全国统考2021高考英语一轮复习第2编语法突破专题三名词性从句学案含解析
展开专题三 名词性从句
1.(2019·全国卷Ⅰ，61)While they are rare north of 88°， there is evidence ________ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada.
答案：that 分析句子结构可知，所填词引导同位语从句，解释说明evidence的具体内容，从句中不缺少成分且意义完整，故用that引导。
2．(2019·江苏高考，25)Scientists have obtained more evidence ________ plastic is finding its way into the human body.
答案：that 句意：科学家已经获得了更多的证据，证明塑料正在进入人体。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导同位语从句，解释说明evidence的具体内容，从句中不缺成分，故用that引导。
3．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ，61)I'm not sure ________ is more frightened, me or the female gorilla (大猩猩) that suddenly appears out of nowhere.
答案：who 分析句子结构可知，宾语从句中缺少句子的主语，由下文“me or the female gorilla (大猩猩)”可知，作者不确定自己和大猩猩谁更害怕，故填who。
4．(2018·北京高考，11)Without his support, we wouldn't be ________ we are now.
答案：where 句意：如果没有他的支持，我们不可能有今天的地位。结合句意可知，应用where引导该表语从句，表示抽象概念。
5．(2018·北京高考，15)This is ________ my father has taught me—to always face difficulties and hope for the best.
答案：what 这是一个表语从句，从句中动词teach缺少直接宾语，应用what引导。
6．(2018·江苏高考，21)By boat is the only way to get here, which is ________ we arrived.
答案：how 句意：乘船是到这儿来的唯一方式，我们就是坐船来的。how引导表语从句，在从句中作方式状语。
7．(2017·天津高考，4)She asked me ________ I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadn't.
答案：whether 句意：她问我是否已经把书还给图书馆了，我承认还没还。设空处连接宾语从句，且在句中意为“是否”，故填whether。
8．(2017·北京高考，23)Every year, ________ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.
答案：whoever 句意：每年，任何一个做出最漂亮的风筝的人将会在风筝节获奖。“________ makes the most beautiful kite”是主语从句，连接词在从句中作主语，意为“无论谁”，故填whoever。
9．(2017·北京高考，26)Jane moved aimlessly down the treelined street, not knowing ________ she was heading.
答案：where 句意：简漫无目的地走在树木林立的街道上，不知道将去何方。“________ she was heading”是宾语从句，由heading可知，应填where。
10．(2017·江苏高考，26)We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20, half of ________ it used to charge.
答案：what 本句中，of后接宾语从句，连接词作charge的宾语，表示以前收取的费用，因此用what引导该宾语从句。
名词性从句的句法功能相当于名词词组，在句中充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等。因此名词性从句又分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
连接词归类
类别 | 功能 | 引导词 |
从属连词 | 只起连接作用，不充当句子成分 | that, whether, if |
连接代词 | 起连接作用，并充当主语、宾语、表语或定语 | who, whom, whose, which, what, whatever, whichever, whoever |
连接副词 | 起连接作用，并在从句中作状语 | when, where, how, why, whenever, wherever |
一 主语从句的注意事项
二 宾语从句的注意事项
三 表语从句的注意事项
表语从句常位于连系动词be, look, remain, seem等之后，其连接词还可以有as if/though, because等。
四 同位语从句的注意事项
同位语从句是在主从复合句中，解释说明某一抽象名词内容和实质的从句。同位语从句一般由that引导，that不作句子成分，无语义，但也不可省略，也可由连接代词(如what, which, who)、连接副词(如when, where, why, how)或whether引导。
| 考点 | 用法 | 例句 |
1 | 同位语从句的功能 | 解释说明抽象名词(如belief, fact, hope, idea, doubt, news, conclusion, suggestion, information等)的具体内容 | ①The king's decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people. ②The order that all the soldiers should stay still was given by the general. |
2 | 同位语从句在句子中的位置 | 有时可以不紧跟在它所解释说明的名词后面，被别的词隔开 | He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off. |
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2020·山西省祁县中学高三月考)We don't respect ________ we think is better than us.
答案：who 空格处引导宾语从句，在从句中作主语，且主语是人，we think是插入语，不影响句子结构，故应填who。句意：我们不尊重那些我们认为比我们优秀的人。
2．The news ________ our team has won the game is true.
答案：that 句意：我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的。that引导同位语从句，在句中只起连接作用，无具体词义，用来解释说明news的具体内容。
3．________ impressed the tourists most was the peaceful atmosphere and the friendly people there.
答案：What 句意：给游客们印象最深的是那里和平的氛围和友好的人们。设空处引导主语从句，在从句中作主语，且表示“所……的事/物”，应用What。
4．If you think that treating a kid well means always giving him ________ he wants, you are totally wrong.
答案：what 句意：如果你认为对一个孩子好就意味着总是给他想要的，那你就错了。设空处引导宾语从句，在句中作宾语，应用what。
5．My wallet is no longer in use. I can buy ________ I want simply with WeChat Pay.
答案：whatever 句意：我不再使用钱包了。我可以用微信支付购买我所需要的任何东西。whatever引导宾语从句，在从句中作动词want的宾语。
6．(2019·广东省五校高三联考)In Japan, it is recognized that the best communication is ________ you don't speak at all.
答案：when 句意：在日本，人们公认的最好的交流是你什么也不说。根据语境可知，此处填when，引导表语从句。
7．Magic shows are entertaining as long as the audience does not discover ________ the tricks are done.
答案：how 句意：魔术是有趣的，只要观众没有发现是如何变魔术的。设空处引导宾语从句，在从句中作方式状语，故用how。
8．________ is willing to volunteer in the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics is welcome to join us.
答案：Whoever 句意：欢迎任何愿意在2022年北京冬奥会当志愿者的人加入我们的队伍。whoever引导主语从句，在从句中作主语，相当于anyone who。
9．—Could you tell me ________ the train from New York will be arriving on time?
—Yes, sir. It should be arriving in 10 minutes.
答案：whether/if 句意：——你能告诉我从纽约来的火车能否准点到达？——是的，先生。再过10分钟就会到达。表示“是否”用whether/if。
10．Do you know why I recommend this book to you? It's ________ it can inspire you to push forward when in trouble.
答案：because 句意：你知道我为什么给你推荐这本书吗？那是因为当你在困境中时它可以让你奋然前行。此处解释原因，用because引导表语从句。
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live.
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答案：that→where 由句子结构可知，介词to之后为宾语从句。从句谓语是不及物动词live。故用where引导。
2．The summer holiday is coming. My classmates and I are talking about how to do during the holiday.
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答案：how→what 根据语境可知，“我”和同学们正在谈论假期里做什么。固定表达：what to do, how to do sth.。
3．(2019·河北省衡水中学高三二调考试)There is a good news what an exhibition of ancient Chinese inventions will be held in our school next Monday.
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答案：what→that 句意：有一个好消息，下周一中国古代发明展览将在我校举行。解释前面的news的内容，that引导同位语从句。
4．That Li Bai, a great Chinese poet, was born is known to the public, but some won't accept it.
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答案：That→Where 主语从句中缺少状语，表地点，因此需用where引导。
5．I think that impresses me about his painting is the colours he uses.
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答案：that→what I think后的宾语从句中缺少主语，指物，故用what。
