2020江苏高考英语二轮讲义：专题二完形填空第二讲　技法篇


第二讲　技法篇[学生用书P57]
完形填空主要考查考生在理解整篇文章的基础上具体运用语法知识和词语的能力，那么它的重点一定是放在对整篇文章的逻辑和结构的理解上，更多地考查考生把握文章的脉络以及分析上下文逻辑的能力，即根据上下文的已知信息来确定答案。但有些考生在做题时，往往会犯以下三种错误：
1．中式思维　忽略英语文章的行文逻辑以及英语国家的语言习惯和文化常识。
2．主观臆断　不从语境中寻找答案，而是凭自己的主观臆断去选择答案。
3．匆忙作答　边看文章边选答案，看似很节省时间，但会造成“一错再错，连续犯错”的恶果。
考生做完形填空题，最根本的方法是在全面理解文章大意的基础上，综合运用语言知识、阅读能力和逻辑思维进行解题。
技法一　通读全文明确大意，细研首句把握全篇
完形填空的命题原则是“选项语境化，试题语篇化”，由此可知，答案就隐含在上下文语境之中。所以，要正确解答完形填空的题目，首先要通读文章，准确把握文章大意。

　利用首句明大意
完形填空一般不在首句设题，这是为了给考生提供一个清晰而完整的背景信息。记叙文的首句往往介绍事件发生的时间、地点、人物和起因等细节信息，说明文和议论文一般通过文章首句点明全文的主题。仔细分析首句，往往能获取许多解题信息，因此不可忽视文章的首句。
[典例]　(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)During my second year at the city college, I was told that the education department was offering a “free” course, called Thinking Chess, for three credits...I managed to get an A in that __53__ and learned life lessons that have served me well beyond the 54.classroom．　
53．A.game　　　　　 B．presentation
C．course D．experiment
[解析]　C　本篇完形填空的第一句话没有设题，是一个完整的句子。据此可知，作者是一个大学二年级的学生，听说教育系有一个“免费的”课程，可以得三个学分。文章的首句将作者身份、故事的背景、地点和主要内容完全交代出来。根据这些信息可知，下文应该是讲述作者积极参加这个课程，并受益良多的故事。故选course“课程”。

　利用主题段、主题句明大意
要理解文章的主旨大意，除了可以通过研究首句信息之外，还可以利用文章的主题段、主题句或者文体特征来把握文章大意。一般来说，主题段和主题句都出现在文章或者段落的开头。
[典例]　(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)When most of us get a text message on our cell phone from an unknown person, we usually say “sorry，__41__ number！” and move on...
On March 19, Dennis got a group text __44__ him that a couple he didn’t know were at the hospital...
“Congratulations! But I think someone was mistaken，” Dennis __46__．..but I will get there to take pictures with the baby，” replied Dennis...
Much to the family’s surprise, Dennis stuck to his __52__！ He turned up at the hospital 53.bearing gifts for the new mother Lindsey and her baby boy. Lindsey’s husband was totally 54.astonished by the unexpected visit.
41．A.unlucky B．secret
C．new D．wrong
44．A.convincing B．reminding
C．informing D．warning
46．A.responded B．interrupted
C．predicted D．repeated
52．A.dream B．promise
C．agenda D．principle
[解析]　41.D　44.C　46.A　52.B
本篇完形填空首句提供的信息相对较少，不足以把握文章大意，但文章从第二段开始叙事，因此抓住每段的前一两句话就可以把握住文章大意。根据以上节选的内容，我们可以了解到，有一家人在孩子即将出生之际，向亲人群发了一个告知消息，误发给了陌生人Dennis。Dennis虽然不认识他们，但还是去医院看望了他们，并和孩子留影，照片被孩子的奶奶上传到网上，得到了非常多的点赞和转发。根据文章大意可知，第41题应选择wrong“错误的”；第44题应选择informing“告知”；第46题应选择responded“回复”；第52题应选择promise“诺言”。
技法二　思前想后通全文，上下求索准呼应
完形填空需要考生能够仔细阅读文章，留意文章的细节和措辞，注意瞻前顾后，通读上下文，切忌自以为是。许多试题的答案在上下文中以原词复现、同义复现、反义复现和代词复现等重复出现来表达，使整篇文章上下连贯，有机地衔接在一起。因此，考生可根据文章的具体情况，理解文章的结构和语境，利用文章中的复现来选择正确的答案。
　原词复现

[典例]　(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)They reflect a concentrated beam(束) of light onto the town’s central __31__， creating an area of sunlight roughly 600 square meters. When the light 32.appeared,_Rjukan residents gathered together.
...Ro says, The town square was totally 35.full．..
31．A.library　　　　　　　 B．hall
C．square D．street
[解析]　C　根据下一段中的“The town square”可知答案为square。

　同义复现
[典例]　(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)While high school does not generally encourage students to explore new aspects of life，college sets the stage for that exploration. I myself went through this __41__ process and found something that has changed my 42.experience at college for the better：I discovered ASL—American Sign Language(美式手语)．
41．A.searching B．planning
C．natural D．formal
[解析]　A　根据上文中“While high school does not generally encourage students to explore new aspects of life”的关键词“explore”及下文的内容可知，此处指作者在大学通过学习美式手语经历了探索(searching)的过程。planning“计划制订”；natural“自然的”；formal“正式的”，均不符合语境。

　反义复现

[典例]　(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)I had advised the kids that while verbs(动词) may seem dull, most of the __50__ things they do throughout their lives will be verbs.
50．A.simple B．unique
C．fun D．clever
[解析]　C　由while可知，空处与dull形成对比，故选C项。simple“简单的”；unique“独特的”；clever“聪明的”，均不符合语境。

　代词复现
[典例]　(全国卷Ⅰ)Once fire and emergency people arrived, Larry and the other man 56.backed_off and let them go to work. Then, Larry asked the __57__ if he was needed or 58.free to go. They let him and the other man go.
57．A.woman B．police
C．man D．driver
[解析]　B　发生了交通事故，警察应该到场，且下文“They let him and the other man go.”中的“They”指代本空，故选B。
技法三　句际关系定衔接，逻辑理解摸脉络
完形填空所选短文通常都是前后连贯、结构严密的文章，脉络自然有序，充分体现了“突出语篇、强调运用”的高考命题指导思想。对语篇逻辑的理解能力是完形填空主要的考查内容之一，这就要求考生不仅要注意句子中的词语搭配，更要从整体上把握文章的结构和脉络。因此，借助语篇标志、理解逻辑关系，有助于快速准确地找出正确答案。

　转折关系
[典例1]　(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)The 3，500 residents cannot all 36.enjoy the sunshine at the same time. __37__， the new light feels like more than enough for the town’s 38.sun­starved residents.
37．A.Instead　　　　　　　 B．However
C．Gradually D．Similarly
[解析]　B　根据语境可知，此处表示转折，应用However。
[典例2]　(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)“Of course, we 22.notice it when the sun is shining，” says Karin Ro, who works for the town’s tourism office. “We see the sky is __23__， but down in the valley it’s darker—it’s like on a 24.cloudy day.”
23．A.empty B．blue
C．high D．wide
[解析]　B　天空是蔚蓝色的，但山谷却是比较阴暗的，犹如阴天一般。根据句中的“but”可知，本空填入的词语与“darker”相对应，故blue“蓝色的，蔚蓝色的”符合语境。

　因果关系
[典例]　(2019·北京卷)Tina Stern 17.received rides from Wilson for all her four years in college, and the trips meant much more to her than just free 18.transportation. “It’s not just a ride；you’re not just sitting there in 19.awkward silence or with your headphones on，” Stern said. “He asks you questions and actually 20.remembers the answers, so the next time you ride with him, he’ll __21__ those things.”
21．A.act on B．settle on
C．check on D．agree on
[解析]　C　前文提到学生坐他的车时他与学生之间的问和答，这里说下次乘车的时候，威尔逊还会核实那些事情，用check on表示“核实，检查”。act on“按照……行事”，settle on“选定”，agree on“就……达成一致意见”，均不符合语境。

　并列关系
[典例]　(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Back home, Ehlers was troubled by that 45.lost dog. So, four days later, he called his friend Greg, and the two drove __46__. After a long and careful 47.search,_Greg saw, across a field, the dog moving 48.cautiously away. Ehlers eventually succeeded in coaxing the animal to him. Nervousness and fear were replaced with 49.joy. It just started licking(舔) Ehlers’ face.
46．A.home B．past
C．back D．on
[解析]　C　由句中的and可知，此题可以根据并列关系解题。根据本段的第一句“Back home, Ehlers was troubled by that lost dog.”可知，Ehlers回家了，但是他被那条走失的狗弄得心烦意乱，所以，四天后，他叫上他的朋友Greg，开车回去(back)寻找那条狗。

技法四　设身处地揣情绪
完形填空往往选取具有浓厚教育意义的、具备正能量的记叙文、夹叙夹议文，讲述作者所见所闻的某个人或某一个群体经历的某件充满爱、善良、诚实等正能量的事情。因此，考生在解答完形填空时，如果置身事外、见题解题，则既不能体会试卷的教育意义，也容易因“置身事外，不解其中真情”而出错；而将自身代入其中，与主人公一起悲喜，则容易深刻体会其中含义，选对答案。
[典例]　(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)While high school does not generally encourage students to explore new aspects of life, college sets... American Sign Language(美式手语)．
The 46.story began during my first week at college. I watched as the ASL Club 47.performed their translation of a song. Both the hand movements and the very 48.idea of communicating without speaking 49.attracted me. What I saw was completely unlike anything I had experienced in the 50.past. This newness just left me 51.wanting more.
After that, feeling the need to __52__ further, I decided to drop in on one of ASL Club’s meetings. I only learned how to 53.sign the alphabet that day. Yet instead of being discouraged by my 54.slow progress，I was excited.I then made it a point to 55.attend those meetings and learn all I could.
52．A.exercise　　　　　　 B．explore
C．express D．explain
[解析]　B　利用文章发展脉络解题。设身处地的揣摩作者的情绪，寻找答案。所节选部分文章发展脉络为：大学第一周“我”观看了美式手语俱乐部的表演→“我”被表演所吸引→“我”想进一步学习更多手语方面的知识→“我”参加俱乐部的会议。根据文章发展脉络及作者思想情绪的变化可知，第52题是在作者观看了美式手语俱乐部的表演后感到了进一步“探索”(explore)的必要。故选B项。
技法五　褒贬语境判曲直
每篇完形填空所表达的内容都有一定的褒贬性，这种褒贬性反映了作者的特定心理、情绪状态和写作意图，因此利用文章内容的褒贬性就能对文章进行准确的逻辑判断，从而在吃透文意并准确传递文意的基础上推断出答案。
[典例]　(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)“I figured whoever lost the dog was probably just as 59.close to it as I am to my dogs，” says Ehlers. “If it had been my dog, I’d hope that somebody would be __60__ to go that extra mile.”
