2021新课标名师导学高考英语译林版第一轮总复习讲义：语法四、形容词和副词

展开

四、形容词和副词

对应学生用书p164

在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。

1．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been ____________(poor) studied.

2．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Scientists have responded by noting that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are ____________(high) than they actually are.

3．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)We are so proud of her. It’s ____________(wonder)．

4．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)They also shared with us many ____________(tradition) stories about Hawaii that were ____________(huge) popular with tourists.

5．(2019·浙江卷)When the children are walking or cycling to school on dark mornings, car drivers can ____________(easy) see them.

6．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years ____________(long) than nonrunners.

7．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Running is cheap, easy and it’s always ____________(energy)．

8．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)A taste for meat is ____________(actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle.

9．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total ____________(globe)fertilizer consumption.

[答案与解析]

1．poorly。考查副词用法。根据句意和结构分析可知，此处用副词poorly修饰谓语动词has been studied，意为“研究很少”。故填poorly。

2．higher。考查形容词比较级。根据其后than they actually are可知，此处为形容词的比较级，故填higher。

3．wonderful。考查形容词做表语。根据句子结构可知，在系动词is之后用形容词形式做表语，故填wonderful。

4．traditional；hugely。第一空：考查形容词。空格修饰名词stories，应用形容词形式，tradition的形容词为traditional，故填traditional。第二空：考查副词。空格处修饰形容词popular，应用副词形式，huge的副词为hugely，故填hugely。

5．easily。考查副词。分析句式可知，设空处所给词是修饰动词see，修饰动词要用副词，因此，用easy的副词形式。故填easily。

6．longer。句中有than，故用long的比较级longer。

7．energetic。and连接两个并列分句，两个分句都表示跑步的特征，and前面的cheap和easy均为形容词，故此处应用形容词energetic做表语，意为“需要能量的，剧烈的”。

8．actually。副词actually修饰谓语动词is。

9．global。形容词做定语。

对应学生用书p165

(一)形容词和副词的作用与位置

作用	举例
形容词短语做定语，定语后置；单个形容词做定语，定语前置	a child five years old，a language difficult to master，a leaning tower about 180 feet high，a fiveyearold child
表语形容词(afraid，alike，alone，asleep，awake，alive等)做定语，定语后置	a man alive，the boy awake
修饰由不定代词one，no，any，some和every与thing构成的复合不定代词anything，something，everything，nothing等时，定语一律后置	I have something important to tell you.
Will you tell us anything new？
enough，nearby修饰名词前置或后置均可；
enough修饰形容词、副词时，必须后置	enough books＝books enough，old enough，rapidly enough
副词做定语，定语后置	The person there / here is waiting for you.
else “其他的，别的”常用作疑问代词和不定代词的后置定语；other用于名词前	what else...，who else...，where else...，nothing else
频度副词如：often，always，usually，never，hardly，seldom等在be动词、助动词、情态动词后，行为动词前	You are often late.
She is always worried.
I can hardly speak Japanese.
表原意(无ly)的副词：deep，wide，low，high
引申意(有ly)的副词：deeply(深入地)，widely(广泛地)，highly(高度地)，lowly(地位卑微地)	dig the hole deep，fly high / low
be moved deeply，think highly of，be used widely
有无ly意义大不相同的副词：dead完全，绝对，deadly非常；pretty相当，prettily漂亮地；close近，closely密切地；late晚、迟，lately最近	be dead asleep & be deadly tired
be pretty certain & be prettily dressed
Don't sit close.& Watch closely！
arrive / come late & see sb. lately

注意：有些表身体健康状况的形容词如well，faint，ill只做表语。

例如：He is a sick person.(定语)(√)

He is an ill person.(定语)(×)

The person is sick / ill.(表语) (√)

Take this medicine and it has no ill effect on your health.(做定语意为“bad”)

(二)形容词和副词的比较等级

比较级指两者相比较，最高级必须三者或三者以上相比较。比较级和最高级的常用句型，也是高考的焦点之一。现总结如下。

名称	句型	例句
相等	as＋原级＋as
(as＋原级＋名词＋as)	It's not as hard as I thought.
He doesn’t have as much money as his friend.
不及	not as/so＋原级＋as
(not as/so＋原级＋n.＋as)
less＋原级＋than	She is not as/so beautiful as her sister.
比……更	比较级＋than	Health is more important than wealth.
超越	the＋比较级＋of the two
“两者中较……的一个”	He is the taller of the two.
用于否定	no＋比较级＋than
“和……一样不”	He did no better than I.
用于否定	“再……不过”	His work couldn't be worse.
程度递增	er and er / more and more＋多音节词原级： “越来越……”	higher and higher；more and more important
两种情况同时变化	the ＋比较级，the＋比较级
(“越……，就越……”)	The harder he works，the happier he feels.
三者或三者
以上比较	the ＋最高级＋of / in＋比较范围
(“……之中最……”)	Of all things in the world，people are the most precious.

(三)比较级和最高级的修饰词语

1．表示一方超过另一方的程度或数量时，可在比较级前加表示程度的状语，常见的有：many，a few (用于“more ＋可数名词”前)，50%，one third，a lot，much，a bit，even，a little，still，a great deal，far，by far，rather，two years，ten percent，three times，etc.等修饰。