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2019届浙江省杭州市高三上学期模拟卷十五英语试题（解析版）
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浙江杭州2019届上学期高三英语模拟卷十五
第I卷
第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分）
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音结束后，你将有两分钟时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What is the woman going to do?
A. To go to school.
B. To go home.
C. To pick up her children and cook.
2. What are the speakers mainly talking about?
A. The football. B. The money. C. The birthday.
3. What would Mr. Wolf like to drink?
A. A coke. B. A cold beer. C. Nothing.
4. Where are the speakers?
A. In the woman’s house. B. In a shop. C. In a hotel.
5. What does the man mean?
A. He likes to put money in the bank because of security.
B. He doesn’t like to put money in the bank at all.
C. He doesn’t like to put money in the bank because it has no risk.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. Why did Leonard quit his job?
A. He wanted to be a lawyer.
B. He didn’t like the job.
C. He didn’t want to work so many hours every day.
7. What did the man think about the job?
A. Not bad. B. Interesting. C. Very challenging.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8. Who are the two speakers?
A. A man and his girlfriend. B. A man and his wife. C. A man and his sister.
9. Why is the man unhappy about their weekends?
A. They seldom invite friends over.
B. They seldom go out for a picnic.
C. They seldom spend the weekends together.
10. On which aspect of the picnic do the man and woman differ?
A. Who should get the car ready?
B. How many friends they should invite?
C. What food and drink they should prepare?
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11. How much time is left before the film?
A. 10 minute. B. 20 minutes. C. 30 minutes.
12. What else do the Indians use popcorns to do?
A. In their hairstyles.
B. In their wedding ceremonies.
C. In their necklaces.
13. When were popcorns served at the first Thanksgiving dinner?
A. In 1621. B. In 1930. C. In 1947.
听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。
14. Where does the conversation take place?
A. In the mountain. B. By the lakeside. C. On the highway.
15. How is the woman feeling now?
A. Ashamed. B. Worded. C. Disappointed.
16. What can we learn from the conversation?
A. The dog can’t get lost.
B. The dog is stolen by someone.
C. The dog knows the way around the lake.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. Who is the woman probably phoning?
A. The health department.
B. The repairman.
C. The landlord.
18. What is the woman complaining about?
A. The heater in her room is going to break down.
B. Her room doesn’t have a heater.
C. Her room is too cold.
19. What day is it when the heat is gone again?
A. Wednesday. B. Friday. C. Monday.
20. What does the woman want Mr. Tyler to do?
A. Repair the heater next Monday.
B. Repair the heater right now.
C. Complain to the repairman.
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分35分）
第一节（共10小题，每小题2.5分，满分25分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Crossing your legs is an extremely common habit. While you may find it comfortable to sit with one knee crossed over the other, it might be causing health problems that you are not aware of.
A study published in Blood Pressure Monitoring stated that sitting with your legs crossed can increase your blood pressure. The reason is that crossing one leg over the other increases resistance, making it even harder for the blood to circulate and increase your blood pressure. Thus, you shouldn’t have your legs crossed for more than 15 minutes, and it’s important that you get up and walk around at least once every hour.
Crossing your legs can also lead to neck and back pain. Ideally, it’s best for our bodies to sit with our feet planted flat on the floor. When you sit with your legs crossed your hips are in a twisted position, which can cause pressure on your lower and middle back and neck.
You also might notice that when you sit with your legs crossed for long periods of time your feet and legs get painful. This is because when one leg sits on top of the other, it causes pressure on the veins and nerves in your legs and feet. While the feeling of discomfort may only last a minute or two, repeatedly crossing your legs until they feel numb can cause permanent nerve damage.
So next time you sit down, try to get yourself in the habit of sitting with both of your feet on the floor. Not only will it help your posture and stability, but it will also save your health in the long run.
1. A study published in Blood Pressure Monitoring showed that .
A. crossing your legs can raise your blood pressure
B. crossing one leg over the other can increase the blood circulation
C. you should have your legs crossed once every hour
D. you should get up and walk around for more than 15 minutes
2. Crossing your legs can cause some health problems except .
A. pressure on veins and nerves in legs and feet
B. permanent nerve damage
C. unstable posture
D. neck and back pain
3. What seems to be the writer’s attitude toward crossing legs?
A. Supportive. B. Negative.
C. Casual. D. Confused.
【答案】1. A 2. C 3. B
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了交叉双腿坐对我们的健康带来的负面影响，包括血压升高、影响神经、脖子和后背疼痛等。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“A study published in Blood Pressure Monitoring stated that sitting with your legs crossed can increase your blood pressure.”可知这项研究发现交叉双腿坐着会让人的血压升高。故A项正确。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段和第四段“Crossing your legs can also lead to neck and back pain. This is because when one leg sits on top of the other, it causes pressure on the veins and nerves in your legs and feet. While the feeling of discomfort may only last a minute or two, repeatedly crossing your legs until they feel numb can cause permanent nerve damage.”可知ABD三项都是交叉双腿可能带来的健康问题，文章里并没有涉及C项。故选择C项。
【3题详解】
态度观点题。本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了交叉双腿坐对我们的健康带来的负面影响，包括血压升高、影响神经、脖子和后背疼痛等。说明作者认为交叉双腿坐是非常不好的习惯，我们要消除这种想法。作者的态度是负面消极的。故B项正确。
【点睛】本文小题3考查了态度观点题。高考阅读测试中有些题目考查学生对文章作者的主导思想、被描写人物语气、言谈话语中流露的情绪、性格倾向和作用或文中人物的态度、观点等方面的理解。做这一类题时一定注意：
（1）由表及里地准确把握字里行间的意思，切勿用自己的主观想法或观点代替作者的思想观点。
（2）特别注意那些描写环境气氛的语言，以及表达感情，态度观点的词语。要特别注意作者在文章中的措辞，尤其是感情色彩的形容词。
（3）能结合自己平时积累的有关英语国家的文化传统、风俗习惯等背景知识来识别评价。
以小题3为例，文章中表达感情和态度的短语 “increase your blood pressure、lead to neck and back pain、cause pressure on your lower and middle back and neck、cause permanent nerve damage.”的“blood pressure、pain、damage”都表示负面含义，说明作者的观点也是消极的。
B
Microsoft has developed a new smart phone app that interprets eye signals and translates them into letters, allowing people with motor neurone disease to communicate with others from a phone.
The GazeSpeak app combines a smartphone’s camera with artificial intelligence to recognize eye movements in real time and convert(改变) them into letters, words and sentences.
For people suffering from ALS（渐冻症）, also known as motor neurone disease, eye movement can be the only way they are able to communicate.
“Current eye-tracking input systems for people with ALS or other motor impairments are expensive, not robust under sunlight, and require frequent re-calibration and substantial, relatively immobile setups,” said Xiaoyi Zhang, a researcher at Microsoft who developed the technology.
“To mitigate the drawbacks…we created GazeSpeak, an eye-gesture communication system that runs on a smartphone, and is designed to be low-cost, robust, portable and easy to learn.”
The app is used by the listener by pointing their smartphone at the speaker. A chart that can be stuck to the back of the smartphone is then used by the speaker to determine which eye movements to make in order to communicate.
The sticker shows four grids(方格) of letters, which each correspond to a different eye movement. By looking up, down, left or right, the speaker selects which grids the letters they want belong to. The artificial intelligence algorithm（程序） is then able to predict the word or sentence they are trying to say.
4. What does the underlined word “mitigate” in paragraph 5 probably mean?
A. ignore B. destroy
C. increase D. reduce
5. The passage mainly tells us ________ .
A. The advantages of Gaze Speak over the Current eye-tracking input systems.
B. Smartphone App helps ALS suffers speak with their eyes movement.
C. The sticker plays an important role in Gaze Speak.
D. The writer is making an advertisement for Gaze Speaker.
6. What’s the writer’s attitude towards the invention of Gaze Speaker?
A. doubtful B. negative
C. favorable D. unclear
【答案】4. D 5. B 6. D
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文，微软公司开发出了一个手机APP可以把眼部信号转换成字母单词，让患有运动神经元疾病的人与别人交流。文章对这个软件做了详细介绍。
【4题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第四段“Current eye-tracking input systems for people with ALS or other motor impairments are expensive, not robust under sunlight, and require frequent re-calibration (重新校对) and substantial, relatively immobile setups,”可知现在的眼动追踪系统有很多的缺点，为了尽量减少这些缺点，人们创造出了GazeSpeak.“mitigate”意为“减少”与reduce同义，故D项正确。
【5题详解】
主旨大意题。本文是一篇说明文，微软公司开发出了一个手机APP可以把眼部信号转换成字母单词，让患有运动神经元疾病的人与别人交流。文章对这个软件做了详细介绍。故B项正确。
【6题详解】
态度观点题。在本文中作者客观地介绍了微软公司开发出了一个手机APP可以把眼部信号转换成字母单词，让患有运动神经元疾病的人与别人交流。并没有发表个人观点，所以他的态度并不明确。故D项正确。
C
Sleep deprivation(缺失)is an important hidden factor in lowering the achievement of school pupils, according to researchers carrying out international education tests.
