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上海市杨浦区2020届高三英语一模试卷
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杨浦区2019学年度第一学期高三模拟质量调研
英语学科试卷 2019. 12
考生注意：
1. 考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分。
2. 本次考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。所有答題必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
3. 务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上。
I. Listening Comprehension
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. A. At a bakery. B. At a cheese market.
C. At a restaurant. D. At a salad counter.
2. A. Packing her stuff. B. Sorting out her clothes.
C. Cleaning her suitcase. D. Saving closet space.
3. A. He was involved in a hit-and-run accident.
B. He was needed in an accident investigation.
C. He witnessed the police giving a statement.
D. He got stuck in traffic due to an accident.
4. A. He misses the old times when he could go to the pubs after work.
B. He thinks he is lucky to enjoy the advantages of the living arrangement.
C. He thinks it difficult for him to get used to the life in the countryside.
D. He actually prefers relaxation in the country to excitement in the city.
5. A. $15. B. $24. C. $27. D. $30.
6. A. He forgot to put up the “Wet Floor” sign.
B. He spilled something and didn’t clean it up.
C. He slipped on the floor and injured himself.
D. He failed to explain the cause of the accident.
7. A. Doctor and patient. B. Teacher and student. C. Trainer and athlete. D. Father and daughter.
8. A. Neil and his wife had a big fight last weekend.
B. Neil’s wife was good at tidying up the house.
C. Neil enjoyed organizing his books on the shelves.
D. Neil felt unhappy about seeing efforts wasted.
9. A. The course will be more difficult than was expected.
B. It is important to keep thinking about the course.
C. Every accounting student will be awarded a certificate.
D. The certificate will make all the hard work worthwhile.
10. A. He counts on his relatives to get him a good gift.
B. The Harry Potter glasses are not really what he wanted.
C. Good Christmas gifts take much thought to prepare.
D. His aunt is a considerate and thoughtful lady.
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
11. A. Most of the electronic headbands sold online had turned out fakes.
B. The headband was too expensive for the ordinary household.
C. Complaints had been received that the headbands caused headaches.
D. There had been a mixed reaction among different parties involved.
12. A. Its hidden device functions to keep students relaxed.
B. It informs teachers and parents of students’ study scores.
C. It changes color based on the focus level of its wearers.
D. It helps determine the wearer’s overall intellectual capability.
13. A. Unauthorized access to students’ private data.
B. Lack of accuracy of the gathered information.
C. The psychological burden upon the family.
D. Negative impact on students’ physical well-being.
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
14. A. Criminal investigation. B. Marine biology.
C. Underwater landscaping. D. Shipwreck Analysis.
15. A. He managed to identify all the crews killed in the wreck.
B. He worked with the police to track down the dishonest businessman.
C. He produced the evidence that the ship had been bombed on purpose.
D. He proved that one of the crew had planted a bomb on the ship.
16. A. He worked briefly with the Navy before becoming a shipwreck hunter.
B. The first shipwreck he located was a British battleship called HMS Hood.
C. Every life lost in the shipwreck was marked with a tablet by him and his team.
D. His hunger for fame inspired him to follow the path of wreck-hunting.
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.
17. A. Incorrect number of delivered items.
B. Substandard quality of the bought goods.
C. Limited supplies of marketed goods.
D. Delayed delivery of the purchased silver.
18. A. She listened to a radio program. B. She visited the British Museum.
C. She conducted a related survey. D. She worked at Customer Service.
19. A. Most of the customer complaints are related to tourist industry.
B. Telecommunication is generally underfunded and understaffed.
C. The majority of dissatisfied customers complain by phone or by letter.
D. Putting a complaint on social media doesn’t help solve the problem.
20. A. He is embarrassed that so many British are complaining.
B. He is doubtful whether we should complain on social media.
C. He will seriously consider making a complaint if he has to.
D. He is unlikely to complain even if he gets bad service at a restaurant.
II. Grammar and vocabulary
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Killer Rabbits
You’d never think of rabbits as dreadful, destructive creatures, would you? Rabbits are cute and loveable. However, Australians discovered (21) ________ harm these cute creatures can do the hard way.
Rabbits were introduced to Australia in 1788 as food animals. By 1827, they were running around large estates, and in 1859, disaster struck. A man released 12 wild rabbits onto his property for hunting and he (22) ________ have thought that was harmless fun. But Australia has no predators（捕食者）(23) ________(adapt) to killing rabbits and none of the diseases that kept their populations (24) ________ control in Europe. The loose rabbits bred like, well, rabbits, and began to take over the countryside. Within a few decades, there were millions. By 1950, there were 600 million rabbits in Australia.
Six hundred million hungry rabbits could do real harm. They caused more damage than any other species introduced to the continent. They ate native plant species (25) ________ they disappeared. They competed for food and shelter with native animals. They caused the extinction or endangerment of numerous plant and animal species. And they were a nightmare for cattle and sheep farmers, (26) _________ animals couldn't get enough grass to eat and starved.
The rabbits did some good, of course. They provided food for poor families. They supported fur industries. But their impact on the environment and major livestock economy was too negative (27) ________ (ignore). People tried trapping them. They even built a huge wall against them. But (28) ________ (effective) weapon was a virus.
(29) _________ (test) multiple times, the deadly myxoma virus was released on Australia's rabbits in 1950. The virus had been developed very carefully to affect only rabbits. Nearly 100 percent of the rabbits who caught the disease (30) ________ (die). Populations fell. It was a huge success. Cattle and sheep farming recovered gradually, and threatened plants were better protected. Eventually, rabbits became resistant to the virus.
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. string B. contained C. representing D. detailing E. scientific
F. currents G. recovered H. encountered I. estimated J. instructions K. decoration
Bottle Found at Sea Used for Scientific Purpose
Combing the beach for shells, sea glass, or colorful rocks is a leisure activity enjoyed by many. Some even use metal detectors to find buried treasure or other objects. Only the lucky few have ___31___ a message in a bottle that was dropped off by the tide. The tradition of putting a letter to an unknown recipient into a bottle and throwing it into the ocean has an interesting past. An early ___32___ use for the practice was revealed when the oldest recorded message in a bottle was found by Tonya on a beach near Wedge Island, Australia.
Tonya was on a family outing when she noticed the antique glass bottle in the sand and thought it would make a nice ___33___. While she was cleaning the sandy gin bottle, a rolled up paper tied with a ___34___ fell out. The damp page was a message written in German and dated June 12, 1886. According to official documents from the German sailing vessels, Paula, a crew member tossed the bottle overboard a(n) ___35___ 950 km off the coast of Western Australia. Further research authenticated（验证）the letter, which had been sent afloat 132 years ago and is the oldest message in a bottle ever ___36___.
Historians confirm that thousands of similar bottles were cast overboard by German ships between 1864 and 1933. And ___37___ inside were official documents written by the captain of the ship, ___38___ routes, coordinates, and other information. These early messages in a bottle were an attempt by the German Naval Observatory to map ocean ___39___ around the world.
