2021届高考英语人教版一轮创新教学案：第2编专题八介词和介词短语
展开专题八 介词和介词短语
1.(2019·全国卷Ⅰ，63)Modern methods ________ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid－1980s.
答案：of/for a method of/for doing sth. “做某事的方法”。
2．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ，63)We were first greeted with the barking by a pack ________ dogs, seven to be exact.
答案：of a pack of是固定搭配，意为“一群……”。
3．(2019·浙江高考，61)The answer ________ this question is not clear.
答案：to the answer to ... “……的答案”。
4．(2018·北京高考，14)—Good morning, Mr Lee's office.
—Good morning. I'd like to make an appointment ________ next Wednesday afternoon.
答案：for make an appointment for “……(时间)的预约”。
5．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ，62)It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible crowds on the roads above as they travelled to and ________ work.
答案：from to and from work “上下班”。
6．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ，68)After school she plans to take a year off to model fulltime before going to university to get a degree ________ engineering or architecture.
答案：in get a degree in ... “获得……学位”。
7．(2017·天津高考，12)When you drive through the Redwood Forests in California, you will be ________ trees that are over 1,000 years old.
答案：among 句意：当你驾车穿越加利福尼亚的红木森林时，你将会置身于树龄千年以上的树木之间。among “在……之间，在……中”，由前文中的drive through the Redwood Forests可知among符合句意。
8．(2017·北京高考，35)Many people who live along the coast make a living ________ fishing industry.
答案：in 句意：许多住在海边的人都是靠渔业来谋生的。介词in在此表示“从事于……”。make a living in fishing industry “靠渔业谋生”。
9．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ，67)I was searching ________ these three western lowland gorillas I'd been observing.
答案：for search for “寻找……”。
10．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ，短文改错)Still I was unwilling to play the games for them sometimes.
________________________________________________________________________
答案：for→with play with sb. “与……一起玩耍”。
常用介词的意义
续表
续表
介词 | 基本词义 | 例子 |
between | 在(两者)之间 | A lot of students spend a year abroad in between high school and university. |
among | 在(三者或以上)之间 | The problem is causing widespread concern among scientists. |
常见的复合介词
介词to的搭配
1．与名词常见搭配
the solution to the problem 问题的解决方法
the key to the door 门的钥匙
the answer to the question 问题的答案
to the point 切中要害，中肯
to one's taste 合某人胃口
to one's surprise/joy/delight 令某人吃惊/高兴的是
approach to sth. 通往……的路，学习……的方法
attitude to/towards 对待……的态度
dance to music 伴着音乐跳舞
the entrance to ……的入口
have/gain access to 有……的机会
2．与动词常见搭配
devote ... to ... 把……用于
adjust ... to ... 调节……以适应
adapt ... to ... 适应……
attach ... to ... 把……附在……上
object to 反对
look forward to 盼望
pay attention to 注意
get down to sth. 开始做某事；开始认真对待某事
see to 照料，处理
owe sth. to sb. 欠某人某物；把……归功于/归因于
make contributions to 为……作出贡献
be get used to 习惯于
prefer ... to ... 宁愿……而不
belong to 属于
lead to 通向，导致
put an end to 结束
be up to 从事，干
point to 指着
stick to 坚持
hold on to 抓住不放
look up to 尊敬，尊重
compared to 与……相比
be admitted to 被录取
live up to 符合，达到，不辜负
apply to 利用，运用
attend to 处理，照顾；关照
appeal to 有吸引力；呼吁；上诉
respond to 应答
3．与形容词常见搭配
be related to 与……有关
be sensitive to 对……敏感
be similar to 与……相似
be linked to 与……有关
be relevant to 与……相关
be important to 对……很重要
be beneficial to 对……有益
be equal to 等于……
be familiar to 对某人来说是熟悉的
be blind to 对……视而不见
be addicted to 沉溺于
常用介词与形容词的搭配
be conscious of 意识到
be fond of 喜爱
be aware of 意识到；明白
be strict with sb. in sth. 对某人某方面严格
be worthy of 值得；配得上
be different from 与……不同
be absent from 缺席
be popular with 受到……的欢迎
be present at 出席
be tired of 厌倦……
be busy with 忙于……
be lost in 迷失在……
be anxious about 为……担心
be buried in 全神贯注于
be ashamed of 因……而惭愧
be absorbed in 全神贯注于
be suspicious of 怀疑……
be familiar with 熟悉……
介词in构成的常见短语
in common with 与……一样
in the face of 面对……
in time for 正好……
in danger of 处于……危险中
in defence of 为了保护……
in need/want of 需要……
in consequence of 由于……
in favour of 赞成……
in exchange for 交换……
in memory of 为了纪念……
