2020版高考英语总复习Unit2Cloning高考题型分组训练新人教版选修8

Unit 2 Cloning

高考题型分组训练

训练一　语言知识运用板块训练——重情理，练准度

(限时：25分钟)

Ⅰ.完形填空

(2018·河南五市高三模拟)You're surrounded by robots and you probably don't even know it. Most are not all that __1__ and they won't come up to you and speak like a friend. __2__ you're unaware of them, they know you're there. Robots are monitoring  __3__  in hospitals, providing banking services, __4__ people from burning buildings and assisting astronauts in __5__. Robots are everywhere.

Are robots __6__ or deadly enemies? Robotic expert Hans Moravec says intelligent robots today are no smarter than the average insect. But, don't feel too __7__ about that. For example, army ants in South America __8__ everything in their path when they go to war—forests, crops, buildings, people...

In case you __9__ don't care about our little mechanical friends,  __10__ this: Robot technology is currently __11__ at a rate 10 million times faster than the __12__ of animals.

Considering the advances in robot technology during the upcoming years, Moravec says that robots must pass through four __13__ of development before they rule the planet.

First robot technology must achieve the ability to __14__ as general purpose tools with software running at one million instructions per second (MIPS). Those robots will have the __15__ of reptiles(爬行动物).  Next,  this happening into 2020, robots will have acquired brains capable of __16__ 300 million MIPS, which will give them the intelligence of smart mice. A hundred billion MIPS will be __17__ sometime after 2030. By then robots will be provided by their __18__(humankind) with monkey like brains. __19__， at the dawn of 2040, robots will __20__ human intelligence and they will quickly surpass humans and challenge people for supremacy(至高无上) of the planet.

语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。随着科技的发展，机器人会越来越多地出现在我们的生活中。

1．A.slow     B．obvious

C．huge      D．valuable

[解析]　根据下文的“you're unaware of them，they know you're there”可知，有些机器人并不明显(obvious)。

[答案]　B

2．A.In case     B．If only

C．Even if     D．As if

[解析]　即使(Even if)你没有意识到他们，他们知道你在那里。

[答案]　C

3．A.researchers    B．scientists

C．nurses    D．patients

[解析]　此处指机器人在医院里帮助看管病人。researcher“研究者”；scientist“科学家”；nurse“护士”；patient“病人”。故选D。

[答案]　D

4．A.rescuing    B．forcing

C．sending    D．calling

[解析]　根据空后面的“from burning buildings”可知，此处指救援(rescuing)处在燃烧着的大楼中的人。rescue“救援”；force“强迫”；send“发送”；call“打电话”。故选A。

[答案]　A

5．A.studio    B．space

C．distance    D．town

[解析]　根据“astronauts”可知，机器人可以帮助在太空的宇航员。studio“录音棚”；space“太空，空间”；distance“距离”；town“城镇”。故选B。

[答案]　B

6．A.servants   B．leaders

C．competitors   D．friends

[解析]　根据连词or后面的“deadly enemies”可知，此处是在询问“机器人会成为朋友还是致命的敌人”。

[答案]　D

7．A.curious     B．nervous

C．safe    D．pleasant

[解析]　根据连词But可知，此处是说也不要感到太安全。curious“好奇的”；nervous“紧张的”；safe“安全的”；pleasant“愉悦的”。故选C。

[答案]　C

8．A.destroy    B．hide

C．smell     D．visit

[解析]　这里是说蚂蚁大军会毁掉它们所途经的所有东西，包括森林、庄稼等。destroy“破坏”；hide“隐藏”；smell“闻”；visit“拜访，参观”。故选A。

[答案]　A

9．A.also      B．still

C．again    D．seldom

[解析]　此处表示为防止你仍然(still)不在乎我们的这些机械的朋友。also“也”；still“仍然”；again“再，又”；seldom“很少”。故选B。

[答案]　B

10．A.consider      B．explain

C．declare    D．conclude

[解析]　此处指“考虑到这一点”。consider“考虑，认为”；explain“解释”；declare“宣布，表明”；conclude“得出结论”。故选A。

[答案]　A

11．A.beginning      B．selling

C．exploding      D．reducing

[解析]　这里是说机器人科技的发展比一些动物的进化速度快好多倍，是爆炸式增长。explode表示“激增，突增”的意思。

[答案]　C

12．A.life     B．performance

C．appearance    D．evolution

[解析]　参见上题解析。life“生活”；performance“性能”；appearance“外貌”；evolution“进化”。故选D。

[答案]　D

13．A.stations    B．generations

C．results    D．experiments

[解析]　此处指的是机器人一代一代的发展。station“车站，身份”；generation“世代，代”；result“结果”；experiment“实验”。故选B。