It is a particular problem in richer countries with sleep experts linking it to the use of mobile phones and computers in bedroom late at night. Sleep deprivation is such a serious problem that lessons have to be dragged down to a lower level to suit sleep-deprived learners, the study found. The international comparison, carried out by Boston College, found the United States to have the highest number of sleep-deprived students, with 73% of 9- and 10-year-olds and 80% of 13- and 14-year-olds identified by their teachers as being negatively affected.
In literacy(读写能力) tests there were 76% of 9- and 10-year-olds lacking sleep. This was much higher than the international average of 47% of primary pupils needing more sleep and 57% among the secondary age group.
Other countries with the most sleep-deprived youngsters were New Zealand, Saudi Arabia, Australia, England, Ireland and France. High-performing Finland is also among the most lacking in sleep. Countries with the best records for getting enough sleep include Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Portugal, the Czech Republic, Japan and Malta.
The analysis was part of the huge date-gathering process for global education rankings, the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study(TIMSS)and Progress in International Reading Literacy Study(PIRLS)
“I think we underestimate the impact of sleep. Our data show that across countries internationally, on average, children who have more sleep achieve higher in maths, science and reading. That is exactly what our data show,” says Chad Minnich of the TIMSS and PIRLS International Study Center.
“It’s the same link for children who are lacking basic nutrition,” says Mr Minnich, based at the Lynch School of Education, Boston College. “If you are unable to concentrate, to attend mentally, you are unable to achieve at your best level, because your mind and body are in need of something more basic. Sleep is a fundamental need for all children. If teachers report such large proportions of children suffering from lack of sleep, it’s having a significant impact. But worse than that, teachers are having to adjust their instruction based on those children who are suffering from a lack of sleep. The children who are suffering from a lack of sleep are driving down instruction.”
That means that even the children who are getting enough sleep are still suffering from this sleep-related lowering.
7. What did the researchers of Boston College try to find
A. Why children don’t get enough sleep
B. How many hours children sleep every night
C. The relationship between sleep and test results
D. The relationship between sleep and health
8. Many children suffer from sleep deprivation because _________.
A. they sit in front of the TV for too long
B. they can hardly sleep soundly and deeply
C. their homework occupies too much of their time
D. modern technological devices consume a lot of their time
9. Which of the following countries has the most sleep-deprived students
A. Japan B. Malta
C. Finland D. Portugal
10. Why are children who get enough sleep also victims
A. Because they are disturbed by sleep-deprived students
B. Because teaching is driven down by sleep-deprived students
C. Because they have to spend time helping sleep-deprived students
D. Because the teachers waste time disciplining sleep-deprived students
【答案】7. C 8. D 9. C 10. B
【解析】
试题分析：据开展国际教育测试的研究人员报道，在降低学生成绩的过程中，睡眠是一个重要的隐藏因素。教师要以遭受缺乏睡眠的那些孩子为基础进行调整。
【7题详解】
C推理判断题。根据文章第一段Sleep deprivation(缺失)is an important hidden factor in lowering the achievement of school pupils, according to researchers carrying out international education tests. 据开展国际教育测试的研究人员报道，在降低学生成绩的过程中，睡眠是一个重要的隐藏因素；文章最后一句That means that even the children who are getting enough sleep are still suffering from this sleep-related lowering.那意味着甚至得到足够睡眠的孩子仍然遭受着睡眠相对低的痛苦。故选C。
【8题详解】
D推理判断题。根据第二段第一句It is a particular problem in richer countries with sleep experts linking it to the use of mobile phones and computers in bedroom late at night在更富裕的国家，在晚上很晚的时候用手机和电脑与睡眠专家联系起来，它是一个特别的问题。故选D。
【9题详解】
C细节理解题。根据第四段第二句High-performing Finland is also among the most lacking in sleep. 高效执行的Finland也是在睡眠中最缺乏的。故选C。
【10题详解】
B推理判断题。根据最后一段倒数第二句worse than that, teachers are having to adjust their instruction based on those children who are suffering from a lack of sleep. The children who are suffering from a lack of sleep are driving down instruction.”比那更糟糕的，老师正不得不调试他们的以遭受缺乏睡眠的那些孩子为基础的指导。遭受睡眠缺乏的孩子们正驾驶指导。故选B。
考点：考查科普类阅读
第二节（共5个小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
How to Enjoy Life As a Teen
Are high school days equal to the "best years of your life"? Maybe not, but you can learn to make the most of your high school days.
___11___Whether it's having a computer, having friends, having a good supply of food, a bed to sleep on, family that loves you, having a decent education or simply being born in this world. Be happy, and life will reward you. Remember that these are the last few years you will be able to enjoy yourself without having to worry about the responsibility of an adult, but make sure you prepare yourself for when you do become one.
Choose your friends wisely. Unlike what many articles state, you don't have to be popular and have a gazillion friends to be happy._______12_______Try to have friends that like you who you are, not just because you are wearing a certain brand of shoes or something like that. These are people who shop at the same store as you; not someone who will sympathize with you when your dog dies.
___13___Participating in clubs, activities, and sports increases your chances of meeting new friends. While you only need 4 or 5 close friends, that doesn't mean you shouldn't try to meet new people. Participating gives you something to do instead of sitting bored at home and wallowing in self-pity.
You can pursue interests you enjoy. Video games, for example, are good if you're the type who can get into that kind of thing. Use your "hobby time" either to gain practical skills for college apps, job resumes, and scholarships or get into something else in the creative field like painting or dance.___14___
Work at a job you can enjoy. Working is a great way to gain experience and to meet other people. When you do get out of college, interviewing companies will look at your prior work experience._____15_____If you can't find work, especially in this hard economic time, volunteer or make your own job.
A.Remember that the point of life is for you to enjoy it.
B.In fact, many of the "friends" you have when you are popular are not true friends.
C.Learn to appreciate small things.
D.Be sociable.
E.This will look great on your resume.
F.This is the time to start developing passions.
G.You should also find a hobby that is meaningful or practical.
【答案】11. C 12. B
13. D 14. F
15. E
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文，青年时期是人生最美好的时光，作者在文章里提出了一些让年轻人享受生活的具体建议。
【11题详解】
横线后一句“Whether it's having a computer, having friends, having a good supply of food, a bed to sleep on, family that loves you, having a decent education or simply being born in this world.”中所提及的内容都是生活里一些细小的事物，我们要学会对这些细小事物心存感激，它们是我们享受生活的重要内容。C项“Learn to appreciate small things.”符合语境，而且与本段最后一句呼应。故选择C项。
【12题详解】
横线前一句“….you don't have to be popular and have a gazillion friends to be happy.”告诉我们不必为了开心而去结交很多朋友。因为当你受欢迎的时候所结交的朋友通常都算不上真正的朋友，真正的朋友是在你患难的时候仍然帮助你的人。B项“In fact, many of the "friends" you have when you are popular are not true friends.”符合语境，故选择B项。
【13题详解】
后句“Participating in clubs, activities, and sports increases your chances of meeting new friends.”所列举的例子应该都是与社交活动相关的，D项“Be sociable”内容与语境一致，可以作为本段的中心思想。故选择D项。
【14题详解】
横线前句“Use your "hobby time" either to gain practical skills for college apps, job resumes, and scholarships or get into something else in the creative field like painting or dance”建议我们利用玩乐时间学习实用技能，进入绘画或舞蹈专业的领域。这是你发展个人激情的时间，F项“This is the time to start developing passions.”符合上下文语境，故选择F项。
【15题详解】
本段中前两句“Work at a job you can enjoy. Working is a great way to gain experience and to meet other people.”告诉年轻人要做自己喜欢的工作，这样可以获得工作经验并接触到更多的人。在未来的面试中以前的工作经历会让你的简历更加突出，增加获得工作的机会。E项“This will look great on your resume.”符合上下文语境，故选择E项。
第三部分:语言运用(共两节,满分45分)
第一节:完型填空(共20小题,每小题1.5分,满分30分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后各小题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
I was walking around in a Big Bazar store doing a shopping, when I saw a cashier talking to a boy who didn’t have enough money to buy what he wanted. The little boy was still holding the doll ___16___ his hand. At that time, I walked toward him and I asked him who he ___17___ to give this doll to. “It’s the doll ___18___ my sister loved most. I wanted to ___19___ her for her Birthday.” His eyes were so sad while saying this.
