a__volunteer of our school English association.
②作为一个外向的女孩，我从不把老师的关爱当作理所当然，我尽力去做老师要求做的事情。
As an outgoing__girl,__I have never taken__my__teacher’s__care__for__granted and try__my__best__to__do__what__the__teacher__requires．
③我主动帮助我的老师组织了几次令人满意的英语活动，这得到了老师和同学们的欣赏。
I have__offered__to__help__my__teacher__organise__several__satisfying__English__activities,__and they have been appreciated by both teachers and classmates.
④通过从事这项工作，我能提高我的组织能力和英语口语。
By taking__up__this__job,__I will be able to improve my organisational ability as well as my spoken English.
⑤我相信我胜任这个职位。
I am sure that I am__qualified__for__the__position．
⑥如果您能提供给我这个机会我将非常感激。
I would be__grateful__if__you__could__offer__me__the__chance．
2．升级平淡句
⑦用非限制性定语从句升级句③
I__have__offered__to__help__my__teacher__organise__several__satisfying__English__activities,__which__have__been__appreciated__by__both__teachers__and__classmates.
3．衔接成美文(注意用适当的过渡衔接词汇：to begin with, in addition, last but not least)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
Dear Sir/Madam，
I’d like to apply to you for the position as a volunteer of our school English association.
To begin with, as an outgoing girl, I have never taken my teacher’s care for granted and try my best to do what the teacher requires. In addition, I have offered to help my teacher organise several satisfying English activities, which have been appreciated by both teachers and classmates. Last but not least, by taking up this position, I will be able to improve my organisational ability as well as my spoken English.
I am sure that I am qualified for the position. I would be grateful if you could offer me the chance.
Yours，
Li Hua
(建议用时：35分钟)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2020·福建质量检查)TrailSafe! is a unique safety training program designed specifically for National Park Service(NPS) Trail Volunteers, but is useful to everyone! It’s based upon NPS Operational Leadership Training, where the human factor of safety is explored. TrailSafe! captures the core learning objectives of the 16hour Operational Leadership course while allowing volunteers to learn from their own homes online.
The TrailSafe! series includes eight video lessons, each ranging in length from 18 to 40 minutes. Watch them over the course of multiple days, or “bingewatch” the entire series in three hours—it’s up to you—but please watch them in order from Lesson 1 through Lesson 8. After viewing the lessons, send your training verification(证实) emails to register your participation. When you have viewed and registered for all eight individual lessons, each participant will receive a TrailSafe! pin and a SPE/GAR card in the mail for use in the field. Thank you for helping to make Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore one of the safest work environments for NPS Trail Volunteers like yourself.
Ready to start?
Click on this link to access all TrailSafe! videos: https: //www.nps.gov/iatr/trailsafe.htm
If you require Audio Descriptive versions of TrailSafe！， the link to those videos is also available on the Ice Age National Scenic Trail site.
Record your participation
In order to receive credits for your participation, please fill in your answers to the following questions and send an email to: daniel_watson@nps.gov.
●Which video lesson did you just complete viewing?
●Name of the Trail where you volunteer.
●Your name and full mailing address, so we may send your course completion materials to you.
●Names and addresses of others if you are viewing this lesson in a group setting.
●Optional：Please let us know any comments or suggestions you have about this lesson.
Upon registering your completion for the entire eight lesson series, you’ll receive your TrailSafe! pin and risk assessment card via mail.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了TrailSafe！道路安全培训课程的情况，包括学习方法、申报途径等。
1．What is the aim of TrailSafe！？
A．To develop volunteers’ operational leadership.
B．To offer links to the websites for learning.
C．To provide credits for viewing.
D．To pass the risk assessment.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段第二句“It’s based upon NPS Operational Leadership Training, where the human factor of safety is explored.”，并结合该段内容可知，TrailSafe！培训课程基于NPS运营领导培训，在此培训中探索安全方面的人为因素。据此可推知，该课程旨在开发志愿者的运营领导能力，故A项正确。
2．How long does it take the participants to watch the eight videos at a time?
A．18 minutes. B．40 minutes.
C．3 hours. D．16 hours.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第二句中的“‘bingewatch’ the entire series in three hours”可知，一次性看完8个视频课程需要3个小时，故C项正确。
3．What should the participants do to get a SPE/GAR card?
A．Watch and register for all the series.
B．Give some comments on the lessons.
C．Send and receive training mail.
D．Answer all of the questions.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段倒数第二句“When you have viewed and registered for all eight individual lessons, each participant will receive a TrailSafe! pin and a SPE/GAR card in the mail for use in the field.”可知，在观看并注册所有8个单独的课程后，每个参与者将会在邮箱里收到用于该领域的TrailSafe！徽章和SPE或GAR卡，故A项正确。
4．What can be inferred about the job of NPS Trail Volunteers?
A．It is popular with everyone.
B．It can be dangerous.
C．It shall be completed online.
D．It needs NPS working experience.
B 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段第一句中的“a unique safety training program designed specifically for National Park Service(NPS) Trail Volunteers”和第二句中的“where the human factor of safety is explored”以及最后一段中的“risk assessment”可推知，NPS道路志愿者工作是一项危险的工作，故B项正确。
B
(2020·江西三校联考)
It’s thought that around 5 trillion pieces of plastic are currently floating in our oceans.
Both mammals and fish benefit from the clean ocean. It is reported that more than 8 million tons of plastic end up in our oceans every year, and nearly half of the plastic we produce is singleuse only.
This shoe brand, however, is riding the wave of change and is on a mission to help clean up our waters and rid the sea of plastic bottles that can take up to 400 years to break down. Vivobarefoot’s newest footwear uses recycled plastic materials and has created an education program that spreads awareness about how harmful plastic is for sea life.
Every pair of shoes is made up of 17 plastic water bottles taken from the ocean and turned into a sustainable, comfortable pair of shoes, which are also healthy for your feet. And while not everyone can take part in ocean cleanups, choosing little ways we can give back to our planet goes a long way.
Vivobarefoot’s new products include a variety of high performance styles such as casual sneakers, running shoes, and hiking boots. The brand hopes that its latest initiative(新方案) will help lessen the indifference to pollution and how harmful it is for all living beings.