60．A.suitable B．proud
C．wise D．willing
[解析]　D 　利用感情色彩分析解题。根据“I figured whoever lost the dog was probably just as close to it as I am to my dogs”可知，Ehlers认为无论是谁丢失了狗，都很可能像他对待自己的狗一样亲近(be close to)它，因此可知Ehlers认为，如果他的狗走丢了，他希望有人愿意(willing)不怕麻烦地去给予帮助。
技法六　生活常识巧利用
生活是一本书，世事洞明皆学问。能根据生活常识答题，也是完形填空要考查的一个方面。考生在把握全文大意的基础上，有时还需要根据生活常识和一般情理进行选择。很多时候，完形填空的题目会涉及风俗习惯、文化、历史等方面的生活常识，这时考生需要联系相关常识进行解题，从而选出符合语境的最佳答案。
[典例]　(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)A local farmer told them the dog sounded like one 50.advertised as lost in the local paper. The ad had a 51.phone number for a town in southern Michigan. Ehlers __52__ the number of Jeff and Lisa to tell them he had 53.found their dog.
52．A.called B．copied
C．counted D．remembered
[解析]　A　利用生活常识解题。根据前面的“The ad had a phone number for a town in southern Michigan.”可知，既然寻狗启事上有电话号码，故Ehlers应是打电话 (call)告诉Jeff和Lisa，即狗的主人，他发现了他们的狗。
技法七　排除技巧别忘记
做完形填空题时，当你用尽了几乎所有的办法都不能找出答案时，还有一个办法，那就是排除法。将选项分别代入原文进行判断，只要所选选项在句意、词语搭配、褒贬词性、上下文文风等方面有一方面不符合，就可以判断该选项不符合该空，从而排除。
[典例]　(2018·浙江卷6月)We have all heard how time is more valuable than money, but is it __36__ to have too much time?
36．A.true　　 B．fair　　　C．strange　　 D．possible
[解析]　D　分析可知，句意为“我们都听说过时间比金钱更有价值，但拥有大把的时间是可能(possible)的吗”？将四个选项分别代入原文，可知D项符合语境。

[学生用书P60]
(2019·江苏卷)Wildlife has been greatly threatened in the modern age. There are species(物种) that are __36__ every day. The white­naped crane is a typical example. So scientists are trying their best to __37__ the species from going out of existence.
Chris and Tim work at a zoo, helping endangered cranes with their __38__. Emma, a female crane, has been in their __39__ since she arrived in 2004.
Born at an international crane foundation, Emma was __40__ by human caretakers. This led to an unexpected __41__， though she had a wonderful time there. Emma had __42__ taken herself as a crane and become deeply attached to humans. She __43__ to live with male cranes, and even had a __44__ for killing some of them, which made it __45__ for her to become a mother.
__46__， the two zookeepers didn’t want to see the extinction(灭绝) of this precious species. With their patience and efforts, they successfully developed a __47__ of artificial breeding(人工繁殖) and natural reproduction. This __48__ Emma to give birth to five baby cranes.
The two keepers are proud of their productive work. But before they can be __49__， more efforts must be made, because the population of the crane in the wild is on the __50__， and many other species appear headed toward extinction. __51__， not everyone has realized that wildlife has thoughts, feelings, and most importantly, equal rights to survive.
How can we __52__ the ever­widening gap that separates us from other animals? Chris and Tim offered us the __53__： human beings took it for granted that their __54__ held all the solutions, but maybe their hearts can be a better __55__．
【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。在现代，野生动物受到了极大的威胁，每天都有物种在消失。Chris和Tim努力拯救白枕鹤(white­naped crane)这一物种，使其免于灭绝。
36．A.growing B．migrating
C．competing D．disappearing
D　解析：在现代，野生动物受到了极大的威胁。根据该段中的“Wildlife has been greatly threatened in the modern age.”可知，每天都有物种在消失。disappear“消失”。
37．A.ban B．save
C．split D．remove
B　解析：科学家们正在尽最大努力拯救白枕鹤这一物种，使其免于灭绝。下文讲述了Chris和Tim为拯救白枕鹤所做出的努力。save“拯救”。
38．A.abortion B．recreation
C．reproduction D．administration
C　解析：下文讲述了Chris和Tim帮助Emma繁殖，由此可知，Chris和Tim在一家动物园工作，帮助濒临灭绝的鹤繁殖。reproduction“繁殖”。
39．A.care B．eye
C．mind D．story
A　解析：Emma是一只雌性鹤，自从2004年来到这个动物园，就一直在他们的照顾之下。in sb.’s care(＝being looked after by sb.)“由某人照顾”。
40．A.found B．chosen
C．raised D．seized
C　解析：根据下文中的“become deeply attached to humans”可知，Emma由人类饲养员饲养。raise“饲养”。
41．A.bonus B．consequence
C．victory D．sacrifice
B　解析：根据下文中的“Emma had...become deeply attached to humans...killing some of them”可知，这导致了一个意想不到的后果。consequence“后果”。
42．A.never B．always
C．unluckily D．cheerfully
A　解析：Emma从来没有把自己当成一只鹤，它对人类产生了很深的感情。根据语境可知，此处用否定副词never。
43．A.liked B．refused
C．decided D．hesitated
B　解析：根据上文可知，Emma对人类有很深的感情；再根据下文中的“killing some of them...become a mother”可推知，它拒绝和雄鹤生活在一起，甚至有杀害雄鹤的名声，这使它无法成为一名母亲。refuse to do sth.“拒绝做某事”。
44．A.gift B．skill
C．concern D．reputation
D　解析：参见上题解析。have a reputation for“有……的名声”。reputation“名声”。
45．A.illegal B．inspiring
C．important D．impossible
D
46．A.Therefore B．Moreover
C．However D．Instead
C　解析：然而，Chris和Tim并不想看到这一珍贵物种灭绝。上下文有转折关系。however“然而”。
47．A.combination B．collection
C．strategy D．system
A　解析：在Chris和Tim的耐心和努力下，他们成功地将人工繁殖和自然繁殖结合起来。combination“结合，联合”。
48．A.forced B．forbade
C．taught D．enabled
D　解析：这使得Emma生下了五只鹤宝宝。enable...to do sth.“使……有能力做某事”，如：The loan enabled Jane to buy the house.贷款使简有能力买下这座房子。
49．A.defeated B．grateful
C．assured D．tolerant
C　解析：Chris和Tim为他们富有成效的工作感到自豪，但在他们对此有把握之前，他们必须付出更多的努力。assured“有把握的”。
50．A.list B．rise
C．agenda D．decline
D　解析：因为野生鹤的数量正在下降，许多其他物种似乎正走向灭绝。on the decline“在下降”。
51．A.In contrast B．After all
C．By the way D．On the contrary
B　解析：毕竟，并不是每个人都能意识到野生动物有思想、感情，最重要的是，它们有平等的生存权利。after all“毕竟”，符合语境。in contrast“相比之下”；by the way“顺便说”；on the contrary“与此相反”。
52．A.leave B．bridge
C．open D．identify
B　解析：我们怎样才能弥合我们与其他动物之间不断扩大的鸿沟呢？bridge“弥合(差距)，消除(分歧)”。
53．A.course B．excuse
C．answer D．reward
C　解析：Chris和Tim给了我们答案，下文中的“human beings took it for granted that...______”就是他们的答案。answer“答案”。
54．A.brains B．behaviors
C．services D．projects
A　解析：人类想当然地认为他们的大脑(brains)掌握了所有的解决方案，但也许他们的心可以成为更好的向导(guide)。
55．A.guide B．treat
C．example D．companion
A　解析：参见上题解析。
[学生用书P61]
Test 1
(2019·江苏名校高三摸底)I’ve been into environment­friendly things for ages, which started when I was 13 and my favorite teen magazine __1__ in the mail with a “Save the Earth, Girl！” cover. I remember it __2__！ It was filled with all sorts of easy __3__ to go green.
Among many of the __4__ I learned that day：turning off the water while you brush your teeth __5__ 200 gallons of water every year—per person! I started doing that __6__.I mean, it is kind of a big deal considering Earth doesn’t have an unlimited __7__ of fresh water.
My parents were also __8__ for recycling and reusing, so we became the ones who __9__ rejected containers and used them for __10__， and the ones who carried our own bags to the grocery store and our own __11__ to the coffee shop. I knew it was the right thing to do for the environment.
Later, I tried to let my green flag fly! I either called out whoever littered in public __12__ collected magazines from my friends to __13__. Then the strangest thing happened: people started __14__ me. One by one, my friends began to turn off the lights, buy recycled notebooks, and __15__ paper back into the printer to make use of the other __16__. It’s not that they were so __17__ about the environment, but they were drawn to my confidence.
I’m wild about environmental protection and would stand __18__， saying，“Yeah, this is what I’m into.”__19__ others don’t share your enthusiasm, they will envy your confidence and want to be like you, and that means __20__ your example.
【解题导语】　文章主要讲述了作者从13岁偶然接触一本青少年杂志起，致力于环保生活，从身边的小事做起，感染着身边的朋友，做环保先锋，唤起人们的环保意识。
1．A.existed　　　　　　　 B．arrived
C．returned D．printed
B　解析：句意：我致力于环保很多年，环保开始于我13岁那年，我最喜欢的带着“救救地球，女孩！”封面的青少年杂志邮寄到达之时。故选B。
2．A.carefully B．correctly
C．clearly D．occasionally
C　解析：句意：我清楚地记得这本杂志。故选C。
3．A.tips B．questions
C．jobs D．decisions
A　解析：句意：青少年杂志中都是各种各样的易于环保的小建议。故选A。
4．A.reasons B．debates
C．lessons D．facts
D　解析：根据下文“那天我学到的事实有”可知此题答案为“facts”。故选D。
5．A.weighs B．stores
C．saves D．totals
C　解析：句意：在刷牙时关闭水龙头，每人每年可节省200加仑水。故选C。
6．A.at times B．right away
C．after all D．at last
B　解析：根据句意，作者立刻马上付诸行动。at times“有时”；after all“毕竟，终究”； at last“最后”。故选B。
7．A.amount B．control
C．use D．flow
A　解析：根据句意，作者的意思是考虑到地球没有无限量的淡水，这是一件大事。“an amount of ＋不可数名词”是固定搭配，意为“许多，大量”。故选A。
8．A.famous B．sorry
C．eager D．suitable
C　解析：作者父母也渴望循环使用和再利用。be famous for“因……而出名”；be sorry for“因……而抱歉”；be suitable for“对……适合”；be eager for“渴望”。be eager for符合句意。故选C。
9．A.washed out B．took away
C．gave out D．threw away
A　解析：根据下文“rejected containers and used them for”可知，作者及家人是“洗净”了被抛弃的容器。wash out“洗净”；take away“带走”；give out“分布，发出”；throw away“扔掉”。 故选A。
10．A.collection B．show
C．storage D．decoration
C　解析：洗净被抛弃的容器，并且使用它们存东西。storage符合句意。故选C。
11．A.drinks B．books
C．coins D．cups
D　解析：根据下文“to the coffee shop”可知，应该是cups。故选D。
12．A.but B．and
C．so D．or
D　解析：根据前文either可知，此处是 either...or并列连词，连接两个并列的谓语动词。故选D。
13．A.recycle B．process
C．resell D．donate
A　解析：从朋友处收集杂志去循环使用。recycle“循环”；process“加工，处理”；resell“再卖”；donate“捐献”。故选A。
14．A.serving B．copying
C．observing D．reminding
B　解析：根据下文朋友的做法可知是人们效仿作者。serve“服务”；copy“拷贝，效仿”； observe“观察”； remind“提醒，提及”。故选B。
15．A.pay B．take
C．feed D．turn
C　解析：根据句意，并且把纸的背面放入打印机中去充分利用另一面。选项中只有feed 符合句意。feed...back into“把……放进机器；将……塞进机器”。故选C。
16．A.sheet B．part
C．version D．side
D　解析：根据上一句句意可知是充分利用纸的另一面。故side符合句意。故选D。
17．A.curious B．concerned
C．optimistic D．serious
B　解析：根据下文“而是被我的自信心所吸引”可知，他们并不是如此关心环境。be curious about“对……好奇”；be concerned about“对……关心”； be optimistic about“对……乐观”； be serious about“对……严肃认真”。故选B。
18．A.proudly B．politely
C．calmly D．patiently
A　解析：根据下文所说的内容可知，作者是自豪地站着说，故选proudly。故选A。
19．A.Now that B．Even if
C．Unless D．Before
B　解析：根据下文他们将羡慕你的自信心并且想要成为像你一样的人，可知和此空形成让步关系。 now that“既然”；even if“即使”；unless“除非”； before“在……之前”。故选B。
20．A.setting B．making
C．giving D．following
D　解析：根据上题解析可知，想要成为像你一样的人。故“效仿你”符合句意。 故选D。
[长难句分析]　My parents were also eager for recycling and reusing, so we became the ones who washed out rejected containers and used them for storage, and the ones who carried our own bags to the grocery store and our own cups to the coffee shop.(第三段第一句)
分析：本句是主从复合句。so引导结果状语从句；两个who都引导定语从句。
译文：我的父母也渴望回收和再利用，所以我们成了那些将弃用的容器清洗并将其用于储存的人，以及那些带着自己的袋子去杂货店和带着自己的杯子去咖啡店的人。
Test 2
(2019·南京、盐城高三模拟)Early spring can be a tough time in the Midwest. It can take both people and animals by surprise with its __1__ snowstorms.