“My Sister has gone to be with God. Daddy says that Mommy is going to see God very soon too, so I thought that she could ___20___ the doll with her to give it to my sister.” My heart ___21___ stopped. Then he showed me a very nice ___22___ of him. He then told me “I want mommy to take my picture with her so my sister won’t ___23___ me, I love my mommy ___24___ I wish she doesn’t have to leave me.”
I quickly ___25___ for my wallet and said to the boy. “Suppose we ___26___ again, just in case you do have enough money ___27___ the doll?” I added some of my money to his, without him seeing and we started to count it.
The little boy said, “God heard my ___28___ last night. Thank God for giving me enough ___29___ to buy it.”
Then I remembered two days before a local ___30___ reported an ___31___ in which a woman and a little girl were badly ___32___ ．The little girl died right away, and the mother was left in a ___33___ state. Was this the family of the little boy?
Two days ___34___ , I read in the newspaper that the woman had passed away．I couldn't stop myself from going to the ___35___ . Teary-eyed, I felt that my life had been changed forever．
16. A. in B. on C. by D. at
17. A. desired B. wished C. expected D. longed
18. A. what B. who C. that D. which
19. A. show B. respect C. represent D. gift
20. A. bring B. take C. fetch D. send
21. A. nearly B. rarely C. hardly D. merely
22. A. present B. card C. wish D. photo
23. A. forget B. forgive C. hate D. dislike
24. A. but B. since C. and D. or
25. A. arrived B. reached C. got D. searched
26. A. check B. find C. buy D. hold
27. A. with B. for C. to D. on
28. A. wish B. love C. heart D. prayer
29. A. time B. belongings C. money D. interest
30. A. newspaper B. report C. advertisement D. poster
31. A. incident B. accident C. event D. coincidence
32. A. injured B. harmful C. wounded D. infected
33. A. serious B. disturbed C. steady D. stable
34. A. before B. afterwards C. then D. later
35. A. store B. hospital C. home D. funeral
【答案】16. A 17. B 18. C 19. D 20. B 21. A 22. D 23. A 24. C 25. B 26. A 27. B 28. D 29. C 30. A 31. B 32. A 33. A 34. D 35. D
【解析】
本文是一篇记叙文，文章介绍作者看见一个男孩想给死去的妹妹买个圣诞礼物，但是钱不够，作者在男孩不注意的情况下给了男孩一些钱，完成了男孩的心愿，作者自己的生活也因此改变。
【16题详解】
考查介词辨析。A. in在…里；B. on在…上；C. by通过；D. at在…地方；介词短语in his hand在他的手里。句意：小男孩的手里拿着一个玩具娃娃。故A项正确。
【17题详解】
考查动词辨析及上下文串联。A. desired打算；B. wished希望；C. expected期待；D. longed渴望；我朝他走过去问他希望把这个玩具娃娃送给谁。C项与句意不符，B项常表示人们的强烈希望做的事情却没有做成。根据下文可知小男孩的姐姐去世了，他的愿望没有实现。故B项正确。
【18题详解】
考查强调句型。句意：这是我姐姐最喜欢的娃娃。强调句型的基本结构是：It is/was+被强调成分+that/who+其他成分；本句强调的是宾语the doll。故C项正确。
【19题详解】
考查动词辨析。A. show展示；B. respect尊敬；C. represent呈现；D. gift送礼物给…；这是我姐姐最喜欢的娃娃，我想送给她做生日礼物。综合上下文可知D项正确。
【20题详解】
考查动词辨析。A. bring带来；B. take带走；C. fetch去取，去拿；D. send送；小男孩说：我的姐姐已经和上帝在一起了，爸爸说妈妈也要去见上帝了。所以我想妈妈把这个娃娃带给姐姐。根据句意可知应该使用take表示妈妈把这个礼物带走。故B项正确。
【21题详解】
考查副词辨析。A. nearly几乎；B. rarely很少；C. hardly几乎不；D. merely很少；小男孩说的话让我很震惊，我的心脏几乎要停止跳动了。故A项正确。
【22题详解】
考查上下文串联。A. present礼物；B. card卡片；C. wish愿望；D. photo照片；根据下文“take my picture with her”可知小男孩给我看一张照片。故D项正确。
【23题详解】
考查动词辨析。A. forget忘记；B. forgive原谅；C. hate讨厌；D. dislike不喜欢；小男孩希望妈妈把照片带给姐姐，让姐姐经常看看照片不会忘记他。故A项正确。
【24题详解】
考查连词辨析。A. but但是；B. since自从；既然；C. and和；D. or否则；小男孩说他爱妈妈，并希望妈妈不要离开他。根据句意可知上下文是并列关系，故C项正确。
【25题详解】
考查动词辨析及固定短语。A. arrived到达；B. reached伸出；C. got得到；D. searched搜查；短语reach for伸手去拿；我迅速伸手去拿钱包并对男孩说：我们再核对一下钱，以防你有足够的钱买这个娃娃。综合句意可知B项正确。
【26题详解】
考查动词辨析。A. check核查；B. find发现；C. buy购买；D. hold控制，拿住；我迅速伸手去拿钱包并对男孩说：我们再核对一下钱，以防你有足够的钱买这个娃娃。故A项正确。
【27题详解】
考查介词辨析。A. with和…；B. for为了；C. to向…；D. on在…上；短语have money for…有钱买….；我让男孩再核实一下钱，以防有足够的钱买娃娃。故B项正确。
【28题详解】
考查名词辨析。A. wish愿望，希望；B. love爱；C. heart心脏；D. prayer祈祷；小男孩说上帝听到了他昨天晚上的祈祷，给了他足够的钱买娃娃。故D项正确。
【29题详解】
考查名词辨析及上下文串联。A. time时间；B. belongings财产，所有物；C. money钱；D. interest利益；根据12空后“I added some of my money to his, without him seeing and we started to count it.”可知我在小男孩的钱里又加了一些，保证他有足够的钱买娃娃。故C项正确。
【30题详解】
考查动词辨析及生活常识。A. newspaper报纸；B. report报道；C. advertisement广告；D. poster海报；我记得两天前当地一家报纸报道了一起事故，在事故里一个小女孩受了重伤，妈妈也处于重伤状态。通常都是报纸报道这样的事故，下文I read in the newspaper that the woman had passed away也给了提示，故A项正确。
【31题详解】
考查名词辨析。A. incident小事件；B. accident事故；C. event重大事件；运动项目；D. coincidence巧合的事情。在事故中一个小女孩受了重伤，妈妈也处于严重的状态。人们通常在事故里受伤等，故B项正确。
【32题详解】
考查上下文串联。A. injured受伤的；B. harmful有害的；C. wounded受伤的（战场上的刀伤或枪伤）；D. infected感染的；在事故里小女孩受了重伤，妈妈也处于严重的状态。与下句小女孩死亡呼应，故A项正确。
【33题详解】
考查形容词辨析。A. serious严重的；B. disturbed被打扰的；C. steady稳定的；D. stable稳固的；在事故里一个小女孩受了重伤，妈妈也处于严重受伤的状态。与上文男孩说妈妈也要去见上帝及下文的I read in the newspaper that the woman had passed away呼应，说明妈妈伤得严重。故A项正确。
【34题详解】
考查固定搭配。“一段时间+later”意为“一段时间以后”。句意：两天以后，在报纸里我了解到那位母亲也去世了。故D项正确。
【35题详解】
考查名词辨析及生活常识A. store商店；B. hospital医院；C. home家；D. funeral葬礼；我无法阻止我去参加这个葬礼，眼里都是眼泪，我感觉我的生活也发生了永远的变化。人去世以后，要举行葬礼。故D项正确。
第II卷
注意：将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
If ___36___ (give) the choice, a great many people would change at least one aspect of their appearance. They would request a doctor to give them a straighter nose, ___37___ (big) lips, and so on.
Firstly, one’s appearance is___38___ or her parents’ blessing. After breast enlargement surgery, many women look sexier than before. ___39___, many of them are later diagnosed with mammary diseases. The more serious effect is ___40___ they risk ___41___ (be) unable to breast-feed. Secondly, the advocating___42___such a practice will mislead people in the___43___ (judge) of beauty. The concept of beauty is quite rich in its content. It should include many virtues like honesty, diligence, and so on, which should form the real mainstream of our spiritual life. The practice and the debates about man-made beauty will confuse those who are to develop ___44___ correct concept of beauty.
Concerning the above possible ___45___ (harm) the practice may bring about, I am strongly against it and advocate seeking true and natural beauty. Besides, people, especially women, should lay more attention on the cultivation of their inner hearts. The inner beauty outweighs the outside beauty in the long run.