In the future, Vivobarefoot hopes to increase their production of shoes created from sustainable materials, and thankfully, it is now one of many brands that aim to increase environmentalism and educate communities on how global warming affects everyone.
This year, they’ll add more recyclable and traceable materials into more than half of their production line, and they have plenty of creative developments in the works as well.
The shoes also have a health benefit. Based on the concept that wider, minimally designed shoes enable our foot to function at maximum potential, wearers also experience better balance and sensory input.
【解题导语】 本文主要介绍了一家利用海洋中的废弃塑料瓶造鞋的公司。
5．How does the author make his point convincing?
A．By listing figures.
B．By telling a story.
C．By giving examples.
D．By making comparisons.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段和第二段所列举的数字可推知，作者是通过数字来增加说服力的，故选A。
6．What is Vivobarefoot doing to help with the marine creatures?
A．Donating money to buy food for them.
B．Keeping the ocean free from plastic bottles.
C．Producing more shoes from sustainable materials.
D．Raising public awareness of recycling and reuse.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“This shoe brand, however, is riding the wave of change and is on a mission to help clean up our waters and rid the sea of plastic bottles that can take up to 400 years to break down.”可知，这家公司是通过清除海洋塑料瓶来帮助海洋生物的，故选B。
7．What is probably Vivobarefoot’s operation philosophy?
A．Customerfocused.
B．Serviceoriented.
C．Moneysaving.
D．Environmentallyfriendly.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Every pair of shoes is...a sustainable, comfortable pair of shoes”和第六段中的“it is now one of many brands that aim to increase environmentalism and educate communities on how global warming affects everyone”可推知，这家公司的经营理念是环保，故选D。
8．What can we learn from the text?
A．Vivobarefoot’s new products haven’t been released.
B．Vivobarefoot is the most popular shoe brand in the world.
C．Vivobarefoot cares about not only its business but also public services.
D．Vivobarefoot is the first company to find the new function of waste materials.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“This year, they’ll add more recyclable and traceable materials into more than half of their production line, and they have plenty of creative developments in the works as well.”可推知，Vivobarefoot公司不仅仅关注生意，而且还关注公益服务，故选C。
Ⅱ.七选五
(2020·大连一模)In a study recently published in the journal Neuron, researchers found that super memorizers don’t have unusually large brain regions that allow them to remember a lot of information. 1.________ Here are a few of their favorite tricks that can help you to remember things in your everyday life.
To Remember: New words
Technique: Change routine
In a study, a group of students studied a list of words in two separate sessions. Some studied in a messy room and some in a neat space. One group of students spent both sessions in the same room, while the other split the sessions between the two environments. During a test, the students who studied in multiple places remembered much more. 2.________ That includes the time of day, the music in the background, whether you sit or stand, etc.
To Remember: Your PIN
Technique: Count it out
You could use your birthday, or your phone number, but identity thieves have a way of figuring those numbers out. 3.________ Write a four－word sentence, then count the number of letters in each word. For instance, “This is my PIN”＝4223.
To Remember: Faces
Technique: Focus on noses
While some super memorizers specialize in associating names with faces, the memory palace technique doesn’t work as well if the image of the face is changed in any way. Rather than focusing on eyes, as most people do, focus on the centre or to the left of a person’s nose. 4.________
To Remember: Facts & figures
Technique: 5.________
To learn and remember statistics, reviewing the material repeatedly over a longer time is far more effective than repeating it in a shorter one. If your exam is in a week, study today and then again in a day or two. If it’s a month away, study today and then wait a week before your second session.
A．Value exams
B．Give yourself time
C．This allows you to take in their whole face.
D．Their brain structures are in fact the same as ours.
E．Instead, try this tip from Dominic O’Brien, an eighttime World Memory Champion.
F．The theory is that your brain links the words to the environment around you.
G．Studies showed that varying other aspects of your environment can also help.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了四个有助于记忆的技巧。
1．D 解析：根据上文中的“super memorizers don’t have unusually large brain regions”可知，那些记忆达人并没有非常大的脑区域，他们的大脑结构实际上和我们的一样，故选D项。
2．G 解析：承接上文“During a test, the students who studied in multiple places remembered much more.”，并与空后一句“That includes the time of day, the music in the background, whether you sit or stand, etc.”呼应可知，其他方面的环境变化对记忆也是有帮助的，这与本段介绍的技巧Change routine相吻合，故选G项。
3．E 解析：根据空前一句“You could use...figuring those numbers out.”和空处下文的内容可知，空处推荐了一种不同的方法，这与第一段中效仿记忆达人的有效记忆策略相呼应，故选E项。
4．C 解析：根据本段的记忆主题Faces和空前一句“Rather than focusing on eyes...a person’s nose.”可知，通过集中注意力于一个人的鼻子可以让你记住一个人的整个面孔，故选C项。
5．B 解析：根据该段第一句“To learn and remember statistics, reviewing the material repeatedly over a longer time is far more effective than repeating it in a shorter one.”并结合对本段的整体理解可推知，本段推荐的记忆技巧是给自己时间，故选B项。
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2020·南昌重点中学段考)In today’s world of mobile payment, all we really need 1.____________(survive) is a smartphone. But one company is hoping to make traditional wallets cool again, by 2.____________(bring) them into the digital age.
Armenian firm Volterman’s smart wallet takes security to a new level. It’s fitted with different technology, such as 3.____________ alarm, a GPS tracker, and even a camera. If your smartphone and wallet become separate, the alarm will warn you 4.____________ you don’t leave it behind. And if your wallet 5.____________(lose) or stolen, the GPS tracker can help you reach it.
Even 6.____________(interesting) is the frontfacing camera. “If someone dares to open your wallet 7.__________ permission, a little camera inside 8.____________(take) a picture and send it to your mobile phone. You will find it 9.____________(easy) by receiving a picture of the thief，” Azat Tovmasyan, Volterman’s founder, told news site Banks.am.
