2021届高考英语人教版一轮创新教学案：第1编Book1Unit2　Englisharoundtheworld

Unit 2　English around the world


1．I feel honored to join the English course; I really miss that good time.
很荣幸能参加英语课程的学习，我非常怀念那段美好的时光。
2．As for my hobby, I'm keen on playing football, which makes it possible for me to make more friends with the same interest.
至于我的爱好，我酷爱踢足球，使我能够与志趣相投的人交朋友。
3．I am proficient in English, which enables me to have opportunities to practise English with native speakers.
我英语好，这使我有机会和英语为母语的人一起进行语言练习。
4．What satisfies me most is that I have no difficulty communicating with others in English.
最使我满意的是我用英语和别人交流起来毫不费力。

自主排查 夯基固本

Ⅰ　核心单词
(1)actual (adj.) 真实的；实际的→actually (adv.) 实际上；事实上
(2)base (vt.) 以……为根据 (n.) 基部；基地；基础→basic (adj.) 基本的；基础的→basis (n.) 基础；基准
(3)gradual (adj.) 逐渐的；逐步的→gradually (adv.) 逐渐地；逐步地
(4)latter (adj.) 较后的；后半的；(两者中)后者的→latest (adj.) 最新的；最近的→later (adv.) 后来 (adj.) 后来的→lately (adv.) 近来；最近→late (adj.& adv.) 晚(的)；迟(的)
(5)fluent (adj.) 流利的；流畅的→fluently (adv.) 流利地；流畅地
(6)frequent (adj.) 频繁的；常见的→frequently (adv.) 常常；频繁地→frequency (n.) 频率
(7)command (n.& vt.) 命令；指令；掌握→commander (n.) 负责人；(尤指)司令官；指挥官
(8)request (n.& vt.) 请求；要求
(9)expression (n.) 词语；表达；表示→express (vt.) 表达 (n.) 快车；快递
(10)recognize (vt.) 辨认出；承认；公认→recognized (adj.) 公认的；经过验证的→recognition (n.) 识别；承认；认出
(11)straight (adv.) 直接；挺直 (adj.) 直的；笔直的；正直的
Ⅱ　阅读单词
(1)official (adj.) 官方的；正式的；公务的
(2)voyage (n.) 航海；航行
(3)native (adj.) 本国的；本地的 (n.) 本地人；本国人
(4)apartment (n.) 单元住宅；〈美〉公寓住宅
(5)vocabulary (n.) 词汇；词汇量；词表
(6)spelling (n.) 拼写；拼法
(7)identity (n.) 本身；本体；身份
(8)usage (n.) 使用；用法；词语惯用法
(9)midwestern (adj.) 中西部的；有中西部特性的
(10)eastern (adj.) 东方的；东部的
(11)southeastern (adj.) 东南方的；来自东南的
(12)northwestern (adj.) 西北方的；来自西北的
(13)accent (n.) 口音；腔调；重音
(14)block (n.) 街区；块；木块；石块
　[单句语法填空]
1.She commanded that the prisoners ________ (set) free.
答案：(should) be set
2．The young American can even recite many Tang poems very ________ (fluent)．
答案：fluently

3．I went to a workshop and ________ (gradual) got good at making things with clay.
答案：gradually
4．Go ________ (straight) down the road until you come to the English language school.
答案：straight
5．Mr Brown sent her a message, ________ (request) her to call him at her earliest convenience.
答案：requesting
6．Nearly one hundred countries recognize English as their ________ (office) language.
答案：official
7．Seeing the road ________ (block) with snow, he decided to clear it without delay.
答案：blocked/was blocked
8．You'll be able to choose a room ________ (base) on your own tastes.
答案：based
9．Alexander tried to get his work ________ (recognize) by the medical profession.
答案：recognized
10．I made friends with the ________ (native), and their reaction amazed me.
答案：natives