【答案】36. given
37. bigger 38. his
39. However
40. that 41. being
42. for 43. judgement
44. a 45. harms
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇议论文，主要讨论了整容给人们带来的负面影响及什么是真正的美。
【36题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：如果给选择的机会，很多人至少会改变他们外貌的一个方面。本句主语a great many people与动词give构成被动关系，要用过去分词表示被动。所以要填given。
【37题详解】
考查形容词。句意：他们会要求医生给他一个更直的鼻子，更大的嘴唇等。句中比较级bigger与前面的straighter构成并列结构，所以要填bigger。
【38题详解】
考查代词。句意：首先，一个人的外表是他或她父母亲的赐福。人的性别有男有女，用his和her构成并列关系，所以要填his。
【39题详解】
考查副词。句意：做完隆胸手术以后，很多人看起来比以前更加性感。然而，很多人后来都被诊断患有乳房疾病。根据句意可知上下文是转折关系，且横线前面有符合隔开，要填表示转折意义的副词however引导上下文。使用要填However。
【40题详解】
考查表语从句。句意：更严重的影响是她们冒着不能喂奶的危险。句中that引导表语从句，在句中不充当任何成分，只是一个引导词而已。所以要填that。
【41题详解】
考查动名词。句意：更严重的影响是她们冒着不能喂奶的危险。动词短语risk doing sth意为“冒险做某事”，和be able to do sth连用；句中要用being able to…做risk的宾语。所以要填being。
【42题详解】
考查介词。句意：第二，倡导这样的做法会在判断美的方面误导人们。动词advocate与介词for连用，表示倡导某事。所以要填介词for。
【43题详解】
考查名词。第二，倡导这样的做法会在判断美的方面误导人们。在定冠词the的后面通常要加名词，本句中要用名词形式做介词in的宾语，所以要填judgement。
【44题详解】
考查冠词。句意：这种做法和关于人造美的争论会让那些形成正确的美的概念的人很困惑。句中名词concept意为“概念”，是一个可数名词，用不定冠词a修饰，表示泛指。所以要填不定冠词a。
【45题详解】
考查名词及上下文。句意：关于这种行为可能会带来的上文的可能的害处…。在英语里形容词的后面通常接名词代词，句中使用形容词possible修饰名词harm，上文提及了不止一个害处，要用复数形式。所以要填复数形式harms。
【点睛】本文小题6考查了动词短语risk doing sth的用法。动词短语是以动词为中心的两个或多个词构成的短语，此类短语中往往是动词与介词或副词连用的多些。这种会有许多固定搭配，需要多多积累一些使用频率较高的短语动词搭配。
例1：The us consists ____fifty states.
根据常识可知美国由50个州组成，故横线处与前一词组合，表示“由组成”，所以答案是of。
例2：Mrs. Baker was ill，so her daughter had to ask for leave to take _____of her.
根据常识可知生病需要人照顾，所以答案是care，与前后的词构成take care of。
第四部分 写作（共两节，总分40分）
第一节 应用文写作（满分15分）
46.假如你是某外语特色学校的高三学生李华，临近毕业，受学生会邀请在全校师生会上发言，请用英语写一篇演讲稿，要点如下：
1.简单回顾过去
2.表示感谢
3.展望未来
注意：1.词数80左右；所给开头不计入词数。
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】 I am honored to make a speech here. During the past three years, we have experienced a lot. I still remember the moment when we first stepped into this school with passion and hope. I still remember the moment we cried for our failures in exams, rebuilt our faith in our struggles and cheered our success in competitions. From the beginning to the end, we were not alone. We were backed up by our parents and teachers and friends. Thank you for all your support and encouragement.
Graduation is a beginning rather than an end. We were challenged and we will be challenged. Now, we are starting a new journey. With an undying hope, we guarantee you a never-regret life.
That’s all, thank you.
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇开放类书面表达，要求考生把自己当成李华，临近毕业，受学生会邀请在全校师生会上发言，写一篇演讲稿回顾过去，表示感谢并展望未来。文章要点基本由考生自行组织，总体难度较大。
【详解】第1步：审题。根据文字提示可知本文是一篇演讲稿，要求考生在演讲稿中简单回顾过去，表示感谢，展望未来。文章以第一人称为主。
第2步：组织要点。1.简单回顾过去：高中三年经历很多，考试失败、重树信心；2.表示感谢：感谢老师和父母亲的支持；3.展望未来：毕业只是一个开始，一定会努力开始新征程。
第3步：根据提示及关键词组进行遣词造句，关键词为experience a lot、step into this school with passion and hope、cry for failures、rebuild our faith、back up、support and encouragement、start a new journey等。写作时注意演讲稿的格式和惯用语。
第4步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。
【点睛】本篇范文结构完美，条理清晰。范文时态和人称运用准确，涵盖了文字提示要求的所有要点，且有适当的个人发挥。考生运用了多样式的句型结构，整篇文章富有变化并不死板。使用了较多的高级词汇，如faith、back up、guarantee等；尽量运用了丰富的句式，如定语从句和I still remember the moment when we first stepped into this school with passion and hope.同时文章还运用了一些串联成分，这些串联词让各个要点更为紧密地结合在一起。以上写作技巧的运用提升了文章的层次，显示了考生具有很强的驾驭语言的能力。
第二节 概要写作（满分25分）
47.阅读下面的短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的概要。
In 1878, when Margaret Wolfe Hungerford wrote “Beauty is in the eye of the beholder”, she was stating that there was no consistent（never changing）view on beauty. Standards of beauty change across time and cultural groups.
Traditions and fashions, like society itself, change and adapt with time. So it is reasonable that our ideas of beauty change as well. In 19th-century Europe, women used to wear corsets to achieve a body shape that is no longer considered healthy. Men would wear woolen shawls across their shoulders. It is hard to imagine that they would be seen as attractive in the 21st century. Nowadays, in the western world, one in every ten people has a tattoos or a form of body art. In the past, some cultures used tattoos as an addition to costumes, to show family associations or to mark criminals so that they could easily be recognized.
In contemporary society, culture remains a major part in determining our ideas of beauty. In some countries, young women follow slimming diets to lose extra kilos in preparation for their wedding day. In other cultures, looking thin for a husband-to-be is not what a woman desires at all—rather, looking a little overweight is considered more attractive.
With the influence of history, society and culture, there are no precise criteria which can be used to judge what is beautiful. Life long commitment and, indeed, the survival of society itself rely on people seeing beauty in difference and depth. The human race would soon die out if we could only see beauty within a set of limited criteria.
Physical beauty must also be accompanied by an attraction to something deeper within a person. This particular kind of attraction is found in a wide range of personal qualities, e.g. kindness, warmth, a healthy conscience, etc. judging the appeal of a person’s inner beauty is much more subjective. It takes more than a casual glance to appreciate and it is much more important than physical beauty.
Beauty, therefore, has more than one dimension. We are influenced by our culture, our biology and our time in history to notice physical beauty quickly and easily, but it is inner beauty that requires us to truly see. Beauty is certainly in the eye of the beholder.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】There is no fixed standard of beauty. (要点一) Our ideas of beauty change across time and cultures. (要点二) In fact, beauty in difference and depth contributes to the survival of society. (要点三) While physical beauty can be noticed quickly and easily, inner beauty is more important but is more difficult to truly see.（要点四）As beauty has more than one dimension, it does live in the eye of the beholder.(要点五)
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇读概要写作，要求考生阅读全文，用60个字写出文章的概要。要求考生有很强的理解能力和总结概括能力，要点也均由考生自己组织，总体难度很大。
【详解】第1步：审题。根据文字提示可知本文是一篇概要，同时也是议论文，主要讨论人们对美的不同看法。全文以一般现在时和第三人称为主。
第2步：组织要点。文章告诉我们美是没有标准答案的，人们对美的观点随着时间和文化而变化；内在美比外在美更重要；美存在与多维度之中，也许旁观者才可以看清真正的美。
第3步：根据提示及关键词组进行遣词造句，关键词为no fixed standard、change across time and cultures、contribute to、more than one dimension。
第4步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。
【点睛】本篇范文结构完美，条理清晰。范文时态和人称运用准确，涵盖了文字提示要求的所有要点，且有适当的个人发挥。考生运用了多样式的句型结构，整篇文章富有变化并不死板。使用了较多的高级词汇，如contribute to、dimension、beholder等；尽量运用了丰富的句式，如让步状语从句While physical beauty can be noticed quickly and easily同时文章还运用了一些串联成分，这些串联词让各个要点更为紧密地结合在一起。以上写作技巧的运用提升了文章的层次，显示了考生具有很强的驾驭语言的能力。
第I卷
第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分）
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音结束后，你将有两分钟时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What is the woman going to do?