The hightech wallet will be released later this year and will come in three 10.____________(model), with the cheapest expected to cost $179.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一种即将上市的智能钱包。
1．to survive 解析：考查非谓语动词。此处为动词不定式作状语表目的。该句意为：在当今的移动支付世界，我们生存真正需要的是一部智能手机。
2．bringing 解析：考查非谓语动词。根据空前的介词by可知，空处作该介词的宾语，故用动名词形式。该句意为：但有一家公司希望通过将传统钱包带入数字时代，让它们再次变酷。
3．an 解析：考查冠词。根据该句中的“a GPS tracker, and even a camera”并结合语境可知，该处泛指“一个警报器”，且alarm的发音以元音音素开头，故用不定冠词an。
4．so 解析：考查连词。句意：如果你的智能手机和钱包分开了，警报器会提醒你，这样你就不会忘记它。根据空处前后的句意可知，空处前后表示因果关系，故用so引导该结果状语从句。
5．is lost 解析：考查动词的时态和语态。句意：如果你的钱包丢失或被盗，GPS跟踪器可以帮助你找到它。if引导的条件状语从句中可用一般现在时表示将来，故空处用一般现在时；根据语境可知，空处表示丢失的状态，故用is lost。
6．more interesting 解析：考查形容词的比较级。上文介绍了如果你的钱包丢失或被盗，GPS跟踪器可以帮助你找到它的情况，结合该句中的“Even”可知，此处表示“更令人感兴趣的是前置摄像头”。故该处用形容词的比较级。
7．without 解析：考查介词。根据语境可知，如果有人胆敢在未经允许的情况下打开你的钱包，里面的一个小摄像头就会拍下照片并发送到你的手机上。without permission意为“未经允许”，为固定用法。
8．will take 解析：考查时态。分析句子结构可知，该句为主从复合句，从句为if引导的条件状语从句，使用了一般现在时，故主句用一般将来时。该句意为：如果有人胆敢在未经允许的情况下打开你的钱包，里面的一个小摄像头就会拍下照片并发送到你的手机上。
9．easily 解析：考查副词。空处修饰动词“find”，故用副词形式。
10．models 解析：考查名词的单复数。model为可数名词，根据空前的数词“three”可知，该处用复数形式。该句意为：这种高科技钱包的三个模型将于今年晚些时候上市，预计最便宜的价格是179美元。
一、语基必备知识
(一)重点词汇——分类记忆
Ⅰ.阅读词汇——在不认识的词汇前划√
intellectual adj. accountant n.
electrician n. sheer adj.
bend n. circular adj.
encounter n. profound adj.
mission n. qualified adj.
vertical adj. contract n.
salary n. staff n.
agent n. organisational adj.
post n. renewable adj.
youngster n. leisure n.
individual n.
Ⅱ.核心词汇——写其形
1．offer vi. (主动)提出(愿意做某事)
2．signal n. 信号
3．respect vt. 遵守
4．temporary adj. 暂时的；临时的
5．earn vt. 挣(钱)
6．permanent adj. 长久的；永久的；永恒的
7．essential adj. 必不可少的；绝对重要的
8．grateful adj. 感激的；感谢的
9．available adj. 可获得的
10．traditional adj. 传统的
11．double vi. 加倍
12．fitness n. 健康
13．outgoing adj. 外向的
14．personality n. 个性；性格
Ⅲ.拓展词汇——通其变
1．suffer vi.遭受(痛苦)→suffering n．痛苦
2．sign vt.签字；签署→signature n．签名；签字
3．require vt.需要；要求；命令→requirement n．需要；要求
4．volunteer n．志愿者 v．志愿→voluntary adj.志愿的；自愿的
5．demand n．要求；需要→demanding adj.要求高的；要求极严的
6．apply vi.申请→application n．申请→applicant n．申请者
7．freeze vi.冻住；冻僵→freezer n．冰箱→freezing adj.极冷的→frozen adj.冻住的；冻僵的
8．stress n．压力→stressful adj.充满压力的；紧张的→__stressed adj.有压力的；紧张的；心力交瘁的
9．satisfy vt.使满意→satisfying adj.令人满意的→satisfied adj.感到满意的→satisfaction n．满意；满足
10．direct vt.指挥；指引adj.直接的→direction n．方向；方位→directly adv.直接地；径直地→director n．指挥；导演
1.火眼金睛识别形近词
①contract n． 合同；契约
②contact v．& n. 接触，联系
③contrast v．& n. 对比，对照
2.“重要的”形容词一览
①essential 绝对重要的
②important 重要的
③significant 有重大意义的
④vital 至关重要的
⑤crucial 极其重要的
3.“性格”形容词大团圆
①outgoing 外向的
②easygoing 随和的
③optimistic 乐观的
④modest 谦虚的
⑤generous 宽宏大量的
(二)重点短语——记牢用活
1．in__particular 尤其；特别
2．on__average 平均
3．in__theory 理论上；从理论上来说
4．in__practice 实际上；在实践中
5．pass__by 经过
6．take...for__granted 以为……理所当然
7．have__an__effect__on 对……产生影响
8．take__up 站好位置以备……；开始从事
9．in__response__to 作为……的回应
1.“in＋n.”短语一览
①in practice 实际上
②in theory 理论上
③in demand 非常需要的
④in trouble 陷入困境
⑤in advance 提前
⑥in danger 在危险中
2.“in＋n.＋to”短语总动员
①in response to 作为……的回应
②in contrast to 与……相比
③in preference to 优先于
④in regard to 关于，对于
⑤in addition to 除……外
⑥in reply to 对……回复
3.“on＋n.”短语精选
①on average 平均
②on business 出差；做生意
③on sale 出售
④on duty 值日，值班
⑤on guard (保持)警惕
⑥on display/show 展示
(三)重点句式——背熟巧用
句型公式
教材原句
句型1：consider＋宾语＋(to be/as) adj./n.认为……是……
One road in particular, which goes north from La Paz, is__considered__the__most__dangerous__road in the world.
尤其是从拉巴斯通向北边的一条路被认为是世界上最危险的路。
句型2：with复合结构：with＋n.＋介词短语
Every morning he climbs up to the bend with__a__large__circular__board__in__his__hand.
每天早晨，他都手里拿着一个大圆板爬上弯道。
句型3：现在分词作状语表伴随
But often they just pass by, taking__the__human__traffic__signal__for__granted.
