2020版高考英语总复习Unit5Thepowerofnature高考题型分组训练新人教版选修6

Unit 5 The power of nature

高考题型分组训练

阅读理解板块训练——重细节，练速度

(限时：35分钟)

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

Check out our tsunami facts and learn some interesting information related to these great walls of water that can cause so much destruction. Find out what causes tsunamis and read about some recent examples of tsunamis that have occurred around the globe.

•The Japanese word for tsunami means harbor wave.

•Tsunamis are sometimes referred to as tidal (受潮汐影响的) waves but this term has fallen out of favour because tsunamis are not related to tides.

•Tsunamis are huge waves of water that are usually caused by earthquakes or volcanic eruptions.

•As a tsunami approaches the shore(海岸), water may move back from the coast. If it is shallow(浅的) enough the water may be pulled back hundreds of metres. If you are in the area, you can know that a tsunami is on the way when you see this phenomenon.

•Regions in tsunami danger zones often have warning systems in place to give people as much time as possible to move to a safe place.

•When tsunamis hit shallow water (often near the coast) they slow down but increase in height.

•An earthquake in the Indian Ocean off Indonesia in December 2004 caused a tsunami that killed over 200,000 people in 12 countries.

•In March 2011, the Tohoku earthquake off the eastern coast of Japan caused a tsunami that was a major factor in the death of over 15,000 people.

•The tsunami waves created by the Tohoku earthquake reached heights of over 40 metres in some areas, wiping out coastal towns and causing a number of nuclear accidents.

语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，简要介绍了有关海啸的一些基本常识。

1．How many causes of tsunamis are mentioned in the text?

A．One.    B．Two.

C．Three.    D．Four.

[解析]　细节理解题。由第四段可知，海啸通常是由地震或火山爆发引起的。

[答案]　B

2．In the Tohoku earthquake over 15,000 people died mainly because of ________.

A．the earthquake itself

B．the lack of warning systems

C．the tsunami caused by the earthquake

D．the nuclear accidents caused by the tsunami

[解析]　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“...a tsunami that was a major factor in the death of over 15,000 people.”可知，在2011年日本大地震中，海啸是造成超过15000人死亡的主要原因。故C项正确。

[答案]　C

3．The text is developed mainly by ________.

A．listing some facts

B．giving some examples

C．providing some numbers

D．making some comparisons

[解析]　写作手法题。本文主要列举了一些关于海啸的基本常识和事实。故A项正确。

[答案]　A

B

(2018·厦门高三检测)A study by the British government has discovered the mental well－being of the country's teenage girls has worsened.

The survey, which included 30,000 14­year­old students in 2005 and 2014, showed 37 percent of girls with psychological stress, up from 34 percent in 2005. British boys' stress level was actually seen to fall over the same time period, from 17 percent to 15 percent. The report's authors pointed out the “appearance of the social media age” could be a major contributing factor for increasing stress among teenage British girls.

“The adolescent years are a time of rapid physical, cognitive and emotional development，” Pam Ramsden, a lecturer in psychology at the University of Bradford in the United Kingdom, wrote in a blog post. “Teenagers interact with people in order to learn how to become competent adults. In the past, they would engage with parents, teachers and other adults in their community as well as extended family members and friends. Now we can also add social media to that list of social and emotional development.”

Throughout adolescence, girls and boys develop characteristics like confidence and self－control. Since teenage brains have not completely developed, teens don't have the cognitive awareness and impulse control to keep from posting inappropriate content. Furthermore, this content can easily be circulated far and wide with disastrous implications.

“Social media can also feed into girls' insecurities about their appearance，” Ramsden said.“These sites are often filled with images of people with body type unattainable to the normal person. However, these images and the messages tied to them creep into social standards.”

