2021届高考英语人教版一轮创新教学案：第2编专题四定语从句

专题四　定语从句

1.(2019·全国卷Ⅱ，62)Now Irene Astbury works from 9 am to 5 pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, ________  she opened with her late husband Les.

答案：which　分析句子结构可知，逗号后是非限制性定语从句，the pet shop是先行词，定语从句中缺少opened的宾语，故用which引导非限制性定语从句。

2．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ，64)They were well trained by their masters ________ had great experience with caring for these animals.

答案：who　分析句子结构可知，所填词引导定语从句，修饰指人的先行词their masters，且在从句中作主语，故填关系代词who。

3．(2019·浙江高考，58)On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth ________ gives off light in the dark.

答案：that/which　此处引导定语从句来修饰先行词a piece of cloth，而且在从句中作主语，所以用that或which来引导。

4．(2019·江苏高考，21)We have entered into an age ________ dreams have the best chance of coming true.

答案：when　句意：我们已经进入了一个梦想最有可能实现的时代。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词是表示时间的名词an age，在从句中作时间状语，故用关系副词when引导定语从句。

5．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ，69)The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government  started a soil­testing program ________ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers—and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.

答案：that/which　设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词program，同时在定语从句中作主语，所以用that/which。

6．(2018·天津高考，2)Kate, ________ sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia.

答案：whose　设空处引导非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少定语，指代Kate的姐姐。故应用whose引导该从句。

7．(2018·浙江高考，57)Many westerners ________ come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out.

答案：who/that　设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词westerners，指人，在从句中作主语，所以用who/that。

8．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ，70)Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both,  ________  is not good for the health.

答案：which　句意：很可能摄入过多(脂肪和盐)，那对健康没有好处。分析句子结构可知，“________ is not good for the health”为非限制性定语从句，补充说明主句内容，关系词在从句中作主语。故填关系代词which。

9．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ，短文改错)One afternoon where I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground.

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答案：where→when　先行词one afternoon是表示时间的名词，后面的定语从句应用when引导。

10．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ，短文改错)They also had a small pond which they raised fish.

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答案：which前加in或which→where　此处引导定语从句，修饰表示地点的先行词pond，而此处的引导词在定语从句中作状语，所以用in which或者where。

关系代词和关系副词引导的定语从句

在一个主从复合句中修饰某一个名词、代词或修饰整个主句的从句叫定语从句，即作定语的句子。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引导。这些关系词的意义和功能比较如下：

关系代词that与which, which与as的用法区别

续表

“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句中的注意事项

定语从句的其他事项

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．(2020·河南省南阳市第一中学高三上学期第三次月考)________ it is known to all, smoking is harmful for health.

答案：As　本句是一个由as引导的非限制性定语从句，as指代后面的主句。

2．(2019·广东省深圳市南山区高三摸底)I had to stay and fight this rule again for girls ________  want to play football.

答案：who/that　句意：我不得不再次留下来为那些想踢足球的女孩们反抗这个规定。先行词是girls，定语从句中缺少主语，故填who或that。

3．We are living in an age ________ QR codes (二维码) are becoming more and more popular in our daily life.

答案：when　句意：我们生活在一个日常生活中二维码越来越受欢迎的时代。when引导定语从句，在从句中作时间状语。

4．(2019·广西桂林市十八中高三月考)Just as I was in the middle of my descent (下降), a gentleman entered the main entrance ________  was right in front of the staircase.

答案：which/that　句意：当我正在下楼梯的时候，一位男士进入通道，而通道口刚好在楼梯前。设空处引导定语从句，修饰前面的先行词entrance，虽然entrance表示“入口处”，有地点的意味，但是从句中缺少主语，故填which/that。

5．They worked for two hours to rescue the man ________ was injured in the accident.

答案：who　句意：他们工作两个小时，挽救事故中受伤的那个人。who引导定语从句，在从句中作主语，修饰先行词the man。

6．Please go through the text and underline the words ________ meanings you don't know.

答案：whose　句意：请通读全文，画出你不懂的那些词。whose引导定语从句，在从句中作定语。

7．Lichun is a Chinese word for one of the 24 solar terms, ________ means the beginning of spring.

答案：which　句意：立春是中国二十四节气中的一个节气，意味着春天的开始。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，所以用which。

8．(2019·吉林省长春市实验中学学期初考试)We are talking about one of the most interesting devices  ________  allow people to deal with lots of aspects of their lives.

答案：that　先行词devices前面有最高级the most interesting修饰，同时后面的句子缺少主语，应用that引导定语从句。

9．Two blocks beyond the school is a field ________ we often played football during childhood.

答案：where　句意：我们学校两个街区之外是一个运动场，我们孩提时代常常去那儿踢球。where引导定语从句，在从句中作地点状语。

10．Chongyang Festival, ________ is also known as the Double Ninth Festival, falls on the ninth day of the ninth month of the Chinese lunar calendar.

答案：which　句意：重阳节，也叫双九节，是在中国农历的9月9日。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，所以用which。

Ⅱ.单句改错

1．(2019·中央民大附中月考)Which is often the case, however, there are others who find the theory less convincing.

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答案：Which→As　句意：然而，情况往往是这样的，有些人发现这个理论说服力不强。as is often the case “情况往往是这样”，此处as引导非限制性定语从句，故把Which改为As。

2．In their spare time, they are interested in planting vegetables in their garden, that is on the rooftop of their house.

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答案：that→which　先行词为garden，且在从句中作主语，that不能引导非限制性定语从句，故需将that改成which。

3．The dishes what I cooked were Mom's favorite.

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答案：what→which/that或去掉what　关系代词在从句中作宾语，指物，用关系代词that/which，也可省略。

4．I didn't become a serious climber until the fifth grade, which I went up to rescue a kite that was stuck in the branches of a tree.

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答案：which→when　本句中，逗号后是一个非限制性定语从句，补充说明和修饰先行词the fifth grade，关系词在从句中作状语，表时间，故改which为when。

5．Please send us all the information which you have about the candidate for the position.

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答案：which→that　先行词为information，在定语从句中充当have的宾语，先行词被all修饰，故关系词只能用that，不用which。