2021届高考英语人教版一轮创新教学案：第2编专题六冠词
展开专题六 名词和冠词
1.(2019·浙江高考，57)Everybody wears ________ same style of clothes.
答案：the 此处特指校服的款式相同，the same ... “相同的……”。
2．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ，62)Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over ________ past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.
答案：the 此处特指“过去的25年”，应用定冠词the。
3．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ，62)Unexpectedly, I'm facetoface with the gorilla, who begins screaming at ________ top of her lungs.
答案：the at the top of one's lungs意为“声嘶力竭”，此处表示大猩猩声嘶力竭地发出吼叫声。故填the。
4．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ，65)As ________ result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.
答案：a as a result是固定搭配，意为“结果”。
5．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ，64)This included digging up the road, laying the track and then building a strong roof over ________ top.
答案：the 此处特指“顶部”，故用定冠词the。
6．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ，短文改错)During my last winter holiday, I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents.
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答案：第一个to后加the countryside常与定冠词the搭配，意为“乡下，乡村”。
7．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ，短文改错)Each of my cafes will have a different theme and an unique style.
_______________________________________________________________
答案：an→a unique是读音以辅音音素开头的单词，其前用a，不用an。
8．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ， 短文改错)As the kid, I loved to watch cartoons.
_________________________________________________________________
答案：the→a 此处指作为一个孩子，表泛指，应用不定冠词a。
不定冠词的基本用法
不定冠词a/an | ||
| 使用场合 | 例子 |
1 | 具有泛指的概念，表示“一类”或“其中的一个” | A horse is a useful animal. |
2 | 初次提到某人或某物 | I need a notebook. |
3 | 在速度、比率、价格等前面 | You can buy secondhand books at a low price in one of our school societies. |
4 | 用在某些物质名词前，该物质名词便具体化了 | Would you like a coffee or a tea? |
5 | 用在某些抽象名词前，该抽象名词便具体化了 | He has a good knowledge of chemistry. |
6 | 用在专有名词前，表示类似的一个或某一个 | He is a Jiao Yulu. |
7 | 表示“同一个”的意思 | The two boys are of an age. |
8 | 表示独一无二的名词前有形容词修饰时，其前加不定冠词 | I could see a rising sun then. |
9 | 不定冠词的特殊位置：how/so/as/too＋形容词＋不定冠词＋名词 | Never will you meet so kind a teacher(＝ such a kind teacher) like him. |
10 | 名词前冠词a或an的使用应根据发音而不是单词的首字母 | a university; a European country; an hour; an honest man |
11 | 表示季节、星期、三餐名称的名词前有形容词修饰时，其前需用不定冠词 | a cold winter; a rainy Monday; a delicious supper |
12 | 用在序数词前表示“再一”，“又一” | She thanked him a second time. |
[拓展] 常见带有不定冠词的短语：
a handful of 一把，少量 in a hurry 匆忙
a length of 一根，一段 in a word 总之
a variety of 种种 in a low voice 低声地
a waste of time 浪费时间 a world of silence 无声的世界
a total of 总共 all of a sudden 突然
an average of 平均 as a matter of fact 事实上
80 km an hour 每小时80公里
have a good time 玩得开心
three times a day 一天三次 make a fire 生火
at a time 一次，每次 pay a visit to 拜访
an hour and a half 一个半小时
do sb. a favor 帮……一个忙
定冠词the的主要用法
[拓展] 固定搭配
by the hour按小时计算
in the 1990s在二十世纪九十年代
at the age of在……岁时
at the beginning of在……的开始
at the foot of在……的脚下
at the mercy of任凭……的摆布
in the distance在远处
in the distant future在遥远的将来
on the one hand ... on the other hand ... 一方面……另一方面……
on (the) top of在……顶上
on the phone在电话里
on (the) air正在广播/播放
on the contrary正相反
break the law违法
form the habit of养成……的习惯
in the habit of有……的习惯
不用冠词的几种情况
| 使用场合 | 例句 |
1 | 季节、节日(用day表示的节日前)、星期、三餐(前面没有修饰词时)等之前，一般不加冠词。the Spring Festival (Festival表示的节日前加the) | There are a lot of activities at the beach in summer. |
2 | 名词前有物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、名词所有格等限定词修饰时，一般不加冠词 | Please give another example to illustrate your point. |
3 | 专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词、人名、地名等名词前，一般不加冠词 | Air, water and light are all matter. |
4 | 球类、棋类、学科等名称前，一般不加冠词 | I have been learning English for 8 years. |
5 | 称呼、头衔、职务等表示抽象性质的名词前，不加冠词 | He was elected monitor of our class. |
6 | 在与by连用的交通工具名称前不加冠词 | At two o'clock in the afternoon, we'll gather at the school gate, after which we'll set out for the destination by bus. |
7 | turn(变成，成为)后面的名词前不加冠词。但become后面的名词前一定要加冠词 | My dream was to become a teacher when I grew up, but I turned writer 20 years later. |
8 | 在一个以“普通名词＋as”所引导的让步状语从句中，该普通名词前不加冠词 | Child as he is, he knows a lot.＝ Although he is a child, he knows a lot. |
9 | 泛指复数名词前不用冠词 | Optional courses enable students to engage in what they are really interested in and what they are willing to devote to. |