My house is built in a high position so that my backyard __2__ a large pond. Every spring, migratory birds(候鸟) camp out in the pond on the way to their summer __3__. This year, among others, hundreds of scaups, a type of diving duck, spent several days __4__ there, diving for food.
Then the snowstorm __5__， followed by a very cold night. As the open water of the pond __6__ into icy desolation(荒凉), the scaups took off for a more __7__ habitat(栖息地)．
The next morning, I found that all birds had disappeared __8__—except one lone female, who was diving energetically in her little circle of open water. Her movements and body heat had kept the __9__ from coming close. She __10__ swam around as I watched her from the __11__ of my warm home.
As time passed, the open water around the duck got smaller and smaller, and her movements slowed.__12__， she was in danger. I watched with __13__ as she eventually stopped moving, and I feared she was dead.
Then it happened. Two more ducks suddenly appeared, landing next to her __14__ body. And then more ducks came, and the circle of water came __15__ with their swimming and diving. Within minutes, the lone female, too, was swimming and diving happily, returning to consciousness by her friends’ __16__.
This little duck’s friends probably saved her life. She wouldn’t have __17__ another night in the frozen pond. And she, __18__， had done them a favor by keeping that small area of water open, so they had a place to stop and __19__ themselves.
It made me consider how we could have a deep effect on the people around us. A look, an action, a few words—even our mere presence—might __20__ someone’s day. It might change one’s path, or even save one’s life.
【解题导语】　文章通过叙述母鸭陷入危险最终得救的故事告诉我们：一个眼神、一个动作、寥寥数语，甚至仅仅是我们的出现，都可能给某个人的生活带来光明。这可能改变一个人的道路，甚至挽救一个人的生命。
1．A.uncertain B．unexpected
C．unwanted D．unplanned
B　解析：根据上文中的“It can take both people and animals by surprise”可知，早春会出现意想不到的暴风雪，让人们和动物都大吃一惊。B项意为“意料之外的”，符合语境。故选B。
2．A.overlooks B．becomes
C．resembles D．contains
A　解析：根据本句中的“My house is built in a high position so that my backyard ______ a large pond.”可知，作者家的房子建在很高的位置，所以能俯瞰一个大池塘。A项意为“俯瞰，远眺”，符合语境。故选A。
3．A.homes B．times
C．vacations D．teams
A　解析：根据下文语境可知，候鸟在池塘里安家。A项意为“家”，符合语境。故选A。
4．A.bringing out B．handing out
C．hanging out D．putting out
C　解析：根据文中的“hundreds of scaups, a type of diving duck, spend several days ______ there, diving for food”可知，上百只潜鸭在那里闲逛，潜水觅食。C项意为“闲逛”，符合语境。故选C。
5．A.appeared B．formed
C．grew D．hit
D　解析：根据本句“Then the snowstorm ______，followed by a very cold night.”可知，暴风雪突然袭击，紧随其后的是一个非常寒冷的夜晚。故选D。
6．A.squeezed B．split
C．spread D．shrank
D　解析：根据第五段第一句中的“the open water around the duck got smaller and smaller”可知，池塘开阔的水域逐渐缩小。D项意为“使缩小，使收缩”，符合语境。故选D。
7．A.portable B．livable
C．movable D．enjoyable
B　解析：根据上文可知，池塘的水结冰了，不再适合活动，所以潜鸭们去往更适宜居住的栖息地。B项意为“宜居的”，符合语境。故选B。
8．A.immediately B．forever
C．overnight D．temporarily
C　解析：根据上文“Then the snowstorm ______， followed by a very cold night.”及语境可知，第二天早上，作者发现所有的鸟都在一夜之间消失了。C项意为“一夜之间，突然”，符合语境。故选C。
9．A.ice B．storm
C．waves D．hunters
A　解析：根据上下文语境可知，这只母鸭尽量用她的体温和身体运动的热量使开阔的水域不被冰封住。A项意为“冰”，符合语境。B项意为“暴风雪”；C项意为“波浪”；D项意为“猎人”，均与语境不符。故选A。
10．A.cautiously B．tiredly
C．bravely D．helplessly
C　解析：根据下文可知，母鸭勇敢地在池塘里游着。C项意为“勇敢地”，符合语境。故选C。
11．A.harmony B．comfort
C．mess D．quietness
B　解析：根据下文中的“my warm home”可知，作者在舒适、温暖的家里看着这只母鸭勇敢地在池塘里游着。B项意为“舒适”，符合语境。故选B。
12．A.Particularly B．Surprisingly
C．Obviously D．Normally
C　解析：根据上一句“As time passed, the open water around the duck got smaller and smaller, and her movements slowed.”可知，随着时间的流逝，母鸭周围的水域越来越小，它的动作也减慢了。显然，它有危险。C项意为“明显地，显然地”，符合语境。故选C。
13．A.respect B．curiosity
C．guilt D．anxiety
D　解析：根据下文中的“and I feared she was dead”可知，作者很担心母鸭。D项意为“担心，焦虑”，符合语境。故选D。
14．A.still B．wet
C．dead D．fat
A　解析：根据上文中的“as she eventually stopped moving”可知，母鸭已经停止活动。因此，另外两只鸭子出现时，这只母鸭一动不动。A项意为“一动不动的，静止的”，符合语境。故选A。
15．A.true B．alive
C．apart D．alone
B　解析：根据本句语境可知，更多的鸭子来了，池塘中没有结冰的小水圈因为它们的游动和潜水而复苏。come alive意为“活跃起来”，符合语境。故选B。
16．A.ignorance B．tolerance
C．presence D．confidence
C　解析：根据上文语境可知，其他鸭子的到来使得这只母鸭又恢复了意识。故选C。
17．A.wasted B．spared
C．waited D．lasted
D　解析：根据上文“This little duck’s friends probably saved her life.”可知，如果母鸭的朋友们没有来的话，它可能熬不过在结冰的池塘里的另一个晚上。D项意为“持续”，符合语境。故选D。
18．A.as usual B．of course
C．for instance D．in turn
D　解析：根据上下文语境可知，如果母鸭的朋友们没有来的话，它可能熬不过在结冰的池塘里的另一个晚上。但是反过来，这只母鸭也帮了它们一个忙，就是让那一小块水域保持着开放。D项意为“反过来；转而”，符合语境。A项意为“像往常一样”；B项意为“当然”；C项意为“例如”，均与语境不符。故选D。
19．A.regroup B．refresh
C．reunite D．retrain
B　解析：根据上文中的“so they had a place to stop”可知，所以有一个地方可以栖息。故选B。
20．A.brighten B．fill
C．represent D．deserve
A　解析：根据上下文语境可知，一个眼神、一个动作、寥寥数语、甚至仅仅是我们的出现，都可能给某个人的生活带来光明。A项意为“使闪亮，使生辉”，符合语境。故选A。
[长难句分析]　As the open water of the pond shrank into icy desolation(荒凉), the scaups took off for a more livable habitat(栖息地)．(第三段最后一句)
分析：本句是一个主从复合句。As引导时间状语从句。
译文：当池塘开阔的水域缩小成荒凉的冰面时，这些潜鸭们飞向一个更适宜居住的地方。

完形填空——记叙文[学生用书P137(单独成册)]
(建议用时：45分钟)
Test 1
(2019·苏、锡、常、镇四市教学情况调研)One evening, Catherine was at home as usual. As her __1__ swung between what she was going to do with her life and their dinner plans for the evening, she was unexpectedly __2__ by an urgent call from her sister.“Get over here! Turn on NBC and check these guys out. They are just like you...” One Facebook message and a phone interview later, Catherine __3__ herself on a bus with 8 strangers in the middle of the sweltering desert heat of Utah, picking up trash and __4__awareness about zero­waste and climate change.
With a deep __5__ of the environment and a desire to make a __6__， Catherine, Davey, and a group of self __7__“environmental pick­up artists” went on a coast to coast road side trash pick­up. As they walked, sometimes only __8__ 0.9 miles in an entire day, they __9__ and steadily made their way across the United States for three years, picking up a total of 201，678 pounds of trash.
Catherine and Davey __10__ with us wonderful stories of hope and inspiration that fueled their __11__ to continue their journey. After spending weeks silently __12__ how she would have enough __13__ to fly home for their two­week spring break, Catherine found a blank, unidentified envelope __14__ with $850 cash in the desert. Just enough to get her home and back. After their bus __15__ outside of Denver, they unexpectedly got __16__ and arrived in Yosemite National Park three weeks later, just in time for the “Yosemite Facelift” where __17__ from all over the state came together with a __18__ of cleaning up trash all over the park.