联想积累
1．“旅行”家族
①voyage n. 航行；航海
②tour n. (观光)旅行
③travel n．& v. 旅行
④journey n. (长途)旅行
⑤trip n. (短途)旅行；外出
⑥outing n. 远足
2．以“­ial”结尾的形容词集锦
①official 官方的；正式的
②beneficial 有益的
③commercial 商业的
④facial 面部的
⑤initial 最初的
⑥social 社会的
3．“请求，要求”家族
①request n．& vt. 要求；请求
②claim vt.要求；声称
③desire vt. 渴望；期望
④demand n．& vt. 要求
⑤ask vt.& vi. 要求；请求
⑥require vt. 要求；需要
4．后缀­ern构成的方位形容词集锦
①eastern 东方的；东部的；来自东方的
②western 西方的；西部的；在西方的；在西部的
③southern 南方的；南部的
④northern 北方的；北部的
⑤northwestern 西北的；来自西北的
⑥southeastern 东南的；来自东南的
⑦midwestern中西部的；有中西部特性的



1．because_of 因为；由于
2．even_if/though 尽管；即使
3．come_up 走近；上来；提出
4．be_based_on 根据；以……为基础
5．more_than 超过；非常；不只是；不仅是
6．at present 现在；目前
7．make use of 利用；使用
8．such as 例如……；像这种的
9．believe it or not 信不信由你
10．play a part (in) 扮演一个角色；参与

　[选词填空]
such as， because of， more than， come up， believe it or not， play an important part/role in
1．The solution which ________ in my unconscious mind proved correct at every step.
答案：came up
2．—I'm ________ happy to take you there in my car.
—You are so nice. Thank you.
答案：more than
3．As for Mr Deng Jiaxian, it was ________ his love of his motherland that he refused the job offer abroad.
答案：because of
4．In many cultures, round foods ________ grapes, bread, and mooncakes are eaten at welcome celebrations.
答案：such as
5．________， there is no way of predicting what the long­term effects of the explosion will be.
答案：Believe it or not
6．To be honest, celebrating festivals ________ passing on traditional Chinese culture.
答案：has played an important part/role in

联想积累
1．than的相关短语聚焦
①more than 超过；非常；不仅仅
②no more than 仅仅；只不过
③not more than 至多；不超过
④other than 除了
⑤rather than 而不是
2．表示“因为；由于”的短语一览
①because of 因为；由于
②thanks to 多亏；由于
③owing to 由于
④as a result of ... 由于；作为……的结果
⑤due to 由于
⑥on account of 因为
⑦in consequence of ... /as a consequence of ... 因为
3．“make＋n. ＋介词”短语荟萃
①make use of 使用；利用
②make way for 为……让路；让位给
③make contact with 与……接触；与……联系
④make an appointment with sb. 与某人预约
⑤make a fool of 愚弄
⑥make fun of 取笑；嘲笑
⑦make sense of 弄懂……的意思


课文原句
句式梳理
仿写训练
1.Today, more people speak English as their first, second or a foreign language than ever before.
如今说英语的人比以往任何时候都多了，他们有的把英语作为第一语言，有的是作为第二语言或外语。
more ... than ... 比……更多。
______________(更多的人) are buying new cars than ever before.
2.This is because in the early days of radio, those who reported the news were expected to speak excellent English.
这是因为在以前的电台节目中，人们期望新闻播音员所说的英语是最好的英语。
This/That is because ... 这/那是因为……；This/That is why ... 这/那就是为什么……
Do you want to know why I recommend visiting the Changjiang River to you？
______________ (那是因为) it carries the brilliant Chinese culture.
答案：1.More people　2.That's because

直击重点 突破考点

①base　vt. 以……为根据　n. 基部；基地；基础(P10)

(1)单句语法填空
①He didn't realize that he had based all his statements ________ a false theory.
②________ (base) an important decision more on emotion than on reasoning, you will regret it sooner or later.
③On the ________ (base) of these theories he worked out his picture of the state of future.
答案：①on/upon　②Basing　③basis
(2)单句改错
The research group produced two reports basing on the survey, but neither contained any useful suggestions.
__________________________________________________________________
答案：basing→based

(1)base ... on/upon ... 以……为基础/根据；把……建立在……上
be based on/upon 以……为基础/根据
be based in 驻扎；以……为基地
(2)basic adj. 基本的；基础的
(3)basis n. 准则；方式；基础；要素
on the basis of 根据……；在……的基础上；基于……

②command　n. [C]命令；指令 [U]掌握；控制
vt. 命令；指挥；支配(P12)