On the back of the notes were ___40___ to write the time and place the bottles were found and return them to the German Naval Observatory in Hamburg or the nearest German authorities. Using this information for reference was an early system of studying patterns in nature and the vast ocean in particular.
III. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
A star athlete stopped by my office and she was eaten up by self-criticism after committing a few errors during a weekend match. “I’m at peak __41__ and I practise hard. How is this happening?” This student, like many I teach, believes she should be able to __42__ the outcomes of her life by virtue of her hard work.
I study and write about resilience（复原力）, and I’m noticing a(n) __43__ increase in students like this athlete. When they win, they feel powerful and smart. When they fall short of what they imagine they should ___44___, however, they are crushed by self-blame.
We talk often about young adults struggling with failure because their parents have protected them from ___45___. But there is something else at play among the most advantaged in particular: a ___46___ promise that they can achieve anything if they are willing to work for it.
Psychologists have sourced this phenomenon to a misapplication of “mind-set” research, which has found that praising children for ___47___ will increase academic performance. Developed by Stanford psychologist Carol Dweck, mind-set education has spread across classrooms worldwide. But a 2018 analysis found that while praising hard work over ability may benefit economically disadvantaged students, it does not ___48____ help everyone.
One possible explanation comes from Nina Kumar, who argued in a research paper last year that for teens in wealthy, pressure-cooker communities, “It is not a ___49___ of motivation and perseverance that is the big problem. ___50____, it is unhealthy perfectionism and difficulty with backing off when they should, when the fierce drive for achievements is over the top.” This can ___51___ physical and emotional stress. In a 2007 study, psychologists Gregory Miller determined that adolescent girls who refused to give up the ___52___ goals showed elevated levels of CRP, a protein that serves as a marker of systemic inflammation（炎症） linked to diabetes, heart disease and other medical conditions.
The cruel reality is that you can do everything in your power and still fail. This knowledge comes early to underrepresented minorities whose experience of discrimination（歧视）and inequality teaches them to ___53___ what is, for now, largely beyond their control to change. Yet for others, the belief that success is always within their grasp is a setup. Instead of allowing our kids to beat themselves up when things don’t go their way, we should all question a culture that has taught them that how they perform for others is more important than what ___54___ inspires them and that where they go to college matters more than the kind of person they are. We should be wise to remind our kids that life has a way of disappointing us when we least ___55___ it. It’s often the people who learn to say “stuff happens” who get up the fastest.
41. A. coolness B. fitness C. goodness D. readiness
42. A. control B. change C. adjust D. celebrate
43. A. amusing B. inspiring C. troubling D. touching
44. A. apply B. approve C. appreciate D. accomplish
45. A. disbelief B. disagreement C. discovery D. discomfort
46. A. bright B. false C. general D. flexible
47. A. virtue B. ability C. effort D. status
48. A. originally B. obviously C. necessarily D. regularly
49. A. choice B. command C. display D. lack
50. A. Instead B. Otherwise C. Therefore D. However
51. A. result from B. apply for C. associate with D. lead to
52. A. immoral B. impersonal C. impossible D. impolite
53. A. challenge B. accept C. assess D. inquire
54. A. plainly B. probably C. immediately D. actually
55. A. exhibit B. expect C. establish D. recognize
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
David Miles, an Australian inventor has been accused of cheating desperate farmers by charging up to $50,000 Australian dollars for delivering rain on demand without so much as explaining the technology behind his business.
On the official Miles Research website, Miles explains that in the 1990’s he realized that it was possible to influence weather patterns by creating a bridge between ‘the present’ and a ‘near-future event’ in the physical space-time continuum. He found that by applying small amounts of energy intelligently, even a large, messy weather system approaching from the future could be eased.
While somewhat fascinating, Miles’ explanation does little to explain how he is able to bring rainfall to the lands of farmers. He makes references to famous but debatable concepts like “the butterfly effect”. “We were advised against patenting because it’s basically exposing how it works. There are a lot of big companies that invest in hunting out patents,” Miles said. “I understand the doubts, the only other way is to fully prove up our science and physics. If we did that, we’ll lose it, it will be taken up as a national security interest and it’ll then be weaponized.”
Miles’ claims raised suspicions for obvious reasons, including a since-deleted section of his company website, which claimed that his technology used “electromagnetic scalar waves”, which scientists say don’t even exist.
The Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (ACCC) has warned people against doing business with him, but the Australian inventor claims the ACCC is only trying to defame him and his company, as in reality they are success based – if it doesn’t rain, they don’t get paid.
“Consumers signed the agreement that if by the end of June they receive 100mm, they pay $50,000, if they only receive 50mm, they would only pay $25,000. Anything under half, we don’t want to be paid,” Miles said of a handful of Wimmera farmers who agreed to take him up on his offer to deliver rain.
Believe it or not, one of the farmers who paid David Miles for his so-called rain-making capabilities told ABC Radio that he was quite happy with the results.
56. David Miles claims to be capable of ________.
A. influencing the weather system
B. predicting the future events
C. reducing the atmospheric temperature
D. easing the gravitational energy
57. ACCC issued warning against doing business with Miles because ________.
A. he charged too much for the services provided
B. there was no solid science to back up his technology
C. his practice was a threat to national security interest
D. he didn’t officially patent his technology with ACCC
58. According to Miles, how much will he be paid if the farmers receive 15mm of rain?
A. $50,000. B. $25,000. C. $12,500. D. $0.
59. What can be inferred from the passage?
A. Miles needed safer facilities for his business.
B. Miles brought about good crops as expected.
C. Miles wasn’t discouraged by the critics.
D. Miles was arrested by the local police.
(B)
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60. To have a Stannah stairlift installed, one needs to__________.
A. remodel one’s living room B. schedule an in-home assessment
C. ensure constant power supply D. order a special stairway
61. Jenny may use the Coupon（优惠券） to save some money only if she __________.
A. rents the model advertised on Boston Globe
B. pays for the Stannah model which is on sale
C. purchases one brand new Stannah stairlift
D. publishes post-sale reviews on Trustpilot
62. Which statement is TRUE about Stannah stairlift mentioned in the advertisement?
A. It promises to regularly check on the old people who live independently.
B. It can be installed easily by following instructions in the brochure.
C. It provides fast and free repair services by professional technicians.
D. It offers an alternative to old people who don’t want to be relocated.
(C)
How and why, roughly 2 million years ago, early human ancestors evolved large brains and began fashioning relatively advanced stone tools, is one of the great mysteries of evolution. Some researchers argue these changes were brought about by the invention of cooking. They point out that our bite weakened around the same time as our larger brains evolved, and that it takes less energy to absorb nutrients from cooked food. As a result, once they had mastered the art, early chefs could invest less in their digestive systems and thus invest the resulting energy savings in building larger brains capable of complex thought. There is, however, a problem with the cooking theory. Most archaeologists (考古学家) believe the evidence of controlled fire stretches back no more than 790,000 years.