[答案]　B

14．A.serve      B．stay

C．settle    D．appear

[解析]　serve as是固定搭配，意为“担任……，起……的作用”。此处指机器人首先要充当一种工具。

[答案]　A

15．A.weight    B．memory

C．intelligence    D．sense

[解析]　此处指那些机器人将会有爬行动物的智力(intelligence)。故选C。

[答案]　C

16．A.recording     B．improving

C．dividing     D．processing

[解析]　此处指“每秒加工处理300百万条指令的能力”。record“记录，记载”；improve“改善，改进”；divide“分开”；process“处理，加工”。故选D。

[答案]　D

17．A.followed    B．reached

C．corrected      D．loaded

[解析]　这里是说达到“每秒加工处理上千亿条指令的能力是2030年以后将会达到的水平”，故选B。

[答案]　B

18．A.neighbor      B．parent

C．creator    D．enemy

[解析]　由客观事实可知人类是机器人的创造者。neighbor“邻居”；parent“父母”；creator“创造者”；enemy“敌人”。故选C。

[答案]　C

19．A.Finally      B．Luckily

C．Suddenly      D．Regularly

[解析]　根据前面说的过程可知，这是最后一步。finally“最后，终于”；luckily“幸运地”；suddenly“突然”；regularly“有规律地，定期地”。故选A。

[答案]　A

20．A.collect    B．change

C．discover    D．equal

[解析]　此处指机器人将会抵得上人类的智力。collect“收集”；change“改变”；discover“发现”；equal“等于，比得上”。故选D。

[答案]　D

Ⅱ.语法填空

(2018·山西八校第一次联考)The Great Wall was grand, a little rainy at first, but grand all the same. The mist covered the far ends of the wall, 1.____________(give) it an almost mysterious feeling. The fog rolled in and out of the high mountains, revealing new parts of the wall as 2.____________(quick) as it covered them. I kept on walking, seeing watchtower after watchtower 3.____________ my way. To my 4.____________(relieve), many people had decided today was not the best day 5.____________(climb) the wall, and I was there with very few people. I walked for 6.____________ seemed like miles. Then I saw just how long the wall I was standing on stretched for.

It was 7.____________(end)!  I walked and walked, but after every hill I climbed，there was another long stretch of wall. I eventually came to 8.____________ long staircase. Later I found out that it 9.____________(call) “Chairman Mao's Challenge”. I accepted，and after climbing the hundred plus stairs to the peak, I had to admit that the Great Wall truly lives up to its reputation. So if I 10.____________(have) another chance to travel to China, I would never hesitate to visit the Great Wall again.

语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。长城举世闻名，是中国文化的一张名片。本文讲述了作者登临长城的所见所感。

1．[解析]　句意：水汽弥漫了长城的远端，赋予它一种近乎神秘的感觉。give与其逻辑主语“The mist”之间为主谓关系，故应用其现在分词形式在句中作结果状语。

[答案]　giving

2．[解析]　句意：云雾在高山上翻腾起伏，长城时隐时现。此处为“as＋形容词/副词＋as...”结构，在本句中应用副词修饰动词。

[答案]　quickly

3．[解析]　句意：我继续行走，沿途看见一个接一个的烽火台。on/along one's way“沿途”。

[答案]　on/along

4．[解析]　“to one's＋表示情感的名词”是固定用法，意为“令某人……的是”。relieve的名词是relief，意为“轻松，解脱，宽慰”。

[答案]　relief

5．[解析]　当名词前有the only，the best，the first，the last等修饰语时，其后常跟动词不定式作后置定语。

[答案]　to climb

6．[解析]　句意：我似乎步行了数英里。分析句子结构可知，空格处在句中引导宾语从句，且在从句中作主语，故填what。

[答案]　what

7．[解析]　句意：长城是无边无际的。根据句意及句子结构可知，此处应用形容词作表语，故填endless“无止境的，无限的”。

[答案]　endless

8．[解析]　句意：我最终来到一个长长的楼梯前。staircase意为“楼梯”时是可数名词，且其前无限定词修饰，故应用不定冠词a表示泛指。

[答案]　a

9．[解析]　it(指代a long staircase)与call之间是被动关系，故用被动语态。再结合本文的基本时态为一般过去时可知，此处也应用一般过去时。

[答案]　was called

10．[解析]　句意：因此如果我再有机会去中国旅行的话，我一定会毫不犹豫再去参观长城的。根据语境可知，此处表示对与将来事实相反的情况的假设，故应填had。

[答案]　had

训练二　主观应用题板块训练——重语法，练规范

(限时：45分钟)

Ⅰ.语法填空

(2018·石家庄市高中毕业班第一次模拟)Chinese are the first people to have tea. One thousand and two hundred years ago, Lu Yu wrote a book called “The Classic of Tea”， 1.____________ is honored as “The Bible of Tea”. The book gives a detailed 2.____________(explain) of the origin，the processing skills and the classification of tea.

