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一、语基必备知识
(一)重点词汇——分类记忆
Ⅰ.阅读词汇——在不认识的词汇前划√
brick n． alternative adj.
resource n. material n.
solar adj. urban adj.
arrest vt. fire vt.
outdoors adv. online adv.
recreation n. surgery n.
optimistic adj. definitely adv.
eventually adv.
Ⅱ.核心词汇——写其形
1．limit n． (常作复数) 范围
2．command n. 命令；指令
3．charge n. 费用；价钱
4．power vt. 供给动力
5．switch n. 开关
vi. 交换；调换
6．shape vt. 造成……形状
Ⅲ.拓展词汇——通其变
1．mud n．泥→muddy adj.泥泞的；浑浊的；灰暗的
2．crime n．罪；罪行→criminal n．罪犯；犯人
3．predict vt.预言；预料→prediction n．预测
4．risk__vt.&__n．冒险→risky adj.危险的；冒险的
5．rely vi.依赖；依靠→reliable adj.可信赖的；可依靠的
6．load vt.装；装载→unload v．卸载→download v．下载
7．disable vt.使伤残，使失去能力→disability n．失去能力；伤残→disabled adj.残疾的；丧失能力的
8．attach vt.系；贴；连接→attachment n．附属；(邮件)附件
1.n.＋y＝adj.
①risk→risky 危险的；
冒险的
②dirt→dirty 肮脏的
③luck→lucky 幸运的
④rock→rocky 多岩石的
⑤wind→windy 多风的；
有风的
⑥sleep→sleepy 困倦的
2.“乐观，悲观”词汇全接触
①optimistic adj. 乐观的；
乐观主义的
②optimism n. 乐观；乐观主义
③optimist n. 乐观主义者
④pessimistic adj. 悲观的；
悲观主义的
⑤pessimism n. 悲观；悲观主义
⑥pessimist n. 悲观主义者
3.名词后缀ity一览
①disability 失去能力；伤残
②possibility 可能性
③equality 平等
④reality 现实
⑤nationality 国籍
⑥popularity 受欢迎；普及；
流行
(二)重点短语——记牢用活
1．for__sure 肯定地
2．run__out (某物) 用完；不多了；没有了
3．rely__on 依靠；依赖
4．get__rid__of 除掉；处理掉；摆脱
5．free__of__charge 免费
6．use__up 用完
7．look__out 小心；当心
8．for__a__start 首先，一开始
9．on__the__way__out 即将被淘汰；即将过时
10．carry__out 开展；执行；进行
1.“小心；当心”短语全扫描
①look out 小心；当心
②take care 注意；小心
③be careful 小心；细心
④be cautious 小心
2.way短语大观园
①on the way out 即将被淘汰；即将过时
②on the way 在路上
③in the way 阻挡
④in a way 在某种程度上；不完全地
⑤in no way 决不
(三)重点句式——背熟巧用
句型公式
教材原句
句型1：no matter where引导让步状语从句
Everyone will be given a telephone number at birth that will never change no__matter__where__they__live.
每个人在出生时都会领到一个电话号码，无论他们生活在什么地方，这个号码都不会改变。
句型2：too...to do sth.太……而不能做某事
I’m too__busy__enjoying__my__life__now__to__worry__about the future！
我现在忙于享受生活，而无暇为未来担忧！
句型3：not all...表示部分否定，意为“并非所有的……都……”
Not__all__predictions come true.
并不是所有的预言都会成为现实。
二、语境强化训练
Ⅰ.语境填词——根据提示写出该词的适当形式
A．根据汉语提示写出下列单词
1．The person charged(指控) with murder proved to be innocent at last.
2．You’re a powerful(有影响力的) man—people will listen to you.
3．Lighthearted and optimistic(乐观的), she is the sort of woman to spread sunshine to people through her smile.
4．Change is much easier when you have many supporting partners and unlimited resources(资源)．
5．(2018·江苏卷)With these analyses in mind, art students need not worry about their career and have an alternative(供选择的) plan.
B．根据所给单词写出适当形式
6．Childhood experience often plays a big part in shaping(shape) one’s character.
7．He was born in a poor family, and only received limited(limit) education in his childhood.
8．Eventually(eventual) your child will leave home to lead her own life as a fully independent adult.
9．A new series of simple English reading materials(material) for middle school students has come out this year.
10．The lorry, loaded(load) with bricks, broke down suddenly in the middle of the bridge.
Ⅱ.语境品词——写出加黑词汇在语境中的意义
1．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)At first the price of single copies was seldom a penny—usually two or three cents was charged—and some of the older wellknown papers charged five or six cents.要价
2．(2019·江苏卷) Emma had never taken herself as a crane and become deeply attached to humans.依恋；附属于
3．(2019·天津卷)It would help shape a realistic and serious attitude to life.塑造
4．(2019·天津卷)A committee of teachers will evaluate materials and give opinions.材料
5．(江西卷)The troops were commanded by General Haig. 指挥
Ⅲ.选词成篇
for sure; run out; rely on; get rid of; use up; look out
No one knows what will happen 1.for__sure in the future. Besides, no one can predict what we can 2.rely__on when natural resources 3.run__out/are__used__up. However, what we can do now is to protect the environment. We should try our best to 4.get__rid__of bad habits.
place an order/orders; free of charge; for a start; on the way out
In this shopping day, I didn’t 5.place__an__order with goods from the Internet. 6.For__a__start,__not all the goods are of high quality. Besides, though the delivery of many goods are 7.free__of__charge,__they are often delayed.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．无论明天发生什么，只要保持微笑，你就不会后悔。
No__matter__what__happens tomorrow, just keep smiling and you won’t regret.
2．我们本打算旅游两天，但是太忙了，抽不出时间。
We had intended to take a twoday trip, but we were too__busy__to__afford__it．
3．(山东卷)“有志者，事竟成”是一条古老的谚语，几乎每个人都知道，但不是所有人都能理解它。
“Where there is a will, there is a way” is an old proverb which almost everyone knows, but not__all__understand__it so well.
command n．命令；(常用于军队)指挥；控制 v．命令；指挥；掌握；支配
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①a.The president commanded that all the information (should)__be__sent(send) to him right away.
b．The manager gave his command that measures should__be__taken(take) immediately to correct all the mistakes made in marketing.
②The boss commanded his workers not to__leave(leave) their office before six o’clock because he had an important thing to announce.
③Mr.White was in command of that company after Mr. Smith retired.
[能力提升]——完成句子/句式升级
④(普通表达) I have__such__a__good__command__of__English__that(英语学得很好以至于)I am elected as assistant to my English teacher. (such...that...)
⑤(高级表达)Such__a__good__command__of__English__do__I__have__that__I__am__elected__as__assistant__to__my__English__teacher.(倒装句)
(1)have a good command of 掌握，精通……
in command of 掌握；控制
(2)command sb.to do sth. 命令某人做某事
command that sb.(should) do sth.
命令某人应该做某事
[佳句背诵] Large football clubs benefit financially from TV income and the top players can command very large salaries.
大型足球俱乐部从电视收入中获得利润，顶尖的运动员也能得到高额的薪水。(江西卷)
[名师点津] command后接宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时，从句的谓语动词用“(should) do”。有此用法的单词还有：一坚持 (insist)；二命令(order，command)；三建议(advise，suggest，recommend)；四要求(require，request，demand，desire)。
charge n．费用；价钱；控告；掌管；职责 v．控诉；收费；装载；使……承担责任
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①a.(2017·江苏卷)We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20, half of what it used to__charge(charge)．
b．(2017·江苏卷)Far from charging(charge) consumers high prices, many of these services are free.
②a.(安徽卷)—I wonder how much you charge for your services.
—The first two are free while the third costs $30.
b．The man who had taken charge of the company was charged with taking drugs.
[能力提升]——一句多译
下周厂长不在时，汤姆将负责整个工厂。
③Tom will take__charge__of the whole factory next week when the director is away.
④Tom will be__in__charge__of the whole factory next week when the director is away.
⑤The whole factory will be__in__the__charge__of Tom next week when the director is away.
(1)charge sb.with sth.(＝accuse sb. of sth.)
因某事控告某人
charge sb.(money) for sth. 向某人索取某物的费用
(2)free of charge＝for free 免费
in charge (of) 主管；负责；照顾
in the charge of(＝in one’s charge)
由……负责，
由……管理
take charge of 掌管；负责；看管
[佳句背诵] Your order will be delivered free of charge within a tenmile limit. 在10英里范围之内，您的订货将免费送货上门。(朗文辞典)
[词块助记]
the person in charge 负责人
service charge 服务费
an admission charge of $ 5 五美元的入场费
attach vt.系；贴；连接；把……固定；使附属；重视
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
① (全国卷Ⅰ)So I have no choice but to bother you to correct my mistakes in the material I attach to the letter.