(1)单句语法填空
①Last spring, the president took a highly visible trip to Asia and Europe where he had the world stage ________ his command.
②His father commanded him ________ (practise) Kunqu Opera (昆曲), and he followed his order willingly.
③After circling around the earth for three days, Shenzhou Spaceship received the command from the ground that it ________ (land) as scheduled the next day.
答案：①at　②to practise　③(should) land
(2)单句改错
She has such good command of English that she is elected as assistant to the English teacher.
__________________________________________________________________
答案：such后加a


(1)at sb.'s command 听某人支配
in command of 掌握；控制
take command of 控制
have a good command of 掌握；精通(尤指语言)
(2)command sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事
command that ... (should) do sth. 命令……

command所在的各种名词性从句的谓语动词用“(should) do”形式，能这样使用的动词可用以下口诀来记忆：
一坚持：insist
二命令：order, command
三建议：advise, suggest, recommend
四要求：require, request, demand, desire

③request　n．& vt. 请求；要求(P12)

(1)单句语法填空
①________ the request of the mayor, the writer made a speech on the square after his book signing.
②His request that they ________ (provide) with new textbooks was willingly accepted by the authority.
答案：①At　②(should) be provided
(2)单句写作
__________________ that all the club members (should) attend the Kite­Flying Competition.
按照要求，所有俱乐部成员都要参加放风筝大赛。
答案：It is requested

(1)at one's request (＝at the request of sb.) 应某人的请求
make a request for sth. 要求/请求某物
(2)request sb. (not) to do sth. 要求某人(不要)做某事
request that sb. (should) do ... 请求/要求某人做……
It is requested that sb. (should) do ... 请求/要求某人做……

④recognize　vt. 辨认出；承认；公认(P13)

(1)单句语法填空
①In the company, we know that he ________ (recognize) as a strict leader.
②He is an outstanding goalscorer who doesn't get the ________ (recognize) he deserves.
答案：①is recognized　②recognition
(2)单句写作
______________________ that the environment in the villages has been greatly improved in the past ten years.
人们普遍认为，在过去的十年里，乡村的环境在很大程度上已经得到改善。
答案：It is widely recognized

(1)recognize one's voice/handwriting 辨认出某人的声音/笔迹
recognize sb./sth. as/to be ... 承认某人/物是……
be recognized as/to be ... 被大家承认/被普遍接受是……
It is (generally) recognized that ... 人们公认……
(2)recognition n. 认出；承认；确认；认可
beyond/out of recognition 难以认出


①because of 因为；由于(P9)

(1)单句改错
He was awarded by the government because what he had done to spread the traditional Chinese culture.
__________________________________________________________________
答案：because后加of
(2)单句写作
The flowers began to come out one after another ________________________.
由于天气温暖，花园里的花竞相开放。
答案：because of warm weather/because the weather became warm

(1)because of的同义短语：
due to/owing to/thanks to/as a result of/on account of
(2)because of与because的区别：
because of是介词短语，表示原因，意为“因为”，后接名词、代词或宾语从句，在句中作状语；because是从属连词，引导原因状语从句，表示直接原因。

②come up 走近；上来；被提出；发芽；发生；(太阳等)升起(P10)

(1)写出下列句中come up的含义
①Much to my surprise, a number of people came up to ask me questions and bought my books.________
②The moon was still hanging on the western sky when the sun came up.________
③My classmates and I planted some seeds in the schoolyard, and we're glad to see they have already come up.________
④I'd love to come with you, but something unexpected has come up.________
答案：①走近　②升起；出来　③发芽　④发生
(2)单句写作
①My uncle ________________ an old friend when looking for his pet dog yesterday, which made him very happy.
昨天我叔叔找他的宠物狗时，偶遇一位老朋友，这使他非常高兴。
②All we have to do is think a little harder and ________________ a new solution.
我们要做的就是仔细想想，然后想出一个新的解决方法。
③________________ hobbies, he said that he was fond of practicing Chinese Martial Arts.
当谈到业余爱好时，他说他特别喜欢练习中国武术。
答案：①came across　②come up with　③When it came to

come up with 想出；提出
come about 发生
come across 被理解；(偶然)遇见/发现
come out 出来；(书等)出版/发行
come to 苏醒；总计；达到；谈到
when it comes to ... 当谈到……

(1)come up在指“问题、建议或方案等被提出”时，为不及物动词短语，其主语通常为物，无被动语态。
(2)come up with意为“提出……”，为及物动词短语，主语通常为人，宾语则为表示建议、计划或方案等的名词。