但经常他们只是(从他身旁)驶过，把人体交通标志看作理所当然的事情。
句型4：be doing...when...正在做……，这时……
He was__driving a lorry load of bananas when he came off the road at a bend and fell three hundred metres down the mountain.
他正驾驶着一辆满载香蕉的卡车，突然在一个拐弯处偏离车道坠落到山下300米处。
二、语境强化训练
Ⅰ.语境填词——根据提示写出该词的适当形式
A．根据汉语提示写出下列单词
1．He offered(主动提出) to lend me his new car but I refused, for I didn’t want to trouble him.
2．He found he could no longer cope with his demanding(要求高的) job.
3．I’m so grateful(感激的) to all those volunteers(志愿者) because they helped my terrible day end happily.
4．There are plenty of jobs available(可获得的) in the western part of the country.
5．After the meeting, she signalled(示意) that it was time for us to leave.
B．根据所给单词写出适当形式
6．Having bought what she wanted, she left the supermarket with satisfaction(satisfy)．
7．Though their personalities(personality) are different, they are getting along well with each other.
8．She finds her new job very stressful(stress) but she will never give it up.
9．We often buy everything abroad with the money earned(earn) from oil imports.
10．Einstein was one of the greatest scientists respected(respect) by the people all over the world.
Ⅱ.语境品词——写出加黑词汇在语境中的意义
1．(2019·天津卷)It is an essential part of who we are today and who we will become. 极其重要的
2．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)I think I am qualified to be a volunteer.Please give me a chance. 合格的；称职的
3．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Finally you climb into an arcticlike zone with permanent snow and the glaciers that may soon disappear.永久的
4．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)It also doesn’t require a new type of technology that people aren’t already familiar with.需要
Ⅲ.选词成篇
in practice; take...for granted; have an effect on; take up; in response to
Don’t 1.take__it__for__granted that people should help you when you are in trouble. I once got donations by people, which 2.had__an__effect__on me. Without people’s help, I wouldn’t have had enough money to go to college. So I often 3.take__up volunteer work 4.in__response__to people’s kindness.
in particular; on average; pass by; in theory
Tom is a young man who is always willing to help others, 5.in__particular those in trouble. Besides, he takes up a volunteer once a week 6.on__average. Once he was 7.passing__by a supermarket when he took notice of an old lady who fell off the steps. Without hesitation, he rushed to give first aid to her.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．我认为汤姆是我最好的朋友，他经常在学习上帮助我。
Tom, who often helps me with my study, is__considered__(to__be)__my__best__friend．
2．手里拿着邀请信，我不知道是否要去参加这个宴会。
I didn’t know whether to attend the party or not, with__the__invitation__in__hand．
3．我给你写一封信，希望能得到你的指导和建议。
So I’m writing you a letter, hoping__to__get__your__guide__and__suggestions．
4．我们正在操场上踢足球，这时下起了大雨。
We were__playing__football on the playground when__it began to rain heavily.
satisfying adj.令人满意的
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①a.(全国卷Ⅱ)Though I had a lot of experience and a Master’s degree, I could not find satisfying(satisfy) work.
b．From his satisfied(satisfy) voice on the phone I know everything is going under way.
②To my satisfaction(satisfy), my brother has made great progress in English in the past two months.
[能力提升]——完成句子/句式升级
③(普通表达)Because my English teacher __was__satisfied__with(满意) what I answered, he nodded with a smile.
④(高级表达)Satisfied__with__what__I__answered,__my English teacher nodded with a smile. (过去分词短语作状语)
(1)satisfy v． (使)满意；(使)满足
(2)satisfied adj. 感到满足的；满意的
be satisfied with 对……感到满意
(3)satisfaction n. [U]满意；满足；[C]令人
满意的事物
to one’s satisfaction 令人满意的是
[词块助记]
satisfy sb.’s curiosity 满足某人的好奇心
satisfy the demands/needs of the customers
满足客户要求
a feeling/sense of satisfaction 满足感
offer vt.& vi.提供；(主动)提出(愿意做某事) n．出价；提议
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(2018·浙江卷6月)If a neighbor is going to be out of town, offer to__collect(collect) mail and newspapers.
②a.(2019·北京卷)A retired engineer, 76yearold Wilson has been offering free rides to college students for the past eight years.
b．(湖南卷)They’ve offered us ￡ 150，000 for the house. Shall we take it?
[能力提升]——完成句子
③(陕西卷)当时正下着大雨，因此我接受了他搭便车的提议。
It was pouring with rain so I accepted__his__offer__of__a__lift．
④(浙江卷)团队工作给我提供了一个学习如何与他人相处的机会。
Working in a team offers__me__a__chance/offers__a__chance__to__me to learn how to get along with others.
(1)offer to do sth. 主动做某事
offer sb. sth.＝offer sth.to sb.
给某人提供某物
(2)offer sb. money for sth./to buy sth.
向某人出价购买某物
offer sth. for money 以多少钱出售某物
(3)make an offer to do sth. 提议做某事
accept one’s offer 接受某人的建议
[名师点津] 表示“提供给某人某物”的常见短语还有：
①supply sb. with sth.＝supply sth.to sb.
②provide sb. with sth.＝provide sth. for sb.
apply vi.申请；适用；请求；专心于 vt.申请；应用
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①a.(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Knowing an exhibition of Chinese painting will be held at the gallery next month, I am writing to apply for the chance to become a volunteer.
b．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)We had to write a paper on how we plan to apply what we would learn in class to our future professions and, eventually, to our lives.
②a.(福建卷)To my delight, I was chosen from hundreds of applicants(apply) to attend the opening ceremony.
b．Eventually, however, I won the support of my family, and I sent in all the paperwork needed for the application(apply)．
[能力提升]——完成句子/句式升级
③(普通表达)If you apply__yourself__to(专心于) your study, you’ll make more progress.
④(高级表达)Applying__yourself__to__your__study,__you’ll make more progress. (现在分词短语作状语)
(1)apply (to sb.) for sth. (向某人) 申请某事
apply...to... 把……应用于……
apply to sb./sth. 适用于/运用于某
人/某物
apply oneself to (doing) sth.
