全国统考2021高考英语一轮复习第2编语法突破专题十一情态动词和虚拟语气学案含解析
展开专题十一 情态动词和虚拟语气
1.(2019·天津高考，14)The workers were not better organized, otherwise they ________ (accomplish) the task in half the time.
答案：would have accomplished 此处表示与过去事实相反的假设，从句中用would have done sth.表示“本来能够做某事”。
2．(2019·江苏高考，31)What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we ________ (have) a good time together.
答案：would have had 句意：真遗憾！你错过了观光，否则我们在一起会玩得很开心。根据What a pity! You missed ... 以及or (否则)可知，此处是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，故用would have done结构。注意该句中的or代替if条件句表示含蓄的条件。
3．(2018·北京高考，12)In today's information age, the loss of data ________ cause serious problems for a company.
答案：can 句意：在当今信息时代，数据流失可能给公司导致严重的问题。can表示可能性。
4．(2018·天津高考，10)I can't find my purse. I ________ (leave) it in the supermarket yesterday, but I'm not sure.
答案：may/might have left 句意：我找不到我的钱包了。昨天我可能把它落在超市了，但我不确定。根据句中的时间状语“yesterday”可知，此处是对过去发生的事情的推测，需用“情态动词＋have done”；再根据句中的“but I'm not sure”可知，此处应用may/might have done表示对过去发生的事情不太肯定的推测。
5．(2018·北京高考，13)They ________ (find) a better hotel if they had driven a few more kilometers.
答案：might have found 句意：如果再往前开几公里，他们可能会找到更好的旅馆。表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，主句中用might have done。
6．(2018·江苏高考，24)It's strange that he ________ have taken the books without the owner's permission.
答案：should 句意：真奇怪，他竟然未经主人允许就把书拿走了。“should＋完成时”用来对“过去发生的情况”表示惊讶、意外等情绪，意为“竟然”。
7．(2017·天津高考，15)—Do you have Betty's phone number?
—Yes. Otherwise, I ________ (be) able to reach her yesterday.
答案：wouldn't have been 此处otherwise(否则)相当于一个含蓄条件状语从句，由yesterday可知，本句表示对过去的虚拟，此处表述“不然我昨天就联系不上她了”。由此可以判断主句用wouldn't have done。
8．(2017·天津高考，2)My room is a mess, but I ________ clean it before I go out tonight. I can do it in the morning.
答案：needn't 由but表示转折可知，房间虽然很乱，但是“不需要/没必要”打扫。
9．(2017·北京高考，21)Samuel, the tallest boy in our class, ________ easily reach the books on the top shelf.
答案：can 由句意可知表示能力，用can。
10．(2017·北京高考，34)If the new safety system ________ (put) to use, the accident would never have happened.
答案：had been put 表示对过去情况的虚拟，if从句用过去完成时；system与put之间是被动关系，所以用过去完成时的被动语态。
情态动词
一 情态动词的用法
二 need和dare的用法
三 情态动词后跟完成式用法
形式 | 用法 | 例句 |
must have done | 对过去的动作的肯定推测。表示肯定做过某事 | He isn't here. He must have missed the train. |
can't/couldn't have done | 表示对过去情况的否定推测 | Joe can't have left. I saw him just now. |
may/might have done | 表示对过去情况的不太肯定的推测。用于肯定句、否定句，但不用于疑问句。表示“可能”。might have done也用于虚拟语气句，表示未实现的动作 | You might have listened to me while I was talking to you. |
needn't have done | 表示过去没有必要做，但实际上做了 | You needn't have waken me up so early. It's Sunday today. |
ought to/should have done | 表示过去本应该……，而实际上并未做 | I should have finished the work earlier. |
would have done | 表示本应该……，而未…… | I was busy that day. Otherwise I would have gone there with them. |
could have done | 表示本来可以做，但是没有做 | You could have stayed with Babara. |
虚拟语气
一 虚拟语气在if条件从句中的用法
续表
二 虚拟语气在其他从句中的用法
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2019·广东省实验中学高三第一次月考)You ________ (tell) me about it earlier. If I had known the truth, I would have helped her out.