Being at the right place at the right time became almost normal, and they realized that much of what they __19__ was more than just a coincidence. Together, their team learned to simply __20__ themselves to their task, and surrender to the journey.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Catherine和她的团队通过致力于沿海岸边拾荒活动来提高人们对零浪费和气候变化的认识。
1．A.hands　　　　　　　 B．balance
C．thoughts D．position
C　解析：根据下文中的“swung between what she was going to do with her life and their dinner plans for the evening”可知，Catherine的思绪在如何处理她的生活和晚餐计划之间摇摆。C项意为“想法”，符合语境。故选C。
2．A.blamed B．interrupted
C．moved D．frightened
B　解析：根据下文中的“by an urgent call from her sister”可知，她的思绪被她姐姐的紧急电话打断了。B项意为“打断”，符合语境。故选B。
3．A.dropped B．cheered
C．found D．taught
C　解析：根据下文中的“herself on a bus with 8 strangers”可知，Catherine发现自己和8名陌生人在一辆公共汽车上。C项意为“发现”，符合语境。故选C。
4．A.abandoning B．shaking
C．raising D．hiding
C　解析：根据下文语境可知，此处指提高零浪费和气候变化的意识。C项意为“提高”，符合语境。故选C。
5．A.pride B．trust
C．fear D．love
D　解析：根据下文中的“‘environmental pick­up artists’went on a coast to coast road side trash pick­up”可知，她们的举动是因为对环境的热爱。D项意为“爱”，符合语境。故选D。
6．A.difference B．promise
C．mistake D．plan
A　解析：根据下文中的“‘environmental pick­up artists’ went on a coast to coast road side trash pick­up”可知，带着对环境的热爱和想要有所作为的愿望，Catherine、Davey和一群自称是“环保拾荒艺术家”的人一起参加了一次沿海岸边拾荒的活动。故选A。
7．A.corrected B．described
C．repeated D．discovered
B　解析：根据下文中的“environmental pick­up artists”可知，他们自称是“环保拾荒艺术家”。故选B。
8．A.driving B．fixing
C．riding D．covering
D　解析：根据语境可知，当他们步行时，有的一整天只走了0.9英里路，D项意为“走过，覆盖”，符合语境。故选D。
9．A.slowly B．secretly
C．helplessly D．frequently
A　解析：根据上文中的“0.9 miles in an entire day”可知，当他们步行时，一整天只走了0.9英里路，速度缓慢。A项意为“缓慢地”，符合语境。故选A。
10．A.heard B．shared
C．wrote D．read
B　解析：根据下文中的“wonderful stories of hope”可知，他们跟“我们”分享了关于希望和灵感的精彩故事。B项意为“分享”，符合语境。故选B。
11．A.efforts B．costs
C．problems D．choices
A　解析：根据语境可知，Catherine和Davey跟“我们”分享了关于希望和灵感的精彩故事，它们激励他们努力继续他们的旅程。A项意为“努力”，符合语境。故选A。
12．A.worrying about B．replying to
C．depending on D．meeting with
A　解析：根据下文语境可知，Catherine担心怎样才能有足够的钱回家。A项意为“担心”，符合语境。故选A。
13．A.time B．food
C．money D．room
C　解析：根据下文中的“with $850 cash in the desert”可知，此处指如何有足够的钱回家。C项意为“钱”，符合语境。故选C。
14．A.equipped B．supplied
C．decorated D．filled
D　解析：根据语境可知，Catherine在沙漠中发现了一个空白的、未署名的信封，里面装着850美元现金。故选D。
15．A.set off B．broke down
C．headed for D．held on
B　解析：根据下文中的“they unexpectedly got ______ and arrived in Yosemite National Park three weeks later”可推知，他们的汽车出了故障。B项意为“出故障”，符合语境。故选B。
16．A.rest B．practice
C．understanding D．help
D　解析：根据上下文语境可知，汽车出了故障，他们意想不到地得到了帮助，三个星期后到达了Yosemite国家公园。D项意为“帮助”，符合语境。故选D。
17．A.members B．volunteers
C．tourists D．reporters
B　解析：根据下文中的“cleaning up trash all over the park”可知，此处指来自全国的志愿者聚集到一起。B项意为“志愿者”，符合语境。故选B。
18．A.purpose B．question
C．decision D．lesson
A　解析：根据语境可知，来自全国的志愿者带着清理垃圾的目的聚集到一起。A项意为“目的”，符合语境。故选A。
19．A.introduced B．expected
C．experienced D．examined
C　解析：根据语境可知，他们意识到他们所经历的事情都不仅仅是巧合。C项意为“经历”，符合语境。故选C。
20．A.turn B．limit
C．compare D．devote
D　解析：根据语境可知，他们团队学会了致力于他们的任务中。D项意为“致力于”，符合语境。故选D。
[长难句分析]　Catherine and Davey shared with us wonderful stories of hope and inspiration that fueled their efforts to continue their journey.(第三段第一句)
分析：本句是一个主从复合句。that引导定语从句。
译文：Catherine和Davey跟我们分享了关于希望和灵感的精彩故事，它们激励他们努力继续他们的旅程。
Test 2
Years ago, we celebrated our oldest son’s first birthday by holding a super party. I spent months __1__， cutting out handmade banners(横幅) and making all kinds of decorations. I kept __2__ my husband’s work as he built a cardboard city background. And I would lose __3__ of my emotions when it didn’t progress exactly as I __4__.
I didn’t know exactly why I stuck to __5__ a party like that, but I felt this unspoken __6__. It was a feeling that my __7__ as a mom and my love for my son were tied to how __8__ this party was. Actually my son was turning one year old, and he had no idea what was going on. __9__， this clearly meant nothing to him.
I tried to __10__ other people and maybe even prove something to myself, only to find it made me __11__. On his birthday, I put on a ton of makeup(化妆品) to __12__ my stress and smiled to our __13__ even though I nearly broke down. It was the __14__ party because of the memories attached to it! I ruined a __15__ memory for me as a mother and decided to make a __16__.
Last weekend, we celebrated my other son Hudson’s sixth birthday. He asked a Ninjago theme, so a week before the party, I searched Amazon(a shopping website) and __17__ a banner and some basic party materials as he __18__. On that day, we ordered a big meal and used disposable(一次性的) plates to avoid hours of cleaning up. The party was __19__ but perfect. As Hudson went to bed that night, he told me it was his best birthday ever.
Parents’__20__ for kids does not lie in the complexity of celebrating kids’ birthday.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。作者通过给自己孩子办生日聚会认识到：父母对孩子的爱并不在于庆祝他们的生日的形式是否复杂。
1．A.researching B．preparing
C．thinking D．studying
B　解析：根据下文中的“cutting out handmade banners(横幅) and making all kinds of decorations”可知，作者花了几个月的时间为儿子的第一个生日做准备。B项意为“准备”，符合语境。故选B。
2．A.ignoring B．doubting
C．finding D．checking
D　解析：根据下文内容可知，作者让丈夫一起为儿子的第一个生日做准备工作，并经常检查丈夫的准备工作是否做得到位。D项意为“检查”，符合语境。故选D。
3．A.control B．count
C．sight D．track
A　解析：根据语境可知，因为作者对儿子的生日聚会很重视，因此，如果准备工作没有按预计的那样进行，作者会控制不住自己的情绪。A项意为“控制”，符合语境。故选A。
4．A.learned B．explained
C．expected D．promised
C　解析：根据上文中的“I would lose ______ of my emotions”可知，如果准备的进程不是作者所期望的那样，作者会控制不住自己的情绪。C项意为“期望”，符合语境。故选C。
5．A.damaging B．arranging
C．attending D．leaving
B　解析：根据语境可知，作者并不十分清楚为什么要坚持安排那样的一个生日聚会。B项意为“安排”，符合语境。故选B。
6．A.fears B．concern
C．questions D．pressure
D　解析：根据上下文语境可知，给儿子举办那个生日聚会给作者带来了说不出来的压力。D项意为“压力”，符合语境。故选D。
7．A.dream B．job
C．identity D．post
C　解析：根据下文中的“as a mom”可知，此处表示作者作为一名母亲的这个身份。C项意为“身份”，符合语境。故选C。
8．A.personal B．difficult
C．familiar D．brilliant
D　解析：根据语境可知，是否将这个聚会办好关系到作者作为一名母亲的身份以及她对孩子的爱。D项意为“杰出的，很好的”，符合语境。故选D。
9．A.However B．Therefore
C．Anyhow D．Besides
B　解析：根据语境可知，作者的儿子才将近一岁，他根本不知道作者在干什么，因此，生日聚会对他而言并没有多大意义。故选B。
10．A.persuade B．remind
C．inspire D．impress
D　解析：根据下文中的“and maybe even prove something to myself”可知，作者想让这个生日聚会给其他人留下深刻印象，甚至想向自己证明一些东西。D项意为“给……留下印象”，符合语境。故选D。
11．A.delighted B．annoyed
C．tired D．astonished
C　解析：根据上下文语境及下文中的“even though I nearly broke down”可知，举办这个生日聚会让作者感到很疲惫。C项意为“疲惫的”，符合语境。故选C。
12．A.create B．cover
C．express D．experience
B　解析：根据上文中的“I put on a ton of makeup(化妆品)”可知，作者用化妆品来遮掩自己的压力。B项意为“遮盖”，符合语境。故选B。
13．A.neighbors B．relatives
C．colleagues D．guests
D　解析：根据语境可知，此处表示作者对来参加聚会的宾客面带笑容。D项意为“宾客”，符合语境。故选D。
14．A.worst B．newest
C．best D．biggest
A　解析：根据上文语境及下文中的“I ruined a ______ memory for me as a mother”可知，作者对这次生日聚会的感觉非常糟糕。A项意为“最糟糕的”，符合语境。故选A。
15．A.clear B．bitter
C．precious D．accurate
C　解析：根据语境可知，儿子一岁了，举办生日聚会对母亲来讲本应是一次珍贵的回忆，但是作者却毁掉了它。C项意为“珍贵的”，符合语境。故选C。
16．A.mess B．deal
C．joke D．change
D　解析：根据语境可知，因为作者为一岁儿子举办的生日聚会感觉并不好，所以作者决定做出改变。D项意为“改变”，符合语境。故选D。
17．A.designed B．purchased
C．made D．wanted
B　解析：根据常识可知，此处应是作者在购物网站购买了一个横幅以及几种基本的过生日的物品。B项意为“购买”，符合语境。故选B。
18．A.taught B．did
C．demanded D．commanded
C　解析：根据语境可知，此处应是作者应儿子的要求在网站上买了他想要的几种过生日的物品。C项意为“要求”，符合语境。故选C。
19．A.splendid B．complicated
C．plain D．boring
C　解析：根据语境可知，Hudson的六岁生日聚会虽然简单，但是很完美。C项意为“简单的”，符合语境。故选C。
20．A.affection B．praise
C．sympathy D．advice
A　解析：根据语境可知，父母对孩子的爱并不在于庆祝他们的生日的形式的复杂性。A项意为“爱”，符合语境。故选A。
Test 3
It was New Year time. We were travelling in a van (小型货车) __1__ toys to the homeless. When we __2__ the spot, something caught my eyes. Something or someone was moving in the rubbish. Soon I __3__ that it was the home of a poor family. There were two __4__， both about my age at the time, and a lady I supposed to be their mother. They sat there __5__．
As a little girl myself I was __6__ interested in the little girl. How __7__ our lives were. She lived for the day, __8__ through the rubbish for something to fill her stomach. I on the other hand was well looked after and never had to worry about __9__. I had a good education and thus a __10__ future. I looked at the little girl. The only __11__ she had was the worn­out dress that she was wearing.