②a.(2019·浙江卷6月)But at Union Station in Los Angeles last month, a board went up with dollar bills attached(attach) to it with pins and a sign that read，“Give What You Can, Take What You Need.”
b．This research centre attached(attach) to the university is in the charge of Mr.Smith.
[能力提升]——完成句子
③很明显人们更加重视经常锻炼。
It’s evident that people attach__greater__significance__to__taking__regular__exercise．
(1)attach...to... 把……附在……上；
把……固定到……上
attach importance/significance to
重视，认为……重要/有意义
(2)attached adj. (作表语)附属于；
依恋的
be attached to 依恋；爱慕；留恋；附属于
[佳句背诵] Great importance has been attached to
qualified personnel in our nation since ancient times.
自古以来，我国就十分重视人才。
[名师点津] attach ...to ...中的to为介词，其后接名词、代词或动名词。
shape vt.造成……形状；塑造 n．形状；体形
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①a.(湖南卷)It’s not what we do once in a while that shapes(shape) our lives, but what we do consistently.
b．Italy shaped(shape) like a boot lies in the south of Europe.
②a.(江苏卷)Tom always goes jogging in the morning and he usually does pushups too to stay in shape.
b．(湖南卷)Tim is in good shape physically even though he doesn’t get much exercise.
[能力提升]——完成句子
③I haven’t been training for months and was really out__of__shape(身材走样了).
④Located in the city centre of Guangzhou, the Canton Tower, the highest tower in China, was built in__the__shape__of(呈……的形状) a torch.
(1)shape...into... 把……加工/塑造成……
be shaped like ... 形状像……
(2)be in good/bad shape 情况良好/不佳
out of shape 变/走样；不成样子；身体不舒服，生病
in the shape of 呈……的形状
[佳句背诵] Every struggle in your life has shaped you into the person you are today.Be thankful for the hard time；they can only make you stronger.
你生命中的每次努力都成就了今天的你。感谢生命中那些艰难的岁月，是它们让你变得更强大。
run out (某物)用完，耗尽
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①a.(2019·北京卷) If they run out of certain daily necessities, Wilson will drive to the nearest store and purchase what’s needed.
b．(江苏卷)—I’m still working on my project.
—Oh, you’ll miss the deadline. Time is running out．
②When I first learned to write in English, I ran into many difficulties.
[能力提升]——一句多译
我的钱已经花完了，因此我买不起这本词典。
③I have__run__out__of/have__used__up my money, so I can’t afford to buy this dictionary.
④My money has__run__out/has__been__run__out__of/has__given__out，so I can’t afford to buy this dictionary.
⑤With money running__out,__I can’t afford to buy this dictionary.
(1)run out of 用完
use up 用完；耗尽
give out 用完；耗尽；筋疲力尽
(2)run across 偶然遇到
run after 追逐；追踪
run into 撞上；碰见
[佳句背诵] ①Many developing countries all attach great importance to environmental protection because a load of limited resources are running out.
许多发展中国家都高度重视环境保护，因为大量的有限资源正在耗尽。
②Through the years, I’d run into former students who would provide updates on old classmates.
这些年以来，我遇到了以前的学生，从他们那得到了老同学的近况。(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)
rely on/upon 依赖；依靠；信任；信赖
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(福建卷)Nowadays parents do everything for their single children, which makes the children rely on/upon their parents badly.
②a.Nowadays the children rely more on their parents to__do(do) everything for them.
b．If he promises to do something, he will do it, so you can rely on his lending(lend) you the money.
③My friend is a reliable(rely) person, and you can rely on it that he will come to meet you on time.
[能力提升]——一句多译
你可以相信你困难时我会帮助你。
④You can rely__on/upon__my__helping__you when you are in trouble.
⑤You can rely__on/upon__me__to__help__you when you are in trouble.
⑥You can rely__on__it__that__I__can__help__you when you are in trouble.
(1)rely on sb.to do sth.
＝rely on sb.’s doing sth. 依靠某人做某事
rely on it that... 相信……，指望……
(2)reliable adj. 可依靠的；可信赖的
[佳句背诵] These days，we rely heavily on computers to organize our work.
现在，我们在很大程度上依赖电脑来安排工作。
[名师点津] 在rely on it that...结构中， it作形式宾语，代替that引导的真正的宾语从句。类似的还有：
①depend on it that... 放心好了，请相信……
②take it for granted that... 认为……是理所当然的
③appreciate it＋if从句 如果……，将不胜感激
④like/hate it＋when从句 喜欢/痛恨……的时候
too ... to do sth.太……而不能做某事
(教材原句)I’m too busy enjoying my life now to worry about the future！ 我现在忙于享受生活，而无暇为未来担忧！
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①a.(2019·北京卷)Students should have a proper attitude towards college before thinking about which college to attend, and it’s never too early to__make(make) necessary preparations for a healthy and meaningful college experience.
b．(天津卷)I hate it when she calls me at work—I’m always too busy to__carry(carry) on a conversation with her.
②a.You can’t be too careful while doing your homework.
b．You can never be careful enough to__do(do) your homework.
[能力提升]——句型转换/完成句子
③Mary was so absorbed in her study that she couldn’t hear the noise outside.
→Mary was too__absorbed__in__her__study__to__hear the noise outside.
④不用担心，如果出了什么问题，我会很乐意帮你解决的。
Don’t worry. I’ll be only__too__glad__to__help you if there’s anything wrong.
(1)某些形容词与“too...to...”句型连用时，too (＝very) 表示肯定的意义。这些形容词多为表示情感的词，如glad，pleased，surprised，delighted，happy，willing，ready，eager，anxious等。
(2)当在too前加上only, but, all, simply或just时，“too ...to”结构表示肯定意义，此时too带有赞赏的感情色彩。
(3)“too ...to ...”结构和never, not等否定副词连用时，表示肯定意义，意为“无论……也不过分；越……越好”。
[佳句背诵] Just as an old saying goes：“It is never too late to learn.”
正如那句老话所言：“活到老，学到老”。
not all...表示部分否定，意为“并非所有的……都……”
(教材原句)Not all predictions come true.
并不是所有的预言都会成为现实。
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①Not all students obey the school rules, so as teachers, we should be strict with them.
②(全国卷Ⅱ) It’s an eitheror situation—we can buy a new car this year or we can go on holiday but we can’t do both．
③(重庆卷)The meeting will be held in September, but nobody knows the date for sure.
[能力提升]——一句多译
(2020·重庆适应性测试)事实是并不是每个人都把时间管理看得很重要。
④The truth is that not__everyone__is__attaching__great__importance__to time management.
⑤The truth is that everyone__is__not__attaching__great__importance__to time management.
(1)英语中的all, both, every, everybody, everything, completely, always, whole, entirely 等与否定词not连用，无论not位置如何，均构成部分否定，表示“并非都”。
(2)英语中的no, none, never, nobody, nothing, neither, no one, nowhere 等表否定意义的词(组)与肯定式谓语一起使用构成全部否定。
[佳句背诵] It’s impossible for all the applicants to get the jobs, because all of them are not fit for them.＝It’s impossible for all the applicants to get the jobs, because not all of them are fit for them.
所有应聘者都得到工作是不可能的，因为他们并非都适合这些工作。
维度一 在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式
1．A ship loaded(load) with goods had just arrived at the port when the fire occurred.
2．The famous old temple dating(date) back to the Tang Dynasty was eventually(eventual) removed.
3．If he takes on this work, he will have no alternative but to__meet(meet) an even greater challenge.
4．The director commanded that everyone(should)__follow(follow) his advice in order to finish the work on time.
5．By the time we realised it was wrong, it was too late for us to__bring(bring) an end to it.
维度二 在空白处填入1个适当的单词
1．With all the money used up,__the man had to make a living by begging.
2．My brother bought a teapot shaped like a Chinese duck, the price of which was much lower than expected.
3．Being addicted to alcohol, which is difficult to get rid of,__accounts for the decline of his health.
4. Jack is the right person you can rely on to carry on the research when you are on vacation for the next two weeks.
5．One thing is for sure, Johnson won’t give up his dream no matter how difficult it is on the way to success.
维度三 派生词练习
1．Nowadays we rely increasingly on computers for help so your software must be reliable．(rely)
2．Don’t forget to check that your attachment is actually attached to the email.(attach)
3．It is bad manners to laugh at disabled people. Most of us will end up in disability．(disable)
4．They predicted that there would be an earthquake, but their prediction didn’t come true.(predict)
5．The little boy tried to save his sister from the river at the risk of his own life, which is quite risky．(risk)
维度四 完成句子/句型转换/一句多译
1．无论你在哪里工作，你都能找到时间学习。
No__matter__where__you__work,__you can always find time to study.
2．It is clear that the tree is too young to stand the storm.