Roger Summons of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology has a solution. Together with his team, he analyzed 1.7 million-year-old sandstones that formed in an ancient river at Olduvai Gorge in Tanzania. The region is famous for the large number of human fossils（化石）that have been discovered there, alongside an impressive assembly of stone tools. The sandstones themselves have previously yielded some of the world’s earliest complex hand axes -- large tear-drop-shaped stone tools that are associated with Homo erectus（直立人）. Creating an axe by repeatedly knocking thin pieces off a raw stone in order to create two sharp cutting edges requires a significant amount of planning. Their appearance is therefore thought to mark an important moment in intellectual evolution. Trapped inside the Olduvai sandstones, the researchers found distinctive but unusual biological molecules（分子）that are often interpreted as biomarkers for heat-tolerant bacteria. Some of these live in water between 85°C and 95°C. The molecules’ presence suggests that an ancient river within the Gorge was once fed by one or more hot springs.
Dr. Summons and his colleagues say the hot springs would have provided a convenient “pre-fire” means of cooking food. In New Zealand, the Maori have traditionally cooked food in hot springs, either by lowering it into the boiling water or by digging a hole in the hot earth. Similar methods exist in Japan and Iceland, so it is plausible, if difficult to prove, that early humans might have used hot springs to cook meat and roots. Richard Wrangham, who devised the cooking theory, is fascinated by the idea. Nonetheless, fire would have offered a distinct advantage to humans, once they had mastered the art of controlling it since, unlike a hot spring, it is a transportable resource.
63. All of the following statements can support the cooking theory EXCEPT ________.
A. cooking enabled early humans to invest less in digestive system
B. cooking enabled early humans to devote more energy to building big brains
C. our brain became larger around the same time our digestive system weakened
D. the controlled fire wasn’t mastered until about 790,000 years ago
64. The presence of biological molecules was important because ________.
A. they suggested a possible means of cooking without fire
B. they cast light on how early Homo erectus lived
C. they provided a convenient way of studying stone tools
D. they made studies of pre-historic cultures possible
65. The underlined word “plausible” probably means ________.
A. noticeable B. applicable C. reasonable D. affordable
66. What may be the conclusion of the study by Dr. Summons and his colleague?
A. Early humans were capable of making complex stone tools.
B. Hot springs help explain how human brains got so big.
C. Homo erectus were adaptable to tough and complex territories.
D. Human brains are highly advanced as shown by their size.
Section C
Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
A. Those with a slower pace also scored less well in physical exercises such as hand-grip strength and biological markers of good health.
B. There are already signs in early life of who would become the slowest walkers.
C. In fact, based on a new series of experiments, they now believe the slower a person’s tendency to walk, the less able their brain.
D. Brain scanning during their final assessment at 45 showed the slower walkers tended to have lower total brain volume and less brain surface area.
E. Until now, however, no one knew it could signify underlying brain health so much earlier in life.
F. Researchers performed walking speed analysis on hundreds of middle-aged people, comparing their psychological results.
Slower Walkers Have Slower Minds, Scientists Reveal
Of all human activities, few are so readily credited with enhancing the power of the mind as going for a good walk. However, those who assume that strolling along at a gentle pace is the symbol of superior intellect should think again, scientists have said. __________67_________
Doctors have long used walking speed to gain a quick and reliable understanding of older people’s mental capability, as it is increasingly recognized that pace is associated with not only muscular strength but also the central nervous system. __________68_________The relationship was so obvious, however, that the US scientists now say walking tests could be used to provide an early indication of dementia（痴呆）.
Published in the Journal of the American Medical Association, the study revealed an average difference of 16 IQ points between the slowest and the fastest walkers at the age of 45. This reflected both the participants’ natural walking speed and the pace they achieved when asked to walk as fast as they could. __________69_________ Actually, slower walkers were shown to have “speeded aging” on a 19-measure scale devised by researchers, and their lungs, teeth and immune systems tended to be in worse shape than the people who walked faster.
The 904 New Zealand men and women who were tested at 45 were tracked from the age of three, each undergoing multiple tests over the years. The long-term data collection enabled researchers to establish that kids with lower IQ scores, lower linguistic ability and weaker emotional control tended to have slower walking speeds by middle age.__________70__________.
The research team said genetic factors may explain the link between walking speed, brain capacity and physical health or that better brain health might promote physical activity, leading to better walking speed. Some of the differences in health and intellect may be the result of lifestyle choices individuals have made.
IV. Summary Writing
Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
The Psychology of Spending
Dr. Thomas Gilovich, psychology professor at Cornell University, has studied the psychology of spending for over 20 years. According to Dr. Gilovich, “We buy things to make us happy, and we succeed, but only for a while. New things are exciting to us at first, but then we adapt to them.” In other words, once the freshness of our newest purchase wears off, we begin looking for something else to buy to make us happy.
Dr. Gilovich found that our satisfaction with possessions fades over time. Yet our happiness over things we've experienced increases. For that reason, he has concluded that we are spending our money on the wrong things. A study out of San Francisco State University agrees. The research showed that those people who spent money on experiences instead of possessions were happier. They also thought their money was better invested.
To begin with, activities like a trip, adventure, hobby, etc. tend to bring the participants together and unite them over a shared interest. According to Gilovich, “We consume experiences directly with other people.” As a result, these experiences typically create a positive link and good feelings toward the other person or people.
Besides, your experience shows others who you are and what you are. For example, you might be someone who loves taking cooking classes. More than likely, you'll become known by friends and family as a great cook. They won't know you as someone who owns the latest kitchen equipment.
Lastly, planned experiences are frequently something we look forward to. Then when the moment arrives, if we enjoy the time involved in the activity, we're left with fond memories. These memories will often last a lifetime. Even our worst trips, on many occasions, are later remembered with laughter.
V. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
72. 你估计这位著名艺术家的原版画作要多少钱？(estimate)
73. 本想让自己放松一下的假期结果却成了一场灾难。(intend)
74. 这个手无寸铁的年轻人冒着生命危险阻止了歹徒逃离现场，他是多么勇敢啊! (risk n.)
75. 在当今社会，诱惑和干扰无处不在，自律即使不是最重要的，也是重要的品质之一，因为它有效地促进了一个人的进步和发展。 (where)
VI. Guided Writing
Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
请简要描述图片，并结合生活实际（自身或他人的例子），谈谈你对于 “舒适圈” 的看法。
Where the magic happens!
AVERAGE
杨浦区2019学年度第一学期高三模拟质量调研
I. Listening Comprehension
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. W: Do you have anything on the menu that is cheese-free and sugar-free?
M: Only the salads. Perhaps you can try the vegan bakery across the street. You can find more options there.
Q: Where does the conversation take place? (C)
2. M: Do you need some help? I’m not sure if that will fit in your suitcase.
W: I might need a hand. I already gave away a lot of my clothes so there can be more space for other things.
Q: What is the woman doing now? (A)
3. W: Ben, You were late again today.
M: I was a witness to a hit-and-run accident and I went to the police station to give a statement.