A. To go to school.
B. To go home.
C. To pick up her children and cook.
2. What are the speakers mainly talking about?
A. The football. B. The money. C. The birthday.
3. What would Mr. Wolf like to drink?
A. A coke. B. A cold beer. C. Nothing.
4. Where are the speakers?
A. In the woman’s house. B. In a shop. C. In a hotel.
5. What does the man mean?
A. He likes to put money in the bank because of security.
B. He doesn’t like to put money in the bank at all.
C. He doesn’t like to put money in the bank because it has no risk.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. Why did Leonard quit his job?
A. He wanted to be a lawyer.
B. He didn’t like the job.
C. He didn’t want to work so many hours every day.
7. What did the man think about the job?
A. Not bad. B. Interesting. C. Very challenging.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8. Who are the two speakers?
A. A man and his girlfriend. B. A man and his wife. C. A man and his sister.
9. Why is the man unhappy about their weekends?
A. They seldom invite friends over.
B. They seldom go out for a picnic.
C. They seldom spend the weekends together.
10. On which aspect of the picnic do the man and woman differ?
A. Who should get the car ready?
B. How many friends they should invite?
C. What food and drink they should prepare?
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11. How much time is left before the film?
A. 10 minute. B. 20 minutes. C. 30 minutes.
12. What else do the Indians use popcorns to do?
A. In their hairstyles.
B. In their wedding ceremonies.
C. In their necklaces.
13. When were popcorns served at the first Thanksgiving dinner?
A. In 1621. B. In 1930. C. In 1947.
听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。
14. Where does the conversation take place?
A. In the mountain. B. By the lakeside. C. On the highway.
15. How is the woman feeling now?
A. Ashamed. B. Worded. C. Disappointed.
16. What can we learn from the conversation?
A. The dog can’t get lost.
B. The dog is stolen by someone.
C. The dog knows the way around the lake.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. Who is the woman probably phoning?
A. The health department.
B. The repairman.
C. The landlord.
18. What is the woman complaining about?
A. The heater in her room is going to break down.
B. Her room doesn’t have a heater.
C. Her room is too cold.
19. What day is it when the heat is gone again?
A. Wednesday. B. Friday. C. Monday.
20. What does the woman want Mr. Tyler to do?
A. Repair the heater next Monday.
B. Repair the heater right now.
C. Complain to the repairman.
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分35分）
第一节（共10小题，每小题2.5分，满分25分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Crossing your legs is an extremely common habit. While you may find it comfortable to sit with one knee crossed over the other, it might be causing health problems that you are not aware of.
A study published in Blood Pressure Monitoring stated that sitting with your legs crossed can increase your blood pressure. The reason is that crossing one leg over the other increases resistance, making it even harder for the blood to circulate and increase your blood pressure. Thus, you shouldn’t have your legs crossed for more than 15 minutes, and it’s important that you get up and walk around at least once every hour.
Crossing your legs can also lead to neck and back pain. Ideally, it’s best for our bodies to sit with our feet planted flat on the floor. When you sit with your legs crossed your hips are in a twisted position, which can cause pressure on your lower and middle back and neck.
You also might notice that when you sit with your legs crossed for long periods of time your feet and legs get painful. This is because when one leg sits on top of the other, it causes pressure on the veins and nerves in your legs and feet. While the feeling of discomfort may only last a minute or two, repeatedly crossing your legs until they feel numb can cause permanent nerve damage.
So next time you sit down, try to get yourself in the habit of sitting with both of your feet on the floor. Not only will it help your posture and stability, but it will also save your health in the long run.
1. A study published in Blood Pressure Monitoring showed that .
A. crossing your legs can raise your blood pressure
B. crossing one leg over the other can increase the blood circulation
C. you should have your legs crossed once every hour
D. you should get up and walk around for more than 15 minutes
2. Crossing your legs can cause some health problems except .
A. pressure on veins and nerves in legs and feet
B. permanent nerve damage
C. unstable posture
D. neck and back pain
3. What seems to be the writer’s attitude toward crossing legs?
A. Supportive. B. Negative.
C. Casual. D. Confused.
【答案】1. A 2. C 3. B
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了交叉双腿坐对我们的健康带来的负面影响，包括血压升高、影响神经、脖子和后背疼痛等。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“A study published in Blood Pressure Monitoring stated that sitting with your legs crossed can increase your blood pressure.”可知这项研究发现交叉双腿坐着会让人的血压升高。故A项正确。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段和第四段“Crossing your legs can also lead to neck and back pain. This is because when one leg sits on top of the other, it causes pressure on the veins and nerves in your legs and feet. While the feeling of discomfort may only last a minute or two, repeatedly crossing your legs until they feel numb can cause permanent nerve damage.”可知ABD三项都是交叉双腿可能带来的健康问题，文章里并没有涉及C项。故选择C项。
【3题详解】
态度观点题。本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了交叉双腿坐对我们的健康带来的负面影响，包括血压升高、影响神经、脖子和后背疼痛等。说明作者认为交叉双腿坐是非常不好的习惯，我们要消除这种想法。作者的态度是负面消极的。故B项正确。
【点睛】本文小题3考查了态度观点题。高考阅读测试中有些题目考查学生对文章作者的主导思想、被描写人物语气、言谈话语中流露的情绪、性格倾向和作用或文中人物的态度、观点等方面的理解。做这一类题时一定注意：
（1）由表及里地准确把握字里行间的意思，切勿用自己的主观想法或观点代替作者的思想观点。
（2）特别注意那些描写环境气氛的语言，以及表达感情，态度观点的词语。要特别注意作者在文章中的措辞，尤其是感情色彩的形容词。
（3）能结合自己平时积累的有关英语国家的文化传统、风俗习惯等背景知识来识别评价。
以小题3为例，文章中表达感情和态度的短语 “increase your blood pressure、lead to neck and back pain、cause pressure on your lower and middle back and neck、cause permanent nerve damage.”的“blood pressure、pain、damage”都表示负面含义，说明作者的观点也是消极的。
B
Microsoft has developed a new smart phone app that interprets eye signals and translates them into letters, allowing people with motor neurone disease to communicate with others from a phone.
The GazeSpeak app combines a smartphone’s camera with artificial intelligence to recognize eye movements in real time and convert(改变) them into letters, words and sentences.
For people suffering from ALS（渐冻症）, also known as motor neurone disease, eye movement can be the only way they are able to communicate.
“Current eye-tracking input systems for people with ALS or other motor impairments are expensive, not robust under sunlight, and require frequent re-calibration and substantial, relatively immobile setups,” said Xiaoyi Zhang, a researcher at Microsoft who developed the technology.
“To mitigate the drawbacks…we created GazeSpeak, an eye-gesture communication system that runs on a smartphone, and is designed to be low-cost, robust, portable and easy to learn.”
The app is used by the listener by pointing their smartphone at the speaker. A chart that can be stuck to the back of the smartphone is then used by the speaker to determine which eye movements to make in order to communicate.
The sticker shows four grids(方格) of letters, which each correspond to a different eye movement. By looking up, down, left or right, the speaker selects which grids the letters they want belong to. The artificial intelligence algorithm（程序） is then able to predict the word or sentence they are trying to say.
4. What does the underlined word “mitigate” in paragraph 5 probably mean?
A. ignore B. destroy
C. increase D. reduce
5. The passage mainly tells us ________ .
A. The advantages of Gaze Speak over the Current eye-tracking input systems.
B. Smartphone App helps ALS suffers speak with their eyes movement.
C. The sticker plays an important role in Gaze Speak.
D. The writer is making an advertisement for Gaze Speaker.
6. What’s the writer’s attitude towards the invention of Gaze Speaker?
A. doubtful B. negative
C. favorable D. unclear
【答案】4. D 5. B 6. D
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文，微软公司开发出了一个手机APP可以把眼部信号转换成字母单词，让患有运动神经元疾病的人与别人交流。文章对这个软件做了详细介绍。
【4题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第四段“Current eye-tracking input systems for people with ALS or other motor impairments are expensive, not robust under sunlight, and require frequent re-calibration (重新校对) and substantial, relatively immobile setups,”可知现在的眼动追踪系统有很多的缺点，为了尽量减少这些缺点，人们创造出了GazeSpeak.“mitigate”意为“减少”与reduce同义，故D项正确。
【5题详解】
主旨大意题。本文是一篇说明文，微软公司开发出了一个手机APP可以把眼部信号转换成字母单词，让患有运动神经元疾病的人与别人交流。文章对这个软件做了详细介绍。故B项正确。
【6题详解】
态度观点题。在本文中作者客观地介绍了微软公司开发出了一个手机APP可以把眼部信号转换成字母单词，让患有运动神经元疾病的人与别人交流。并没有发表个人观点，所以他的态度并不明确。故D项正确。
C
Sleep deprivation(缺失)is an important hidden factor in lowering the achievement of school pupils, according to researchers carrying out international education tests.