→It is clear that the tree is not__old__enough__to stand the storm.
→It is clear that the tree is so__young__that it can’t stand the storm.
3．All of them think that it is a change for the better.
→Not__all__of__them__think/All__of__them__don’t__think that it is a change for the better.(部分否定)
→None__of__them__think that it is a change for the better.(全部否定)
4．他不能掌管那家电脑公司，因为这超出了他的能力。
①He can’t be in__charge__of the computer company because it is beyond his ability.
②He can’t take__charge__of the computer company because it is beyond his ability.
③The computer company can’t be in__the__charge__of him because it is beyond his ability.
提能一 语段填空(短文中黑体部分为本模块核心知识点，请补全短文，并背诵体会黑体部分用法)
The resources on the earth 1.are__limited(limit). We are too anxious 2.to__think(think) of the fact that the resources will run out with the development of economy. However, we can rely on 3.it that scientists will 4.eventually (eventual) find alternative energy for sure. At the same time, we should also attach 5.importance(important) to environmental protection. For a start, we have to get rid 6.of any practice that 7.wastes(waste) energy. The government must command that factories 8.which/that pollute the environment 9.(should)__be__shut(shut) down. Secondly, we should live a lowcarbon life. In a word, not all the measures will make a difference unless we look out for our own behavior and make 10.loads(load) of contributions to keep the environment in good shape.
提能二 话题写作(用本模块词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文)
最近，某英文报将举办国际中学生创意大赛，要求参赛者设计未来的汽车。请根据下面的写作提示写一篇短文投稿，介绍你设计的未来的汽车。内容包括：①汽车的形状、动力等；②汽车的优势。
1．补全要点句(黑体部分请用本模块所学词汇)
①据预测，与传统的汽车相比，未来的汽车在很多方面将截然不同。
It__is__predicted__that future cars will be quite different in many ways when compared to traditional ones.
②未来的汽车是子弹的形状，因此能以极高的速度驾驶。
Future cars will be in__the__shape__of bullets so that they can be driven at much higher speed.
③未来的汽车将由空气供给动力，这对环境无害。(将来时)
They will__be__powered__by__air,__and it does no harm to the environment.
④汽车由内置电脑控制，一按按钮就能自己驾驶。
As it is controlled by installed computers, the car will drive themselves at__the__flick__of__a__switch．
⑤无论在哪里停车，它们都能变为不同形状和大小的小盒子，因此摆脱了有限的停车空间的难题。
They will transform into small boxes of__different__shapes__and__sizes__wherever/no__matter__where__we__park,__thus getting__rid__of the problem of limited__parking__space．
⑥未来的汽车肯定会使我们的生活更方便和舒适。
Future cars will for__sure/definitely__make__our__life__more__convenient__and__comfortable．
2．升级平淡句
⑦用非限制性定语从句升级句③
They__will__be__powered__by__air,__which__does__no__harm__to__the__environment.
⑧用过去分词短语作状语升级句④
Controlled__by__installed__computers,__the__car__will__drive__themselves__at__the__flick__of__a__switch.
3．衔接成美文(注意用适当的过渡衔接词汇：to start with, besides, in addition, eventually, in a word)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
It is predicted that future cars will be quite different in many ways when compared to traditional ones.
To start with, future cars will be in the shape of bullets so that they can be driven at much higher speed. Besides, they will be powered by air, which does no harm to the environment. In addition, controlled by installed computers, the car will drive themselves at the flick of a switch. Eventually, they will transform into small boxes of different shapes and sizes wherever we park, thus getting rid of the problem of limited parking space.
In a word, future cars will for sure/definitely make our life more convenient and comfortable.
(建议用时：45分钟)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2020·威海高三诊断)A team of engineers at Harvard University created the first robotic fly. Designed to do what a fly does naturally, the tiny machine is the size of a fat housefly. Its mini wings allow it to stay in the air and perform controlled flight tasks.
“The added difficulty with a project like this is that actually none of its components is off the shelf and we have to develop them all on our own，” said Robert Wood, a Harvard engineering professor.
They engineered a series of systems to start and drive the robotic fly. “The seemingly simple system which just moves the wings has lots of interdependence(互相依赖) of the individual components, each of which individually has to perform well, but then has to be matched well to everything it’s connected to，” said Wood.
While this first robotic flyer is linked to a small, offboard power source, the goal is eventually to equip it with a builtin power source, so that it might someday perform datagathering work at rescue sites, in farmers’ fields or on the battlefield. “Basically it should be able to take off, land and fly around，” he said.
Wood says the design offers a new way to study flight mechanics and control at insectscale. Yet, the power, sensing and computation technologies on board could have much broader applications. “You can start thinking about using them to answer open scientific questions, you know, to study biology in ways that would be difficult with the animals, but using these robots instead，” he said. “So there are a lot of technologies and open interesting scientific questions that are really what drives us on a daytoday basis.”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。哈佛大学的工程师团队研制出了首个机器苍蝇飞行器，该飞行器虽然尺寸如苍蝇大小，但结构复杂，有望在未来执行搜救点、农田、战场的数据收集任务。
1．What is the typical characteristic of the robotic fly?
A．It’s automatic.
B．It’s very small.
C．It’s controllable.
D．It’s quite powerful.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第二、三句“Designed to do what a fly does naturally, the tiny machine is the size of a fat housefly. Its mini wings allow it to stay in the air and perform controlled flight tasks.”可知，这种飞行器设计初衷是为了能做苍蝇做的事，它的尺寸和肥胖的家蝇一样大，微小的翅膀可以让它停在空中执行受控的飞行任务；据此可知，该机器苍蝇飞行器的典型特点是尺寸小，故B项正确。
2．We can infer from the passage that the robotic flyer can ________．
A．act as a spy plane
B．help do farm work
C．fly at a very high speed
D．answer many scientific questions
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段第一句中的“so that it might someday perform datagathering work at rescue sites, in farmers’ fields or on the battlefield”可知，某一天这种飞行器可能用于执行搜救点、农田、战场的数据收集任务；据此可推知，该飞行器可以用作间谍飞机，故A项正确。
3．What is Wood’s idea about the robotic fly according to the last paragraph?
A．It is highly questionable.
B．It has wide practical applications.
C．It gives scientists interest in flying machines.
D．It points to a new direction in studying biology.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据尾段第二句“Yet，the power...could have much broader applications.”并结合Wood所说的话可知，Wood认为这种飞行器使用范围很广泛，故B项正确。
4．What can be the best title for the passage?
A．Harvard’s Study in the Field of Insects
B．A Breakthrough in Engineering Science
C．An Interesting Invention—Robotic Fly
D．Robotic Fly—a Copy of the Real Life Insect
D 解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文的主题句是第一段第一、二句；结合全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了哈佛大学的工程师团队研制出了首个机器苍蝇飞行器，该飞行器虽然尺寸如苍蝇大小，但结构复杂，有望在未来执行搜救点、农田、战场的数据收集任务。故D项最适合作本文标题。
B
(2020·昆明诊断测试)Artificial intelligence(AI) technology may soon be a useful tool for doctors. It may help them better understand and treat diseases like liver cancer in ways that were never before possible.
Rishi Rawat, who teaches AI at the University of Southern California in Los Angeles, is part of a team of scientists researching how AI and machine learning can more easily recognize cancerous growths in the liver. Rawat provides information about cancer cells to a computer. He says, “You can put the data into them and they will learn the patterns and the pattern recognition that’s important for making decisions.”
David Agus is another researcher. He believes that machines are not going to take the place of doctors. “Computers will not treat patients, but they will help make certain decisions and look for things that the human brain can’t recognize by itself.”
Once a confirmed cancerous growth is removed, doctors still have to treat the patient to reduce the risk of cancer returning. The form of treatment depends on the kind of cancer. Nowadays, researchers take a thin piece of tissue(组织), put it on a small piece of glass and add color to see the cells better. That process could take days or even longer. Scientists say artificial intelligence can do something better than just count cells. Through machine learning, it can recognize complex patterns or structures, and learn how the cells are organized.
The hope is that machines will soon be able to make a quick identification of cancer that is free of human mistakes. Agus says the process could be done for almost no cost in the developing world and that having a large amount of information about patients is important for a machine to effectively do its job in medicine.
The researchers of the university are now only studying liver cancer. But doctors predict artificial intelligence will one day make a difference in all forms of cancer.
【解题导语】 人工智能有望很快作为一种有用的工具帮助医生更好地诊断和治疗癌症。
5．What can AI do with the help of the information provided by the researchers?
A．Recognize cancer patterns.
B．Treat liver cancer.
C．Collect useful information.
D．Store cancerous cells.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“He says, ‘You can put the data into them and they will learn the patterns...making decisions.’”可知，人工智能可以根据对其输入的数据来学习该模式，并进行癌症模式的识别。
6．What can we learn about AI?