Q: Why was Ben late? (B)
4. W: Hey Jack, how are you coping with your new life in the countryside? No shops, no pubs, spending a long time on the train to work every day.
M: Actually I think I’ve got the best of both worlds –excitement in the city, relaxation in the country.
Q: What does Jack think of his new life in the countryside? (B)
5. W: I’d like to rent a locker for my suitcase.
M: You will need a full-sized locker, which costs $ 6 per hour to rent. And if you rent it for over 4 hours, the price of the additional hours will be reduced by half.
Q: How much will the man pay if he rents the locker for 5 hours? (C)
6. W: Do you know what led to the accident? Why was the floor wet?
M: I think somebody spilled something and never cleaned it up. And there was no “Wet Floor” sign there to warn me.
Q: What happened to the man? (C)
7. W: I have been lying here for four days. When can I go back to my team and continue my training?
M: I’m afraid you won’t be allowed to move about until we run some lab tests. But you can sit up and read for some time if you want to.
Q: What is the probable relationship between the two speakers? (A)
8. W: Is everything OK, Neil? You sound a bit annoyed this morning.
M: I spent a few hours organizing all of the books on my shelves last weekend, but then my wife decided to clean the shelves and put the books back in a mess.
Q: What can we learn from the conversation? (D)
9. W: I’m afraid this accounting course is too difficult for me.
M: It’s important to just keep your eyes on the prize – a good certificate at the end of it!
Q: What does the man mean? (D)
10. W: Wow! The Harry Potter glasses you’re wearing are pretty funny.
M: Thanks. My aunt gave them to me for Christmas. It’s the thought that counts, I suppose.
Q: What does the man imply? (B)
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
Local educational authorities have stopped the use of electronic headbands at a primary school in Jinhua, Zhejiang province. The school used the headbands fixed with devices to detect brain activity to ensure students concentrated during classes. The headbands, according to the manufacturers, are able to measure brain states such as depth of focus, relaxation and deep thinking. According to the product instructions, teachers and parents can be informed if students are focused on their studies through different colors shown on the headbands.
The products have been sold in 15 countries including the United States, Spain, Mexico and Brazil. So far, thousands of headbands, each priced 3,499 yuan at its Taobao online shop, have been sold in China.
However, the headbands had aroused heated discussions among parents and education professionals. Some parents welcomed the idea, for they thought the headband would help train and monitor their children’s good studying habits and thus help wearers improve their study scores. Hans, a professor of childhood development said that a person’s intellectual capability is determined by the activity of the whole brain. The headband, which only detects part of the brain, is far from enough. Besides, he raised doubts about the accuracy of the data collected and worried that the devices might pose extra annoyances and burdens to students.
Questions:
11. Why was the use of electronic headbands banned? (D)
12. What is the feature of the headband, according to the manufacturer? (C)
13. What is the main concern of professor Hans? (B)
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
There are thought to be as many as three million sunken ships littering the seabed. David Mearns has taken on the job of tracking them down. Mearns developed his passion for the sea at an early age. When he went to university, he chose to study marine biology. His studies gave him a good understanding of the technology used to scan the underwater landscape, and he went on to work with the US navy, hunting for crashed aeroplanes.
The first shipwreck Mearns investigated was for a criminal case. A cargo ship went down in 1977, killing six of its crew. Mearns found the wreck of the ship in 1990, and helped the police punish the dishonest businessman responsible for planting the bomb that sank it. That early taste of success inspired a lifelong hunger for wreck-hunting. He's gone on to find no fewer than 23 other ships thought lost at the bottom of the sea.
Many of his most important finds dated back to the Second World War. In 2001, he discovered HMS Hood, a British battleship, that was sunk by a German destroyer in 1941. That was a sad and serious moment. When it sank, all but three of the 1,418 people aboard were lost.
Exciting though it may be, Mearns takes his job seriously. He makes sure the lives lost in a shipwreck are remembered respectfully. That’s why his team always put a tablet on the wreck to leave a marker that those people haven't been forgotten.
Questions:
14. What did Mearns major in at the university? (B)
15. How did Mearns help the police bring the businessman to justice? (C)
16. Which of the following is TRUE about Mearns and his career? (A)
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.
W: Hey, David! Are you good at complaining?
M: Of course not. I’m British. I never complain, even when I get terrible service. It’s just too embarrassing.
W: Well, you might be in a minority as it seems we British are complaining more than we used to. Do you know the oldest recorded complaint is on a stone tablet in the British Museum?
M: Really? What was the compliant about? Was it about the incorrect number of goats that were delivered after being bought at a market?
W: Well, good guess. But it was about the quality of silver that was supplied.
M: How come you know so much about complaint?
W: I recently listened to a BBC radio program about consumer affairs. Based on the survey by an organization called Institute of Customer service, public services, transport and telecoms are the areas that have most problems in terms of keeping the customers satisfied.
M: I think I know why. Public services usually don’t have enough money or enough staff, while telecommunication systems such as Internet connection are very complicated and sometimes go wrong.
W: Yes, and bad weather affects transport. Surprisingly, travel and entertainment appear to be performing well.
M: I wonder how people are making their complaints. Are modern methods taking over from the traditional letter or phone call?
W: Again based on the survey, the more traditional methods are still dominant with over 58% of complaints made by phone or by letter, though a small part of people do turn to social media.
M: I don’t think turning to social media is a good idea. It will only worsen the problem.
W: Most people seek media attention only when their complaint is not dealt with. They use it as an escalation point.
M: That makes sense. Putting complaint on social media might force a company to deal with the complaint sooner.
W: Well, David. After all the talk about complaint, will you consider making a complaint if you have to in the future?
M: I seriously doubt it.
Questions:
17. What was the oldest complaint about? (B)
18. How did the woman know so much about complaint-related information? (A)
19. Which is true according to the survey by Institute of Customer service? (C)
20. What can be inferred about David’s attitude towards complaining? (D)
21. what 22. must 23. adapted 24. under 25. until 26. whose 27. to be ignored 28. the most effective 29. Having been tested 30. died
31. H 32. E 33. K 34. A 35. I 36. G 37. B 38. D 39. F 40. J
41-55 BACDD BCCDA DCBDB
56-59 A B D C
60-62 B C D
63-66 D A C B
67-70 C E A D
71. After studying the link between spending and happiness for years, Dr. Gilovich has found that experiences rather than possessions paid for will more likely bring long-lasting happiness. Firstly, activities can unite individuals, thus creating a feeling of closeness. Secondly, what we do rather than what we own shows our identity. Lastly, experiences whether good or bad, provide lasting fond memories. (59)
72．How much do you estimate the famous artist’s original painting costs?
73. The holiday intended to relax myself turned out to be a disaster.
74. How brave the unarmed young man was to stop (prevent) the criminal from running away from the scene at the risk of his own life!
75. In today’s society where temptations and distractions are everywhere，self-discipline is one of the most important qualities, if not the most important, for/as it contributes effectively to/ promotes/enhances a man’s progress and development.