Seeing this little girl I made the decision to __12__ a doll that had belonged to me for a while. When the van came to a __13__， I stepped out, called the girl over and __14__ the doll in her hand. At first she looked at me with __15__ and wasn’t certain what to do, but then she smiled and I saw __16__ in her eyes. I went back into the vehicle and we started to __17__ off, and that’s when we realized the little girl was running __18__. We stopped again and opened the door. The girl had __19__ with us. She looked directly at me and said two __20__ words “Thank You”．
【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲了作者一行人在新年期间，开车去为无家可归的人分发玩具；作者远远地发现了一位小女孩，她靠在垃圾中寻找食物为生；于是作者走过去，将自己的玩具娃娃送给了她，然后就离开了；后来作者他们发现那位女孩在追他们，于是停下了车，这时小女孩向作者说了句“谢谢”。
1．A.showing B．recommending
C．distributing D．selling
C　解析：根据下文“我”送给小女孩玩具娃娃可知，我们在新年期间给无家可归的人分发玩具。故选C。A项意为“展示”；B项意为“推荐”；C项意为“分发”；D项意为“出售”。
2．A.left B．changed
C．chose D．approached
D　解析：根据下文中的“When the van came to a ______， I stepped out”可以推知，当我们接近目的地的时候，有东西引起“我”的注意。故选D。
3．A.guaranteed B．realized
C．decided D．accepted
B　解析：根据空后的“it was the home of a poor family”并结合语境可知，“我”很快意识到那是一户贫困人家的家。故选B。A项意为“保证”；B项意为“意识到”；C项意为“决定”；D项意为“接受”。
4．A.boys B．children
C．drivers D．adults
B　解析：根据下文中的“both about my age at the time...”可知，当时那里有两个和“我”的年龄差不多的孩子，还有一位女士，可能是他们的母亲。故选B。
5．A.happily B．angrily
C．hopefully D．helplessly
D　解析：根据下文中的“______ through the rubbish for something to fill her stomach”和“the worn­out dress”可知，他们无助地坐在垃圾旁边。故选D。
6．A.still B．less
C．especially D．probably
C　解析：根据语境可知，作为一个小女孩，“我”尤其对那个小女孩感兴趣。故选C。
7．A.similar B．different
C．difficult D．ordinary
B　解析：根据下文中的“She lived for the day...to fill her stomach”和“I on the other hand was well looked after...a ______ future.”可知，我们的生活差别很大。故选B。
8．A.searching B．getting
C．running D．breaking
A　解析：根据上文中的“Something or someone was moving in the rubbish.”可知，当时那个小女孩在垃圾堆里寻找东西以填饱自己的肚子。故选A。
9．A.food B．safety
C．health D．transport
A　解析：根据上文可知，那个小女孩在垃圾堆里寻找食物，而“我”却得了很好的照顾，从来不用担心食物。故选A。
10．A.doubtful B．distant
C．promising D．foreseeable
C　解析：根据该空前的“I had a good education”可知，“我”接受了良好的教育，“我”也有一个有前途的未来。故选C。A项意为“可疑的”；B项意为“遥远的”；C项意为“有前途的”；D项意为“可预知的”。
11．A.present B．decoration
C．requirement D．possession
D　解析：根据上文的内容并结合语境可推知，那位小女孩仅有的东西就是她身上穿的那件破旧的裙子。故选D。A项意为“礼物”；B项意为“装饰”；C项意为“要求”；D项意为“财产，所有物”。
12．A.give away B．give back
C．hand out D．hand in
A　解析：根据下文中的“I stepped out...the doll in her hand.”可知，看到这个小女孩，“我”决定把自己的玩具娃娃送给她。故选A。A项意为“赠送”；B项意为“归还”；C项意为“分发”；D项意为“上交”。
13．A.station B．stop
C．street D．signal
B　解析：根据上文可知，“我”决定把自己的玩具娃娃送给那个小女孩，所以当车一停下(stop)来，“我”立刻下车，叫那个小女孩过来，然后将玩具娃娃放(placed)在她的手里。故选B。
14．A.tore B．placed
C．dropped D．threw
B　解析：参见上题解析。
15．A.anger B．pain
C．surprise D．disappointment
C　解析：根据空后的“and wasn’t certain what to do”和语境可知，那个小女孩刚开始惊讶地看着“我”。故选C。
16．A.hope B．loneliness
C．anxiety D．astonishment
A　解析：根据上文可知，那个小女孩一家绝望地坐在垃圾旁边，并结合语境可知，“我”将玩具娃娃放在她手里，她对“我”微笑，“我”从小女孩的眼中看到了希望。故选A。A项意为“希望”；B项意为“孤独”；C项意为“焦虑”；D项意为“震惊”。
17．A.walk B．get
C．lift D．drive
D　解析：根据下文中的“We stopped again”可知，“我”回到车上，我们开车(drive)离开，那时我们才意识到，那位小女孩正在后面(behind)追赶我们。故选D。
18．A.behind B．away
C．out D．in
A　解析：参见上题解析。
19．A.got along B．come along
C．caught up D．turned up
C　解析：根据上文的“We stopped again and opened the door.”可知，小女孩追上了我们。故选C。get along with“与……相处”；come along with“和……在一起”；catch up with“追上，赶上”；turn up出现；调高。
20．A.final B．new
C．key D．simple
D　解析：根据语境可知，小女孩直接看着“我”，说了两个简单的词——Thank You。故选D。
完形填空——夹叙夹议文[学生用书P139(单独成册)]
(建议用时：45分钟)
Test 1
(2019·南京、盐城模拟)The snow was falling and the roads had become dangerous. The schools were dismissed early, but much to my surprise, my __1__ wasn’t canceled. So I went, feeling especially heroic. As far as I could see, I was risking my life to keep my __2__. Snow or no snow, I would be on time for my scheduled donation at the local __3__ center.
When I got there, I discovered I wasn’t __4__. Four more “hero­types” were already lying back in donor chairs with lines __5__ to their veins(静脉), and machines quietly pumping away to __6__ their life­saving gifts.
Seeing my fellow donors honoring their own commitments, I realized why I was there. I lay back in my donor chair, ready to make a __7__ to the life of someone I would never __8__.
To be honest, I’d never really thought about why I donate. I just did it. __9__ a few months ago, during one of my __10__ donations I learned that my blood was specifically for a cancer patient and for a newborn baby—both patients needed what I would give in order to live. I’ve viewed my visits to the blood center __11__ ever since.
My wife Karen is a __12__， too. And more importantly, she has been on the bone marrow(骨髓) list for fifteen years, ever since she __13__ to provide bone marrow to a kindergartner with leukemia(白血病). That little girl died before Karen’s bone marrow could help her, but Karen was called again recently. Her test results were still on file, and it turned out she was a potential __14__ for someone else. The caller asked Karen if she would still be willing to become a bone marrow donor.“Yes，” she said and then immediately began answering questions on the pages of paperwork for further testing. It was to __15__ against time.
I wish I could say that this race was __16__. Unluckily, it wasn’t. The caller later thanked Karen for her participation and asked a few more questions—including whether or not she’d __17__ on the donor list.“Of course，” Karen answered.
Last week Karen gave blood and next week I’ll make my usual donation. I’ll clear an afternoon from my schedule and make an appointment. I don’t know whose life my donation may __18__. Most likely it will be a __19__， but on any day the person needing blood could be you or me or maybe a loved one. It is worthwhile to __20__ our time to donate.
I really do feel proud every time I donate. And I like the feeling.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，主要讲述了作者是一位血液捐献者，无论在什么情况下，作者都会遵守诺言，到当地的血液中心如期献血。他的妻子也是一位骨髓捐献者。捐献让作者都感到很自豪，因为自己的捐献有可能会挽救一个陌生人的生命。
1．A.appointment　　　　　 B．class
C．training D．flight
A　解析：根据倒数第二段中的“I’ll clear an afternoon from my schedule and make an appointment.”和语境可知，此处表示作者去做血液捐献者的约定并未取消。A项意为“约会，约定”；B项意为“班级”；C项意为“培训”；D项意为“航班”。A项符合语境。故选A项。
2．A.secret B．balance
C．shape D．word
D　解析：根据下文中的“Snow or no snow, I would be on time for my scheduled donation”和语境可知，无论在什么情况下，作者都会遵守自己的诺言。keep one’s word意为“遵守诺言”，为固定搭配。故选D项。
3．A.service B．research
C．blood D．care
C　解析：根据第四段中的“my blood was specifically for a cancer patient”可知，无论在什么情况下，作者都会到当地的血液中心如期献血。A项意为“服务”；B项意为“研究”；C项意为“血液”；D项意为“关怀”。C项符合语境。故选C项。
4．A.alone B．welcome
C．late D．lucky
A　解析：根据下文中的“Four more ‘hero­types’ were already lying back in donor chairs”可知，当作者到达那里时，作者发现自己并不是独自一人。故选A项。
5．A.exposed B．attached
C．applied D．added
B　解析：根据下文中的“to their veins(静脉)”可知，已经有四个人躺在血液中心的椅子上，他们的血管上连着抽血管。A项意为“暴露”；B项意为“附属，连接”；C项意为“应用”；D项意为“增加”。B项符合语境。故选B项。
6．A.check B．produce
C．collect D．clean
C　解析：根据前文中的“machines quietly pumping away”可知，机器静静地抽着血，以收集可以拯救其他人生命的礼物(血液)。C项符合语境。故选C项。
7．A.meaning B．decision
C．difference D．choice
C　解析：根据语境可知，作者躺在血液中心的椅子上，准备改变作者可能永远不会谋面的人的生命。make a difference意为“有影响”，为固定搭配。故选C项。
8．A.meet B．forget
C．miss D．recognize
A　解析：根据常识可知，作者捐献的血液可能会拯救那些他永远不会谋面的人。A项符合语境。故选A项。
9．A.And B．But
C．So D．Because
B　解析：根据本句内容和语境可知，作者从未想过自己为什么会去献血。但是，直到几个月前，在作者的一次定期捐献中，作者了解到他的血液是专门用来救治一个癌症患者和一个新生婴儿的。此处是转折关系，应用but。故选B项。
10．A.regular B．unexpected
C．special D．pleasant
A　解析：根据倒数第二段中的“I’ll make my usual donation”可知，作者是定期捐献血液的。A项意为“定期的，有规律的”；B项意为“难以预料的”；C项意为“特别的，特殊的”；D项意为“高兴的”。A项符合语境。故选A项。
11．A.wisely B．differently
C．hesitantly D．carefully
B　解析：根据上文内容及语境可知，当作者得知自己捐献的血液真正地帮到了其他人时，作者对去血液中心的看法就变得不一样了。A项意为“明智地”；B项意为“不同地”；C项意为“犹豫地”；D项意为“小心地”。B项符合语境。故选B项。
12．A.receiver B．doctor
C．patient D．donor
D　解析：根据下文中的“too”及语境可知，作者的妻子也是一个捐献者。D项符合语境。故选D项。
13．A.built up B．signed up
C．gave up D．took up
B　解析：根据语境和下文中的“provide bone marrow to a kindergartner with leukemia (白血病)”可知，作者的妻子报名为患有白血病的幼儿园小朋友提供骨髓。A项意为“建立，增进”；B项意为“报名”；C项意为“放弃”；D项意为“从事，占据”。B项符合语境。故选B项。
14．A.risk B．customer
C．match D．partner
C　解析：根据语境可知，Karen又被叫到血液中心去了，是因为她的骨髓可能会与某个人相匹配。A项意为“冒险”；B项意为“顾客”；C项意为“匹配”；D项意为“伙伴”。C项符合语境。故选C项。
15．A.race B．struggle
C．test D．write
A　解析：根据上文内容及语境可知，作者的妻子立刻开始配合回答相关问题，这是在与时间赛跑。A项符合语境。故选A项。
16．A.fixed B．finished
C．won D．shifted
C　解析：根据下文“Unluckily, it wasn’t.”及语境可知，作者多么希望这场比赛能赢，但是不幸的是，比赛没有赢。A项意为“修理，安排”；B项意为“完成”；C项意为“赢”；D项意为“转移，转换”。C项符合语境。故选C项。
17．A.rank B．sign
C．appear D．remain
D　解析：根据语境可知，打电话的人感谢Karen的参与，并询问了几个问题，包括她是否会继续留在捐献者名单上。A项意为“分类，等级”；B项意为“签名”；C项意为“出现”；D项意为“保留”。D项符合语境。故选D项。
18．A.move B．affect
C．create D．enrich
B　解析：根据语境可知，作者不知道自己的捐献可能会影响谁的生命。B项符合语境。故选B项。
19．A.stranger B．child
C．hero D．friend
A　解析：根据语境可知，接受捐献的对象最有可能会是一个陌生人。A项符合语境。故选A项。
20．A.waste B．save
C．kill D．take
D　解析：根据最后一段“I really do feel proud every time I donate. And I like the feeling.”可知，作者认为花费时间去做血液捐献是非常值得的。D项符合语境。故选D项。
Test 2
A Good Man
It’s a late Saturday afternoon in early March, and I am sweating in search of the only gift my son wants from Los Angeles: a __1__ to the homes of the stars such as Brad Pitt and Jet Li.