答案：should/ought to have told 句意：你本应该早点告诉我的。如果我知道真相，我会帮助她走出困境的。过去本应做某事而没做，要用should/ought to have done。
2．Ellen is a fantastic dancer. I wish I ________ (dance) with her.
答案：danced wish后跟宾语从句时，从句中需要用虚拟语气，从句中用所给动词的过去式表示对现在情况的虚拟。
3．I recommend that you ________ (try) Baihe.com.
答案：(should) try recommend, suggest, request, command等表示建议、命令的词后面的宾语从句应使用虚拟语气，即“should＋动词原形”，should可省略。
4．You ________ be Carol. You haven't changed a bit after all these years.
答案：must 句意：你一定是卡罗。你这么多年来一点变化都没有。must “一定”，表示对现在情况的肯定推测，符合句意。
5．—Did you enjoy your trip?
—Yes. But for your advice, we ________ (not enjoy) our stay in London half as much.
答案：wouldn't have enjoyed but for “要不是……”，常表示对过去情况的虚拟，此时主句的谓语动词常用would have done。
6．(2020·河北省衡水中学全国高三第一次联合考试)He would ________ (like) to represent his country in the 1984 Winter Olympics, but there were a large number of downhill competitors, and Edwards didn't qualify.
答案：have liked 句意：他本想代表他的国家参加1984年的冬季奥运会，但有大量的速降选手，爱德华兹没有获得参赛资格。根据本句后面的“Edwards didn't qualify”可知，爱德华兹没有成功获得参赛资格，故用“would＋have＋done”虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反的假设，意思是“本来会做”。
7．Why ________ he have asked you such a question?
答案：should should可用在从句或者主句中，带有感情色彩，意为“竟然”。句意：他怎么竟然会问你这样的问题？
8．I ________ have worried before I came to the new school, for my classmates here are very friendly to me.
答案：needn't needn't have done ... 表示“本不必做某事却做了”。
9．She ________ not have heard you when you greeted her.
答案：may/might 此处表述“可能没有”且是对过去情形的假设，故填may/might。
10．If we ________ (take) another road, we wouldn't have been stuck in the traffic jam for so long.
答案：had taken 表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，条件从句中的谓语动词用过去完成时。
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．He commanded that all the gates shut when it was getting dark in case thieves came in.
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答案：shut前加(should) be command “命令，要求”，后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，即谓语动词用“should do sth.”，其中should 可以省略。此处gates与shut构成被动关系，应用被动语态。
2．He walked in as if he bought the school, and the word quickly got around that he was from New York City.
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答案：bought前加had 由句意可知as if引导的方式状语从句应用虚拟语气，与过去事实相反，谓语动词用“had＋过去分词”。
3．(2019·贵州省遵义航天高级中学高三一模)What I want to emphasize is that no one must succeed without hard work and concentration.
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答案：must→can 句意：我想强调的是不努力学习和专心致志，任何人都不会成功的。can表示能够，must “必须”。根据句意，应把must改为can。
4．I would rather you visit the Beihai Park with us tomorrow. It's one of the oldest and most authentically preserved imperial gardens in China.
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答案：visit→visited would rather后面的宾语从句中，表示与现在或者将来事实相反的假设用一般过去时。
5．(2019·南京市高三学情调研考试)Mr Wills, who was being helped up onto the platform to take the prize, looked as if he has just been struck by lightning.
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答案：has→had 句意：威尔斯先生被扶上了讲台，接受了这个奖项，他看起来就像是被闪电击中了一样。此处as if(好像)引导方式状语从句，用虚拟语气，与过去的事实相反，用过去完成时，故把has改为had。