英语学科试卷 2019. 12
考生注意：
1. 考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分。
2. 本次考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。所有答題必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
3. 务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上。
I. Listening Comprehension
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. A. At a bakery. B. At a cheese market.
C. At a restaurant. D. At a salad counter.
2. A. Packing her stuff. B. Sorting out her clothes.
C. Cleaning her suitcase. D. Saving closet space.
3. A. He was involved in a hit-and-run accident.
B. He was needed in an accident investigation.
C. He witnessed the police giving a statement.
D. He got stuck in traffic due to an accident.
4. A. He misses the old times when he could go to the pubs after work.
B. He thinks he is lucky to enjoy the advantages of the living arrangement.
C. He thinks it difficult for him to get used to the life in the countryside.
D. He actually prefers relaxation in the country to excitement in the city.
5. A. $15. B. $24. C. $27. D. $30.
6. A. He forgot to put up the “Wet Floor” sign.
B. He spilled something and didn’t clean it up.
C. He slipped on the floor and injured himself.
D. He failed to explain the cause of the accident.
7. A. Doctor and patient. B. Teacher and student. C. Trainer and athlete. D. Father and daughter.
8. A. Neil and his wife had a big fight last weekend.
B. Neil’s wife was good at tidying up the house.
C. Neil enjoyed organizing his books on the shelves.
D. Neil felt unhappy about seeing efforts wasted.
9. A. The course will be more difficult than was expected.
B. It is important to keep thinking about the course.
C. Every accounting student will be awarded a certificate.
D. The certificate will make all the hard work worthwhile.
10. A. He counts on his relatives to get him a good gift.
B. The Harry Potter glasses are not really what he wanted.
C. Good Christmas gifts take much thought to prepare.
D. His aunt is a considerate and thoughtful lady.
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
11. A. Most of the electronic headbands sold online had turned out fakes.
B. The headband was too expensive for the ordinary household.
C. Complaints had been received that the headbands caused headaches.
D. There had been a mixed reaction among different parties involved.
12. A. Its hidden device functions to keep students relaxed.
B. It informs teachers and parents of students’ study scores.
C. It changes color based on the focus level of its wearers.
D. It helps determine the wearer’s overall intellectual capability.
13. A. Unauthorized access to students’ private data.
B. Lack of accuracy of the gathered information.
C. The psychological burden upon the family.
D. Negative impact on students’ physical well-being.
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
14. A. Criminal investigation. B. Marine biology.
C. Underwater landscaping. D. Shipwreck Analysis.
15. A. He managed to identify all the crews killed in the wreck.
B. He worked with the police to track down the dishonest businessman.
C. He produced the evidence that the ship had been bombed on purpose.
D. He proved that one of the crew had planted a bomb on the ship.
16. A. He worked briefly with the Navy before becoming a shipwreck hunter.
B. The first shipwreck he located was a British battleship called HMS Hood.
C. Every life lost in the shipwreck was marked with a tablet by him and his team.
D. His hunger for fame inspired him to follow the path of wreck-hunting.
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.
17. A. Incorrect number of delivered items.
B. Substandard quality of the bought goods.
C. Limited supplies of marketed goods.
D. Delayed delivery of the purchased silver.
18. A. She listened to a radio program. B. She visited the British Museum.
C. She conducted a related survey. D. She worked at Customer Service.
19. A. Most of the customer complaints are related to tourist industry.
B. Telecommunication is generally underfunded and understaffed.
C. The majority of dissatisfied customers complain by phone or by letter.
D. Putting a complaint on social media doesn’t help solve the problem.
20. A. He is embarrassed that so many British are complaining.
B. He is doubtful whether we should complain on social media.
C. He will seriously consider making a complaint if he has to.
D. He is unlikely to complain even if he gets bad service at a restaurant.
II. Grammar and vocabulary
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Killer Rabbits
You’d never think of rabbits as dreadful, destructive creatures, would you? Rabbits are cute and loveable. However, Australians discovered (21) ________ harm these cute creatures can do the hard way.
Rabbits were introduced to Australia in 1788 as food animals. By 1827, they were running around large estates, and in 1859, disaster struck. A man released 12 wild rabbits onto his property for hunting and he (22) ________ have thought that was harmless fun. But Australia has no predators（捕食者）(23) ________(adapt) to killing rabbits and none of the diseases that kept their populations (24) ________ control in Europe. The loose rabbits bred like, well, rabbits, and began to take over the countryside. Within a few decades, there were millions. By 1950, there were 600 million rabbits in Australia.
Six hundred million hungry rabbits could do real harm. They caused more damage than any other species introduced to the continent. They ate native plant species (25) ________ they disappeared. They competed for food and shelter with native animals. They caused the extinction or endangerment of numerous plant and animal species. And they were a nightmare for cattle and sheep farmers, (26) _________ animals couldn't get enough grass to eat and starved.
The rabbits did some good, of course. They provided food for poor families. They supported fur industries. But their impact on the environment and major livestock economy was too negative (27) ________ (ignore). People tried trapping them. They even built a huge wall against them. But (28) ________ (effective) weapon was a virus.
(29) _________ (test) multiple times, the deadly myxoma virus was released on Australia's rabbits in 1950. The virus had been developed very carefully to affect only rabbits. Nearly 100 percent of the rabbits who caught the disease (30) ________ (die). Populations fell. It was a huge success. Cattle and sheep farming recovered gradually, and threatened plants were better protected. Eventually, rabbits became resistant to the virus.
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. string B. contained C. representing D. detailing E. scientific
F. currents G. recovered H. encountered I. estimated J. instructions K. decoration
Bottle Found at Sea Used for Scientific Purpose
Combing the beach for shells, sea glass, or colorful rocks is a leisure activity enjoyed by many. Some even use metal detectors to find buried treasure or other objects. Only the lucky few have ___31___ a message in a bottle that was dropped off by the tide. The tradition of putting a letter to an unknown recipient into a bottle and throwing it into the ocean has an interesting past. An early ___32___ use for the practice was revealed when the oldest recorded message in a bottle was found by Tonya on a beach near Wedge Island, Australia.
Tonya was on a family outing when she noticed the antique glass bottle in the sand and thought it would make a nice ___33___. While she was cleaning the sandy gin bottle, a rolled up paper tied with a ___34___ fell out. The damp page was a message written in German and dated June 12, 1886. According to official documents from the German sailing vessels, Paula, a crew member tossed the bottle overboard a(n) ___35___ 950 km off the coast of Western Australia. Further research authenticated（验证）the letter, which had been sent afloat 132 years ago and is the oldest message in a bottle ever ___36___.
Historians confirm that thousands of similar bottles were cast overboard by German ships between 1864 and 1933. And ___37___ inside were official documents written by the captain of the ship, ___38___ routes, coordinates, and other information. These early messages in a bottle were an attempt by the German Naval Observatory to map ocean ___39___ around the world.