集中精力于(做)某事，
专注于(做)某事
(2)application n． 请求；申请；申请
表；应用
applicant n. 申请人
[词块助记] apply for a job/passport/visa
申请工作/护照/签证
apply the emergency brakes 使用紧急刹车
apply one’s energies into/to a job
致力于一项工作
require vt.需要；要求，命令
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(2019·天津卷)A dog’s eating habit requires(require) regular training before it is properly established.
②a.All the problems put forward at the meeting require solving/to__be__solved(solve) in one month.
b．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)If you want to apply for membership, you are required to__fill(fill) in the application form and send an email to pingpang@163.com.
③a.(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)So significant is the game that it is required that everyone (should)__present(present) themselves punctually.
b．The workers required that their pay (should)__be__raised(raise) and finally the manager had to satisfy their requirements(require)．
[能力提升]——一句多译
校长要求所有的学生在学校穿校服。
④The headmaster required__all__the__students__to__wear school uniforms at school.(简单句)
⑤The headmaster required__that__all__the__students(should)__wear school uniforms at school.(复合句)
(1)require doing/to be done 需要做
require sb.to do sth. 要求某人做某事
(2)It is required that ...(should) do sth.
要求……做某事
require that...(should) do sth.
命令/要求……
做某事
(3)requirement n. 要求，需要
meet/satisfy one’s requirements
满足某人的需要
[名师点津] require作“需要”时，其后跟v.ing主动形式表示被动的含义或不定式的被动式，即：require doing/to be done。类似用法的词还有need，want，deserve，be worth等。
demand n．要求；需要 v．要求；请求；需要
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(2019·江苏卷)More wind power stations will spring up to meet the demand for clean energy.
②a.The teacher came to the classroom and demanded to__be__told(tell) what was going on just now.
b．My car demands to__be__repaired/repairing(repair), so I have to go to work by bus.
③This is a demanding(demand) job and a small mistake can make a great difference.
④The boss demanded that everyone (should)__attend(attend) the meeting to be held tomorrow.
[能力提升]——词汇升级
⑤(普通表达) The Harry Potter books are quite popular；they are needed greatly in this city.
(高级表达)The Harry Potter books are quite popular; they are in__great__demand in this city.
(1)be in (great) demand (迫切)需求
meet/satisfy one’s demands(for...)
满足某人(对……)的需求
(2)demand to do sth. 要求做某事
demand that...(should) do sth.
要求……做
某事
(3)demand to be done/doing 某事需要被做
(4)demanding adj. 要求高的
[佳句背诵] The demand for natural resources is becoming an increasingly serious problem for the future of mankind.
对自然资源的需求正成为人类未来一个日益严峻的问题。
suffer vi.& vt.遭受(痛苦或困难)，受苦；经受(损失等)
[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错
①a. Our life is becoming better and better while in some countries there are still some people suffering(suffer) from hunger.
b．(2019·浙江卷6月)The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had__suffered(suffer) the greatest water shortage.
②It is hard to imagine the pain and suffering(suffer) these poor people went through during the winter months.
[能力提升]——完成句子/句式升级
③(普通表达)He had__never__suffered__such__a__great__loss(从未遭受过这么大的损失) before in his life, so he almost lost the hope for life.
④(高级表达)Never before in his life had__he__suffered__such__a__great__loss,__so he almost lost the hope for life.(倒装)
⑤(高级表达)Not having__suffered__such__a__great__loss before in his life, he almost lost the hope for life.(分词作状语)
(1)suffer作及物动词时，指遭受一般的痛苦、损害等，其宾语常为loss，pain，punishment，defeat，hardship，disappointment等。
(2)suffer from 受……苦；患病
(3)suffering n. 受苦；苦难
[佳句背诵] ①Neilson considers herself lucky though she suffered injuries.
尽管受了伤，尼尔森还是认为自己很幸运。(湖北卷)
②All day and all night it snowed, and the city began to suffer from a general traffic jam.
大雪不分昼夜地下，全城开始陷入交通大拥堵。
[词块助记] suffer from a heart attack 心脏病发作
suffer a great deal from cold and hunger 饥寒交迫
take...for granted 想当然地认为……，以为……理所当然；对……不予重视
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(2019·江苏卷)Chris and Tim offered us the answer: human beings took it for granted that their brains held all the solutions, but maybe their hearts can be a better guide.
②Take your education very seriously(serious). Your future depends on it.
③Take it easy. There is still one more week left before the exam begins.
[能力提升]——完成句子
④在给你的考卷打分时，我们会考虑到你近期生病的因素。
We will take your recent illness into__consideration when marking your exams.
(1)take it for granted that... 以为……理所当然
(2)take...seriously 认真对待……
take...into consideration 把……考虑在内
take it easy 放松点
take one’s time 慢慢来，不紧张
[佳句背诵] Some of us always take it for granted that our parents or grandparents should take care of us.
我们中的有些人总是理所当然地认为，父母或者祖父母应该照顾我们。
take up 站好位置以备……；拿起；开始从事；占据；继续；从事于；接受
[一词多义]——写出下列句中take up的含义
①(安徽卷)We tried to find a table for seven，but they were all taken up.占用
②(陕西卷)Peter will take up his post as the head of the travel agency at the end of next month.开始做，从事
③The teacher took up the lesson where he left off last week.继续
④Are you going to take up the challenge of lasting a whole week without arguing？接受
take in 欺骗；理解；领悟；吸收
take on 呈现；雇用；承担；从事
take over 掌管，控制；取代
take off 休息；起飞；突然成功；在(某段)休假
[词块助记] take up a new job 从事新的工作
take over the job as a manager 接任经理一职
take on a new look 呈现出崭新面貌
take off on time 正点起飞
consider＋宾语＋(to be/as) adj./n.认为……是……
(教材原句)One road in particular，which goes north from La Paz, is considered the most dangerous road in the world.
尤其是从拉巴斯通向北边的一条路被认为是世界上最危险的路。
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(陕西卷)I consider it impossible to__believe(believe) a single word you say.
②All the staff in our company are considering going(go) to the city centre for the fashion show.
③Yuan Longping is considered to__have__developed(develop) a special type of rice plant growing in the sea water in 2019.
[能力提升]——完成句子
④受邀参加聚会，他感到非常荣幸。
He considered__it__a__great__honour__to__be__invited to the party.