However, Chinese tea culture goes far beyond tea 3.____________(it). Take green tea for instance, the ideal temperature of the water should be around 80 degrees Celsius. If the water is too hot，nutrients(营养) in the tea 4.____________(destroy). On the other hand，if the water is not hot enough, the tea 5.____________(leaf) won't open and you will miss the pleasantly fresh flavor. So Chinese people are accustomed 6.____________ drinking hot tea. When you visit a Chinese friend, your friend will 7.____________(constant) add hot water to your empty cup of tea. It is polite 8.____________(offer) the tea cup to guests with both hands. Of course，the guests should pay respect as well, 9.____________(take) the cup with both hands.

Talking about adding water to the tea cup, there is 10.____________ saying: Wine full，the full cup. Tea half, half cup. For wine，the full cup symbolizes whole heartiness. For tea, the half cup means modesty.

语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，介绍了中国茶文化的历史、喝热茶的原因、喝茶礼仪、关于茶的俗语等。

1．[解析]　分析该句结构可知，此处为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词“The Classic of Tea”，空处为关系词，指物，故填which。

[答案]　which

2．[解析]　根据空前的“detailed”可知，空处被形容词修饰，故用explain的名词形式。

[答案]　explanation

3．[解析]　句意：然而，中国的茶文化远超过茶本身。据此可知，空处用反身代词itself。

[答案]　itself

4．[解析]　根据句意可知，主语“nutrients(营养)in the tea”和动词destroy之间为被动关系，根据该句结构可知，该句为复合句，主句用一般将来时，故空处用一般将来时的被动语态。

[答案]　will be destroyed

5．[解析]　根据常识可知，该处的茶叶为复数概念。

[答案]　leaves

6．[解析]　be accustomed to为固定搭配，意为“习惯于……”。

[答案]　to

7．[解析]　空处修饰动词，故用副词形式。

[答案]　constantly

8．[解析]　该句使用了“It＋is/was＋adj. ＋to do sth.”的固定句武，It为形式主语，动词不定式作真正的主语。

[答案]　to offer

9．[解析]　空处作伴随状语，因take与其逻辑主语“the guests”之间是主谓关系，故用现在分词。

[答案]　taking

10．[解析]　该处泛指“一句俗语”，且saying的发音以辅音音素开头，故用不定冠词a。

[答案]　a

Ⅱ.短文改错

(2018·云南省高中毕业生复习统一检测)

Hello Jack，

I have a good news to tell you!  A Karaoke party will be held in our School Lecture Hall in February 7, 2018. The party organizing by Student Union of Xinhua Middle School will start at 7：00 p．m. and last for about two hours. Then teachers and students are fond of singing English songs can be welcome to attend the party. I was writing to invite you to the party or expecting to sing an English song together with you. I real hope you will accept my invite if it is convenient for you. Let's enjoy myself. Please write to me back for more informations if you can turn up.

I'm looking forward to your early reply.

Yours，

Li Hua

[答案]　

Ⅲ.书面表达

(2018·烟台适应性测试二)假定你是李华，你校即将举行主题为“Let's go green now”的英语演讲比赛。请你用英语写一篇演讲稿，要点包括：

1．倡导绿色生活的原因；

2．实践途径(至少三点)。

注意：1.词数100左右；

2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；

3．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。

Boys and girls，

I'm honored to give this speech._____________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

That's all. Thank you.

[答案]　

Boys_and_girls，

I'm_honored_to_give_this_speech. With the development of society and economy，the number of private cars is increasing at a surprising speed. As we all know, cars give off poisonous gas such as carbon dioxide, causing global warming, frequent natural disasters, diseases and so on. In order to protect our environment, it is high time that we should go green.

Firstly，we should raise people's awareness of the importance of going green. Secondly，using public transportation or riding bicycles instead of using cars can make a great difference to the problem. What's more, we should take full advantage of water, electricity, paper, food and so on. Last but not least, it is a good idea to classify our rubbish and recycle it in our daily life.

That's_all._Thank_you.