③make use of 利用；使用(P10)

(1)单句语法填空
People should make full use of their time ________ (do) something meaningful.
答案：to do
(2)单句改错
①The value of life lies not in the length of days, but in the use we make them.
__________________________________________________________________
②These maps may be of great useful to you on your trip.
__________________________________________________________________
答案：①make后加of　②useful→use
(3)单句写作
Scientists are developing new ways ______________ the solar energy more effectively.
科学家们正在开发能更加有效地充分利用太阳能的新方法。
答案：to make full/good use of

(1)make full/good use of 充分利用
make the best use of＝make the most/best of 充分利用
take (full) advantage of (充分)利用
(2)put ... to use 对……加以使用
come into use 开始被使用
be of great use 很有用
It is no use/useless doing sth. 做某事是没用的。

(1)该短语中use前可以用good，full，little等来修饰。
(2)该短语除了直接考查其主、被动形式之外，还常结合定语从句进行考查，此时use被提至先行词的位置，然后由含make of的定语从句修饰。如：
This is the best use that we make of our spare time.
这是对我们业余时间的最好利用。

①[教材原句]Native English speakers can understand each other even if they don't speak the same kind of English. (P10)
以英语作为母语的人，即使他们所讲的语言不尽相同，也可以相互理解。

(1)单句语法填空
①Even though he ________ (know) the whole thing, he won't let out the secret.
②Even if ________ (invite), I won't go to the concert because I have to look after my granny in hospital.
答案：①knows　②invited
(2)单句写作
①________________ the conference hall is near his apartment, he has to hurry a little if he wants to be punctual.
即使会议厅离他公寓很近，如果想准时他也必须快点。
②The book was expensive. ______________， my father bought it for me. That's why I made up my mind to work hard.
当时那本书很贵。尽管如此，父亲还是给我买了。那就是我为什么下决心努力学习的原因。
答案：①Even if/though　②Even so

(1)even if/though “即使，尽管”，引导让步状语从句。当主从句的主语相同或从句主语为it，且从句谓语动词含有be动词的某种形式时，也可采用省略句结构，即省略从句的主语和be动词的相应形式。
(2)even so即使如此；尽管这样

②[教材原句]The teacher told us to look at that example. (P12)
老师要我们看那个例句。

(1)句型转换
①The doctor said to him, “Don't drink too much.”
→The doctor ______________________.
②The teacher said, “Will you please not smoke here？”
→The teacher ______________________.
答案：①told him not to drink too much　②requested us not to smoke there
(2)单句语法填空
①Our teachers always tell us ________ (believe) in what we do and who we are if we want to succeed.
②The old man asked us not ________ (speak) loudly in the room.
答案：①to believe　②to speak

直接引语为祈使句，变为间接引语时不用连词，而是将直接引语改为动词不定式，用作句子的宾语补足语。
谓语动词常换成ask, advise, tell, warn, order, request等，如ask sb. to do sth. (由肯定祈使句转变来)，ask sb. not to do sth. (由否定祈使句转变来)。句子中的时间状语、地点状语、人称及时态等都应作相应变化。
(1)当祈使句表示要求或命令时，变间接引语常采用tell/order/command sb. to do sth.的形式。
(2)当祈使句表示请求时，变间接引语常采用request/beg/ask sb. to do sth.的形式。祈使句中的please在间接引语中必须省去。

③[教材原句]Believe it or not, there is no such thing as standard English. (P13)
信不信由你，(世界上)没有什么标准英语。

(1)单句语法填空
①________ timely advice ________ my teacher had offered finally proved to be priceless to me.
②He has made ________ great progress ________ the teacher is pleased with him.
答案：①Such; as　②such; that
(2)单句写作
Everything comes with a price; there is ____________________ a free lunch in the world.
任何事情都是要付出代价的，在这个世界上并没有什么免费的午餐。
答案：no such thing as

(1)“There is no such ... as ... ”是固定句式，表示“没有像……的……”，其中的 “no such＋可数名词单数”相当于 “not such a(n)＋可数名词单数”。such与all, no, some, any, few, little, many, much, several, one等词连用时，应置于这些词的后面，其后面的名词前无冠词。如：no such man, several such rooms。
(2)①such与a/an连用时要放在a/an的前面。
②such＋that ... “如此……以至于……”。
③such ... as ... “像……这样的……”，as在句中引导定语从句。