A cheerful taxi driver says，“No problem. Map sellers are everywhere！” When the taxi stops, a fellow __2__ with a thin folded sheet and says，“Ten dollars.”
Ten dollars! With absolute __3__， I inform him，“That’s too much.” The map man leaves. I begin walking, and I am certain I’ll find a(n) __4__ star map soon.
I am __5__. There’s hardly anybody on the street. There don’t seem to be many real stores, just cars and bars. No maps. No stars. Blocks pass. The sun begins to sink. At the edge of West Hollywood, __6__ fellow wanders ahead, selling star maps to some teenage girls.
Ten dollars __7__. Forget it. My son will __8__.
That night, I call my wife.She says，“Did you get one of those maps to the stars? He’s been talking about __9__ else.”
This __10__ is hard to ignore. It’s late. At all­night markets: no maps. I head back to the hotel. Morning is coming. There will be one last __11__. After I check out, I take a taxi. But at nine in the morning, map sellers are __12__ to be found.
“You know，” says the driver.“The guys with the maps just aren’t up yet！” He’s right.
“Forget it. Let’s go to the airport.”
“Well，” says the driver.“I could __13__ you one if you like.”
Sure. Trust this guy? I might as well throw cash onto the freeway. But exiting the taxi, I __14__ my last chance. I hand him $13 and my business card. Three weeks pass, I’ve __15__ on the star map. My son has stopped mentioning it.
Then one afternoon, sticking out from under piles of flyers, there it is: a big white envelope. There is a small note. I can hardly read it, __16__ I make out a few phrases—“forgive __17__，”“taxi’s been down，” and, finally，“here’s map for your son.” There’s no return address. It’s signed，“kind regards, M．”
I hold the note in my hand, __18__ what my son said to me when I got back from Los Angeles.
“Did you meet any __19__， Dad？” he asked.
Now I know what to tell him.
“Yes, I did. I met a guy named M．”
If you never __20__ anybody, you’ll never find the good guys.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了作者在洛杉矶时，想给儿子买一张通往明星之家的地图，结果因价格昂贵而错过了购买的机会。后来遇到了一个出租车司机主动提出要帮作者邮寄一张，当作者失望地等待了数周后准备放弃时，却收到了这张地图。作者想通过这件事告诉我们：如果你不相信任何人，那么你就永远都遇不到好人。
1．A.decoration B．map
C．book D．symbol
B　解析：根据第二段中的“No problem. Map sellers are everywhere！”及语境可知，此处表示一张通往明星之家的地图。故B项正确。
2．A.argues B．requests
C．competes D．approaches
D　解析：根据本句中的“a fellow ______ with a thin folded sheet”可知，当出租车停下来的时候，一个人拿着一张薄的折叠纸张走过来。A项意为“辩论”；B项意为“请求”；C项意为“竞争”；D项意为“靠近”。故D项正确。
3．A.assurance B．permission
C．anxiety D．bargain
A　解析：根据语境可知，作者确认完地图的价格后，认为十美元太贵了。A项意为“确信”；B项意为“许可”；C项意为“焦虑”；D项意为“交易”。故A项正确。
4．A.perfect B．inexpensive
C．proper D．detailed
B　解析：根据语境可知，作者开始步行，确信自己很快就能找到便宜的明星地图。A项意为“完美的”；B项意为“便宜的”；C项意为“适当的”；D项意为“详细的”。故B项正确。
5．A.shocked B．confused
C．impatient D．wrong
D　解析：根据下文“There’s hardly anybody on the street.”可知，大街上几乎没有人。由此可知，作者想错了。A项意为“震惊的”；B项意为“困惑的”；C项意为“不耐烦的”；D项意为“错误的”。故D项正确。
6．A.any B．some
C．another D．either
C　解析：根据下文中的“selling star maps to some teenage girls”及语境可知，在West Hollywood边缘，另一个卖地图的人走在前面，向一些十几岁的女孩售卖明星地图。A项意为“任何”；B项意为“一些”；C项意为“另一个”；D项意为“两者中的一个”。故C项正确。
7．A.still B．even
C．almost D．yet
A　解析：根据语境可知，此处的明星地图依然是售价十美元。故A项正确。
8．A.believe B．regret
C．understand D．admit
C　解析：根据上文中的“Forget it.”及语境可知，作者因为嫌贵没有买这张地图，他觉得儿子会理解的。故C项正确。
9．A.anything B．everything
C．something D．nothing
D　解析：根据上文“Did you get one of those maps to the stars？”可知，作者的妻子询问作者是否买到了地图，儿子除了这个什么都没有说。故D项正确。
10．A.idea B．news
C．change D．reason
B　解析：根据语境可知，妻子电话里传递的消息不能忽视。故B项正确。
11．A.try B．journey
C．action D．minute
A　解析：根据下文“After I check out, I take a taxi.”可知，作者离开了宾馆即将返程，所以这将是作者最后一次尝试买地图了。故A项正确。
12．A.everywhere B．somewhere
C．anywhere D．nowhere
D　解析：根据下文“The guys with the maps just aren’t up yet！”可知，在早上九点，地图卖家已经无处可寻了。故D项正确。
13．A.give B．mail
C．show D．spare
B　解析：根据下文“There’s no return address. It’s signed，‘kind regards, M．’”可知，信封上没有回信地址。由此可知，司机主动提出要给作者的儿子邮寄一张地图。故B项正确。
14．A.create B．recognize
C．deserve D．blow
B　解析：根据下文“I hand him $13 and my business card.”可知，当作者正要离开出租车的时候，作者意识到那是他最后得到地图的机会。A项意为“创造”；B项意为“意识到”；C项意为“应受”；D项意为“风吹”。故B项正确。
15．A.given up B．thrown doubts
C．refused offers D．dropped in
A　解析：根据语境可知，三周过去了，作者准备放弃得到明星地图的希望，作者的儿子也不再提起它了。A项意为“放弃”；B项意为“怀疑”；C项意为“拒绝”；D项意为“拜访”。故A项正确。
16．A.and B．or
C．but D．for
C　解析：根据上文中的“I can hardly read it”可知，作者几乎读不出来纸条上的字，但还是能辨认出来一些内容。故C项正确。
17．A.fault B．delay
C．carelessness D．rudeness
B　解析：根据上文中的“Three weeks pass”可知，这张地图三周之后才收到，司机因耽搁而感到抱歉。A项意为“缺点”；B项意为“耽搁”；C项意为“粗心”；D项意为“粗鲁”。故B项正确。
18．A.remembering B．reminding
C．reviewing D．realizing
A　解析：根据下文中的“Did you meet any ______，Dad？”可知，作者手里拿着字条，想起了从洛杉矶回来时儿子对他说的话。A项意为“记得”；B项意为“提醒”；C项意为“回顾，复习”；D项意为“意识到”。故A项正确。
19．A.admirers B．friends
C．stars D．heroes
C　解析：根据上文可知，儿子一直想要一张通往明星之家的地图。由此可知，此处表示儿子问作者是否见到了明星。故C项正确。
20．A.look up to B．turn to
C．have faith in D．agree with
C　解析：根据语境可知，在作者几乎要放弃的时候收到了司机承诺的地图。由此可知，如果你不相信任何人，那么你就永远都遇不到好人。A项意为“尊重”；B项意为“转向，求助于”；C项意为“信任”；D项意为“同意”。故C项正确。
Test 3
I received 3 missed calls from a number I didn’t recognize today. I __1__ it was something to do with an accident I had recently. I was ready to answer __2__ when the number called a 4th time. __3__， I was asked if I was Jessica and if I had __4__ anything. I said I didn’t think so and __5__ who it was.
It was a man called Darren who __6__ he was behind me in the shop this morning. As I was leaving, my purse __7__. He picked it up and __8__ to see where I had gone but he couldn’t see me any more. So he opened my purse and called the __9__ inside it.
I have just been to __10__ him to get my purse back, only to find out Darren is __11__ and lives rough in the streets of Cardiff. He even apologized as he said he had taken out some __12__ to call me to return my purse. But __13__ a few pounds used to contact me, everything was all still __14__. I admit that I wouldn’t have blamed him if he’d spent more of the __15__．
I felt __16__ that someone returned it, and that the person who returned it was someone who had __17__. It made me __18__ not only was I lucky that my purse was found by someone __19__， but that I was going to a warm home.
The __20__ would be a much better place with more kind people like Darren in it.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过作者的钱包失而复得的故事告诉我们：只要人人都能够善良对待他人，我们的世界将会变成更加美好的人间。
1．A.assumed B．promised
C．declared D．agreed
A　解析：根据语境可知，作者有三个来自同一号码的未接来电，作者认为(assumed)这和自己最近的一起事故有关。promise“许诺”；declare“宣布”；agree“同意”。
2．A.gently B．gratefully
C．humorously D．eagerly
D　解析：根据上文中的“I ______ it was something to do with an accident I had recently.”可知，作者渴望(eagerly)去接这通电话。gently“温和地”；gratefully“感激地”；humorously“幽默地”。
3．A.Often B．Instead
C．Still D．Besides
B　解析：根据上文可知，作者认为那通电话和自己的一起事故有关，但是接通电话后才知道并非如此。此处前后表示转折，故Instead“相反”符合语境。
4．A.explored B．bought
C．lost D．checked
C　解析：根据第二段和第三段的描述可知，Darren捡到了作者的钱包，因此他打电话问作者是否丢了(lost)什么东西。
5．A.forgot B．remembered
C．suspected D．asked
D　解析：根据语境可知，作者接电话时并不知道打电话的人是谁，因此作者问(asked)对方是谁。forget“忘记”；remember“记得”；suspect“怀疑”。
6．A.explained B．requested
C．repeated D．believed
A　解析：根据语境可知，Darren向作者解释(explained)了事情的经过。
7．A.broke B．failed
C．dropped D．disappeared
C　解析：根据语境可知，作者离开商店的时候钱包掉在(dropped)地上了。
8．A.walked away B．looked around
C．turned up D．got through
B　解析：根据语境并结合常识可知，Darren环顾(looked around)四周寻找作者。
9．A.card B．address
C．bill D．number
D　解析：根据语境可知，Darren找不到作者，于是打开作者的钱包，拨打了里面的号码(number)。
10．A.meet B．question
C．beg D．remind
A　解析：根据语境可知，通过电话后，作者去见(meet)Darren以拿回自己的钱包。
11．A.hopeful B．helpful
C．homeless D．speechless
C　解析：根据本句中的“lives rough in the streets of Cardiff”可知，Darren是一个无家可归的(homeless)人。
12．A.pictures B．change
C．tickets D．jewelry
B　解析：根据上文可知，Darren很穷，他不得不从作者的钱包里拿出一些零钱(change)给作者打电话。
13．A.in spite of B．in terms of
C．owing to D．apart from
D　解析：根据语境及该句中的“But”可推知，Darren除了(apart from)从作者的钱包里拿出几英镑和作者联系外，其余的东西都没动。
14．A.untouched B．unlimited
C．classified D．consumed
A　解析：参见上题解析。untouched“原封未动”符合语境。
15．A.time B．effort
C．cash D．energy
C　解析：作者承认，即使Darren从自己的钱包里多拿一些现金(cash)，作者也不会责怪他。
16．A.embarrassed B．surprised
C．worried D．relaxed
B　解析：作者的钱包丢了，有人捡到并归还给作者，而且这个人一无所有，这让作者感到惊讶(surprised)。
17．A.everything B．something
C．anything D．nothing
D　解析：参见上题解析。nothing“没有什么”符合语境。
18．A.realize B．consider
C．recall D．imagine
A　解析：根据语境可知，这件事让作者意识到(realize)自己是幸运的，因为自己丢失的钱包被一个诚实的(honest)人捡到，并且作者将回到一个温暖的家。
19．A.familiar B．polite
C．honest D．wise
C　解析：参见上题解析。
20．A.shop B．world
C．environment D．street
B　解析：根据语境可知，如果这个世界有更多像Darren这样善良的人存在的话，这个世界(world)将会是一个更好的地方。
完形填空——说明文、议论文[学生用书P141(单独成册)]
(建议用时：45分钟)
Test 1
(2019·江苏高三六校联考)September 22 is World Car­Free Day, a day on which people across the globe are encouraged to find __1__ methods to meet their transportation needs and re­discover buses, bikes, and their own __2__.