⑤我认为他不是这项工作的最佳人选。
I do not consider__him__as/to__be the best person for the work.
(1)consider it＋adj.＋to do sth./that...
认为……是……
sb.be considered to have done sth.
认为某人做过某事
consider＋从句 认为……
(2)consider doing sth. 考虑做某事
consider＋疑问词＋to do 考虑……
[佳句背诵] I’m writing the letter in the hope that you can consider these problems and make some improvements. 我写这封信是希望你们能考虑这些问题并有所改进。
[名师点津] consider可以跟不定式to be 作宾补，但不能跟to do sth.作宾补。但可以说be considered to do/to have done。
维度一 在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式
1．He was__listening(listen) to the song when memories of studying abroad came into his mind.
2．I sat in my room for a few minutes with my eyes fixed(fix) on the ceiling.
3．The matter related to people’s health surely requires to__be__dealt/dealing(deal) with carefully.
4．(浙江卷)A good listener takes part in the conversation, offering(offer) ideas and raising questions to keep the talk flowing.
5．The boss demanded that the work (should)__be__finished(finish) within a week, which made Mary very upset.
维度二 在空白处填入1个适当的单词
1．In common with Alice, Tom took up painting when he was young, but soon gave it up.
2．We shouldn’t take it for granted that we still have a lot of time before the 2021 College Entrance Examination.
3．—You must get a high income by doing that kind of job.
—Oh, my income is rather variable, but I earn 200 yuan a day on average.
4. (浙江卷) These comments came in response to specific questions often asked by local newsmen.
5. It is a good plan in theory, but it remains to be seen whether it works in practice.
维度三 派生词练习
1．The people in the two countries at war with each other suffered a lot and their sufferings were beyond description.(suffer)
2．With the guide directing us, we set off in the direction of the destination directly．(direct)
3．All applicants who have applied for the job must hand in the application forms before next Monday.(apply)
4．After a stressful week of work, all the employees were extremely stressed and tired. They complained that few could work efficiently under stress．(stress)
5．From his satisfied look we knew that he was satisfied with the satisfying result, and his father smiled with satisfaction．(satisfy)
维度四 完成句子/句型转换
1．我从报纸上了解到你们公司需要一名英文秘书，我写信申请该职位。(apply)
I learned from the newspaper that your company needs an English secretary, and I’m__writing__to__apply__for__the__position．
2．在这么令人害怕的情况下没有一个可以求助的人，她感到很无助。(with复合结构)
With__no__one__to__turn__to__for__help in such a frightening situation, she felt very helpless.
3．如果你能告诉我如何解决那个难题的话我将非常感激。(grateful)
I would__be__very__grateful__if you could tell me how to solve the difficult problem.
4．不要把你哥哥帮助你脱离困境看作是理所当然的，你应该感激他。(take ...for granted )
Don’t take__it__for__granted__that your brother helped you out of trouble. You should be grateful to him.
5．We want to know whether the drug affects people’s health.
→We want to know whether the drug has__an__effect__on people’s health.
提能一 语段填空(短文中黑体部分为本模块核心知识点，请补全短文，并背诵体会黑体部分用法)
Job interview is very important for every young man. When a company offers 1.to__give(give) you a chance, it is essential for you to get well prepared before you apply 2.for it. A 3.qualified(qualify) interviewee should suffer a lot instead of taking 4.it for granted. You are supposed to volunteer to ask some directors for 5.satisfying(satisfy) advice on how to behave well to meet the 6.requirements(require), which makes it 7.easier(easy) to give the interviewer an excellent impression. In theory, a good personality is helpful to your interview, so you should show respect to people 8.who give you a helping hand and be grateful to everything available. Besides, profound knowledge has a positive effect on your job interview 9.particularly(particular). Even though 10.encountering(encounter) some difficulties, you are not stressed. So in response to your effort, the boss will allow you to sign the contract.
提能二 话题写作(用本模块词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文)
假设你是李华，你校英语协会招聘志愿者，请你写信申请，要点如下：①申请做一名志愿者；②说明自己的优势和目的；③表达决心。
1．补全要点句(黑体部分请用本模块所学词汇)
①我想向您申请这个我校英语协会志愿者的职位。
I’d like to apply__to__you__for__the__position__as__a__volunteer of our school English association.
②作为一个外向的女孩，我从不把老师的关爱当作理所当然，我尽力去做老师要求做的事情。
As an outgoing__girl,__I have never taken__my__teacher’s__care__for__granted and try__my__best__to__do__what__the__teacher__requires．
③我主动帮助我的老师组织了几次令人满意的英语活动，这得到了老师和同学们的欣赏。
I have__offered__to__help__my__teacher__organise__several__satisfying__English__activities,__and they have been appreciated by both teachers and classmates.
④通过从事这项工作，我能提高我的组织能力和英语口语。
By taking__up__this__job,__I will be able to improve my organisational ability as well as my spoken English.
⑤我相信我胜任这个职位。
I am sure that I am__qualified__for__the__position．
⑥如果您能提供给我这个机会我将非常感激。
I would be__grateful__if__you__could__offer__me__the__chance．
2．升级平淡句
⑦用非限制性定语从句升级句③
I__have__offered__to__help__my__teacher__organise__several__satisfying__English__activities,__which__have__been__appreciated__by__both__teachers__and__classmates.
3．衔接成美文(注意用适当的过渡衔接词汇：to begin with, in addition, last but not least)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
Dear Sir/Madam，
I’d like to apply to you for the position as a volunteer of our school English association.
To begin with, as an outgoing girl, I have never taken my teacher’s care for granted and try my best to do what the teacher requires. In addition, I have offered to help my teacher organise several satisfying English activities, which have been appreciated by both teachers and classmates. Last but not least, by taking up this position, I will be able to improve my organisational ability as well as my spoken English.
I am sure that I am qualified for the position. I would be grateful if you could offer me the chance.
Yours，
Li Hua
(建议用时：35分钟)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2020·福建质量检查)TrailSafe! is a unique safety training program designed specifically for National Park Service(NPS) Trail Volunteers, but is useful to everyone! It’s based upon NPS Operational Leadership Training, where the human factor of safety is explored. TrailSafe! captures the core learning objectives of the 16hour Operational Leadership course while allowing volunteers to learn from their own homes online.