It is a particular problem in richer countries with sleep experts linking it to the use of mobile phones and computers in bedroom late at night. Sleep deprivation is such a serious problem that lessons have to be dragged down to a lower level to suit sleep-deprived learners, the study found. The international comparison, carried out by Boston College, found the United States to have the highest number of sleep-deprived students, with 73% of 9- and 10-year-olds and 80% of 13- and 14-year-olds identified by their teachers as being negatively affected.
In literacy(读写能力) tests there were 76% of 9- and 10-year-olds lacking sleep. This was much higher than the international average of 47% of primary pupils needing more sleep and 57% among the secondary age group.
Other countries with the most sleep-deprived youngsters were New Zealand, Saudi Arabia, Australia, England, Ireland and France. High-performing Finland is also among the most lacking in sleep. Countries with the best records for getting enough sleep include Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Portugal, the Czech Republic, Japan and Malta.
The analysis was part of the huge date-gathering process for global education rankings, the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study(TIMSS)and Progress in International Reading Literacy Study(PIRLS)
“I think we underestimate the impact of sleep. Our data show that across countries internationally, on average, children who have more sleep achieve higher in maths, science and reading. That is exactly what our data show,” says Chad Minnich of the TIMSS and PIRLS International Study Center.
“It’s the same link for children who are lacking basic nutrition,” says Mr Minnich, based at the Lynch School of Education, Boston College. “If you are unable to concentrate, to attend mentally, you are unable to achieve at your best level, because your mind and body are in need of something more basic. Sleep is a fundamental need for all children. If teachers report such large proportions of children suffering from lack of sleep, it’s having a significant impact. But worse than that, teachers are having to adjust their instruction based on those children who are suffering from a lack of sleep. The children who are suffering from a lack of sleep are driving down instruction.”
That means that even the children who are getting enough sleep are still suffering from this sleep-related lowering.
7. What did the researchers of Boston College try to find
A. Why children don’t get enough sleep
B. How many hours children sleep every night
C. The relationship between sleep and test results
D. The relationship between sleep and health
8. Many children suffer from sleep deprivation because _________.
A. they sit in front of the TV for too long
B. they can hardly sleep soundly and deeply
C. their homework occupies too much of their time
D. modern technological devices consume a lot of their time
9. Which of the following countries has the most sleep-deprived students
A. Japan B. Malta
C. Finland D. Portugal
10. Why are children who get enough sleep also victims
A. Because they are disturbed by sleep-deprived students
B. Because teaching is driven down by sleep-deprived students
C. Because they have to spend time helping sleep-deprived students
D. Because the teachers waste time disciplining sleep-deprived students
【答案】7. C 8. D 9. C 10. B
【解析】
试题分析：据开展国际教育测试的研究人员报道，在降低学生成绩的过程中，睡眠是一个重要的隐藏因素。教师要以遭受缺乏睡眠的那些孩子为基础进行调整。
【7题详解】
C推理判断题。根据文章第一段Sleep deprivation(缺失)is an important hidden factor in lowering the achievement of school pupils, according to researchers carrying out international education tests. 据开展国际教育测试的研究人员报道，在降低学生成绩的过程中，睡眠是一个重要的隐藏因素；文章最后一句That means that even the children who are getting enough sleep are still suffering from this sleep-related lowering.那意味着甚至得到足够睡眠的孩子仍然遭受着睡眠相对低的痛苦。故选C。
【8题详解】
D推理判断题。根据第二段第一句It is a particular problem in richer countries with sleep experts linking it to the use of mobile phones and computers in bedroom late at night在更富裕的国家，在晚上很晚的时候用手机和电脑与睡眠专家联系起来，它是一个特别的问题。故选D。
【9题详解】
C细节理解题。根据第四段第二句High-performing Finland is also among the most lacking in sleep. 高效执行的Finland也是在睡眠中最缺乏的。故选C。
【10题详解】
B推理判断题。根据最后一段倒数第二句worse than that, teachers are having to adjust their instruction based on those children who are suffering from a lack of sleep. The children who are suffering from a lack of sleep are driving down instruction.”比那更糟糕的，老师正不得不调试他们的以遭受缺乏睡眠的那些孩子为基础的指导。遭受睡眠缺乏的孩子们正驾驶指导。故选B。
考点：考查科普类阅读
第二节（共5个小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
How to Enjoy Life As a Teen
Are high school days equal to the "best years of your life"? Maybe not, but you can learn to make the most of your high school days.
___11___Whether it's having a computer, having friends, having a good supply of food, a bed to sleep on, family that loves you, having a decent education or simply being born in this world. Be happy, and life will reward you. Remember that these are the last few years you will be able to enjoy yourself without having to worry about the responsibility of an adult, but make sure you prepare yourself for when you do become one.
Choose your friends wisely. Unlike what many articles state, you don't have to be popular and have a gazillion friends to be happy._______12_______Try to have friends that like you who you are, not just because you are wearing a certain brand of shoes or something like that. These are people who shop at the same store as you; not someone who will sympathize with you when your dog dies.
___13___Participating in clubs, activities, and sports increases your chances of meeting new friends. While you only need 4 or 5 close friends, that doesn't mean you shouldn't try to meet new people. Participating gives you something to do instead of sitting bored at home and wallowing in self-pity.
You can pursue interests you enjoy. Video games, for example, are good if you're the type who can get into that kind of thing. Use your "hobby time" either to gain practical skills for college apps, job resumes, and scholarships or get into something else in the creative field like painting or dance.___14___
Work at a job you can enjoy. Working is a great way to gain experience and to meet other people. When you do get out of college, interviewing companies will look at your prior work experience._____15_____If you can't find work, especially in this hard economic time, volunteer or make your own job.
A.Remember that the point of life is for you to enjoy it.
B.In fact, many of the "friends" you have when you are popular are not true friends.
C.Learn to appreciate small things.
D.Be sociable.
E.This will look great on your resume.
F.This is the time to start developing passions.
G.You should also find a hobby that is meaningful or practical.
【答案】11. C 12. B
13. D 14. F
15. E
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文，青年时期是人生最美好的时光，作者在文章里提出了一些让年轻人享受生活的具体建议。
【11题详解】
横线后一句“Whether it's having a computer, having friends, having a good supply of food, a bed to sleep on, family that loves you, having a decent education or simply being born in this world.”中所提及的内容都是生活里一些细小的事物，我们要学会对这些细小事物心存感激，它们是我们享受生活的重要内容。C项“Learn to appreciate small things.”符合语境，而且与本段最后一句呼应。故选择C项。
【12题详解】
横线前一句“….you don't have to be popular and have a gazillion friends to be happy.”告诉我们不必为了开心而去结交很多朋友。因为当你受欢迎的时候所结交的朋友通常都算不上真正的朋友，真正的朋友是在你患难的时候仍然帮助你的人。B项“In fact, many of the "friends" you have when you are popular are not true friends.”符合语境，故选择B项。
【13题详解】
后句“Participating in clubs, activities, and sports increases your chances of meeting new friends.”所列举的例子应该都是与社交活动相关的，D项“Be sociable”内容与语境一致，可以作为本段的中心思想。故选择D项。
【14题详解】
横线前句“Use your "hobby time" either to gain practical skills for college apps, job resumes, and scholarships or get into something else in the creative field like painting or dance”建议我们利用玩乐时间学习实用技能，进入绘画或舞蹈专业的领域。这是你发展个人激情的时间，F项“This is the time to start developing passions.”符合上下文语境，故选择F项。
【15题详解】
本段中前两句“Work at a job you can enjoy. Working is a great way to gain experience and to meet other people.”告诉年轻人要做自己喜欢的工作，这样可以获得工作经验并接触到更多的人。在未来的面试中以前的工作经历会让你的简历更加突出，增加获得工作的机会。E项“This will look great on your resume.”符合上下文语境，故选择E项。
第三部分:语言运用(共两节,满分45分)
第一节:完型填空(共20小题,每小题1.5分,满分30分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后各小题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
I was walking around in a Big Bazar store doing a shopping, when I saw a cashier talking to a boy who didn’t have enough money to buy what he wanted. The little boy was still holding the doll ___16___ his hand. At that time, I walked toward him and I asked him who he ___17___ to give this doll to. “It’s the doll ___18___ my sister loved most. I wanted to ___19___ her for her Birthday.” His eyes were so sad while saying this.