“Social media allows girls to make comparisons among friends as well as celebrities and then provides them with ‘solutions’ such as extreme dieting tips and workouts to reach their goals，” Ramsden said. “Concerns about body image can negatively impact their quality of life preventing them from having healthy relationships and taking up time that could be better spent developing other aspects of their personalities.”

语篇解读：本文是一篇科普说明文。英国政府一项研究发现，英国女生的心理健康变得越来越糟；分析表明，社交媒体时代的出现是英国女生心理压力加大的主要因素。

4．How does the survey tell us the negative impact of social media?

A．By making experiments.

B．By raising a question.

C．By making comparisons.

D．By analyzing causes and effects.

[解析]　写作手法题。通读全文可知，文章第一、二段分析了社交媒体对女生的影响造成的结果：女生的心理压力比男生大，心理越来越不健康；第三到六段详细说明了社交媒体对女生造成影响的表现、缘由。据此可知，本文是通过分析影响的起因和影响的结果来告诉我们社交媒体对女生产生的负面影响。故选D。

[答案]　D

5．What is Ramsden's attitude toward the images with fine body shape?

A．Supportive.           B．Indifferent.

C．Critical.              D．Concerned.

[解析]　观点态度题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，Ramsden对关注身材是持批评态度的。故选C。

[答案]　C

6．According to the last paragraph, it is necessary for teenagers ________.

A．to get rid of the bad effects of social media

B．to follow the celebrities' example

C．to be concerned about their body image

D．to make comparisons among friends

[解析]　推理判断题。通读最后一段可知，该段主要阐述了社交媒体对青少年尤其是女生造成的负面影响，包括在朋友之间形成攀比心理、把时间浪费在过度关注身材上等；据此可以判断，青少年应当消除社交媒体的负面影响。故选A。

[答案]　A

7．What does this text mainly tell us?

A．The well­being of teenagers in Britain.

B．The social media's negative effect on teenagers.

C．The development of teenagers in Britain.

D．How to interact with teenagers in Britain.

[解析]　主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要论述了社交媒体对英国青少年尤其是女生的负面影响，包括在朋友中形成攀比心理、过度关注身材而忽视其他能力的发展，形成心理压力等，B项最能概括文意。故选B。

[答案]　B

C

(2018·中央民族大学附属中学月考)“Plants were expected to get larger with increased carbon dioxide in atmosphere, but changes in temperature, humidity and nutrient availability  seem to have trumped the benefits of increased carbon dioxide，” said researchers from the National University of Singapore.

45 percent of the species studied now reach smaller adult sizes than they did in the past. The researchers pointed out that warmer temperatures and changing habitats, caused by climate change, are possible reasons for shrinking creatures.

“We do not yet know the mechanisms involved, or why some organisms are getting smaller while others are unaffected，” the researchers said. “Until we understand more, we could be risking negative consequences that we can't yet quantify.”

The change was big in cold­blooded animals. Only two decades of warmer temperatures were enough to make reptiles smaller. An increase of 1 degree centigrade caused nearly a 10 percent increase in metabolism(新陈代谢). Greater use of energy resulted in tiny tortoises and little lizards. Fish are smaller now too. Though overfishing has played a part in reducing numbers, experiments show that warmer temperatures also stop fish growth. There is a recent report on warmer temperatures' negative effects on plankton, the base of the marine ecosystem.

Warm－blooded animals weren't immune from the size change caused by climate change. Many birds are now smaller. Mammals have been miniaturized too. Soay sheep are thinner. Red deer are weaker. And polar bears are smaller，compared with historical records.

This is not the first time this has happened in Earth's history. 55 million years ago, a warming event similar to the current climate change caused bees, spiders and ants to shrink by 50 to 75 percent over several thousand years. That event happened over a longer time than the current climate change.

The speed of modern climate change could mean organisms may not respond or adapt quickly enough, especially those with long generation times. So, it is likely that more negative influences of climate change will be shown in future.

语篇解读：本文是一篇科普说明文。主要报道了一项新发现，研究人员发现了气候变暖会导致地球上许多生物个体变小的现象。

8．The best title for the passage is________.