A．It will be able to replace doctors.
B．Patients are unlikely to be cancerous again with its help.
C．It is making a difference in taking care of patients.
D．It can recognize cancer more accurately.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句“Through machine learning...are organized.”可知，人工智能可以识别复杂的模式或结构，同时了解细胞是如何组成的。由此可推知，人工智能可以更精确地识别癌症。
7．What’s the author’s attitude towards the future of AI?
A．Optimistic. B．Doubtful.
C．Curious. D．Cold.
A 解析：观点态度题。根据文章最后两段的内容可知，人工智能将能够快速识别癌症，并且应用到治疗各种癌症之中。由此可推知，作者对人工智能的未来持乐观的态度。
8．What is the best title for the text?
A．AI Is Used to Treat Cancers
B．AI May Compete with Doctors
C．AI May Make Doctors Better
D．AI Is Better at Curing Cancers
C 解析：标题归纳题。根据对文章的整体理解可推知，人工智能有望很快作为一种有用的工具帮助医生更好地诊断和治疗癌症。
Ⅱ.七选五
(2020·湖北八市联考)In the super fastpaced world we live in, happiness may not come as easily as we wish. Here are some tips to make us live happily.
Don’t avoid or ignore negativity.
1．________ This can include people in your life who may be bringing you down, a hostile workplace environment or even a personal stressor that you haven’t conquered quite yet. You are in control of your environment and if these negative situations keep making an appearance, it’s up to you to handle them.
Take care of yourself and your needs.
In order to live a powerful and meaningful life, you must love yourself. Take care of your actions and how you live each day, and this will be reflected in your thoughts and emotional state of mind. 2.________
Mend what’s broken or get rid of it.
Determining what is worth your time and effort and what can be challenging. If situations are beyond repair, it’s time to let go. Are there relationships or friendships that remain damaged but you know are worth the time？3.________ Do what you can to find love in situations where it may have be absent in the past.
4．________
Giving our time, energy, love and sometimes money is what life is about. 5.________ My mom taught me a quote she learned in Mexico that stuck with me forever, “donde come uno, comen dos.(where one can eat, two can eat.)” It moves me every time I say it out loud. At the end of the day, no matter what you have you are likely in a position to give something small to someone else who needs it. Don’t hesitate.
A．Give back.
B．Be positive.
C．Fix them and find peace.
D．Do more of what makes you happy.
E．Love yourself fully in order to love others fully.
F．Everything we put out into the world comes back to us.
G．In order to conquer and overcome, it must be acknowledged.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了几个快乐生活的建议。
1．G 解析：根据小标题Don’t avoid or ignore negativity. 并结合该段内容可推知，必须先承认其消极性才能战胜和克服它。故选G项。
2．E 解析：根据该段中的“you must love yourself”以及“Take care of your actions and how you live each day”可推知，E项“为了充分地爱别人，要完全地爱自己”符合语境，故选E项。
3．C 解析：根据小标题Mend what’s broken or get rid of it. 以及空前一句可知，修复那些值得你花时间的关系或友谊，故选C项。
4．A 解析：根据文章结构以及空处所在位置可知，空处为段落小标题，该段主要是讲要去付出。故选A项。
5．F 解析：根据空前一句可知，生活就是付出我们的时间、精力、爱，有时是金钱，由此可推知，空处应是讲有付出就会有回报。故选F项。
Ⅲ.完形填空
(2020·安徽六安一中模拟)As a child, I was always good at drawing and art. I won__1__， got constant attention, and even saw my face in the __2__ and on television because of my natural ability to __3__．
Most people who __4__ to come across something that they are good at are __5__ to take it and run with it. Of course, my life was no __6__. From teachers, to principals, to family members, __7__ seemingly had a ton of advice to give me in regard to art.
All the while, my true desire was __8__. I entered poetry, essay, and shortstory contests and __9__ them all. It was such a contrast with my artistic __10__ experience! It was so bad that I __11__ a good friend of mine who told me once, “If you are so good at drawing, why do you even care about writing? __12__ drawing！”
Though well－intentioned, eighteen years later I’m __13__ I didn’t take his words to heart. Years went by with me still writing and still occasionally entering __14__. It wasn’t until my first year in college that I finally got an honorable __15__ in a poetry contest. As a writer I’ve truly __16__．
I’m sure there are things in your life that are __17__ and yet, rewarding. Endurance(忍耐), especially when it comes to things you truly love is __18__. Take some time to devote some more __19__ to the “thing” that doesn’ t come __20__ and see what happens.
【解题导语】 作者通过自己的亲身经历，说明了这样一个道理：对自己真正喜欢的东西，要坚持不懈地去追求，最终总会取得成功。
1．A.praise B．awards
C．supports D．success
B 解析：根据下文“got constant attention, and even saw my face in the ______ and on television because of my natural ability to ______”可知，“我”获奖了。故选B。A：表扬； B：奖赏；C：支持； D：成功。
2．A.street B．school
C．newspaper D．book
C 解析：根据常识可知，可以在报纸(newspaper)上和电视上看到“我”的脸，故选C。
3．A.draw B．act
C．learn D．show
A 解析：根据“As a child, I was always good at drawing and art.”可知，当是孩童时，“我”就一直擅长绘画和美术，故选A。
4．A.want B．mean
C．agree D．happen
D 解析：句意：大多数人碰巧(happen)遇到他们擅长的东西，会被别人鼓励(encouraged)接受并且运用它。
5．A.encouraged B．invited
C．developed D．permitted
A 解析：参见上题解析。A：鼓励；B：邀请；C：发展；D：允许。
6．A.perfect B．different
C．similar D．lucky
B 解析：句意：当然，我的人生也没有什么不同。A：完美的；B：不同的；C：相似的；D：幸运的。
7．A.everyone B．who
C．that D．no one
A 解析：根据上文“From teachers, to principals, to family members”可知，对于艺术，每个人(everyone)似乎都有一大堆建议给“我”。
8．A.art B．fixing
C．writing D．music
C 解析：根据下文“If you are so good at drawing, why do you even care about writing？______ drawing！”可知，“我”真正的愿望是写作(writing)。
9．A.won B．ignored
C．missed D．lost
D 解析：根据下文“It was such a contrast with my artistic ______ experience！”中的contrast可知，和“我”参加艺术比赛形成鲜明对比的是，“我”参加诗文、散文、短篇小说比赛总是失败(lost)。A：获胜；B：忽略；C：错过；D：输掉(比赛、诉讼案件、辩论等)。
10．A.interest B．competition
C．career D．talent
B 解析：句意：这与我的艺术比赛(competition)形成了鲜明的对比。
11．A.had B．made
C．found D．met
A 解析：句意：我有(had)一个好朋友，曾经告诉我：“如果你特别擅长绘画，你为什么还要关心写作？坚持(Stick to)绘画！”
12．A.Give up B．Take in
C．Stick to D．Put away
C 解析：参见上题解析。A：放弃；B：吸收；C：坚持；D：放好，存储。
13．A.glad B．sorry
C．sad D．sure
A 解析：根据下文“It wasn’t until my first year in college that I finally got an honorable ______ in a poetry contest. As a writer I’ve truly ______．”可知，作为一个作家，“我”成功了，由此判断“我”很高兴(glad)当初没有把这个朋友的话放在心上。
14．A.training B．contests
C．articles D．trouble
B 解析：根据下文“It wasn’t until my first year in college that I finally got an honorable ______ in a poetry contest.”可知，随着时间的流逝，“我”依然坚持写作，偶尔参加比赛(contests)。
15．A.appearance B．change
C．mention D．name
C 解析：根据“As a writer I’ve truly ______．”可知，最终在诗歌比赛中，“我”被提及。get a mention被提及。
16．A.forgot B．regretted
C．expected D．grown
D 解析：作为一名作家，“我”真正地成长(grown)了。A：忘记；B：遗憾，后悔；C：期待；D：成长。
17．A.challenging B．beautiful
C．appealing D．hopeful
A 解析：根据下文“and yet, rewarding. Endurance (忍耐)”可知，此处指“我”确信在你的人生中会有充满挑战的事情。A：充满挑战的；B：美丽的；C：吸引人的；D：有希望的。
18．A.meaningless B．popular
C．essential D．painful
C 解析：句意：忍耐，特别是就你真正喜爱的事情而言，是至关重要的。A：无意义的；B：受欢迎的；C：重要的；D：痛苦的。
19．A.consideration B．energy
C．money D．education
B 解析：句意：花时间投入更多的精力到不容易的“事情”上，看看会发生什么。A：考虑；B：精力； C：钱；D：教育。
20．A.young B．bad
C．usual D．easy
D 解析：参见上题解析。not come easy (to sb.)(对某人来说)并非易事。
一、语基必备知识
(一)重点词汇——分类记忆
Ⅰ.阅读词汇——在不认识的词汇前划√
brick n． alternative adj.
resource n. material n.
solar adj. urban adj.
arrest vt. fire vt.
outdoors adv. online adv.
recreation n. surgery n.
optimistic adj. definitely adv.
eventually adv.