课文回练 升华运用
　　At the end of the 16th century, English was __1__ (most) spoken by people from England. They were native speakers. Today, the largest number of people __2__ (learn) English may be in China. A lot of Chinese people speak English __3__ their foreign language.
The English language __4__ (change) quite a lot over the last centuries. Old English sounded more like German for it __5__ (base) on German, but modern English sounds __6__ (much) like French than German because those who ruled England __7__(speak) French. Two people had great effects __8__ the English changes. __9__ was Samuel Johnson, who wrote his dictionary; the other was Noah Webster, who wrote The American Dictionary of the English Language, __10__ gave American English its own identity.
1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________　5.________　6.________　7.________　8.________　9.________　10.________
答案：1.mostly　2.learning　3.as　4.has changed　5.was based　6.more　7.spoke　8.on　9.One　10.which

基础达标 自主训练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．This tree looks tall and strong but ________ (actual) its trunk is hollow.
答案：actually　actually “事实上，实际上”。
2．Schools have rights to set down their own rules ________ (base) on the general conditions of the students.
答案：based　be based on “以……为基础”，此处为过去分词短语作定语，因此填based。
3．The girl used to be shy, but is ________ (gradual) getting active in group work and is more willing to express herself.
答案：gradually　此处修饰动词短语is getting active in，故用副词gradually “逐渐地”，在句中作状语。
4．On seeing her new classmate, she came ________ and said with a smile, “Glad to meet you.”
答案：up　come up在本句中表示“走近”。
5．Maria was ________ confident than proud when she was dancing to the music on stage.
答案：more　此处more confident than proud “与其说是骄傲不如说是自信”。
6．Finally, I should ________(frequent) take part in sports and outdoor activities to build up my body and enrich my school life.
答案：frequently　此处修饰动词短语take part in，要用副词形式。
7．The request is that manuscripts (手稿) ________ (write) on one side only.
答案：(should) be written　request在这里是名词，作主语时，后面的表语从句中的谓语动词应使用“should＋动词原形”结构，并且should可省略，此处表示被动意义，故填(should) be written。
8．Sometimes it looks like people with great self­control aren't working hard—but that's ________ they've made it automatic.
答案：because　that's because ... “那是因为……”。
9．There is no such thing ________ darkness; only a failure to see.
答案：as　句意：没有黑暗这种东西，只有看不见而已。There is no such ... as ... “没有像……的……”。
10．I decided to go to the meeting as an ________ (express) of support.
答案：expression　由前面的冠词an可知用名词。
Ⅱ.单句写作
1．The question is bound to ________ (提出) at the meeting.
答案：come up
2．Upon arrival, I was surprised to see that our hometown was so beautiful that it was totally __________________(难以认出)．
答案：beyond recognition
3．______________________________________________ to equip yourself with as much knowledge as you can.
你应该充分利用你的时间来用尽可能多的知识武装你自己。
答案：You should make full use of your time
4．__________________________________________________________________
由于我付出的努力，寒假结束时，我被承认是一名杰出的志愿者。(because of)
答案：When my winter vacation came to an end, I was recognized as an outstanding volunteer，because of the efforts I had put in.
5．__________________________________________________________________
我精通英语，这使得我与外国朋友能很好沟通。
答案：I have a good command of English, which enables me to communicate well with foreign friends.
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2018·全国卷Ⅲ) I'm not sure __1__ is more frightened, me or the female gorilla (大猩猩) that suddenly appears out of nowhere. I'm walking on a path in the forest in the Central African Republic. Unexpectedly, I'm face­to­face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at __2__ top of her lungs. That makes her baby scream, and then a 400­pound male appears. He screams the __3__ (loud) of all. The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me. I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid __4__ (look) directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel __5__ (challenge)．
My name is Mireya Mayor. I'm a __6__ (science) who studies animals such as apes and monkeys. I was searching __7__ these three western lowland gorillas I'd been observing. No one had seen them for hours, and my colleagues and I were worried.
When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find __8__ (they) alive. True to a gorilla's unaggressive nature, the huge animal __9__ (mean) me no real harm. He was just saying: “I'm king of this forest, and here is your reminder！” Once his message was delivered, he allowed me __10__ (stay) and watch.
1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________
5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________
9．________　10.________
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了专门研究类人猿与猴子的作者在中非共和国的森林里偶遇他一直在寻找的大猩猩，并彼此感到惊恐的经历。
1．who　考查宾语从句的连接词。宾语从句中缺少句子的主语，根据下文的“me or the female gorilla (大猩猩)”可知，作者不确定自己和大猩猩谁更害怕，故用who。
2．the　考查冠词。设空处构成固定短语at the top of one's lungs，此处表示最大声地喊叫。
3．loudest　考查副词的最高级。根据后面的of all可知，他声音最响亮，所以用最高级loudest。
4．looking　考查非谓语动词。动词avoid后要接名词或动名词。此处表示避免直接看他的眼睛，应用looking。
5．challenged　考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知，此处表示不直视他的眼睛，他就不会感到被挑战。feel为系动词后接形容词；此处表示“被挑战的”，用由过去分词转化来的形容词challenged。
6．scientist　考查词性转换。根据语境可知，作者是一名科学家，故填scientist “科学家”。
7．for　考查动词短语。search for是固定短语，表示“寻找”，作者在寻找他一直在观察的三只西部低地大猩猩。
8．them　考查代词。此处作find的宾语，所以用they的宾格them。
9．meant　考查动词的时态。分析本句的句子成分可知，本句缺少谓语，再根据本文记叙过去发生的事可知，要用一般过去时，所以用meant。
10．to stay　考查非谓语动词。固定短语allow sb. to do sth. “允许某人做某事”，应该用to stay作宾语补足语。
Ⅳ.短文改错
Three years ago I became a student in an ordinary school. Disappointing as I felt at the shabby campus and the poorly­equipped classroom, I found the teachers patiently and considerate. Beside, I enjoyed the friendly atmosphere in class. I decided to make the best of it. I worked hardly and got along well my teachers and classmates. Whenever I had difficulties, they are always available. Soon, I became one of the top student in our class, that greatly increased my confidence and I got more motivated. My experience tells me that it is not what you are given but how you make a use of it what determines who you are.
答案：
Three years ago I became a student in an ordinary school. as I felt at the shabby campus and the poorly­equipped classroom, I found the teachers and considerate. ， I enjoyed the friendly atmosphere in class. I decided to make the best of it. I worked and got along well my teachers and classmates. Whenever I had difficulties, they always available. Soon, I became one of the top in our class, greatly increased my confidence and I got more motivated. My experience tells me that it is not what you are given but how you make use of it determines who you are.
难项分析：
第三处：Beside→Besides　考查副词。根据语境可知，此处表示“此外，而且”。beside为介词，表示“在……旁边”。故把Beside改为Besides。
第八处：that→which　考查定语从句的引导词。根据句子结构来判断，逗号后的句子是一个非限制性定语从句，补充说明前面整个主句的内容，故把that改为which。
第十处：what→that　考查强调句型。根据句子结构来判断，这是一个强调句型“It is＋被强调部分＋that ...”，句中强调的是主语not what ... use of it(含有not ... but ... 结构)，故把what改为that。