in honour of 为向……表示敬意
in praise of 为了赞美……
in charge of 负责……
in the charge of 由……负责
in possession of 拥有……
in the possession of 由……拥有
in search of 为了寻找……
in touch with 和……保持联系
in preparation for 为……作准备
in place of 代替，而不是
in the hope of 希望……
in the course of 在……的过程中
in the habit of 有……的习惯
in front of 在……的前面
in the form of 以……的形式
in the front of 在……的前部
in the name of 以……名义
in relation to 与……相关
in regard to 关于/至于……
in return for 作为……回报
in terms of 就……而言
in harmony with 与……协调
其他介词短语
短语 | 词义 | 例句 |
for lack of | 因为缺乏 | More and more highrise buildings have been built in big cities for lack of space. |
on condition that | 如果，条件是(＋句子) | I will lend you the book on condition that you return it on Monday. |
with regard to | 关于，至于 | With regard to the party on July 1st I shall be pleased to attend. |
续表
短语 | 词义 | 例句 |
on behalf of | 代表 | On behalf of everyone here, I wish you a pleasant journey back to your country. |
by means of | 凭借…… | The water may be carried by means of a pipe. |
in case of | 万一…… | In case of fire, ring the alarm bell. |
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2020·贵州省安顺市高三联考)I pulled up next ________ him, got out of the car, and gave him all my egg money.
答案：to 句意：我在他旁边停了下来，从车里出来，把全部的私房钱给了他。根据句意，可知此处为固定搭配，next to意为“在……旁边”。故填to。
2．(2019·山东省德州市高三月考)The idea of creating a national park was first discussed in the 1940s, but people couldn't agree ________ what size to make the park.
答案：on agree on是固定搭配，表示“对……达成一致”。
3．He went to Shanghai ________ an important meeting.
答案：for 句意：他去上海参加一个重要会议。for在此处表示目的，其后习惯于接名词或代词。
4．In addition ________ the injuries in the face and hands, he broke both legs while playing the final game.
答案：to 句意：决赛时除了脸部和手部受伤外，他还摔断了双腿。in addition to＝besides “除……之外(还)”。
5．(2019·广东省佛山市顺德区高三教学质量检测)Bullied kids face a high risk ________ mental health problems.
答案：of 句意：受欺凌的孩子们面临着高风险的精神健康问题。a risk of “……的风险”。
6．She contributed more than any other scientist ________ solving the structure of DNA.
答案：to 句意：她在破解DNA结构方面所做的贡献，比任何一位科学家都大。contribute ... to sth./doing sth. “为某事/做某事作出贡献”，to为介词，后跟名词或动名词作宾语。
7．Last year was the warmest year on record, with global temperature 0.68 ________ average.
答案：above 句意：去年是有记载以来最暖和的一年，全球气温高于平均气温0.68度。根据语境the warmest year on record可知是比平均气温高0.68度。above average意为“高于平均值”。
8．In India, for example, most people traditionally eat ________ their hands.
答案：with 句意：在印度，大多数人历来采用手抓的方式吃饭。with＋人体部位或工具，表示“用……(工具)”。
9．This meeting room is a nonsmoking area. I would like to warn you ________ advance that if you smoked here you would be fined.
答案：in 句意：这个会议室是禁烟区。我想提前告诫你，如果你吸烟会被罚款的。in advance “预先；提前”，固定搭配。
10．Have you ever heard of the trees that are homes ________ animals both on land and sea?
答案：to 句意：你听说过这些既是陆地动物的栖息地，又是海洋动物的家园的树木吗？be home to ... “是……的家园或栖息地”。
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．My connection with pandas goes back my days on a TV show in the mid1980s.
__________________________________________________________________
答案：back后加to go back to “追溯到”，固定短语。
2．My uncle says that he never dreams becoming rich in a short period of time.
_________________________________________________________________
答案：dreams后加about/of dream about/of doing sth. “梦想做某事”。
3．The dictionary is outofdate: many words have been added the language since it was published.
__________________________________________________________________
答案：added后加to add sth. to “把……添加到……”，为固定搭配。
4．Many of the things we now benefit for would not be around but for Thomas Edison.
__________________________________________________________________
答案：for→from 句意：如果没有托马斯·爱迪生的话，今天我们享用的许多东西都将不存在。benefit from “得益于”，固定搭配，符合语境。
5．Now I am leaving home to college. At last, I will be on my own, but I still want to have my parents to turn to whenever I need help.
__________________________________________________________________
答案：home后的to→for leave ... for ... “离开……去……”，固定搭配。