Ⅱ.核心词汇——写其形
1．limit n． (常作复数) 范围
2．command n. 命令；指令
3．charge n. 费用；价钱
4．power vt. 供给动力
5．switch n. 开关
vi. 交换；调换
6．shape vt. 造成……形状
Ⅲ.拓展词汇——通其变
1．mud n．泥→muddy adj.泥泞的；浑浊的；灰暗的
2．crime n．罪；罪行→criminal n．罪犯；犯人
3．predict vt.预言；预料→prediction n．预测
4．risk__vt.&__n．冒险→risky adj.危险的；冒险的
5．rely vi.依赖；依靠→reliable adj.可信赖的；可依靠的
6．load vt.装；装载→unload v．卸载→download v．下载
7．disable vt.使伤残，使失去能力→disability n．失去能力；伤残→disabled adj.残疾的；丧失能力的
8．attach vt.系；贴；连接→attachment n．附属；(邮件)附件
1.n.＋y＝adj.
①risk→risky 危险的；
冒险的
②dirt→dirty 肮脏的
③luck→lucky 幸运的
④rock→rocky 多岩石的
⑤wind→windy 多风的；
有风的
⑥sleep→sleepy 困倦的
2.“乐观，悲观”词汇全接触
①optimistic adj. 乐观的；
乐观主义的
②optimism n. 乐观；乐观主义
③optimist n. 乐观主义者
④pessimistic adj. 悲观的；
悲观主义的
⑤pessimism n. 悲观；悲观主义
⑥pessimist n. 悲观主义者
3.名词后缀ity一览
①disability 失去能力；伤残
②possibility 可能性
③equality 平等
④reality 现实
⑤nationality 国籍
⑥popularity 受欢迎；普及；
流行
(二)重点短语——记牢用活
1．for__sure 肯定地
2．run__out (某物) 用完；不多了；没有了
3．rely__on 依靠；依赖
4．get__rid__of 除掉；处理掉；摆脱
5．free__of__charge 免费
6．use__up 用完
7．look__out 小心；当心
8．for__a__start 首先，一开始
9．on__the__way__out 即将被淘汰；即将过时
10．carry__out 开展；执行；进行
1.“小心；当心”短语全扫描
①look out 小心；当心
②take care 注意；小心
③be careful 小心；细心
④be cautious 小心
2.way短语大观园
①on the way out 即将被淘汰；即将过时
②on the way 在路上
③in the way 阻挡
④in a way 在某种程度上；不完全地
⑤in no way 决不
(三)重点句式——背熟巧用
句型公式
教材原句
句型1：no matter where引导让步状语从句
Everyone will be given a telephone number at birth that will never change no__matter__where__they__live.
每个人在出生时都会领到一个电话号码，无论他们生活在什么地方，这个号码都不会改变。
句型2：too...to do sth.太……而不能做某事
I’m too__busy__enjoying__my__life__now__to__worry__about the future！
我现在忙于享受生活，而无暇为未来担忧！
句型3：not all...表示部分否定，意为“并非所有的……都……”
Not__all__predictions come true.
并不是所有的预言都会成为现实。
二、语境强化训练
Ⅰ.语境填词——根据提示写出该词的适当形式
A．根据汉语提示写出下列单词
1．The person charged(指控) with murder proved to be innocent at last.
2．You’re a powerful(有影响力的) man—people will listen to you.
3．Lighthearted and optimistic(乐观的), she is the sort of woman to spread sunshine to people through her smile.
4．Change is much easier when you have many supporting partners and unlimited resources(资源)．
5．(2018·江苏卷)With these analyses in mind, art students need not worry about their career and have an alternative(供选择的) plan.
B．根据所给单词写出适当形式
6．Childhood experience often plays a big part in shaping(shape) one’s character.
7．He was born in a poor family, and only received limited(limit) education in his childhood.
8．Eventually(eventual) your child will leave home to lead her own life as a fully independent adult.
9．A new series of simple English reading materials(material) for middle school students has come out this year.
10．The lorry, loaded(load) with bricks, broke down suddenly in the middle of the bridge.
Ⅱ.语境品词——写出加黑词汇在语境中的意义
1．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)At first the price of single copies was seldom a penny—usually two or three cents was charged—and some of the older wellknown papers charged five or six cents.要价
2．(2019·江苏卷) Emma had never taken herself as a crane and become deeply attached to humans.依恋；附属于
3．(2019·天津卷)It would help shape a realistic and serious attitude to life.塑造
4．(2019·天津卷)A committee of teachers will evaluate materials and give opinions.材料
5．(江西卷)The troops were commanded by General Haig. 指挥
Ⅲ.选词成篇
for sure; run out; rely on; get rid of; use up; look out
No one knows what will happen 1.for__sure in the future. Besides, no one can predict what we can 2.rely__on when natural resources 3.run__out/are__used__up. However, what we can do now is to protect the environment. We should try our best to 4.get__rid__of bad habits.
place an order/orders; free of charge; for a start; on the way out
In this shopping day, I didn’t 5.place__an__order with goods from the Internet. 6.For__a__start,__not all the goods are of high quality. Besides, though the delivery of many goods are 7.free__of__charge,__they are often delayed.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．无论明天发生什么，只要保持微笑，你就不会后悔。
No__matter__what__happens tomorrow, just keep smiling and you won’t regret.
2．我们本打算旅游两天，但是太忙了，抽不出时间。
We had intended to take a twoday trip, but we were too__busy__to__afford__it．
3．(山东卷)“有志者，事竟成”是一条古老的谚语，几乎每个人都知道，但不是所有人都能理解它。
“Where there is a will, there is a way” is an old proverb which almost everyone knows, but not__all__understand__it so well.
command n．命令；(常用于军队)指挥；控制 v．命令；指挥；掌握；支配
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①a.The president commanded that all the information (should)__be__sent(send) to him right away.
b．The manager gave his command that measures should__be__taken(take) immediately to correct all the mistakes made in marketing.
②The boss commanded his workers not to__leave(leave) their office before six o’clock because he had an important thing to announce.
③Mr.White was in command of that company after Mr. Smith retired.
[能力提升]——完成句子/句式升级
④(普通表达) I have__such__a__good__command__of__English__that(英语学得很好以至于)I am elected as assistant to my English teacher. (such...that...)
⑤(高级表达)Such__a__good__command__of__English__do__I__have__that__I__am__elected__as__assistant__to__my__English__teacher.(倒装句)
(1)have a good command of 掌握，精通……
in command of 掌握；控制
(2)command sb.to do sth. 命令某人做某事
command that sb.(should) do sth.
命令某人应该做某事
[佳句背诵] Large football clubs benefit financially from TV income and the top players can command very large salaries.
大型足球俱乐部从电视收入中获得利润，顶尖的运动员也能得到高额的薪水。(江西卷)
[名师点津] command后接宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时，从句的谓语动词用“(should) do”。有此用法的单词还有：一坚持 (insist)；二命令(order，command)；三建议(advise，suggest，recommend)；四要求(require，request，demand，desire)。
charge n．费用；价钱；控告；掌管；职责 v．控诉；收费；装载；使……承担责任
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①a.(2017·江苏卷)We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20, half of what it used to__charge(charge)．
b．(2017·江苏卷)Far from charging(charge) consumers high prices, many of these services are free.
②a.(安徽卷)—I wonder how much you charge for your services.
—The first two are free while the third costs $30.
b．The man who had taken charge of the company was charged with taking drugs.
[能力提升]——一句多译
下周厂长不在时，汤姆将负责整个工厂。
③Tom will take__charge__of the whole factory next week when the director is away.
④Tom will be__in__charge__of the whole factory next week when the director is away.
⑤The whole factory will be__in__the__charge__of Tom next week when the director is away.
(1)charge sb.with sth.(＝accuse sb. of sth.)
因某事控告某人
charge sb.(money) for sth. 向某人索取某物的费用
(2)free of charge＝for free 免费
in charge (of) 主管；负责；照顾
in the charge of(＝in one’s charge)
由……负责，
由……管理
take charge of 掌管；负责；看管
[佳句背诵] Your order will be delivered free of charge within a tenmile limit. 在10英里范围之内，您的订货将免费送货上门。(朗文辞典)
[词块助记]
the person in charge 负责人
service charge 服务费
an admission charge of $ 5 五美元的入场费
attach vt.系；贴；连接；把……固定；使附属；重视
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
① (全国卷Ⅰ)So I have no choice but to bother you to correct my mistakes in the material I attach to the letter.