课时作业
Ⅰ.阅读理解

(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated by hunter­gatherers, small, tightly knit (联系) groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other. Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.
Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialisation, the development of the nation­state and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.
At present, the world has about 6,800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around 200 languages; the Americas about 1,000; Africa 2,400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number (中位数) of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the world's languages are spoken by fewer people than that.
Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 languages are close to extinction (消亡), with only a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon (eight remaining speakers), Chiapaneco in Mexico (150). Lipan Apache in the United States (two or three) or Wadjigu in Australia (one, with a question­mark): none of these seems to have much chance of survival.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了随着社会的发展人类语言越来越少的现象及其原因。
1．What can we infer about languages in hunter­gatherer times?
A．They developed very fast.
B．They were large in number.
C．They had similar patterns.
D．They were closely connected.
答案：B　推理判断题。根据第一段第二、三句可知，当人类社会处在原始社会，人们以狩猎为生时，小而联系紧密的群落形成了他们彼此之间独立的语言模式。当世界上的人口数量在五百万到一千万时，语言种类达到了12,000种。由此推知，当时的语言种类很多。故选B。
2．Which of the following best explains “dominant” underlined in Paragraph 2?
A．Complex. B．Advanced.
C．Powerful. D．Modern.
答案：C　词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over”可知，英语、西班牙语和汉语越来越占据统治地位。由此推知，dominant意为“占优势的；强大的”。故选C。
3．How many languages are spoken by less than 6,000 people at present?
A．About 6,800. B．About 3,400.
C．About 2,400. D．About 1,200.
答案：B　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“At present, the world has about 6,800 languages.”和“The median number (中位数) of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the world's languages are spoken by fewer people than that.”可知，目前世界上大约有6,800种语言，但是讲的人数少于6,000人的占一半，即3,400。故选B。
4．What is the main idea of the text?
A．New languages will be created.
B．People's lifestyles are reflected in languages.
C．Human development results in fewer languages.
D．Geography determines language evolution.
答案：C　主旨大意题。根据第一段第一句和第二段第二句可知，本文所讲的主要内容为：随着时代的发展，语言在逐渐消失和减少。故选C。