On the back of the notes were ___40___ to write the time and place the bottles were found and return them to the German Naval Observatory in Hamburg or the nearest German authorities. Using this information for reference was an early system of studying patterns in nature and the vast ocean in particular.
III. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
A star athlete stopped by my office and she was eaten up by self-criticism after committing a few errors during a weekend match. “I’m at peak __41__ and I practise hard. How is this happening?” This student, like many I teach, believes she should be able to __42__ the outcomes of her life by virtue of her hard work.
I study and write about resilience（复原力）, and I’m noticing a(n) __43__ increase in students like this athlete. When they win, they feel powerful and smart. When they fall short of what they imagine they should ___44___, however, they are crushed by self-blame.
We talk often about young adults struggling with failure because their parents have protected them from ___45___. But there is something else at play among the most advantaged in particular: a ___46___ promise that they can achieve anything if they are willing to work for it.
Psychologists have sourced this phenomenon to a misapplication of “mind-set” research, which has found that praising children for ___47___ will increase academic performance. Developed by Stanford psychologist Carol Dweck, mind-set education has spread across classrooms worldwide. But a 2018 analysis found that while praising hard work over ability may benefit economically disadvantaged students, it does not ___48____ help everyone.
One possible explanation comes from Nina Kumar, who argued in a research paper last year that for teens in wealthy, pressure-cooker communities, “It is not a ___49___ of motivation and perseverance that is the big problem. ___50____, it is unhealthy perfectionism and difficulty with backing off when they should, when the fierce drive for achievements is over the top.” This can ___51___ physical and emotional stress. In a 2007 study, psychologists Gregory Miller determined that adolescent girls who refused to give up the ___52___ goals showed elevated levels of CRP, a protein that serves as a marker of systemic inflammation（炎症） linked to diabetes, heart disease and other medical conditions.
The cruel reality is that you can do everything in your power and still fail. This knowledge comes early to underrepresented minorities whose experience of discrimination（歧视）and inequality teaches them to ___53___ what is, for now, largely beyond their control to change. Yet for others, the belief that success is always within their grasp is a setup. Instead of allowing our kids to beat themselves up when things don’t go their way, we should all question a culture that has taught them that how they perform for others is more important than what ___54___ inspires them and that where they go to college matters more than the kind of person they are. We should be wise to remind our kids that life has a way of disappointing us when we least ___55___ it. It’s often the people who learn to say “stuff happens” who get up the fastest.
41. A. coolness B. fitness C. goodness D. readiness
42. A. control B. change C. adjust D. celebrate
43. A. amusing B. inspiring C. troubling D. touching
44. A. apply B. approve C. appreciate D. accomplish
45. A. disbelief B. disagreement C. discovery D. discomfort
46. A. bright B. false C. general D. flexible
47. A. virtue B. ability C. effort D. status
48. A. originally B. obviously C. necessarily D. regularly
49. A. choice B. command C. display D. lack
50. A. Instead B. Otherwise C. Therefore D. However
51. A. result from B. apply for C. associate with D. lead to
52. A. immoral B. impersonal C. impossible D. impolite
53. A. challenge B. accept C. assess D. inquire
54. A. plainly B. probably C. immediately D. actually
55. A. exhibit B. expect C. establish D. recognize
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
David Miles, an Australian inventor has been accused of cheating desperate farmers by charging up to $50,000 Australian dollars for delivering rain on demand without so much as explaining the technology behind his business.
On the official Miles Research website, Miles explains that in the 1990’s he realized that it was possible to influence weather patterns by creating a bridge between ‘the present’ and a ‘near-future event’ in the physical space-time continuum. He found that by applying small amounts of energy intelligently, even a large, messy weather system approaching from the future could be eased.
While somewhat fascinating, Miles’ explanation does little to explain how he is able to bring rainfall to the lands of farmers. He makes references to famous but debatable concepts like “the butterfly effect”. “We were advised against patenting because it’s basically exposing how it works. There are a lot of big companies that invest in hunting out patents,” Miles said. “I understand the doubts, the only other way is to fully prove up our science and physics. If we did that, we’ll lose it, it will be taken up as a national security interest and it’ll then be weaponized.”
Miles’ claims raised suspicions for obvious reasons, including a since-deleted section of his company website, which claimed that his technology used “electromagnetic scalar waves”, which scientists say don’t even exist.
The Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (ACCC) has warned people against doing business with him, but the Australian inventor claims the ACCC is only trying to defame him and his company, as in reality they are success based – if it doesn’t rain, they don’t get paid.
“Consumers signed the agreement that if by the end of June they receive 100mm, they pay $50,000, if they only receive 50mm, they would only pay $25,000. Anything under half, we don’t want to be paid,” Miles said of a handful of Wimmera farmers who agreed to take him up on his offer to deliver rain.
Believe it or not, one of the farmers who paid David Miles for his so-called rain-making capabilities told ABC Radio that he was quite happy with the results.
56. David Miles claims to be capable of ________.
A. influencing the weather system
B. predicting the future events
C. reducing the atmospheric temperature
D. easing the gravitational energy
57. ACCC issued warning against doing business with Miles because ________.
A. he charged too much for the services provided
B. there was no solid science to back up his technology
C. his practice was a threat to national security interest
D. he didn’t officially patent his technology with ACCC
58. According to Miles, how much will he be paid if the farmers receive 15mm of rain?
A. $50,000. B. $25,000. C. $12,500. D. $0.
59. What can be inferred from the passage?
A. Miles needed safer facilities for his business.
B. Miles brought about good crops as expected.
C. Miles wasn’t discouraged by the critics.
D. Miles was arrested by the local police.
(B)
ü
60. To have a Stannah stairlift installed, one needs to__________.
A. remodel one’s living room B. schedule an in-home assessment
C. ensure constant power supply D. order a special stairway
61. Jenny may use the Coupon（优惠券） to save some money only if she __________.
A. rents the model advertised on Boston Globe
B. pays for the Stannah model which is on sale
C. purchases one brand new Stannah stairlift
D. publishes post-sale reviews on Trustpilot
62. Which statement is TRUE about Stannah stairlift mentioned in the advertisement?
A. It promises to regularly check on the old people who live independently.
B. It can be installed easily by following instructions in the brochure.
C. It provides fast and free repair services by professional technicians.
D. It offers an alternative to old people who don’t want to be relocated.
(C)
How and why, roughly 2 million years ago, early human ancestors evolved large brains and began fashioning relatively advanced stone tools, is one of the great mysteries of evolution. Some researchers argue these changes were brought about by the invention of cooking. They point out that our bite weakened around the same time as our larger brains evolved, and that it takes less energy to absorb nutrients from cooked food. As a result, once they had mastered the art, early chefs could invest less in their digestive systems and thus invest the resulting energy savings in building larger brains capable of complex thought. There is, however, a problem with the cooking theory. Most archaeologists (考古学家) believe the evidence of controlled fire stretches back no more than 790,000 years.
