2021届高考英语大一轮复习Unit11TheMedia课时作业11b北师大版必修4 练习

课时作业11　The Media

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

(2019·清华附中模拟考试)

Teachers' Day dates back to the Han Dynasty (206 BC—220 AD). According to the record, during the Han and Jin dynasties, on August 27 each year, the birthday of Confucius, the emperor would go to the Confucius' temple and pay tribute (敬意) to the ancient philosopher followed by court officials, and would also invite royal teachers to the imperial court for a banquet. On this day, teachers around the nation enjoyed a day's vacation and were given dried meat as gifts.

The capital, all states and counties would also hold ceremonies to worship Confucius. Excellent performing teachers would be chosen from academies and learning institutions nationwide, reporting to the royal court and given 500 liang (两) silver coins as awards.

Until the Qing Dynasty, the ceremony, on August 27, was of a larger scale. The teachers' salaries in schools and academies around the nation were raised, and well­performing teachers would be awarded official titles or promoted to higher positions.

Normally, an ancient teacher's income included salary, accommodation and festival gifts. There was no fixed tuition fee. Generally the parents paid teachers according to their household income. Both money and basic foodstuff could be paid in exchange for tuition.

In private schools, teachers always received money or gifts from the host family at certain festivals or at the beginning and end of each semester.

The festivals in which teachers received gifts varied from region to region, while the most valued ones were the Duanwu, Mid­Autumn and Chinese New Year festivals, as well as Confucius' birthday and the private tutor's birthday.

Among all the gift­giving festivals, the first meeting gift was a must. When students met their private tutors for the first time, they had to kneel down to Confucius' spirit tablet and then to their private tutors, before presenting a “gift”．

本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是中国教师节的历史，包括其由来，最初孔子诞辰就是教师节。

1．The passage mainly talks about ________.

A．the teachers in ancient China

B．the Teachers' Day in ancient China

C．the teachers' high positions in ancient China

D．the teachers' salaries in ancient China

答案：B

解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍的是中国教师节的历史，包括其由来等。故选B。

2．How long has the Teachers' Day been in China?

A．1,500—2,500 years.

B．2,000—3,000 years.

C．3,000—4,000 years.

D．4,000—5,000 years.

答案：A

解析：推理判断题。根据第一段第一句“Teachers' Day dates back to the Han Dynasty (206 BC—220 AD)”可推断出答案为A。

3．What is the special gift for the teachers on the Teachers' Day during the Han and Jin dynasties?

A．A higher position.　　　　 B．A day free.

C．500 liang silver coins.    D．Days' vacation.

答案：B

解析：细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“On this day, teachers around the nation enjoyed a day's vacation and were given dried meat as gifts”可知，在教师节这一天，全国的教师都可以休假一天，并且得到肉干作为礼物。

4．What's the main idea of the last four paragraphs?

A．Where teachers could get gifts in ancient China.

B．Why teachers got gifts in ancient China.

C．How teachers were presented with gifts in ancient China.

D．When teachers received gifts in ancient China.

答案：C

解析：段落大意题。文章后四段主要介绍了在中国古代教师在哪些时间和场合接收礼物的情况。故选C。

B

(2019·成都七中月考)

Moksh Jawa, 16, a student at Washington High School in the US, has already become a legend (传奇) among students. “Why not？” might be his favorite question to ask.

As a seventh­grader, he taught himself coding (编程) by studying on the Internet.

As a high school freshman, he passed the AP Computer Science A exam with a 5, the highest score possible.

As a sophomore (高中二年级学生), he developed his own online course and helped his classmates get through it because his high school didn't teach coding.

Everything he did came from his own interest. His father sent him a link to Codeacademy, an online coding training program, in middle school. He learned a programming (编程) language all by himself after signing up to the website.

“I just fell in love with computer science，” Jawa said. Along the way, he lit a fire of curiosity and passion among classmates to learn coding too.

“All of my friends, especially the girls, were really, really afraid of computer science，” he said. But the subject and exam weren't things to be feared, he said, “Computer science is all about logic (逻辑), not about how smart you are.”

To make his knowledge available online, Jawa set about creating his own online course, with easy­to­follow lessons. He included quizzes and tests too.

The course has so far attracted 3,200 students across the US and in 120 countries and regions, including China, Ukraine and Algeria. It shows, Jawa said, the huge need for coding lessons.

When video lecturing, “I deliver it like I'm talking from one high school student to another，” Jawa said. “It's always great to make it as clear and fun as possible, and to try to keep my voice as energetic as possible.”

He also does that, when teaching members of the computer science club he founded at his high school.

“His tutorials (辅导) were great，” said Taj Shaik, the club's  co­president, who took the whole course last year. “I'm definitely one of the early adopters (使用者) of Moksh.”

“He's pretty amazing，” said Bob Moran, principal of Washington High School, who saw him lead the club. “He was just a fantastic teacher—clear, organized and entertaining. When a student got the right answer, he would throw him a candy.”

本文讲述了一个美国中学生开设在线课程，帮助他的同学学习电脑知识的故事。

5．Which of the following probably made Moksh Jawa a legend among students?

A．He created his own online coding course.

B．He welcomes any kind of challenge by asking, “Why not？”

C．He learned an intermediate programming language.

D．He earns a lot of money by coding for companies.

答案：A

解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的As a sophomore (高中二年级学生), he developed his own online course and helped his classmates get through it可知答案选A。

6．Which of the following would Jawa probably agree with?

A．You have to be smart to learn computer science well.

B．Interest is the most important when learning coding.

C．Computer science is not difficult to learn.

D．Coding is useful and everyone should know it.