(2020·山东师大附中高三第一次模拟考试)You may be surprised to learn that English gets 30 to 45 percent of its words from French. The reason goes back to the year 1066, when Norman forces invaded (入侵) what is now Britain. The Normans were from northern France and spoke French. During the Norman occupation, French became the language of England's rulers and wealthy class. This lasted for more than 300 years. Other people in England continued to speak English during this period.
Over time, the two languages combined and shared words. Some researchers believe that about 10,000 French words eventually entered the English language. However, although English took many French words, their meanings have not always stayed the same. Sometimes the differences in meanings can be very important, and lead to funny or strange situations if the words are used in the wrong way.
Take, for example, the French word college. In English, college can often be used in place of the word university, or sometimes as a school within a university. However, in French, college actually means “middle school”， or the level of schooling for students in grades five or six through eight.
There are many other similar words in the two languages with completely different meanings. In English, the word chat is a verb which means “to talk casually”； but in French, the word chat is the word for an animal: a cat.
If an English speaker says someone is jolly, that means they are cheerful or friendly. But in French, jolie means someone is good­looking or pleasant to look at. In any case, both are nice things to say to someone.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了英语中存在大量法语词汇的现象，并举例说明英语中的法语单词与其在法语中的不同含义。
5．What language did the upper class speak in Britain of Norman times?
A．English.
B．French.
C．Both English and French.
D．Some unknown language.
答案：B　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“During the Norman occupation, French became the language of England's rulers and wealthy class.”可知，诺曼时代英国的上层阶级说法语。故选B。
6．What does college mean in French?
A．The teenager time.
B．University in French.
C．Middle school in English.
D．University in common sense.
答案：C　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“However, in French, college actually means ‘middle school’”可知，“college”在法语里的意思是“中学”。故选C。
7．What is the text mainly about?
A．Comparison between two languages.
B．Difficulty in grasping English.
C．French words in English.
D．Development of English.
答案：C　主旨大意题。根据第一段第一句“You may be surprised to learn that English gets 30 to 45 percent of its words from French.”和第二段第一句“Over time, the two languages combined and shared words. Some researchers believe that about 10,000 French words eventually entered the English language.”可知，本文讲述的是“英语中的法语单词”。故选C。
Ⅱ.七选五
(2020·广西柳州市高三上学期摸底考试)There are so many words in English that learning all of them can seem difficult. To make things even more challenging, certain sounds are pronounced differently. __1__
Learn the vowel (元音) sounds.
In English, there are five main vowel letters: a, e, i, o, u. __2__ Each vowel letter has both a short sound (such as the a in “bat”) or a long sound (such as the a in “play”). Learn and practice these different vowel sounds to help teach you how to pronounce certain words and to improve your English pronunciation.
__3__
One of the most effective ways to learn a language is to listen to someone speaking it. Once you are familiar with how a language sounds, you will be able to start picking up on more sounds, words and phrases.
Record yourself.
__4__ To solve this problem and really see how you sound, try recording yourself. Use a smart phone or tape recorder to play back how you sound when you are speaking English.
Get a spoken English tutor.
