2021新课标名师导学高考英语译林版第一轮总复习讲义:语法三、代词
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三、代词
对应学生用书p162
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.(2018·浙江卷)One cup of coffee in the late afternoon or evening will cause ________(they) to stay awake almost most night.
2.(2018·浙江卷)Many westerners who come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap ________ can be to eat out.
3.(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give ________ a try.
4.(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find ________(they) alive.
5.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)This picture often brings back to me many happy memories of ________(I) high school days.
[答案与解析]
1.them。考查代词。分析句子结构可知,空处做宾语,故用they的宾格形式。
2.it。考查代词。此处it做形式主语,真正的主语是to eat out。
3.it/running。give it a try为固定搭配,意为“试一试”。it代指running。
4.them。这里用them代指上文的the gorillas。
5.my。根据前半句brings back to me可知,此处指我的高中时光,形容词性物主代词修饰后面的名词短语high school days。
对应学生用书p162
代词分为九类:人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、相互代词、指示代词、疑问代词、连接代词、不定代词、关系代词。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的作用。
(一)专项知识清单
1.人称代词
数主宾格人称 |
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单 数 | 复 数 |
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主格 | 宾格 | 主格 | 宾格 |
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第一人称 | I | me | we | us |
第二人称 | you | you | you | you |
第三人称 |
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he | him |
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she | her |
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it | it | they | them |
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2.物主代词
数人称类别 |
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单 数 | 复 数 |
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第一 |
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人称 | 第二 |
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人称 | 第三人称 | 第一 |
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人称 | 第二 |
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人称 | 第三 |
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人称 |
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形容词性物主代词 | my | your | his | her | its | our | your | their |
名词性物主代词 | mine | yours | his | hers | its | ours | yours | theirs |
汉语 | 我的 | 你的 | 他的 | 她的 | 它的 | 我们的 | 你们的 | 她(他、它)们的 |
3.反身代词
人 称 |
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数 | 第一人称 | 第二人称 | 第三人称 |
单 数 | myself | yourself | himself/herself/itself |
复 数 | ourselves | yourselves | themselves |
4.疑问代词
疑问代词 | 主要用法 | 例句 |
who | 主语、表语、宾语(做宾语时在口语中用,不能放在介词后) | Who wants to go with me? |
Who are you talking to? |
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whom | who的宾格形式,做宾语 | Whom are you talking to?/To whom are you talking? |
whose | who的所有格形式,可以做主语、表语、宾语、定语 | They are all good at maths, but whose is the best? |
what/who |
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what询问某人的职业 | —What's your father? |
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—He is a worker. |
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who询问某人的身份、姓名 | —Who is the boy under the tree? |
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—He is Li Ming. |
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what/which |
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what指不定数目中的某一个,某些;“什么”,没有一定范围的限定 | What would you like? |
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which“哪一个”,在一定范围内特指的人或物 | Which do you like,spring or summer? |
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5.指示代词
单数 | 复数 | 用 法 |
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this | these | 指下文将要提及的事 | 近指This is my book. |
that | those | 指前面刚刚提过的事 | 远指That is her bike. |
(二)易混知识清单
1.both;all;either;any;neither;none
| 都 | 任何 | 都不 |
两者 | both | either | neither |
三者(以上) | all | any | none |
2.little;a little;few;a few
| 可数 | 不可数 |
肯定 | a few(有一些) | a little(有一点) |
否定 | few(几乎没有) | little(几乎没有) |
3.other;the other;others;the others;another
不定代词 | 意义 | 用法说明 |
other | 另外的 | 只做定语,常与复数名词或不可数名词连用;但如果前面有the,this,that,some,any,each,every,no,one,my,your,his等时,则可与单数名词连用 |
the other | 两者中另一个 | 常与one连用,构成“one...,the other”;做定语修饰复数名词时,表示“其余全部的” |
others | 泛指别的人或物 | 是other的复数形式,泛指别的人或物(但不是全部),不能做定语,构成some...others... |
the others | 特指其余的人或物 | 是the other的复数形式,特指其余的人或物 |
another | 任何一个,另一个 | 指三者或三者以上中的任何一个,用作形容词或代词 |
(三)难点清单
代词类别 | 难点知识 | 典型例句 |
人称代词 | 1.作主语的人称代词如果孤立地使用于无谓语动词的句子中,或在这种句子中与动词不定式连用时,常用宾格。 |
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2.句子中代词做宾语或宾语补足语时,与所替代的名词在人称、数、格以及意义上一般要保持前后一致。 | 1.—Does any of you know where Tom lives? |
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—Me. |
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2.They took me to be her.他们误以为我是她。(me是宾格,故用her替代) |
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物主代词 | 1.one's own...=...of one's own句式的转换。 |
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2.某些固定结构中常用定冠词代替物主代词。 | 1.my own books=books of my own |
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2.take sb. by the arm,be wounded in the leg |
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反身代词 | 1.反身代词和某些动词连用,构成固定短语。 |
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2.还可用于某些成语中。 | 1.enjoy oneself,feel oneself,make oneself at home,make oneself understood |
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2.for oneself为自己或独立地,of oneself自然地、自动地,by oneself独自地,in oneself本身性质,beside oneself喜怒哀乐至极 |
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相互代词 | 1.相互代词无人称、数和格的区别,在句中做宾语。其所有格分别为each other's,one another's,做定语。 |
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2.一般来说,each other指两者之间,one another指三者或三者以上之间,但现在区分已不明显。 | 1.We should help each other. |
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2.They corrected one another's mistakes in their homework. |
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指示代词 | 1.指示代词this和that的区别。 |
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2.such和same的用法。 |
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such指“这样的”人或事,在句中做主语和定语。 |
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same指“同样的”人或事,在句中做主语、表语、宾语和定语,same的前面要用定冠词the。 | 1.A:this (these)一般指时间或空间上较近的人或物;that(those)常指时间或空间上较远的人或物。 |
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B:this常指后面要讲到的事物,有启下的作用;that则指前面讲到过的事物,有承上的作用。 |
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C:this在电话用语中作自我介绍,that询问对方;this和that可以当副词用,表程度,意思是“这么”,“那么”;“这样”,“那样”。 |
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2.Such was the story.The same can be said of the other article. |
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疑问代词 | 1.who/what |
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(1)询问姓名或关系;询问职业或地位。 |
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(2)what/who 做主语时,谓语动词的数取决于说话人的观点,可单数也可复数。 |
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2.which与who、what |
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which表示在一定范围内,而who、what则无此限制。 | 1.—Who is he? |
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—He is my brother. |
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2.I found two books on the desk.Which is yours? |
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