②a.(2019·浙江卷6月)But at Union Station in Los Angeles last month, a board went up with dollar bills attached(attach) to it with pins and a sign that read，“Give What You Can, Take What You Need.”
b．This research centre attached(attach) to the university is in the charge of Mr.Smith.
[能力提升]——完成句子
③很明显人们更加重视经常锻炼。
It’s evident that people attach__greater__significance__to__taking__regular__exercise．
(1)attach...to... 把……附在……上；
把……固定到……上
attach importance/significance to
重视，认为……重要/有意义
(2)attached adj. (作表语)附属于；
依恋的
be attached to 依恋；爱慕；留恋；附属于
[佳句背诵] Great importance has been attached to
qualified personnel in our nation since ancient times.
自古以来，我国就十分重视人才。
[名师点津] attach ...to ...中的to为介词，其后接名词、代词或动名词。
shape vt.造成……形状；塑造 n．形状；体形
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①a.(湖南卷)It’s not what we do once in a while that shapes(shape) our lives, but what we do consistently.
b．Italy shaped(shape) like a boot lies in the south of Europe.
②a.(江苏卷)Tom always goes jogging in the morning and he usually does pushups too to stay in shape.
b．(湖南卷)Tim is in good shape physically even though he doesn’t get much exercise.
[能力提升]——完成句子
③I haven’t been training for months and was really out__of__shape(身材走样了).
④Located in the city centre of Guangzhou, the Canton Tower, the highest tower in China, was built in__the__shape__of(呈……的形状) a torch.
(1)shape...into... 把……加工/塑造成……
be shaped like ... 形状像……
(2)be in good/bad shape 情况良好/不佳
out of shape 变/走样；不成样子；身体不舒服，生病
in the shape of 呈……的形状
[佳句背诵] Every struggle in your life has shaped you into the person you are today.Be thankful for the hard time；they can only make you stronger.
你生命中的每次努力都成就了今天的你。感谢生命中那些艰难的岁月，是它们让你变得更强大。
run out (某物)用完，耗尽
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①a.(2019·北京卷) If they run out of certain daily necessities, Wilson will drive to the nearest store and purchase what’s needed.
b．(江苏卷)—I’m still working on my project.
—Oh, you’ll miss the deadline. Time is running out．
②When I first learned to write in English, I ran into many difficulties.
[能力提升]——一句多译
我的钱已经花完了，因此我买不起这本词典。
③I have__run__out__of/have__used__up my money, so I can’t afford to buy this dictionary.
④My money has__run__out/has__been__run__out__of/has__given__out，so I can’t afford to buy this dictionary.
⑤With money running__out,__I can’t afford to buy this dictionary.
(1)run out of 用完
use up 用完；耗尽
give out 用完；耗尽；筋疲力尽
(2)run across 偶然遇到
run after 追逐；追踪
run into 撞上；碰见
[佳句背诵] ①Many developing countries all attach great importance to environmental protection because a load of limited resources are running out.
许多发展中国家都高度重视环境保护，因为大量的有限资源正在耗尽。
②Through the years, I’d run into former students who would provide updates on old classmates.
这些年以来，我遇到了以前的学生，从他们那得到了老同学的近况。(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)
rely on/upon 依赖；依靠；信任；信赖
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(福建卷)Nowadays parents do everything for their single children, which makes the children rely on/upon their parents badly.
②a.Nowadays the children rely more on their parents to__do(do) everything for them.
b．If he promises to do something, he will do it, so you can rely on his lending(lend) you the money.
③My friend is a reliable(rely) person, and you can rely on it that he will come to meet you on time.
[能力提升]——一句多译
你可以相信你困难时我会帮助你。
④You can rely__on/upon__my__helping__you when you are in trouble.
⑤You can rely__on/upon__me__to__help__you when you are in trouble.
⑥You can rely__on__it__that__I__can__help__you when you are in trouble.
(1)rely on sb.to do sth.
＝rely on sb.’s doing sth. 依靠某人做某事
rely on it that... 相信……，指望……
(2)reliable adj. 可依靠的；可信赖的
[佳句背诵] These days，we rely heavily on computers to organize our work.
现在，我们在很大程度上依赖电脑来安排工作。
[名师点津] 在rely on it that...结构中， it作形式宾语，代替that引导的真正的宾语从句。类似的还有：
①depend on it that... 放心好了，请相信……
②take it for granted that... 认为……是理所当然的
③appreciate it＋if从句 如果……，将不胜感激
④like/hate it＋when从句 喜欢/痛恨……的时候
too ... to do sth.太……而不能做某事
(教材原句)I’m too busy enjoying my life now to worry about the future！ 我现在忙于享受生活，而无暇为未来担忧！
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①a.(2019·北京卷)Students should have a proper attitude towards college before thinking about which college to attend, and it’s never too early to__make(make) necessary preparations for a healthy and meaningful college experience.
b．(天津卷)I hate it when she calls me at work—I’m always too busy to__carry(carry) on a conversation with her.
②a.You can’t be too careful while doing your homework.
b．You can never be careful enough to__do(do) your homework.
[能力提升]——句型转换/完成句子
③Mary was so absorbed in her study that she couldn’t hear the noise outside.
→Mary was too__absorbed__in__her__study__to__hear the noise outside.
④不用担心，如果出了什么问题，我会很乐意帮你解决的。
Don’t worry. I’ll be only__too__glad__to__help you if there’s anything wrong.
(1)某些形容词与“too...to...”句型连用时，too (＝very) 表示肯定的意义。这些形容词多为表示情感的词，如glad，pleased，surprised，delighted，happy，willing，ready，eager，anxious等。
(2)当在too前加上only, but, all, simply或just时，“too ...to”结构表示肯定意义，此时too带有赞赏的感情色彩。
(3)“too ...to ...”结构和never, not等否定副词连用时，表示肯定意义，意为“无论……也不过分；越……越好”。
[佳句背诵] Just as an old saying goes：“It is never too late to learn.”
正如那句老话所言：“活到老，学到老”。
not all...表示部分否定，意为“并非所有的……都……”
(教材原句)Not all predictions come true.
并不是所有的预言都会成为现实。
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①Not all students obey the school rules, so as teachers, we should be strict with them.
②(全国卷Ⅱ) It’s an eitheror situation—we can buy a new car this year or we can go on holiday but we can’t do both．
③(重庆卷)The meeting will be held in September, but nobody knows the date for sure.
[能力提升]——一句多译
(2020·重庆适应性测试)事实是并不是每个人都把时间管理看得很重要。
④The truth is that not__everyone__is__attaching__great__importance__to time management.
⑤The truth is that everyone__is__not__attaching__great__importance__to time management.
(1)英语中的all, both, every, everybody, everything, completely, always, whole, entirely 等与否定词not连用，无论not位置如何，均构成部分否定，表示“并非都”。
(2)英语中的no, none, never, nobody, nothing, neither, no one, nowhere 等表否定意义的词(组)与肯定式谓语一起使用构成全部否定。
[佳句背诵] It’s impossible for all the applicants to get the jobs, because all of them are not fit for them.＝It’s impossible for all the applicants to get the jobs, because not all of them are fit for them.
所有应聘者都得到工作是不可能的，因为他们并非都适合这些工作。
维度一 在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式
1．A ship loaded(load) with goods had just arrived at the port when the fire occurred.
2．The famous old temple dating(date) back to the Tang Dynasty was eventually(eventual) removed.
3．If he takes on this work, he will have no alternative but to__meet(meet) an even greater challenge.
4．The director commanded that everyone(should)__follow(follow) his advice in order to finish the work on time.
5．By the time we realised it was wrong, it was too late for us to__bring(bring) an end to it.
维度二 在空白处填入1个适当的单词
1．With all the money used up,__the man had to make a living by begging.
2．My brother bought a teapot shaped like a Chinese duck, the price of which was much lower than expected.
3．Being addicted to alcohol, which is difficult to get rid of,__accounts for the decline of his health.
4. Jack is the right person you can rely on to carry on the research when you are on vacation for the next two weeks.
5．One thing is for sure, Johnson won’t give up his dream no matter how difficult it is on the way to success.
维度三 派生词练习
1．Nowadays we rely increasingly on computers for help so your software must be reliable．(rely)
2．Don’t forget to check that your attachment is actually attached to the email.(attach)
3．It is bad manners to laugh at disabled people. Most of us will end up in disability．(disable)
4．They predicted that there would be an earthquake, but their prediction didn’t come true.(predict)
5．The little boy tried to save his sister from the river at the risk of his own life, which is quite risky．(risk)
维度四 完成句子/句型转换/一句多译
1．无论你在哪里工作，你都能找到时间学习。
No__matter__where__you__work,__you can always find time to study.
2．It is clear that the tree is too young to stand the storm.