On this day, people get together in the streets, intersections, and neighborhood blocks to __3__ the world that we don’t have to accept our car­controlled society.
While __4__ along these lines had taken place from time to time starting __5__ the 1973 oil crisis, it was only in October, 1994 __6__ a structured call for such projects was __7__ in a keynote speech by Eric Britton at the International Accessible Cities Conference held in Toledo(Spain)．
The first national campaign was launched in Britain in 1997, and the French followed suit in 1998. In 2000, Car Busters issued an open __8__ for a “World Car­Free Day” to __9__ with Europe’s Car­Free Day on September 22.__10__ then, we have begun to call for citizens to organize __11__ on or near this day.
However, we do not want __12__ one day of celebrations and then return to __13__ life. World Car­Free Day is the __14__ time to remind city planners and politicians to __15__ cycling, walking and public transport. It is up to us, cities and governments to help __16__ permanent changes to __17__ pedestrians, cyclists and other people who do not drive cars.
While __18__ accomplishment has been achieved in terms of media coverage, these events __19__ to be difficult to achieve real success and even a decade later there is considerable uncertainty about the usefulness of this approach. Broad public support and __20__ to change is needed for successful implementation(执行)．
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了世界无车日的起源和发展，以及对我们生活的积极影响。
1．A.effective　　　　　　 B．efficient
C．useful D．alternative
D　解析：根据上文中的“World Car­Free Day”可知，世界无车日鼓励人们寻找替代的方式来满足交通需求。A项意为“有效的”；B项意为“有效率的”；C项意为“有用的”；D项意为“可替代的”。故选D。
2．A.legs B．motors
C．subway D．feet
D　解析：根据上文中的“meet their transportation needs”可知，人们可以选择自己步行。A项意为“腿”；B项意为“发动机”；C项意为“地铁”；D项意为“脚”。故选D。
3．A.recall B．remind
C．realize D．recommend
B　解析：根据下文中的“the world that we don’t have to accept our car­controlled society”可知，世界无车日旨在提醒世界我们不必接受由汽车控制的社会。A项意为“回忆”；B项意为“提醒”；C项意为“意识到”；D项意为“推荐”。故选B。
4．A.projects B．events
C．activities D．meetings
A　解析：根据下文中的“for such projects”可知，沿着这些路线的项目从1973年石油危机开始时不时地发生。A项意为“项目”；B项意为“事件”；C项意为“活动”；D项意为“会议”。故选A。
5．A.as B．on
C．with D．beyond
C　解析：根据下文中的“the 1973 oil crisis”可知，这些项目是从1973年的石油危机开始的。start with意为“从……开始”。A项意为“作为”；B项意为“在……上面”；C项意为“和……一起”；D项意为“超过”。故选C。
6．A.when B．that
C．where D．how
B　解析：根据上文中的“it was only in October, 1994”可知，此处是一个强调句，结构是“It was＋被强调部分＋that＋其余部分”。故选B。
7．A.undertaken B．submitted
C．developed D．issued
D　解析：根据上文中的“such projects”及下文中的“in a keynote speech”可知，在一次主题演讲中，此类项目发出有组织的呼吁。A项意为“承担”；B项意为“提交”；C项意为“发展”；D项意为“发布”。故选D。
8．A.answer B．call
C．wish D．longing
B　解析：根据上文中的“a structured call for such projects”可知，2000年，Car Busters公开呼吁“世界无车日”。A项意为“回答”；B项意为“呼吁，呼声”；C项意为“希望”；D项意为“愿望”。故选B。
9．A.connect B．involve
C．consist D．concern
C　解析：根据上文中的“September 22 is World Car­Free Day”与下文中的“on September 22”可知，2000年，Car Basters公开呼吁9月22日“世界无车日”与欧洲无车日保持一致。consist with意为“与……一致”。A项意为“联系”；B项意为“涉及”；C项意为“一致”；D项意为“关心”。故选C。
10．A.Since B．Before
C．After D．Right
A　解析：根据下文中的“we have begun to call for citizens to organize”可知，从那以后，我们开始呼吁市民在这天或邻近这天组织活动。A项意为“自从”；B项意为“在……之前”；C项意为“在……之后”；D项意为“恰好”。故选A。
11．A.events B．affairs
C．incidents D．accidents
A　解析：根据上文中的“call for citizens to organize”可知，我们开始呼吁市民组织活动。A项意为“事件，活动”；B项意为“事务”；C项意为“事情”；D项意为“事故”。故选A。
12．A.even B．still
C．just D．ever
C　解析：根据下文中的“one day of celebrations”可知，我们不想只有一天的庆祝。A项意为“甚至”；B项意为“仍然”；C项意为“只有，仅仅”；D项意为“曾经”。故选C。
13．A.usual B．previous
C．ordinary D．average
B　解析：根据上文中的“one day of celebrations and then return to”可知，经过一天庆祝后，就又回到之前的生活。A项意为“平常的”；B项意为“之前的”；C项意为“普通的”；D项意为“平均的”。故选B。
14．A.perfect B．limited
C．accurate D．correct
A　解析：根据下文的“to remind city planners and politicians to ______ cycling, walking, and public transport”可知，世界无车日是提醒城市规划者和政治家优先考虑自行车、步行和公共交通的最佳时机。A项意为“完美的”；B项意为“有限的”；C项意为“精确的”；D项意为“正确的”。故选A。
15．A.give way to B．give priority to
C．give rise to D．give in to
B　解析：根据下文中的“cycling, walking and public transport”可知，世界无车日是提醒城市规划者和政治家优先考虑自行车、步行和公共交通的最佳时机。A项意为“给……让路”；B项意为“优先考虑”；C项意为“产生”；D项意为“屈服，让步”。故选B。
16．A.employ B．decrease
C．create D．increase
C　解析：根据下文中的“permanent changes”可知，由我们、城市和政府来帮助创造永久性改变。A项意为“雇佣”；B项意为“减少”；C项意为“创造”；D项意为“增加”。故选C。
17．A.assist B．benefit
C．instruct D．influence
B　解析：根据下文中的“pedestrians, cyclists and other people who do not drive cars”可知，这个永久性改变使行人、骑自行车的人和其他不开车的人受益。A项意为“帮助”；B项意为“使受益”；C项意为“指导”；D项意为“影响”。故选B。
18．A.constant B．similar
C．envying D．considerable
D　解析：根据下文中的“accomplishment has been achieved in terms of media coverage”可知，媒体报道方面取得了相当大的成就。A项意为“连续的”；B项意为“相似的”；C项意为“嫉妒的”；D项意为“相当大的”。故选D。
19．A.turn out B．work out
C．carry out D．figure out
A　解析：根据下文中的“to be difficult to achieve real success”可知，虽然在媒体报道方面取得了相当大的成就，结果是，这些事件很难取得真正的成功。A项意为“结果是”；B项意为“锻炼，制定出”；C项意为“实施”；D项意为“弄明白”。故选A。
20．A.approach B．attitude
C．chance D．commitment
D　解析：根据下文中的“is needed for successful implementation(执行)”可知，成功的实施需要广泛的公众支持和对变革的投入。A项意为“靠近”；B项意为“态度”；C项意为“机会”；D项意为“承诺，投入”。故选D。
[长难句分析]　While projects along these lines had taken place from time to time starting with the 1973 oil crisis, it was only in October, 1994 that a structured call for such projects was issued in a keynote speech by Eric Britton at the International Accessible Cities Conference held in Toledo(Spain)．(第三段)
分析：本句是一个主从复合句，while引导让步状语从句。
译文：虽然从1973年石油危机开始，沿着这些路线进行的项目时不时地发生，但直到1994年10月，Eric Britton在Toledo(西班牙)举行的国际无障碍城市会议上的主题演讲中才发出了对这些项目有组织的呼吁。
Test 2
What I have learned with my three teens is this: when they are testing me and pushing the limits in a way that feels more aggressive than normal teenage behavior, this is when they need some extra love and __1__．
When our kids are young and aren’t able to __2__ how they are feeling, they typically behave in a way that makes it obvious that they are sad, __3__， or not feeling like themselves. We parents try __4__ to help them feel better, whatever it __5__. We won’t __6__ even though we can’t quite understand.
As they get __7__ and are able to talk and communicate, I think we raise our expectations a little bit too __8__—I’ve realized although they can talk and communicate and let us __9__ whether something is wrong, it doesn’t mean they will.
Not because they don’t always want to, __10__ teenagers seem to think they can __11__ it on their own; they think their __12__ won’t understand, or they are too embarrassed to come to us with their __13__ or talk about certain situations. But I’ve also had to realize when my teens are disrespectful, they might not know how to __14__ themselves. Even as a 43­year­old woman I still __15__ with finding the words or putting a name to my feelings. I mean my teens need me to __16__ them to tell me what’s wrong.