“My Sister has gone to be with God. Daddy says that Mommy is going to see God very soon too, so I thought that she could ___20___ the doll with her to give it to my sister.” My heart ___21___ stopped. Then he showed me a very nice ___22___ of him. He then told me “I want mommy to take my picture with her so my sister won’t ___23___ me, I love my mommy ___24___ I wish she doesn’t have to leave me.”
I quickly ___25___ for my wallet and said to the boy. “Suppose we ___26___ again, just in case you do have enough money ___27___ the doll?” I added some of my money to his, without him seeing and we started to count it.
The little boy said, “God heard my ___28___ last night. Thank God for giving me enough ___29___ to buy it.”
Then I remembered two days before a local ___30___ reported an ___31___ in which a woman and a little girl were badly ___32___ ．The little girl died right away, and the mother was left in a ___33___ state. Was this the family of the little boy?
Two days ___34___ , I read in the newspaper that the woman had passed away．I couldn't stop myself from going to the ___35___ . Teary-eyed, I felt that my life had been changed forever．
16. A. in B. on C. by D. at
17. A. desired B. wished C. expected D. longed
18. A. what B. who C. that D. which
19. A. show B. respect C. represent D. gift
20. A. bring B. take C. fetch D. send
21. A. nearly B. rarely C. hardly D. merely
22. A. present B. card C. wish D. photo
23. A. forget B. forgive C. hate D. dislike
24. A. but B. since C. and D. or
25. A. arrived B. reached C. got D. searched
26. A. check B. find C. buy D. hold
27. A. with B. for C. to D. on
28. A. wish B. love C. heart D. prayer
29. A. time B. belongings C. money D. interest
30. A. newspaper B. report C. advertisement D. poster
31. A. incident B. accident C. event D. coincidence
32. A. injured B. harmful C. wounded D. infected
33. A. serious B. disturbed C. steady D. stable
34. A. before B. afterwards C. then D. later
35. A. store B. hospital C. home D. funeral
【答案】16. A 17. B 18. C 19. D 20. B 21. A 22. D 23. A 24. C 25. B 26. A 27. B 28. D 29. C 30. A 31. B 32. A 33. A 34. D 35. D
【解析】
本文是一篇记叙文，文章介绍作者看见一个男孩想给死去的妹妹买个圣诞礼物，但是钱不够，作者在男孩不注意的情况下给了男孩一些钱，完成了男孩的心愿，作者自己的生活也因此改变。
【16题详解】
考查介词辨析。A. in在…里；B. on在…上；C. by通过；D. at在…地方；介词短语in his hand在他的手里。句意：小男孩的手里拿着一个玩具娃娃。故A项正确。
【17题详解】
考查动词辨析及上下文串联。A. desired打算；B. wished希望；C. expected期待；D. longed渴望；我朝他走过去问他希望把这个玩具娃娃送给谁。C项与句意不符，B项常表示人们的强烈希望做的事情却没有做成。根据下文可知小男孩的姐姐去世了，他的愿望没有实现。故B项正确。
【18题详解】
考查强调句型。句意：这是我姐姐最喜欢的娃娃。强调句型的基本结构是：It is/was+被强调成分+that/who+其他成分；本句强调的是宾语the doll。故C项正确。
【19题详解】
考查动词辨析。A. show展示；B. respect尊敬；C. represent呈现；D. gift送礼物给…；这是我姐姐最喜欢的娃娃，我想送给她做生日礼物。综合上下文可知D项正确。
【20题详解】
考查动词辨析。A. bring带来；B. take带走；C. fetch去取，去拿；D. send送；小男孩说：我的姐姐已经和上帝在一起了，爸爸说妈妈也要去见上帝了。所以我想妈妈把这个娃娃带给姐姐。根据句意可知应该使用take表示妈妈把这个礼物带走。故B项正确。
【21题详解】
考查副词辨析。A. nearly几乎；B. rarely很少；C. hardly几乎不；D. merely很少；小男孩说的话让我很震惊，我的心脏几乎要停止跳动了。故A项正确。
【22题详解】
考查上下文串联。A. present礼物；B. card卡片；C. wish愿望；D. photo照片；根据下文“take my picture with her”可知小男孩给我看一张照片。故D项正确。
【23题详解】
考查动词辨析。A. forget忘记；B. forgive原谅；C. hate讨厌；D. dislike不喜欢；小男孩希望妈妈把照片带给姐姐，让姐姐经常看看照片不会忘记他。故A项正确。
【24题详解】
考查连词辨析。A. but但是；B. since自从；既然；C. and和；D. or否则；小男孩说他爱妈妈，并希望妈妈不要离开他。根据句意可知上下文是并列关系，故C项正确。
【25题详解】
考查动词辨析及固定短语。A. arrived到达；B. reached伸出；C. got得到；D. searched搜查；短语reach for伸手去拿；我迅速伸手去拿钱包并对男孩说：我们再核对一下钱，以防你有足够的钱买这个娃娃。综合句意可知B项正确。
【26题详解】
考查动词辨析。A. check核查；B. find发现；C. buy购买；D. hold控制，拿住；我迅速伸手去拿钱包并对男孩说：我们再核对一下钱，以防你有足够的钱买这个娃娃。故A项正确。
【27题详解】
考查介词辨析。A. with和…；B. for为了；C. to向…；D. on在…上；短语have money for…有钱买….；我让男孩再核实一下钱，以防有足够的钱买娃娃。故B项正确。
【28题详解】
考查名词辨析。A. wish愿望，希望；B. love爱；C. heart心脏；D. prayer祈祷；小男孩说上帝听到了他昨天晚上的祈祷，给了他足够的钱买娃娃。故D项正确。
【29题详解】
考查名词辨析及上下文串联。A. time时间；B. belongings财产，所有物；C. money钱；D. interest利益；根据12空后“I added some of my money to his, without him seeing and we started to count it.”可知我在小男孩的钱里又加了一些，保证他有足够的钱买娃娃。故C项正确。
【30题详解】
考查动词辨析及生活常识。A. newspaper报纸；B. report报道；C. advertisement广告；D. poster海报；我记得两天前当地一家报纸报道了一起事故，在事故里一个小女孩受了重伤，妈妈也处于重伤状态。通常都是报纸报道这样的事故，下文I read in the newspaper that the woman had passed away也给了提示，故A项正确。
【31题详解】
考查名词辨析。A. incident小事件；B. accident事故；C. event重大事件；运动项目；D. coincidence巧合的事情。在事故中一个小女孩受了重伤，妈妈也处于严重的状态。人们通常在事故里受伤等，故B项正确。
【32题详解】
考查上下文串联。A. injured受伤的；B. harmful有害的；C. wounded受伤的（战场上的刀伤或枪伤）；D. infected感染的；在事故里小女孩受了重伤，妈妈也处于严重的状态。与下句小女孩死亡呼应，故A项正确。
【33题详解】
考查形容词辨析。A. serious严重的；B. disturbed被打扰的；C. steady稳定的；D. stable稳固的；在事故里一个小女孩受了重伤，妈妈也处于严重受伤的状态。与上文男孩说妈妈也要去见上帝及下文的I read in the newspaper that the woman had passed away呼应，说明妈妈伤得严重。故A项正确。
【34题详解】
考查固定搭配。“一段时间+later”意为“一段时间以后”。句意：两天以后，在报纸里我了解到那位母亲也去世了。故D项正确。
【35题详解】
考查名词辨析及生活常识A. store商店；B. hospital医院；C. home家；D. funeral葬礼；我无法阻止我去参加这个葬礼，眼里都是眼泪，我感觉我的生活也发生了永远的变化。人去世以后，要举行葬礼。故D项正确。
第II卷
注意：将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
If ___36___ (give) the choice, a great many people would change at least one aspect of their appearance. They would request a doctor to give them a straighter nose, ___37___ (big) lips, and so on.
Firstly, one’s appearance is___38___ or her parents’ blessing. After breast enlargement surgery, many women look sexier than before. ___39___, many of them are later diagnosed with mammary diseases. The more serious effect is ___40___ they risk ___41___ (be) unable to breast-feed. Secondly, the advocating___42___such a practice will mislead people in the___43___ (judge) of beauty. The concept of beauty is quite rich in its content. It should include many virtues like honesty, diligence, and so on, which should form the real mainstream of our spiritual life. The practice and the debates about man-made beauty will confuse those who are to develop ___44___ correct concept of beauty.
Concerning the above possible ___45___ (harm) the practice may bring about, I am strongly against it and advocate seeking true and natural beauty. Besides, people, especially women, should lay more attention on the cultivation of their inner hearts. The inner beauty outweighs the outside beauty in the long run.