To truly understand if you are saying and pronouncing things the right way, find someone who can practice with you and act as a spoken English tutor. __5__
A．Break down words.
B．Listen to an English speaker.
C．Sometimes the letter “y” can make a vowel sound, too.
D．How do you know if you are saying things correctly?
E．He or she will be able to correct you and teach you how to pronounce better.
F．Thankfully, there are tips that you can learn to make things a little easier.
G．Compare your English comprehension to someone else to see if you are doing it correctly.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。介绍了几个可以提高英语发音准确性的方法。
1．F　根据设空处前一句“To make things even more challenging, certain sounds are pronounced differently.”(更具挑战性的是，某些语音的发音会有所不同。)以及下面给出的几条措施，可知F项“值得庆幸的是，有一些小窍门可以让事情变得简单一些。”承上启下，故选F。
2．C　根据设空前一句“In English, there are five main vowel letters: a, e, i, o, u．”(在英语中，有五个主要的元音字母：a，e，i，o，u)可知本段主要介绍元音字母发音，所以C项Sometimes the letter “y” can make a vowel sound, too.“有时字母‘Y’也能发出元音。”承接上文，故选C。
3．B　根据本段第一句可知，学习一门语言最有效的方法之一就是听别人说，并结合选项判断只有B项Listen to an English speaker.“听讲英语的人说话。”符合标题形式及文意，故选B。
4．D　根据设空后一句“To solve this problem and really see how you sound, try recording yourself.”(要解决这个问题并真正了解你的声音，可以尝试给自己录音。)可知D项How do you know if you are saying things correctly？“你怎么知道你说得对不对？”符合一问一答形式，故选D。
5．E　根据设空处前文可知，为了真正地了解你说的是否正确，找一个能和你一起练习的人做英语口语导师，下文就应讲述这样做的原因，故E项“他或她将能够纠正你并教你如何更好地发音。”承接上文，故选E。
Ⅲ.语法填空
At present, more and more people around the world are learning Chinese. Last month, I __1__ (receive) an email from my cousin Jack in Canada. He said he was enthusiastic __2__ Chinese, and asked me to find him some books，__3__ (intend) for Chinese beginners. I was very pleased to do such a favor. So I went from one bookstore to another, __4__ (hope) to find something __5__ (suit) for him. Finally, I selected a set of Chinese __6__ (textbook) among a variety of similar ones. Then I went to a post office __7__ (have) them sent By air without delay. Several days later, I got Jack's email saying that he __8__ (real) appreciated all the books __9__ were given to him. I'm very glad to know the fact that Jack is starting to learn Chinese just like many other foreigners abroad, although I know it may be __10__ enjoyable challenge for him.
1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________　5.________　6.________　7.________　8.________　9.________　10.________
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章通过介绍“我”的表弟想学中文，让“我”买相关书籍说明世界各地越来越多的人在学习汉语。
1．received　考查动词的时态。根据本句时间状语“Last month”可知，用一般过去时。
2．about/over　考查介词。be enthusiastic about/over意为“对……有热情”。
3．intended　考查非谓语动词。be intended for sb./sth.表示“为某人/某物而提供(设计)的”，此处用过去分词形式作后置定语。
4．hoping　考查非谓语动词。I与hope之间是主动关系，所以用动词­ing形式。
5．suitable　考查词性转换。修饰不定代词something，用形容词形式。
6．textbooks　考查名词。上面提到“a set of”，所以是“一套中文教材”，需用名词的复数形式。
7．to have　考查非谓语动词。此处为动词不定式短语作目的状语。
8．really　考查副词。修饰动词短语“appreciated all the books”，应该用副词形式。
9．that　考查定语从句的引导词。设空处引导定语从句，从句中缺少主语，同时先行词有不定代词all来修饰，故用that而不用which。
10．an　考查冠词。置于enjoyable前面修饰名词challenge，所以用不定冠词an。
Ⅳ.书面表达
(2020·河南省高三阶段性考试(三))假定你是李华，你校将举办英语幽默故事演讲比赛，你想邀请英国交换生Russell参加。请你给他写一封邮件，内容包括：
1.举办时间、地点；
2.活动目的；
3.演讲要求。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Russell，




Yours，
Li Hua
[精彩范文]
Dear_Russell，
I'm glad to inform you that our school will hold an English humorous story speech contest in the center hall this Sunday in order to develop our sense of humor and practice our spoken English. I'd like to invite you to take part in it.
Every participant is requested to prepare a humorous story in English by themselves. So choose your story cautiously. The funnier your story is, the better it is. You are expected to deliver your speech within five minutes. You should tell your story at a proper pace with a clear voice.
Looking forward to your participation. I'm sure you will be one of the winners.
Yours，
Li_Hua