The TrailSafe! series includes eight video lessons, each ranging in length from 18 to 40 minutes. Watch them over the course of multiple days, or “bingewatch” the entire series in three hours—it’s up to you—but please watch them in order from Lesson 1 through Lesson 8. After viewing the lessons, send your training verification(证实) emails to register your participation. When you have viewed and registered for all eight individual lessons, each participant will receive a TrailSafe! pin and a SPE/GAR card in the mail for use in the field. Thank you for helping to make Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore one of the safest work environments for NPS Trail Volunteers like yourself.
Ready to start?
Click on this link to access all TrailSafe! videos: https: //www.nps.gov/iatr/trailsafe.htm
If you require Audio Descriptive versions of TrailSafe！， the link to those videos is also available on the Ice Age National Scenic Trail site.
Record your participation
In order to receive credits for your participation, please fill in your answers to the following questions and send an email to: daniel_watson@nps.gov.
●Which video lesson did you just complete viewing?
●Name of the Trail where you volunteer.
●Your name and full mailing address, so we may send your course completion materials to you.
●Names and addresses of others if you are viewing this lesson in a group setting.
●Optional：Please let us know any comments or suggestions you have about this lesson.
Upon registering your completion for the entire eight lesson series, you’ll receive your TrailSafe! pin and risk assessment card via mail.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了TrailSafe！道路安全培训课程的情况，包括学习方法、申报途径等。
1．What is the aim of TrailSafe！？
A．To develop volunteers’ operational leadership.
B．To offer links to the websites for learning.
C．To provide credits for viewing.
D．To pass the risk assessment.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段第二句“It’s based upon NPS Operational Leadership Training, where the human factor of safety is explored.”，并结合该段内容可知，TrailSafe！培训课程基于NPS运营领导培训，在此培训中探索安全方面的人为因素。据此可推知，该课程旨在开发志愿者的运营领导能力，故A项正确。
2．How long does it take the participants to watch the eight videos at a time?
A．18 minutes. B．40 minutes.
C．3 hours. D．16 hours.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第二句中的“‘bingewatch’ the entire series in three hours”可知，一次性看完8个视频课程需要3个小时，故C项正确。
3．What should the participants do to get a SPE/GAR card?
A．Watch and register for all the series.
B．Give some comments on the lessons.
C．Send and receive training mail.
D．Answer all of the questions.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段倒数第二句“When you have viewed and registered for all eight individual lessons, each participant will receive a TrailSafe! pin and a SPE/GAR card in the mail for use in the field.”可知，在观看并注册所有8个单独的课程后，每个参与者将会在邮箱里收到用于该领域的TrailSafe！徽章和SPE或GAR卡，故A项正确。
4．What can be inferred about the job of NPS Trail Volunteers?
A．It is popular with everyone.
B．It can be dangerous.
C．It shall be completed online.
D．It needs NPS working experience.
B 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段第一句中的“a unique safety training program designed specifically for National Park Service(NPS) Trail Volunteers”和第二句中的“where the human factor of safety is explored”以及最后一段中的“risk assessment”可推知，NPS道路志愿者工作是一项危险的工作，故B项正确。
B
(2020·江西三校联考)
It’s thought that around 5 trillion pieces of plastic are currently floating in our oceans.
Both mammals and fish benefit from the clean ocean. It is reported that more than 8 million tons of plastic end up in our oceans every year, and nearly half of the plastic we produce is singleuse only.
This shoe brand, however, is riding the wave of change and is on a mission to help clean up our waters and rid the sea of plastic bottles that can take up to 400 years to break down. Vivobarefoot’s newest footwear uses recycled plastic materials and has created an education program that spreads awareness about how harmful plastic is for sea life.
Every pair of shoes is made up of 17 plastic water bottles taken from the ocean and turned into a sustainable, comfortable pair of shoes, which are also healthy for your feet. And while not everyone can take part in ocean cleanups, choosing little ways we can give back to our planet goes a long way.
Vivobarefoot’s new products include a variety of high performance styles such as casual sneakers, running shoes, and hiking boots. The brand hopes that its latest initiative(新方案) will help lessen the indifference to pollution and how harmful it is for all living beings.
In the future, Vivobarefoot hopes to increase their production of shoes created from sustainable materials, and thankfully, it is now one of many brands that aim to increase environmentalism and educate communities on how global warming affects everyone.
This year, they’ll add more recyclable and traceable materials into more than half of their production line, and they have plenty of creative developments in the works as well.
The shoes also have a health benefit. Based on the concept that wider, minimally designed shoes enable our foot to function at maximum potential, wearers also experience better balance and sensory input.
【解题导语】 本文主要介绍了一家利用海洋中的废弃塑料瓶造鞋的公司。
5．How does the author make his point convincing?
A．By listing figures.
B．By telling a story.
C．By giving examples.
D．By making comparisons.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段和第二段所列举的数字可推知，作者是通过数字来增加说服力的，故选A。
6．What is Vivobarefoot doing to help with the marine creatures?
A．Donating money to buy food for them.
B．Keeping the ocean free from plastic bottles.
C．Producing more shoes from sustainable materials.
D．Raising public awareness of recycling and reuse.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“This shoe brand, however, is riding the wave of change and is on a mission to help clean up our waters and rid the sea of plastic bottles that can take up to 400 years to break down.”可知，这家公司是通过清除海洋塑料瓶来帮助海洋生物的，故选B。
7．What is probably Vivobarefoot’s operation philosophy?
A．Customerfocused.
B．Serviceoriented.
C．Moneysaving.
D．Environmentallyfriendly.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Every pair of shoes is...a sustainable, comfortable pair of shoes”和第六段中的“it is now one of many brands that aim to increase environmentalism and educate communities on how global warming affects everyone”可推知，这家公司的经营理念是环保，故选D。
8．What can we learn from the text?
A．Vivobarefoot’s new products haven’t been released.
B．Vivobarefoot is the most popular shoe brand in the world.
C．Vivobarefoot cares about not only its business but also public services.