答案：C

解析：推理判断题。根据第七段说的话，“我所有的朋友，尤其是女孩子都非常害怕计算机技术，但是计算机技术是关于逻辑的而不是你有多聪明的”可知，计算机技术不是那么难学。

7．According to the article, when teaching, Jawa ________.

A．is patient but strict with his students

B．likes to do things in a fixed order

C．usually applies unusual teaching methods

D．tries to made his classes simple yet interesting

答案：D

解析：推理判断题。根据第十段中的I deliver it like I'm talking from one high school student to another和It's always great to make it as clear and fun as possible可知，答案选D。

Ⅱ.完形填空

(2019·黑龙江哈尔滨六中检测)

I was always puzzled about the question, “What has made other people's success look so easy while I have to struggle for it？”

Not too long ago, I was faced with what appeared to be a brick wall. After __1__ a corporate environment for greener pastures (更好的职位), I found that the other side wasn't any __2__， nor did there seem to be any grass at all. No matter what I __3__ to do, I was always knocked back to square one (退回原点)．

I began to __4__ my own confidence: maybe I had made a fatal error. Maybe I should go back to what I did before. __5__， it seemed to be a much more secure and safer environment. As I thought about my __6__， I received a card in the mail from a friend of mine who knew how I was __7__. The card __8__： “Persistence prevails when all else fails”．

I sat there reading that card, once, twice, three times. What did these words __9__ to me? Were these words just that? Only words, nothing more? When you're faced with a(n) __10__ future, and when all you try seems to go __11__， maybe there will be more truth in these words than I have realized.

To make a long story short, I did persevere; __12__ paid off with a good dose of patience, which helps me realize that a new __13__ doesn't lead to success overnight. __14__， in my former corporate career, I had invested years of education and training to become __15__. Why should it be different when I __16__ a new business venture?

__17__ is the incapacity to learn from your mistakes. Success is the __18__ to learn and to persevere in order to __19__ your goal. Life can be filled with failures, but only those who don't persevere __20__ failure as the way it has to be.

作者选择辞职并自己创业，然而在经历了一连串失败后，开始怀疑自己当初的选择是否明智。后来朋友寄来的一张卡片上的话极大地鼓舞了作者，让他认识到“贵在坚持”的道理。

1．A.joining    B．leaving

C．working    D．choosing

答案：B

解析：作者在这里以幽默的方式将新的职位比作greener pastures：在“我”离开公司寻找“更绿的牧场”时，发现另一片“牧场”不比原来的“绿”，似乎这片“牧场”上根本没有草。

2．A.greener    B．worse

C．larger    D．brighter

答案：A

解析：联系前文的“a corporate environment for greener pastures(更好的职位)”可以得出答案。

3．A.preferred    B．liked

C．managed    D．attempted

答案：D

解析：不管“我”尝试做什么，都是徒劳无功的。attempt to do sth.“尝试做某事”。

4．A.doubt    B．build

C．gain    D．find

答案：A

解析：根据上下文语境可知，在“我”经历了一次又一次失败之后，开始思考自己当初的选择是否明智，对当初满怀信心做出的选择产生了怀疑。

5．A.In fact    B．At first

C．At most    D．At least

答案：D

解析：此处表示“我”后悔当初的选择，想要回到原来的工作，至少它能给我一个看似更有保障和安全的环境。

6．A.career    B．future

C．failure    D．purpose

答案：B

解析：根据前文，“我”在怀疑当初的选择是否明智。此处应该是在考虑自己的未来，想想以后的路到底应该怎么走。

7．A.struggling    B．thinking

C．trying    D．growing

答案：A

解析：从下文贺卡上写的内容可知，这位朋友知道“我”正挣扎于困境之中。

8．A.read    B．told

C．made    D．had

答案：A

解析：read在此处意为“上面写着”。

9．A.write    B．learn

C．mean    D．pay

答案：C

解析：根据后文可知，“我”不明白卡片上的话对“我”来说是什么意思。

10．A.clear    B．bright

C．empty    D．uncertain

答案：D

解析：当“我”在仔细思考这句话的意思时想到，当我们在面对一个不确定的未来和所有的努力都白费时，或许这句话比“我”意识到的更加真实可信。

11．A.nowhere    B．anywhere

C．everywhere    D．somewhere

答案：A

解析：联系空前的“When you're faced with a(n) __10__ (uncertain) future”我们可以得此答案。

12．A.courage    B．persistence

C．wisdom    D．kindness

答案：B

解析：根据前文可知，此处表示的意思是“坚持没有白费”。

13．A.method    B．story

C．view    D．beginning

答案：D

解析：根据后文可知，“我”意识到毕竟是“我”在受过几年的教育和培训后才能在以前的工作中获得成功。所以，一个新的开始不会在一夜之间就通向成功。

14．A.After all    B．Above all

C．In all    D．In general

答案：A

解析：联系空后的“in my former corporate career, I had invested years...”可知，毕竟“我”受过教育与培训。

15．A.special    B．ambitious

C．successful    D．respectful

答案：C

解析：由于受过教育与培训，“我”上一份事业做得很成功，故选C。

16．A.operated    B．sold

C．owned    D．started

答案：D

解析：所以当“我”开始新的商业冒险的时候，也是同样要一步步走向成功的。

17．A.Loss    B．Failure

C．Despair    D．Sorrow

答案：B

解析：此处表示失败是由于不能够从错误中吸取教训。

18．A.way    B．possibility

C．capacity    D．chance

答案：C

解析：与前文incapacity对应，此处表示成功是不断学习和坚持以实现目标的一种能力。

19．A.reach    B．set

C．stick    D．understand

答案：A

解析：reach the goal意为“实现目标”。

20．A.control    B．beat

C．accept    D．meet

答案：C

解析：生活中充满了失败，但只有那些不坚持的人才不得不接受失败。