Teens, like all of us, are looking for bonding, so make sure we are __17__ time with them. This has to be face to face. If connecting with your teen by text messages feels easier, then start there, but don’t __18__ there. Put down your __19__ and look at your teen in the eyes to communicate too, and __20__ will take you and your teen’s relationship to another level.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了孩子小的时候，他们不能向父母表达自己的感受，就会通过明显的方式来表达自己的难过或不舒服，当他们长大时，他们又不愿意表达他们的感受；因此，父母要关注孩子的成长，及时有效地和孩子沟通。
1．A.complaint　　　　　　　 B．punishment
C．praise D．attention
D　解析：根据语境和上文中的“when they need some extra love and”可知，此处表示当他们需要额外的爱和关注时。
2．A.sing B．explore
C．communicate D．build
C　解析：根据语境可知，当孩子小的时候，他们不能表达自己的感受。communicate“传达，传递”。
3．A.uncomfortable B．delighted
C．excited D．energetic
A　解析：根据该句中的“they are sad, ______， or not feeling like themselves”，并结合语境可知，此处表示他们伤心、不舒服。
4．A.something B．everything
C．nothing D．anything
B　解析：根据下文中的“whatever it ______”可知，我们父母尽一切可能去帮助他们感觉好些，无论付出什么。
5．A.offers B．takes
C．makes D．calls
B　解析：参见上题解析。
6．A.give in B．give up
C．give off D．give out
B　解析：根据下文中的“even though we can’t quite understand”可知，尽管我们不是很明白，但我们不会放弃。
7．A.smaller B．stronger
C．older D．younger
C　解析：根据下文中的“are able to talk and communicate”可知，当他们年龄大一点时，他们能说能交流了。
8．A.high B．low
C．fast D．slow
A　解析：根据上文中的“we raise our expectations”并结合语境可知，此处表示我们把期望提得有点过高。
9．A.ask B．say
C．debate D．know
D　解析：根据语境可知，他们能说能交流了，能让我们知道是否事情出了差错。
10．A.because B．since
C．though D．but
D　解析：根据上文“Not because they don’t always want to”和空后的“teenagers seem to think they can ______ it on their own”可知，空处表转折，此处表示并不是因为他们不想，而是青少年认为他们能自己应付(handle)它。
11．A.handle B．hide
C．present D．expose
A　解析：参见上题解析。
12．A.friends B．parents
C．teachers D．teammates
B　解析：根据语境可知，他们认为他们的父母不会理解。
13．A.worries B．possibilities
C．explanations D．assumptions
A　解析：根据该句中的“they are too embarrassed to come to us with their ______”可知，他们因太尴尬而不愿带着担忧找父母。
14．A.push B．determine
C．express D．urge
C　解析：根据语境可知，他们也许不知道怎样表达自己。
15．A.argue B．work
C．struggle D．dream
C　解析：根据上文可知，孩子们也许不知道怎样表达自己，并结合该句可知，作为一个43岁的女士，找到合适的话语表达自己的感受对“我”来说仍然很难。
16．A.force B．encourage
C．refuse D．forbid
B　解析：根据语境可知，此处表示“我”的意思是孩子们需要“我”鼓励他们告诉“我”出了什么差错。
17．A.wasting B．killing
C．spending D．losing
C　解析：根据该句中的“we are ______ time with them”可知，此处表示确保花费时间和他们在一起。
18．A.stand B．hang
C．leave D．stop
D　解析：根据该句“If connecting with your teen... don’t ______ there.”可知，如果用手机信息和你的孩子沟通感觉更简单，就从那儿开始，但不能只停留在手机交流上。
19．A.magazines B．newspapers
C．books D．phones
D　解析：根据上文用手机短信和孩子沟通可知，此处表示放下你的手机，看着孩子的眼睛进行沟通。
20．A.connections B．adjustment
C．service D．disappointment
A　解析：根据后面的“take you and your teen’s relationship to another level”可知，沟通能让你和孩子的关系更进一层。
Test 3
Why Study History?
People live in the present.They plan for the __1__．History，however，is the study of the past.Given all the __2__ and pressures that come from living in the present and __3__ what is yet to come, why bother with what has happened？Given all the available branches of knowledge, why insist—as most__4__ systems do—on history？And why urge many students to study even more history than they are __5__ to?
Any subject of study needs __6__：supporters must explain why it is worth __7__．Like most widely accepted __8__，history attracts people who simply __9__ the information and modes of thought involved.But for people who are less interested in the subject and more __10__ about why they should bother with it, a clearer explanation of its purpose is required.
__11__ do not perform heart transplants，improve highway design, or arrest criminals.In a society that quite correctly expects education to serve __12__ purposes，history’s functions can seem more difficult to __13__ than those of engineering or medicine.History is in fact very useful, actually __14__， but the products of historical study are often less __15__ and immediate than those of other subjects.
History helps us understand people, societies and how they __16__．For example, how can we __17__ past wars and future threats without using historical materials？Unfortunately，major aspects of the society’s operation cannot be set up as precise experiments.__18__，history must serve, however imperfectly, as our __19__， helping us understand who we are and why we do what we do.This, fundamentally, is why we cannot __20__ history.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇议论文。很多人有这样的疑惑：我们所有的需求和压力都来自活在当下，以及对未来的预期，为什么还要在已经发生的事情上花费时间呢？虽然历史研究的成果往往不如其他学科那样立竿见影，但是，历史学科实际上是非常重要的，它能帮助我们了解我们是谁和我们为什么要做我们所做的事情。
1．A.process B．result
C．future D．environment
C　解析：根据该句中的“plan for”，并结合常识可知，人们为未来做计划。C项意为“未来”，故C项正确。A项意为“过程”；B项意为“结果”；D项意为“环境”。
2．A.causes B．demands
C．choices D．orders
B　解析：根据该句中的“and pressures that come from living in the present”并结合选项可知，空处与名词“pressures”对应，表示“来自活在当下的需求和压力”。B项意为“需求”，故B项正确。A项意为“原因”，C项意为“选择”，D项意为“次序”，都与语境不符。
3．A.avoiding B．fearing
C．celebrating D．anticipating
D　解析：根据上文的“They plan for the ______．”以及该句中的“______ what is yet to come”，并结合语境可知，此处是说对未来的预期。D项意为“预期”，故D项正确。A项意为“避免”，B项意为“恐惧”，C项意为“庆祝”，都与语境不符。
4．A.financial B．social
C．educational D．political
C　解析：根据下文中的“urge many students to study even more history”可知，我们总是敦促学生学习更多历史知识；结合该句中的“Given all the available branches of knowledge, why insist—as most ______ systems do—on history？”可知，考虑到所有可用的知识分支，为什么大多数教育体系坚持教授历史？C项意为“教育的”，符合语境。A项意为“财政的”，B项意为“社会的”，D项意为“政治的”，都与语境不符。
5．A.required B．invited
C．forced D．permitted
A　解析：根据该句“And why urge many students to study even more history than they are ______ to？”，并结合常识可知，此处表示为什么要敦促许多学生学习比他们被要求学习的还要多的历史呢？A项意为“要求”，故A项正确。B项意为“邀请”，C项意为“强迫”，D项意为“允许”，都与语境不符。
6．A.direction B．exploration
C．justification D．revolution
C　解析：根据该句“Any subject of study needs ______：supporters must explain why it is worth ______．”，并结合常识可知，任何学科的研究都需要正当的理由(justification)，支持者必须解释其值得关注(attention)的原因，故C项正确。A项意为“方向”，B项意为“探索”，D项意为“改革”，都与语境不符。
7．A.assessment B．attention
C．expectation D．mention
B　解析：参见上题解析。B项意为“关注”，故B项正确。A项意为“评估”；C项意为“期望”；D项意为“提及”。
8．A.subjects B．concepts
C．topics D．concerns
A　解析：根据该段第一句中的“subject”，并结合语境可知，该处指“大多数被普遍接受的学科”。A项意为“学科”，故A项正确。B项意为“概念”，C项意为“话题”，D项意为“忧虑”，都与语境不符。
9．A.provide B．receive
C．share D．like
D　解析：根据该句中的“history attracts people who simply ______ the information and modes of thought involved”并结合语境可知，历史吸引了喜欢这些信息以及相关的思维方式的人。D项意为“喜欢”，故D项正确。A项意为“提供”，B项意为“接受”，C项意为“分享”，都与语境不符。
10．A.doubtful B．worried
C．thoughtful D．certain
A　解析：根据该句中的“why they should bother with it”可知，此处表示对要花费时间学历史有疑问；结合全句内容可知，对于那些对这门学科不太感兴趣，而且对要花费时间学这门学科有疑问的人来说，需要更清楚地向他们解释学这门学科的目的。A项意为“怀疑的”，故A项正确。B项意为“担心的”，C项意为“思考的，深思的”，D项意为“肯定的”，都与语境不符。
11．A.Supporters B．Historians
C．Audiences D．Teachers
B　解析：根据上文可知，历史学科吸引了喜欢历史信息和相关思维方式的人；而对于对历史学科不太感兴趣的人来说，则需要更清楚地向他们解释学习这一学科的目的；并结合语境可知，该处说明历史学家的特点，并引出对上述问题的解释。B项意为“历史学家”，故B项正确。A项意为“支持者”；C项意为“观众”；D项意为“老师”。
12．A.public B．multiple
C．different D．useful
D　解析：根据该句中的“In a society that quite correctly expects education to serve ______ purposes”，并结合该段尾句中的“History is in fact very useful”和常识可知，社会期望教育有作用。D项意为“有用的”，故D项正确。A项意为“公共的”，B项意为“多种多样的”，C项意为“不同的”，都与语境不符。
13．A.define B．expect
C．satisfy D．ignore
A　解析：根据该句中的“history’s functions can seem more difficult to ______ than those of engineering or medicine”，并结合常识可知，历史学科的功能似乎比工程或医学学科的功能更难定义。A项意为“给下定义”，故A项正确。B项意为“预期”，C项意为“满足”，D项意为“忽视”，都与语境不符。
14．A.optional B．attractive
C．accessible D．essential
D　解析：根据该句中的“History is in fact very useful，actually ______”，并结合语境可知，空处和“very useful”对应，说明历史事实上是非常有用的，实际上是非常重要的。D项意为“极其重要的”，故D项正确。A项意为“可选择的”，B项意为“吸引人的”，C项意为“可进入的”，都与语境不符。
15．A.valuable B．interesting
C．instructive D．obvious
D　解析：根据该句中的“but the products of historical study are often less ______ and immediate than those of other subjects”可知，历史研究的成果往往不如其他学科的成果有明显的和即时的效果。D项意为“明显的”，故D项正确。A项意为“有价值的”，B项意为“有趣的”，C项意为“有教育意义的”，都与语境不符。
16．A.imagine B．behave
C．fight D．fade
B　解析：根据下文所举的例子，并结合该句“History helps us understand people，societies and how they ______.”可知，历史帮助我们了解人、社会以及他们是如何表现的。B项意为“表现”，故B项正确。A项意为“想象”，C项意为“战斗”，D项意为“褪色”，都与语境不符。
17．A.prevent B．remember
C．evaluate D．declare
C　解析：根据下文“Unfortunately, major aspects of the society’s operation cannot be set up as precise experiments”；并结合该句中的“how can we ______ past wars and future threats without using historical materials”可知，如果不使用历史资料，我们如何评估过去的战争和未来的威胁呢？C项意为“评估”，故C项正确。A项意为“阻止”；B项意为“记得”；D项意为“宣告”。
18．A.Consequently B．Alternatively
C．Fortunately D．Admittedly
A　解析：根据上文可知，社会运转的重要方面不能作为精确的实验来设置，并结合该句可知，因此，历史必须作为我们的实验室(laboratory)，帮助我们了解我们是谁和我们为什么要做我们所做的事情。A项意为“因此”，故A项正确。B项意为“或者”，C项意为“幸运地”，D项意为“公认地”，都与语境不符。
19．A.library B．laboratory
C．clinic D．museum
B　解析：参见上题解析。B项意为“实验室”，故B项正确。A项意为“图书馆”，C项意为“诊所”，D项意为“博物馆”，都与语境不符。
20．A.make up for B．give in to
C．get close to D．stay away from
D　解析：根据上文可知，历史帮助我们了解我们是谁和我们为什么要做我们所做的事情；据此可知，此处是说我们不能远离历史。D项意为“远离”，故D项正确。A项意为“弥补”，B项意为“屈服”，C项意为“接近”，都与语境不符。