D．Vivobarefoot is the first company to find the new function of waste materials.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“This year, they’ll add more recyclable and traceable materials into more than half of their production line, and they have plenty of creative developments in the works as well.”可推知，Vivobarefoot公司不仅仅关注生意，而且还关注公益服务，故选C。
Ⅱ.七选五
(2020·大连一模)In a study recently published in the journal Neuron, researchers found that super memorizers don’t have unusually large brain regions that allow them to remember a lot of information. 1.________ Here are a few of their favorite tricks that can help you to remember things in your everyday life.
To Remember: New words
Technique: Change routine
In a study, a group of students studied a list of words in two separate sessions. Some studied in a messy room and some in a neat space. One group of students spent both sessions in the same room, while the other split the sessions between the two environments. During a test, the students who studied in multiple places remembered much more. 2.________ That includes the time of day, the music in the background, whether you sit or stand, etc.
To Remember: Your PIN
Technique: Count it out
You could use your birthday, or your phone number, but identity thieves have a way of figuring those numbers out. 3.________ Write a four－word sentence, then count the number of letters in each word. For instance, “This is my PIN”＝4223.
To Remember: Faces
Technique: Focus on noses
While some super memorizers specialize in associating names with faces, the memory palace technique doesn’t work as well if the image of the face is changed in any way. Rather than focusing on eyes, as most people do, focus on the centre or to the left of a person’s nose. 4.________
To Remember: Facts & figures
Technique: 5.________
To learn and remember statistics, reviewing the material repeatedly over a longer time is far more effective than repeating it in a shorter one. If your exam is in a week, study today and then again in a day or two. If it’s a month away, study today and then wait a week before your second session.
A．Value exams
B．Give yourself time
C．This allows you to take in their whole face.
D．Their brain structures are in fact the same as ours.
E．Instead, try this tip from Dominic O’Brien, an eighttime World Memory Champion.
F．The theory is that your brain links the words to the environment around you.
G．Studies showed that varying other aspects of your environment can also help.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了四个有助于记忆的技巧。
1．D 解析：根据上文中的“super memorizers don’t have unusually large brain regions”可知，那些记忆达人并没有非常大的脑区域，他们的大脑结构实际上和我们的一样，故选D项。
2．G 解析：承接上文“During a test, the students who studied in multiple places remembered much more.”，并与空后一句“That includes the time of day, the music in the background, whether you sit or stand, etc.”呼应可知，其他方面的环境变化对记忆也是有帮助的，这与本段介绍的技巧Change routine相吻合，故选G项。
3．E 解析：根据空前一句“You could use...figuring those numbers out.”和空处下文的内容可知，空处推荐了一种不同的方法，这与第一段中效仿记忆达人的有效记忆策略相呼应，故选E项。
4．C 解析：根据本段的记忆主题Faces和空前一句“Rather than focusing on eyes...a person’s nose.”可知，通过集中注意力于一个人的鼻子可以让你记住一个人的整个面孔，故选C项。
5．B 解析：根据该段第一句“To learn and remember statistics, reviewing the material repeatedly over a longer time is far more effective than repeating it in a shorter one.”并结合对本段的整体理解可推知，本段推荐的记忆技巧是给自己时间，故选B项。
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2020·南昌重点中学段考)In today’s world of mobile payment, all we really need 1.____________(survive) is a smartphone. But one company is hoping to make traditional wallets cool again, by 2.____________(bring) them into the digital age.
Armenian firm Volterman’s smart wallet takes security to a new level. It’s fitted with different technology, such as 3.____________ alarm, a GPS tracker, and even a camera. If your smartphone and wallet become separate, the alarm will warn you 4.____________ you don’t leave it behind. And if your wallet 5.____________(lose) or stolen, the GPS tracker can help you reach it.
Even 6.____________(interesting) is the frontfacing camera. “If someone dares to open your wallet 7.__________ permission, a little camera inside 8.____________(take) a picture and send it to your mobile phone. You will find it 9.____________(easy) by receiving a picture of the thief，” Azat Tovmasyan, Volterman’s founder, told news site Banks.am.
The hightech wallet will be released later this year and will come in three 10.____________(model), with the cheapest expected to cost $179.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一种即将上市的智能钱包。
1．to survive 解析：考查非谓语动词。此处为动词不定式作状语表目的。该句意为：在当今的移动支付世界，我们生存真正需要的是一部智能手机。
2．bringing 解析：考查非谓语动词。根据空前的介词by可知，空处作该介词的宾语，故用动名词形式。该句意为：但有一家公司希望通过将传统钱包带入数字时代，让它们再次变酷。
3．an 解析：考查冠词。根据该句中的“a GPS tracker, and even a camera”并结合语境可知，该处泛指“一个警报器”，且alarm的发音以元音音素开头，故用不定冠词an。
4．so 解析：考查连词。句意：如果你的智能手机和钱包分开了，警报器会提醒你，这样你就不会忘记它。根据空处前后的句意可知，空处前后表示因果关系，故用so引导该结果状语从句。
5．is lost 解析：考查动词的时态和语态。句意：如果你的钱包丢失或被盗，GPS跟踪器可以帮助你找到它。if引导的条件状语从句中可用一般现在时表示将来，故空处用一般现在时；根据语境可知，空处表示丢失的状态，故用is lost。
6．more interesting 解析：考查形容词的比较级。上文介绍了如果你的钱包丢失或被盗，GPS跟踪器可以帮助你找到它的情况，结合该句中的“Even”可知，此处表示“更令人感兴趣的是前置摄像头”。故该处用形容词的比较级。
7．without 解析：考查介词。根据语境可知，如果有人胆敢在未经允许的情况下打开你的钱包，里面的一个小摄像头就会拍下照片并发送到你的手机上。without permission意为“未经允许”，为固定用法。
8．will take 解析：考查时态。分析句子结构可知，该句为主从复合句，从句为if引导的条件状语从句，使用了一般现在时，故主句用一般将来时。该句意为：如果有人胆敢在未经允许的情况下打开你的钱包，里面的一个小摄像头就会拍下照片并发送到你的手机上。
9．easily 解析：考查副词。空处修饰动词“find”，故用副词形式。
10．models 解析：考查名词的单复数。model为可数名词，根据空前的数词“three”可知，该处用复数形式。该句意为：这种高科技钱包的三个模型将于今年晚些时候上市，预计最便宜的价格是179美元。
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