→It is clear that the tree is not__old__enough__to stand the storm.
→It is clear that the tree is so__young__that it can’t stand the storm.
3．All of them think that it is a change for the better.
→Not__all__of__them__think/All__of__them__don’t__think that it is a change for the better.(部分否定)
→None__of__them__think that it is a change for the better.(全部否定)
4．他不能掌管那家电脑公司，因为这超出了他的能力。
①He can’t be in__charge__of the computer company because it is beyond his ability.
②He can’t take__charge__of the computer company because it is beyond his ability.
③The computer company can’t be in__the__charge__of him because it is beyond his ability.
提能一 语段填空(短文中黑体部分为本模块核心知识点，请补全短文，并背诵体会黑体部分用法)
The resources on the earth 1.are__limited(limit). We are too anxious 2.to__think(think) of the fact that the resources will run out with the development of economy. However, we can rely on 3.it that scientists will 4.eventually (eventual) find alternative energy for sure. At the same time, we should also attach 5.importance(important) to environmental protection. For a start, we have to get rid 6.of any practice that 7.wastes(waste) energy. The government must command that factories 8.which/that pollute the environment 9.(should)__be__shut(shut) down. Secondly, we should live a lowcarbon life. In a word, not all the measures will make a difference unless we look out for our own behavior and make 10.loads(load) of contributions to keep the environment in good shape.
提能二 话题写作(用本模块词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文)
最近，某英文报将举办国际中学生创意大赛，要求参赛者设计未来的汽车。请根据下面的写作提示写一篇短文投稿，介绍你设计的未来的汽车。内容包括：①汽车的形状、动力等；②汽车的优势。
1．补全要点句(黑体部分请用本模块所学词汇)
①据预测，与传统的汽车相比，未来的汽车在很多方面将截然不同。
It__is__predicted__that future cars will be quite different in many ways when compared to traditional ones.
②未来的汽车是子弹的形状，因此能以极高的速度驾驶。
Future cars will be in__the__shape__of bullets so that they can be driven at much higher speed.
③未来的汽车将由空气供给动力，这对环境无害。(将来时)
They will__be__powered__by__air,__and it does no harm to the environment.
④汽车由内置电脑控制，一按按钮就能自己驾驶。
As it is controlled by installed computers, the car will drive themselves at__the__flick__of__a__switch．
⑤无论在哪里停车，它们都能变为不同形状和大小的小盒子，因此摆脱了有限的停车空间的难题。
They will transform into small boxes of__different__shapes__and__sizes__wherever/no__matter__where__we__park,__thus getting__rid__of the problem of limited__parking__space．
⑥未来的汽车肯定会使我们的生活更方便和舒适。
Future cars will for__sure/definitely__make__our__life__more__convenient__and__comfortable．
2．升级平淡句
⑦用非限制性定语从句升级句③
They__will__be__powered__by__air,__which__does__no__harm__to__the__environment.
⑧用过去分词短语作状语升级句④
Controlled__by__installed__computers,__the__car__will__drive__themselves__at__the__flick__of__a__switch.
3．衔接成美文(注意用适当的过渡衔接词汇：to start with, besides, in addition, eventually, in a word)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
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One possible version：
It is predicted that future cars will be quite different in many ways when compared to traditional ones.
To start with, future cars will be in the shape of bullets so that they can be driven at much higher speed. Besides, they will be powered by air, which does no harm to the environment. In addition, controlled by installed computers, the car will drive themselves at the flick of a switch. Eventually, they will transform into small boxes of different shapes and sizes wherever we park, thus getting rid of the problem of limited parking space.
In a word, future cars will for sure/definitely make our life more convenient and comfortable.
(建议用时：45分钟)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2020·威海高三诊断)A team of engineers at Harvard University created the first robotic fly. Designed to do what a fly does naturally, the tiny machine is the size of a fat housefly. Its mini wings allow it to stay in the air and perform controlled flight tasks.
“The added difficulty with a project like this is that actually none of its components is off the shelf and we have to develop them all on our own，” said Robert Wood, a Harvard engineering professor.
They engineered a series of systems to start and drive the robotic fly. “The seemingly simple system which just moves the wings has lots of interdependence(互相依赖) of the individual components, each of which individually has to perform well, but then has to be matched well to everything it’s connected to，” said Wood.
While this first robotic flyer is linked to a small, offboard power source, the goal is eventually to equip it with a builtin power source, so that it might someday perform datagathering work at rescue sites, in farmers’ fields or on the battlefield. “Basically it should be able to take off, land and fly around，” he said.
Wood says the design offers a new way to study flight mechanics and control at insectscale. Yet, the power, sensing and computation technologies on board could have much broader applications. “You can start thinking about using them to answer open scientific questions, you know, to study biology in ways that would be difficult with the animals, but using these robots instead，” he said. “So there are a lot of technologies and open interesting scientific questions that are really what drives us on a daytoday basis.”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。哈佛大学的工程师团队研制出了首个机器苍蝇飞行器，该飞行器虽然尺寸如苍蝇大小，但结构复杂，有望在未来执行搜救点、农田、战场的数据收集任务。
1．What is the typical characteristic of the robotic fly?
A．It’s automatic.
B．It’s very small.
C．It’s controllable.
D．It’s quite powerful.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第二、三句“Designed to do what a fly does naturally, the tiny machine is the size of a fat housefly. Its mini wings allow it to stay in the air and perform controlled flight tasks.”可知，这种飞行器设计初衷是为了能做苍蝇做的事，它的尺寸和肥胖的家蝇一样大，微小的翅膀可以让它停在空中执行受控的飞行任务；据此可知，该机器苍蝇飞行器的典型特点是尺寸小，故B项正确。
2．We can infer from the passage that the robotic flyer can ________．
A．act as a spy plane
B．help do farm work
C．fly at a very high speed
D．answer many scientific questions
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段第一句中的“so that it might someday perform datagathering work at rescue sites, in farmers’ fields or on the battlefield”可知，某一天这种飞行器可能用于执行搜救点、农田、战场的数据收集任务；据此可推知，该飞行器可以用作间谍飞机，故A项正确。
3．What is Wood’s idea about the robotic fly according to the last paragraph?
A．It is highly questionable.
B．It has wide practical applications.
C．It gives scientists interest in flying machines.
D．It points to a new direction in studying biology.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据尾段第二句“Yet，the power...could have much broader applications.”并结合Wood所说的话可知，Wood认为这种飞行器使用范围很广泛，故B项正确。
4．What can be the best title for the passage?
A．Harvard’s Study in the Field of Insects
B．A Breakthrough in Engineering Science
C．An Interesting Invention—Robotic Fly
D．Robotic Fly—a Copy of the Real Life Insect
D 解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文的主题句是第一段第一、二句；结合全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了哈佛大学的工程师团队研制出了首个机器苍蝇飞行器，该飞行器虽然尺寸如苍蝇大小，但结构复杂，有望在未来执行搜救点、农田、战场的数据收集任务。故D项最适合作本文标题。
B
(2020·昆明诊断测试)Artificial intelligence(AI) technology may soon be a useful tool for doctors. It may help them better understand and treat diseases like liver cancer in ways that were never before possible.
Rishi Rawat, who teaches AI at the University of Southern California in Los Angeles, is part of a team of scientists researching how AI and machine learning can more easily recognize cancerous growths in the liver. Rawat provides information about cancer cells to a computer. He says, “You can put the data into them and they will learn the patterns and the pattern recognition that’s important for making decisions.”
David Agus is another researcher. He believes that machines are not going to take the place of doctors. “Computers will not treat patients, but they will help make certain decisions and look for things that the human brain can’t recognize by itself.”
Once a confirmed cancerous growth is removed, doctors still have to treat the patient to reduce the risk of cancer returning. The form of treatment depends on the kind of cancer. Nowadays, researchers take a thin piece of tissue(组织), put it on a small piece of glass and add color to see the cells better. That process could take days or even longer. Scientists say artificial intelligence can do something better than just count cells. Through machine learning, it can recognize complex patterns or structures, and learn how the cells are organized.
The hope is that machines will soon be able to make a quick identification of cancer that is free of human mistakes. Agus says the process could be done for almost no cost in the developing world and that having a large amount of information about patients is important for a machine to effectively do its job in medicine.
The researchers of the university are now only studying liver cancer. But doctors predict artificial intelligence will one day make a difference in all forms of cancer.
【解题导语】 人工智能有望很快作为一种有用的工具帮助医生更好地诊断和治疗癌症。
5．What can AI do with the help of the information provided by the researchers?
A．Recognize cancer patterns.
B．Treat liver cancer.
C．Collect useful information.
D．Store cancerous cells.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“He says, ‘You can put the data into them and they will learn the patterns...making decisions.’”可知，人工智能可以根据对其输入的数据来学习该模式，并进行癌症模式的识别。
6．What can we learn about AI?