Roger Summons of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology has a solution. Together with his team, he analyzed 1.7 million-year-old sandstones that formed in an ancient river at Olduvai Gorge in Tanzania. The region is famous for the large number of human fossils（化石）that have been discovered there, alongside an impressive assembly of stone tools. The sandstones themselves have previously yielded some of the world’s earliest complex hand axes -- large tear-drop-shaped stone tools that are associated with Homo erectus（直立人）. Creating an axe by repeatedly knocking thin pieces off a raw stone in order to create two sharp cutting edges requires a significant amount of planning. Their appearance is therefore thought to mark an important moment in intellectual evolution. Trapped inside the Olduvai sandstones, the researchers found distinctive but unusual biological molecules（分子）that are often interpreted as biomarkers for heat-tolerant bacteria. Some of these live in water between 85°C and 95°C. The molecules’ presence suggests that an ancient river within the Gorge was once fed by one or more hot springs.
Dr. Summons and his colleagues say the hot springs would have provided a convenient “pre-fire” means of cooking food. In New Zealand, the Maori have traditionally cooked food in hot springs, either by lowering it into the boiling water or by digging a hole in the hot earth. Similar methods exist in Japan and Iceland, so it is plausible, if difficult to prove, that early humans might have used hot springs to cook meat and roots. Richard Wrangham, who devised the cooking theory, is fascinated by the idea. Nonetheless, fire would have offered a distinct advantage to humans, once they had mastered the art of controlling it since, unlike a hot spring, it is a transportable resource.
63. All of the following statements can support the cooking theory EXCEPT ________.
A. cooking enabled early humans to invest less in digestive system
B. cooking enabled early humans to devote more energy to building big brains
C. our brain became larger around the same time our digestive system weakened
D. the controlled fire wasn’t mastered until about 790,000 years ago
64. The presence of biological molecules was important because ________.
A. they suggested a possible means of cooking without fire
B. they cast light on how early Homo erectus lived
C. they provided a convenient way of studying stone tools
D. they made studies of pre-historic cultures possible
65. The underlined word “plausible” probably means ________.
A. noticeable B. applicable C. reasonable D. affordable
66. What may be the conclusion of the study by Dr. Summons and his colleague?
A. Early humans were capable of making complex stone tools.
B. Hot springs help explain how human brains got so big.
C. Homo erectus were adaptable to tough and complex territories.
D. Human brains are highly advanced as shown by their size.
Section C
Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
A. Those with a slower pace also scored less well in physical exercises such as hand-grip strength and biological markers of good health.
B. There are already signs in early life of who would become the slowest walkers.
C. In fact, based on a new series of experiments, they now believe the slower a person’s tendency to walk, the less able their brain.
D. Brain scanning during their final assessment at 45 showed the slower walkers tended to have lower total brain volume and less brain surface area.
E. Until now, however, no one knew it could signify underlying brain health so much earlier in life.
F. Researchers performed walking speed analysis on hundreds of middle-aged people, comparing their psychological results.
Slower Walkers Have Slower Minds, Scientists Reveal
Of all human activities, few are so readily credited with enhancing the power of the mind as going for a good walk. However, those who assume that strolling along at a gentle pace is the symbol of superior intellect should think again, scientists have said. __________67_________
Doctors have long used walking speed to gain a quick and reliable understanding of older people’s mental capability, as it is increasingly recognized that pace is associated with not only muscular strength but also the central nervous system. __________68_________The relationship was so obvious, however, that the US scientists now say walking tests could be used to provide an early indication of dementia（痴呆）.
Published in the Journal of the American Medical Association, the study revealed an average difference of 16 IQ points between the slowest and the fastest walkers at the age of 45. This reflected both the participants’ natural walking speed and the pace they achieved when asked to walk as fast as they could. __________69_________ Actually, slower walkers were shown to have “speeded aging” on a 19-measure scale devised by researchers, and their lungs, teeth and immune systems tended to be in worse shape than the people who walked faster.
The 904 New Zealand men and women who were tested at 45 were tracked from the age of three, each undergoing multiple tests over the years. The long-term data collection enabled researchers to establish that kids with lower IQ scores, lower linguistic ability and weaker emotional control tended to have slower walking speeds by middle age.__________70__________.
The research team said genetic factors may explain the link between walking speed, brain capacity and physical health or that better brain health might promote physical activity, leading to better walking speed. Some of the differences in health and intellect may be the result of lifestyle choices individuals have made.
IV. Summary Writing
Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
The Psychology of Spending
Dr. Thomas Gilovich, psychology professor at Cornell University, has studied the psychology of spending for over 20 years. According to Dr. Gilovich, “We buy things to make us happy, and we succeed, but only for a while. New things are exciting to us at first, but then we adapt to them.” In other words, once the freshness of our newest purchase wears off, we begin looking for something else to buy to make us happy.
Dr. Gilovich found that our satisfaction with possessions fades over time. Yet our happiness over things we've experienced increases. For that reason, he has concluded that we are spending our money on the wrong things. A study out of San Francisco State University agrees. The research showed that those people who spent money on experiences instead of possessions were happier. They also thought their money was better invested.
To begin with, activities like a trip, adventure, hobby, etc. tend to bring the participants together and unite them over a shared interest. According to Gilovich, “We consume experiences directly with other people.” As a result, these experiences typically create a positive link and good feelings toward the other person or people.
Besides, your experience shows others who you are and what you are. For example, you might be someone who loves taking cooking classes. More than likely, you'll become known by friends and family as a great cook. They won't know you as someone who owns the latest kitchen equipment.
Lastly, planned experiences are frequently something we look forward to. Then when the moment arrives, if we enjoy the time involved in the activity, we're left with fond memories. These memories will often last a lifetime. Even our worst trips, on many occasions, are later remembered with laughter.
V. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
72. 你估计这位著名艺术家的原版画作要多少钱？(estimate)
73. 本想让自己放松一下的假期结果却成了一场灾难。(intend)
74. 这个手无寸铁的年轻人冒着生命危险阻止了歹徒逃离现场，他是多么勇敢啊! (risk n.)
75. 在当今社会，诱惑和干扰无处不在，自律即使不是最重要的，也是重要的品质之一，因为它有效地促进了一个人的进步和发展。 (where)
VI. Guided Writing
Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
请简要描述图片，并结合生活实际（自身或他人的例子），谈谈你对于 “舒适圈” 的看法。
Where the magic happens!
AVERAGE
杨浦区2019学年度第一学期高三模拟质量调研
I. Listening Comprehension
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. W: Do you have anything on the menu that is cheese-free and sugar-free?
M: Only the salads. Perhaps you can try the vegan bakery across the street. You can find more options there.
Q: Where does the conversation take place? (C)
2. M: Do you need some help? I’m not sure if that will fit in your suitcase.
W: I might need a hand. I already gave away a lot of my clothes so there can be more space for other things.
Q: What is the woman doing now? (A)
3. W: Ben, You were late again today.
M: I was a witness to a hit-and-run accident and I went to the police station to give a statement.