【答案】36. given
37. bigger 38. his
39. However
40. that 41. being
42. for 43. judgement
44. a 45. harms
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇议论文，主要讨论了整容给人们带来的负面影响及什么是真正的美。
【36题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：如果给选择的机会，很多人至少会改变他们外貌的一个方面。本句主语a great many people与动词give构成被动关系，要用过去分词表示被动。所以要填given。
【37题详解】
考查形容词。句意：他们会要求医生给他一个更直的鼻子，更大的嘴唇等。句中比较级bigger与前面的straighter构成并列结构，所以要填bigger。
【38题详解】
考查代词。句意：首先，一个人的外表是他或她父母亲的赐福。人的性别有男有女，用his和her构成并列关系，所以要填his。
【39题详解】
考查副词。句意：做完隆胸手术以后，很多人看起来比以前更加性感。然而，很多人后来都被诊断患有乳房疾病。根据句意可知上下文是转折关系，且横线前面有符合隔开，要填表示转折意义的副词however引导上下文。使用要填However。
【40题详解】
考查表语从句。句意：更严重的影响是她们冒着不能喂奶的危险。句中that引导表语从句，在句中不充当任何成分，只是一个引导词而已。所以要填that。
【41题详解】
考查动名词。句意：更严重的影响是她们冒着不能喂奶的危险。动词短语risk doing sth意为“冒险做某事”，和be able to do sth连用；句中要用being able to…做risk的宾语。所以要填being。
【42题详解】
考查介词。句意：第二，倡导这样的做法会在判断美的方面误导人们。动词advocate与介词for连用，表示倡导某事。所以要填介词for。
【43题详解】
考查名词。第二，倡导这样的做法会在判断美的方面误导人们。在定冠词the的后面通常要加名词，本句中要用名词形式做介词in的宾语，所以要填judgement。
【44题详解】
考查冠词。句意：这种做法和关于人造美的争论会让那些形成正确的美的概念的人很困惑。句中名词concept意为“概念”，是一个可数名词，用不定冠词a修饰，表示泛指。所以要填不定冠词a。
【45题详解】
考查名词及上下文。句意：关于这种行为可能会带来的上文的可能的害处…。在英语里形容词的后面通常接名词代词，句中使用形容词possible修饰名词harm，上文提及了不止一个害处，要用复数形式。所以要填复数形式harms。
【点睛】本文小题6考查了动词短语risk doing sth的用法。动词短语是以动词为中心的两个或多个词构成的短语，此类短语中往往是动词与介词或副词连用的多些。这种会有许多固定搭配，需要多多积累一些使用频率较高的短语动词搭配。
例1：The us consists ____fifty states.
根据常识可知美国由50个州组成，故横线处与前一词组合，表示“由组成”，所以答案是of。
例2：Mrs. Baker was ill，so her daughter had to ask for leave to take _____of her.
根据常识可知生病需要人照顾，所以答案是care，与前后的词构成take care of。
第四部分 写作（共两节，总分40分）
第一节 应用文写作（满分15分）
46.假如你是某外语特色学校的高三学生李华，临近毕业，受学生会邀请在全校师生会上发言，请用英语写一篇演讲稿，要点如下：
1.简单回顾过去
2.表示感谢
3.展望未来
注意：1.词数80左右；所给开头不计入词数。
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】 I am honored to make a speech here. During the past three years, we have experienced a lot. I still remember the moment when we first stepped into this school with passion and hope. I still remember the moment we cried for our failures in exams, rebuilt our faith in our struggles and cheered our success in competitions. From the beginning to the end, we were not alone. We were backed up by our parents and teachers and friends. Thank you for all your support and encouragement.
Graduation is a beginning rather than an end. We were challenged and we will be challenged. Now, we are starting a new journey. With an undying hope, we guarantee you a never-regret life.
That’s all, thank you.
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇开放类书面表达，要求考生把自己当成李华，临近毕业，受学生会邀请在全校师生会上发言，写一篇演讲稿回顾过去，表示感谢并展望未来。文章要点基本由考生自行组织，总体难度较大。
【详解】第1步：审题。根据文字提示可知本文是一篇演讲稿，要求考生在演讲稿中简单回顾过去，表示感谢，展望未来。文章以第一人称为主。
第2步：组织要点。1.简单回顾过去：高中三年经历很多，考试失败、重树信心；2.表示感谢：感谢老师和父母亲的支持；3.展望未来：毕业只是一个开始，一定会努力开始新征程。
第3步：根据提示及关键词组进行遣词造句，关键词为experience a lot、step into this school with passion and hope、cry for failures、rebuild our faith、back up、support and encouragement、start a new journey等。写作时注意演讲稿的格式和惯用语。
第4步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。
【点睛】本篇范文结构完美，条理清晰。范文时态和人称运用准确，涵盖了文字提示要求的所有要点，且有适当的个人发挥。考生运用了多样式的句型结构，整篇文章富有变化并不死板。使用了较多的高级词汇，如faith、back up、guarantee等；尽量运用了丰富的句式，如定语从句和I still remember the moment when we first stepped into this school with passion and hope.同时文章还运用了一些串联成分，这些串联词让各个要点更为紧密地结合在一起。以上写作技巧的运用提升了文章的层次，显示了考生具有很强的驾驭语言的能力。
第二节 概要写作（满分25分）
47.阅读下面的短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的概要。
In 1878, when Margaret Wolfe Hungerford wrote “Beauty is in the eye of the beholder”, she was stating that there was no consistent（never changing）view on beauty. Standards of beauty change across time and cultural groups.
Traditions and fashions, like society itself, change and adapt with time. So it is reasonable that our ideas of beauty change as well. In 19th-century Europe, women used to wear corsets to achieve a body shape that is no longer considered healthy. Men would wear woolen shawls across their shoulders. It is hard to imagine that they would be seen as attractive in the 21st century. Nowadays, in the western world, one in every ten people has a tattoos or a form of body art. In the past, some cultures used tattoos as an addition to costumes, to show family associations or to mark criminals so that they could easily be recognized.
In contemporary society, culture remains a major part in determining our ideas of beauty. In some countries, young women follow slimming diets to lose extra kilos in preparation for their wedding day. In other cultures, looking thin for a husband-to-be is not what a woman desires at all—rather, looking a little overweight is considered more attractive.
With the influence of history, society and culture, there are no precise criteria which can be used to judge what is beautiful. Life long commitment and, indeed, the survival of society itself rely on people seeing beauty in difference and depth. The human race would soon die out if we could only see beauty within a set of limited criteria.
Physical beauty must also be accompanied by an attraction to something deeper within a person. This particular kind of attraction is found in a wide range of personal qualities, e.g. kindness, warmth, a healthy conscience, etc. judging the appeal of a person’s inner beauty is much more subjective. It takes more than a casual glance to appreciate and it is much more important than physical beauty.
Beauty, therefore, has more than one dimension. We are influenced by our culture, our biology and our time in history to notice physical beauty quickly and easily, but it is inner beauty that requires us to truly see. Beauty is certainly in the eye of the beholder.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】There is no fixed standard of beauty. (要点一) Our ideas of beauty change across time and cultures. (要点二) In fact, beauty in difference and depth contributes to the survival of society. (要点三) While physical beauty can be noticed quickly and easily, inner beauty is more important but is more difficult to truly see.（要点四）As beauty has more than one dimension, it does live in the eye of the beholder.(要点五)
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇读概要写作，要求考生阅读全文，用60个字写出文章的概要。要求考生有很强的理解能力和总结概括能力，要点也均由考生自己组织，总体难度很大。
【详解】第1步：审题。根据文字提示可知本文是一篇概要，同时也是议论文，主要讨论人们对美的不同看法。全文以一般现在时和第三人称为主。
第2步：组织要点。文章告诉我们美是没有标准答案的，人们对美的观点随着时间和文化而变化；内在美比外在美更重要；美存在与多维度之中，也许旁观者才可以看清真正的美。
第3步：根据提示及关键词组进行遣词造句，关键词为no fixed standard、change across time and cultures、contribute to、more than one dimension。
第4步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。
【点睛】本篇范文结构完美，条理清晰。范文时态和人称运用准确，涵盖了文字提示要求的所有要点，且有适当的个人发挥。考生运用了多样式的句型结构，整篇文章富有变化并不死板。使用了较多的高级词汇，如contribute to、dimension、beholder等；尽量运用了丰富的句式，如让步状语从句While physical beauty can be noticed quickly and easily同时文章还运用了一些串联成分，这些串联词让各个要点更为紧密地结合在一起。以上写作技巧的运用提升了文章的层次，显示了考生具有很强的驾驭语言的能力。
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