A．It will be able to replace doctors.
B．Patients are unlikely to be cancerous again with its help.
C．It is making a difference in taking care of patients.
D．It can recognize cancer more accurately.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句“Through machine learning...are organized.”可知，人工智能可以识别复杂的模式或结构，同时了解细胞是如何组成的。由此可推知，人工智能可以更精确地识别癌症。
7．What’s the author’s attitude towards the future of AI?
A．Optimistic. B．Doubtful.
C．Curious. D．Cold.
A 解析：观点态度题。根据文章最后两段的内容可知，人工智能将能够快速识别癌症，并且应用到治疗各种癌症之中。由此可推知，作者对人工智能的未来持乐观的态度。
8．What is the best title for the text?
A．AI Is Used to Treat Cancers
B．AI May Compete with Doctors
C．AI May Make Doctors Better
D．AI Is Better at Curing Cancers
C 解析：标题归纳题。根据对文章的整体理解可推知，人工智能有望很快作为一种有用的工具帮助医生更好地诊断和治疗癌症。
Ⅱ.七选五
(2020·湖北八市联考)In the super fastpaced world we live in, happiness may not come as easily as we wish. Here are some tips to make us live happily.
Don’t avoid or ignore negativity.
1．________ This can include people in your life who may be bringing you down, a hostile workplace environment or even a personal stressor that you haven’t conquered quite yet. You are in control of your environment and if these negative situations keep making an appearance, it’s up to you to handle them.
Take care of yourself and your needs.
In order to live a powerful and meaningful life, you must love yourself. Take care of your actions and how you live each day, and this will be reflected in your thoughts and emotional state of mind. 2.________
Mend what’s broken or get rid of it.
Determining what is worth your time and effort and what can be challenging. If situations are beyond repair, it’s time to let go. Are there relationships or friendships that remain damaged but you know are worth the time？3.________ Do what you can to find love in situations where it may have be absent in the past.
4．________
Giving our time, energy, love and sometimes money is what life is about. 5.________ My mom taught me a quote she learned in Mexico that stuck with me forever, “donde come uno, comen dos.(where one can eat, two can eat.)” It moves me every time I say it out loud. At the end of the day, no matter what you have you are likely in a position to give something small to someone else who needs it. Don’t hesitate.
A．Give back.
B．Be positive.
C．Fix them and find peace.
D．Do more of what makes you happy.
E．Love yourself fully in order to love others fully.
F．Everything we put out into the world comes back to us.
G．In order to conquer and overcome, it must be acknowledged.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了几个快乐生活的建议。
1．G 解析：根据小标题Don’t avoid or ignore negativity. 并结合该段内容可推知，必须先承认其消极性才能战胜和克服它。故选G项。
2．E 解析：根据该段中的“you must love yourself”以及“Take care of your actions and how you live each day”可推知，E项“为了充分地爱别人，要完全地爱自己”符合语境，故选E项。
3．C 解析：根据小标题Mend what’s broken or get rid of it. 以及空前一句可知，修复那些值得你花时间的关系或友谊，故选C项。
4．A 解析：根据文章结构以及空处所在位置可知，空处为段落小标题，该段主要是讲要去付出。故选A项。
5．F 解析：根据空前一句可知，生活就是付出我们的时间、精力、爱，有时是金钱，由此可推知，空处应是讲有付出就会有回报。故选F项。
Ⅲ.完形填空
(2020·安徽六安一中模拟)As a child, I was always good at drawing and art. I won__1__， got constant attention, and even saw my face in the __2__ and on television because of my natural ability to __3__．
Most people who __4__ to come across something that they are good at are __5__ to take it and run with it. Of course, my life was no __6__. From teachers, to principals, to family members, __7__ seemingly had a ton of advice to give me in regard to art.
All the while, my true desire was __8__. I entered poetry, essay, and shortstory contests and __9__ them all. It was such a contrast with my artistic __10__ experience! It was so bad that I __11__ a good friend of mine who told me once, “If you are so good at drawing, why do you even care about writing? __12__ drawing！”
Though well－intentioned, eighteen years later I’m __13__ I didn’t take his words to heart. Years went by with me still writing and still occasionally entering __14__. It wasn’t until my first year in college that I finally got an honorable __15__ in a poetry contest. As a writer I’ve truly __16__．
I’m sure there are things in your life that are __17__ and yet, rewarding. Endurance(忍耐), especially when it comes to things you truly love is __18__. Take some time to devote some more __19__ to the “thing” that doesn’ t come __20__ and see what happens.
【解题导语】 作者通过自己的亲身经历，说明了这样一个道理：对自己真正喜欢的东西，要坚持不懈地去追求，最终总会取得成功。
1．A.praise B．awards
C．supports D．success
B 解析：根据下文“got constant attention, and even saw my face in the ______ and on television because of my natural ability to ______”可知，“我”获奖了。故选B。A：表扬； B：奖赏；C：支持； D：成功。
2．A.street B．school
C．newspaper D．book
C 解析：根据常识可知，可以在报纸(newspaper)上和电视上看到“我”的脸，故选C。
3．A.draw B．act
C．learn D．show
A 解析：根据“As a child, I was always good at drawing and art.”可知，当是孩童时，“我”就一直擅长绘画和美术，故选A。
4．A.want B．mean
C．agree D．happen
D 解析：句意：大多数人碰巧(happen)遇到他们擅长的东西，会被别人鼓励(encouraged)接受并且运用它。
5．A.encouraged B．invited
C．developed D．permitted
A 解析：参见上题解析。A：鼓励；B：邀请；C：发展；D：允许。
6．A.perfect B．different
C．similar D．lucky
B 解析：句意：当然，我的人生也没有什么不同。A：完美的；B：不同的；C：相似的；D：幸运的。
7．A.everyone B．who
C．that D．no one
A 解析：根据上文“From teachers, to principals, to family members”可知，对于艺术，每个人(everyone)似乎都有一大堆建议给“我”。
8．A.art B．fixing
C．writing D．music
C 解析：根据下文“If you are so good at drawing, why do you even care about writing？______ drawing！”可知，“我”真正的愿望是写作(writing)。
9．A.won B．ignored
C．missed D．lost
D 解析：根据下文“It was such a contrast with my artistic ______ experience！”中的contrast可知，和“我”参加艺术比赛形成鲜明对比的是，“我”参加诗文、散文、短篇小说比赛总是失败(lost)。A：获胜；B：忽略；C：错过；D：输掉(比赛、诉讼案件、辩论等)。
10．A.interest B．competition
C．career D．talent
B 解析：句意：这与我的艺术比赛(competition)形成了鲜明的对比。
11．A.had B．made
C．found D．met
A 解析：句意：我有(had)一个好朋友，曾经告诉我：“如果你特别擅长绘画，你为什么还要关心写作？坚持(Stick to)绘画！”
12．A.Give up B．Take in
C．Stick to D．Put away
C 解析：参见上题解析。A：放弃；B：吸收；C：坚持；D：放好，存储。
13．A.glad B．sorry
C．sad D．sure
A 解析：根据下文“It wasn’t until my first year in college that I finally got an honorable ______ in a poetry contest. As a writer I’ve truly ______．”可知，作为一个作家，“我”成功了，由此判断“我”很高兴(glad)当初没有把这个朋友的话放在心上。
14．A.training B．contests
C．articles D．trouble
B 解析：根据下文“It wasn’t until my first year in college that I finally got an honorable ______ in a poetry contest.”可知，随着时间的流逝，“我”依然坚持写作，偶尔参加比赛(contests)。
15．A.appearance B．change
C．mention D．name
C 解析：根据“As a writer I’ve truly ______．”可知，最终在诗歌比赛中，“我”被提及。get a mention被提及。
16．A.forgot B．regretted
C．expected D．grown
D 解析：作为一名作家，“我”真正地成长(grown)了。A：忘记；B：遗憾，后悔；C：期待；D：成长。
17．A.challenging B．beautiful
C．appealing D．hopeful
A 解析：根据下文“and yet, rewarding. Endurance (忍耐)”可知，此处指“我”确信在你的人生中会有充满挑战的事情。A：充满挑战的；B：美丽的；C：吸引人的；D：有希望的。
18．A.meaningless B．popular
C．essential D．painful
C 解析：句意：忍耐，特别是就你真正喜爱的事情而言，是至关重要的。A：无意义的；B：受欢迎的；C：重要的；D：痛苦的。
19．A.consideration B．energy
C．money D．education
B 解析：句意：花时间投入更多的精力到不容易的“事情”上，看看会发生什么。A：考虑；B：精力； C：钱；D：教育。
20．A.young B．bad
C．usual D．easy
D 解析：参见上题解析。not come easy (to sb.)(对某人来说)并非易事。
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