A．Why Do Some Species Become Smaller?

B．Species Become Smaller with the Climate Getting Warmer

C．How Does Temperature Change in Earth's History?

D．Climate Change Has Many Negative Effects

[解析]　标题归纳题。通读全文尤其是第二段内容可知，本文主要讲述了气候变暖会导致许多生物个体变小的现象，故B项正确。

[答案]　B

9．Researchers from the National University of Singapore believe________.

A．all the animals on the earth have become smaller

B．too many studies on animals' size have been done

C．how climate change affects animals'  size has not been found clearly

D．people can avoid the negative effects of climate change

[解析]　细节理解题。第三段研究人员提到“We do not yet know the mechanisms involved，or why some organisms are getting smaller”可知，研究者们还未发现气候变化到底是如何影响动物个体大小的。故C项正确。

[答案]　C

10．The passage implies________.

A．birds have suffered more from climate change than fish

B．ants，bees and spiders have been shrinking by 50% to 70% in the past decade

C．a warming event causing species to become smaller has never happened before

D．climate change has even a negative impact on plankton

[解析]　细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句可知，气候变化已经对浮游生物产生了有害影响。故D项正确。

[答案]　D

11．The author's attitude to climate change in the passage is________.

A．indifferent               B．optimistic

C．worried            D．confident

[解析]　观点态度题。根据文章最后一句“So, it is likely that more negative influences of climate change will be shown in future.”可知，未来气候变化带来的负面影响会越来越多，作者对此有些担忧。

[答案]　C

D

(2018·安徽六安第一中学月考)George Aldrich, whose official title is chemical specialist，works at NASA's White Sands Test Facility in New Mexico. He uses his nose to protect astronauts from unpleasant or harmful odors(气味). His near four­decade career has involved smelling objects from technical handbooks to astronauts' personal things.

It's crucial that all items taken aboard the International Space Station(ISS) are odorless. Since astronauts are allowed to bring personal items aboard，all their objects must be smell­checked before leaving Earth. In a video provided by Science Channel, Aldrich relates one specific occasion when an astronaut wanted to build a ship in a bottle in space. Everything in the ship­building process had to be sniffed—right down to the glue.

Aldrich and his team are responsible for making sure that objects are not only odorless but also harmless to astronauts. When the ISS heats up，a process called off­gassing occurs，which means chemicals flow out from certain substances(物质). Objects that would be safe on Earth could give off unpleasant odors or become dangerous when exposed to high temperatures in the ISS's unique environment.

Of course, humans aren't the only testers or the first to be exposed to potentially dangerous objects. Before Aldrich sticks his nose into a substance，it has been examined by machines. Even though machines can detect unsafe substances, computers cannot tell exactly how things smell to humans. While something could be technically fine，it could be smelly to an astronaut.

Aldrich's nose is not alone there. He is the head of a hard­sniffing team of smell testers. Together they smell each object and rate it on a scale(等级) of 1 to 4. According to NASA,1 cannot be detected，and 4 is considered not bearable. After the scientists conclude their tests，the scores are averaged. If an item is rated more than 2.4 on the scale，it fails the test and is not allowed on the flight.

语篇解读：本文讲述了一位化学专家George Aldrich在美国宇航局新墨西哥白沙实验研究所工作，由于国际空间站上的所有物品都要求是无气味的，所以他用他的鼻子来保护宇航员免受不良或有害气味的伤害。

12．Which can describe the smell check from Paragraph 2?

A．Quite dangerous.         B．Extremely strict.

C．Rather boring.    D．Very complex.

[解析]　推理判断题。根据文章第二段可知，宇航员离开地球前所携带的东西必须经过嗅觉检查，空间站的物品也必须是无味的，由此可推知嗅觉检查是非常严格的。故选B。

[答案]　B

13．What is a threat to astronauts' safety at the ISS?