Q: Why was Ben late? (B)
4. W: Hey Jack, how are you coping with your new life in the countryside? No shops, no pubs, spending a long time on the train to work every day.
M: Actually I think I’ve got the best of both worlds –excitement in the city, relaxation in the country.
Q: What does Jack think of his new life in the countryside? (B)
5. W: I’d like to rent a locker for my suitcase.
M: You will need a full-sized locker, which costs $ 6 per hour to rent. And if you rent it for over 4 hours, the price of the additional hours will be reduced by half.
Q: How much will the man pay if he rents the locker for 5 hours? (C)
6. W: Do you know what led to the accident? Why was the floor wet?
M: I think somebody spilled something and never cleaned it up. And there was no “Wet Floor” sign there to warn me.
Q: What happened to the man? (C)
7. W: I have been lying here for four days. When can I go back to my team and continue my training?
M: I’m afraid you won’t be allowed to move about until we run some lab tests. But you can sit up and read for some time if you want to.
Q: What is the probable relationship between the two speakers? (A)
8. W: Is everything OK, Neil? You sound a bit annoyed this morning.
M: I spent a few hours organizing all of the books on my shelves last weekend, but then my wife decided to clean the shelves and put the books back in a mess.
Q: What can we learn from the conversation? (D)
9. W: I’m afraid this accounting course is too difficult for me.
M: It’s important to just keep your eyes on the prize – a good certificate at the end of it!
Q: What does the man mean? (D)
10. W: Wow! The Harry Potter glasses you’re wearing are pretty funny.
M: Thanks. My aunt gave them to me for Christmas. It’s the thought that counts, I suppose.
Q: What does the man imply? (B)
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
Local educational authorities have stopped the use of electronic headbands at a primary school in Jinhua, Zhejiang province. The school used the headbands fixed with devices to detect brain activity to ensure students concentrated during classes. The headbands, according to the manufacturers, are able to measure brain states such as depth of focus, relaxation and deep thinking. According to the product instructions, teachers and parents can be informed if students are focused on their studies through different colors shown on the headbands.
The products have been sold in 15 countries including the United States, Spain, Mexico and Brazil. So far, thousands of headbands, each priced 3,499 yuan at its Taobao online shop, have been sold in China.
However, the headbands had aroused heated discussions among parents and education professionals. Some parents welcomed the idea, for they thought the headband would help train and monitor their children’s good studying habits and thus help wearers improve their study scores. Hans, a professor of childhood development said that a person’s intellectual capability is determined by the activity of the whole brain. The headband, which only detects part of the brain, is far from enough. Besides, he raised doubts about the accuracy of the data collected and worried that the devices might pose extra annoyances and burdens to students.
Questions:
11. Why was the use of electronic headbands banned? (D)
12. What is the feature of the headband, according to the manufacturer? (C)
13. What is the main concern of professor Hans? (B)
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
There are thought to be as many as three million sunken ships littering the seabed. David Mearns has taken on the job of tracking them down. Mearns developed his passion for the sea at an early age. When he went to university, he chose to study marine biology. His studies gave him a good understanding of the technology used to scan the underwater landscape, and he went on to work with the US navy, hunting for crashed aeroplanes.
The first shipwreck Mearns investigated was for a criminal case. A cargo ship went down in 1977, killing six of its crew. Mearns found the wreck of the ship in 1990, and helped the police punish the dishonest businessman responsible for planting the bomb that sank it. That early taste of success inspired a lifelong hunger for wreck-hunting. He's gone on to find no fewer than 23 other ships thought lost at the bottom of the sea.
Many of his most important finds dated back to the Second World War. In 2001, he discovered HMS Hood, a British battleship, that was sunk by a German destroyer in 1941. That was a sad and serious moment. When it sank, all but three of the 1,418 people aboard were lost.
Exciting though it may be, Mearns takes his job seriously. He makes sure the lives lost in a shipwreck are remembered respectfully. That’s why his team always put a tablet on the wreck to leave a marker that those people haven't been forgotten.
Questions:
14. What did Mearns major in at the university? (B)
15. How did Mearns help the police bring the businessman to justice? (C)
16. Which of the following is TRUE about Mearns and his career? (A)
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.
W: Hey, David! Are you good at complaining?
M: Of course not. I’m British. I never complain, even when I get terrible service. It’s just too embarrassing.
W: Well, you might be in a minority as it seems we British are complaining more than we used to. Do you know the oldest recorded complaint is on a stone tablet in the British Museum?
M: Really? What was the compliant about? Was it about the incorrect number of goats that were delivered after being bought at a market?
W: Well, good guess. But it was about the quality of silver that was supplied.
M: How come you know so much about complaint?
W: I recently listened to a BBC radio program about consumer affairs. Based on the survey by an organization called Institute of Customer service, public services, transport and telecoms are the areas that have most problems in terms of keeping the customers satisfied.
M: I think I know why. Public services usually don’t have enough money or enough staff, while telecommunication systems such as Internet connection are very complicated and sometimes go wrong.
W: Yes, and bad weather affects transport. Surprisingly, travel and entertainment appear to be performing well.
M: I wonder how people are making their complaints. Are modern methods taking over from the traditional letter or phone call?
W: Again based on the survey, the more traditional methods are still dominant with over 58% of complaints made by phone or by letter, though a small part of people do turn to social media.
M: I don’t think turning to social media is a good idea. It will only worsen the problem.
W: Most people seek media attention only when their complaint is not dealt with. They use it as an escalation point.
M: That makes sense. Putting complaint on social media might force a company to deal with the complaint sooner.
W: Well, David. After all the talk about complaint, will you consider making a complaint if you have to in the future?
M: I seriously doubt it.
Questions:
17. What was the oldest complaint about? (B)
18. How did the woman know so much about complaint-related information? (A)
19. Which is true according to the survey by Institute of Customer service? (C)
20. What can be inferred about David’s attitude towards complaining? (D)
21. what 22. must 23. adapted 24. under 25. until 26. whose 27. to be ignored 28. the most effective 29. Having been tested 30. died
31. H 32. E 33. K 34. A 35. I 36. G 37. B 38. D 39. F 40. J
41-55 BACDD BCCDA DCBDB
56-59 A B D C
60-62 B C D
63-66 D A C B
67-70 C E A D
71. After studying the link between spending and happiness for years, Dr. Gilovich has found that experiences rather than possessions paid for will more likely bring long-lasting happiness. Firstly, activities can unite individuals, thus creating a feeling of closeness. Secondly, what we do rather than what we own shows our identity. Lastly, experiences whether good or bad, provide lasting fond memories. (59)
72．How much do you estimate the famous artist’s original painting costs?
73. The holiday intended to relax myself turned out to be a disaster.
74. How brave the unarmed young man was to stop (prevent) the criminal from running away from the scene at the risk of his own life!
75. In today’s society where temptations and distractions are everywhere，self-discipline is one of the most important qualities, if not the most important, for/as it contributes effectively to/ promotes/enhances a man’s progress and development.
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