10 | school, church, prison, hospital前不加冠词，表示抽象的概念 | Our school is quite close to our home, so we can go to school together by bike. |
11 | 绝对不可数名词，如fun, news, information, word(消息), advice, nature，前不用不定冠词 | We not only gain a wellbalanced life through going in for sports, but also get more chances to make more friends and stay closer to nature. |
[拓展] 固定搭配
deeply/heavily in debt 负债累累
in good health 身体安康
in good condition性能良好
in great demand 急需
in great need of 急需……
in danger有危险
in office就职
in honor of为了纪念……
in trouble陷入麻烦
in favor of赞同……
with anger怒气冲天
in/within sight 在视野之内
in (out of) order 秩序井然(无序)
on business 出差
on holiday 度假
on leave 休假
on watch 值班
on fire失火
heart and soul 全心全意
knife and fork 刀叉
husband and wife夫妇
brother and sister兄弟姐妹
from morning till night从早到晚
on horseback骑着马
at sea在海上(尤指乘船)，不知所措
特殊情况
有无冠词意义不同 | ||
| 无冠词 | 有冠词 |
1 | out of problem不成问题 | out of the problem不可能 |
2 | take place发生；举行 | take the place of代替…… |
3 | in hospital住院 | in the hospital在医院里 |
4 | at table在吃饭 | at the table在餐桌旁 |
5 | in front of在……前方 | in the front of在……前部 |
6 | three of us我们中的三个人 | the three of us我们三个人 |
7 | on earth究竟 | on the earth在地球上 |
8 | go to school上学 | go to the school去学校 |
9 | in charge of负责…… | in the charge of由……负责 |
10 | in control of控制…… | in the control of由……控制 |
11 | in possession of拥有…… | in the possession of由……拥有 |
用定冠词不定冠词意义不同 | ||
| 不定冠词 | 定冠词 |
1 | a number of许多 | the number of ……的数量 |
2 | the second第二个 | a second又一，再一 |
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2019·中央民大附中月考)Besides, you can just put the contents of the basket into your suitcase if you are in ________ hurry to leave for the airport.
答案：a 此处是in a hurry固定短语，意为“急于做某事”。句意：此外，如果你急于动身去机场，你可以把篮子中的东西放进你的行李箱。
2．(2020·石家庄市重点高中高三毕业班摸底考试)It also publishes literary works, but mainly short stories and poems, as well as humorous sketches (小品) and its unique style of ________ New Yorker cartoons.
答案：the the New Yorker《纽约客》为报刊杂志类，前面加定冠词the。
3．(2019·广东省肇庆市蓝精灵中学高三月考)If you are interested in ________ certain article or you think it of great importance, you can download and store it for future use.
答案：a 设空处后面的certain表示“某种，某一”，通常与不定冠词a连用，构成a certain修饰后面的名词。
4．(2019·河南省巩义市高三模拟考试)To ease the worldwide communication among nations, we should create ________ common language and provide courses of it.
答案：a 此处表示泛指一种共同的语言，故使用a。
5．Now, years later, this river is one of ________ most outstanding examples of environmental cleanup.
答案：the “one of＋the＋可数名词的复数形式”结构，表示“……之一”。
6．Instead of winning the gold medal as had been expected, this world record holder only came ________ fifth in the game.
答案：/ 句意：没有像人们预料的那样赢得金牌，这个世界纪录保持者仅在比赛中屈居第五。come fifth意为“位列第五”，序数词作状语时，其前不用冠词。
7．(2019·广东省高三“六校联盟”第一次联考)To her amazement, her son was grateful for her willingness to call and offered ________ apology of his own.
答案：an 此处空格后面是apology，其发音是以元音音素开头，故使用an。
8．Researchers have not found ________ cure, but they are developing a better understanding of the disease.
答案：a 句意：研究人员们还没有找到治疗方法，但他们对那种疾病有了更好的了解。cure意为“治疗方法”时是可数名词。
9．How beautifully she sings! I've never heard ________ better voice.
答案：a 句意：她唱得多么动听啊！我从来没听过比这更动听的声音。“否定词＋不定冠词＋比较级＋名词”，表示最高级意义。
10．Sam has been appointed ________ manager of the engineering department to take ________ place of George.
答案：/; the 句意：萨姆接替乔治被任命为工程部经理。表示职位、头衔的名词作表语、主语补足语、宾语补足语或同位语时，前面不用冠词；take the place of意为“代替……，取代……，接替……的位置”，为固定短语。
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．To be a honest person is the most important wealth in our life.
________________________________________________________________
答案：a→an honest的读音是以元音音素开头的，此处表示“一个诚实的人”，用an honest person。
2．(2019·青海省西宁市四中高三一模)Weighing too much can damage your health, and obesity is the growing problem for both kids and adults around the world.
________________________________________________________________
答案：第一个the→a 此处表示泛指，意思是“一个日益严重的问题”，故使用不定冠词a。
3．I can't tell you the way to the Wilson's because we don't have Wilson here in the village.
_______________________________________________________________
答案：第二个Wilson前加a 人名前用不定冠词表示“某一”。句意：我无法告诉你去威尔逊家的路，因为我们这个村没有叫威尔逊的人。
4．I asked Mom to stay in the sitting room and I cooked in kitchen.
________________________________________________________________
答案：kitchen前加the 这个句子变为直接引语为“Mom, you stay in the sitting room, and I cook in the kitchen.”，此处表示谈话双方都知道的事物，故用定冠词the。
5．It was a sunny day in the spring. The sun shone brightly.
________________________________________________________________
答案：去掉spring前的the 表示季节的名词spring, summer, autumn, winter前没有形容词修饰时，一般不用冠词。