A．Negative emotions.

B．Odor­related disease.

C．The off­gassing process.

D．Changes in temperature.

[解析]　细节理解题。根据文章第三段可知，当国际空间站温度升高，一种叫排气的过程发生了，化学成分会从某些物质中散发出来，在地球上安全的物体在国际空间站独特的高温环境下会发出难闻的气味或变得危险，这些对宇航员是一种威胁。故选C。

[答案]　C

14．What should be done before Aldrich and his team start their work?

A．Using machines to test objects.

B．Having a meeting to make the scale.

C．Using computers to examine their noses.

D．Listing potentially dangerous substances.

[解析]　细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的“Of course,

humans aren't the only testers or the first to be exposed to potentially dangerous objects. Before Aldrich sticks his nose into  a substance, it has been examined by machines.”可知，人类并不是唯一有可能接触到潜在危险物体的测试者，Aldrich在用鼻子闻之前已经用机器测试了物体。故选A。

[答案]　A

15．What is the text mainly about?

A．An unusual smell tester.

B．Astronauts' life at the ISS.

C．Strong odors in a spaceship.

D．The smell of personal items.

[解析]　主旨大意题。通读文章可知，本文讲述了一位化学专家George Aldrich用他的鼻子来保护宇航员免受不良或有害气味的伤害。这是一个非同寻常的气味测试仪。结合选项，故选A。

[答案]　A

Ⅱ.七选五阅读填空

Nowadays we are too busy to make art or make creative works. Here are some simple tips to help you solve the problem.

1．Read before you fall asleep

This is a  classic  subconscious(潜意识的)­employing trick, used a lot when you really need to study and remember materials. __1__ Studies show that your brain remembers more and thinks subconsciously about the information you want to process just before going into REM (Rapid Eye Movement) sleep. __2__

2．Take notes whenever ideas come

Take notes no matter what time of day(or night). Keep a notepad and pen beside your bed, and always carry one in your handbag or pocket. __3__ Sometimes they're not important or playful, but sometimes they can be tiny seeds of gold.

3. Make conversations about your artwork a priority

Think about how much time you spend talking out loud about your artwork. __4__  There's a learning curve(曲线) that comes out of forcing yourself to communicate. Set up a list of artists to contact regarding your work.

4．Don't neglect thinking time

__5__ Many artworks are made after they have been inside your own head for months or even years. Whether you're at work, walking pets, or doing the dishes, using this moment to think hard about your artwork can pay off greatly.

A．You might even dream about what you have read.

B．Try some of these ideas out and see what works for you.

C．When you're not making artwork, make time to simply think.

D．Don't hesitate to take notes in public or anywhere the inspiration strikes.

E．Inspiration has become more important than ever for business leaders or artists.

F．It helps to regularly make every effort to talk about what you've been working on.

G．If you want to think more about your artwork, read about it just before you fall asleep.

语篇解读：如今我们变得越来越忙以至于没有时间进行艺术创作或者进行思维创新。本文提出了几条建议来解决这一问题。

1．[解析]　本节小标题是：睡前阅读。另外根据承上启下的原则，第1空选G：若要深入思考艺术创作，那么就在睡前进行阅读吧。下一句讲：研究表明，人类大脑在进入快速眼球运动睡眠(Rapid Eye Movement sleep)之前，对所要处理的信息消化吸收得最快。第2空选A：你在睡前所读的内容甚至可能出现在梦境中。

[答案]　G

2．[解析]　参见上题解析。

[答案]　A

3．[解析]　D项中的“take notes in public”和标题“Take notes whenever ideas come”呼应。

[答案]　D

4．[解析]　F项中的“talk about what you've been working on”和前一句中的“talking out loud about your artwork”呼应。

[答案]　F

5．[解析]　C项中的“make time to simply think”和标题“Don't neglect thinking time”呼应。

[答案]　C