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江苏省海安高级中学2020届高三上学期期中考试英语试题
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2019〜2020学年期中学业质量监测
高三英语
注意事项
考生在答题前请认真阅读本注意事项及各题答题要求
1. 本试卷共12页，包含第I卷（选择题）和第II卷（非选择题）两部分，共120分。 考试时间120分钟。考试结束后，只要将答题纸交回。
2. 答题前，请您务必将自己的姓名、学校、考试号用书写黑色字迹的0.5毫米签字笔 填写在答题纸上，并用2B铅笔把答题纸上考试号对应数字框涂黑，如需改动，请用 橡皮擦干净后，再正确涂写。
3. 监考员在答题卡上粘贴的条形码上的姓名、考试证号与你本人的是否相符。
4. 答题时，必须用书写黑色字迹的0.5毫米签字笔写在答题纸上的指定位置，在其它 位置作答一律无效。
第I卷（四部分共85分）
第一部分听力（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）
第一节（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项， 并标在试卷的相应位置，听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下 一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What does the man offer to do?
A. Go to 7th street.
B. Show another shirt.
C. Call another branch.
2. What is the cause of the woman's quietness?
A. The violent film. B. Her tiredness. C. The crowded theater.
3. How does the man know about animals?
A. From books. B. On TV C. Through the Internet.
4. Where are the speakers?
A. At a shop. B. In a restaurant. C. At home.
5. What does the woman do?
A. A nurse. B. A waitress. C. A saleswoman.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中 选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后， 各小题给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. When was the woman promoted last time?
A. Three years ago. B. Four years ago. C。. Five years ago.
7. What can we learn from the conversation?
A. The woman will keep this job.
B. The man will raise the woman's salary.
C. The woman would like to work with the man.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8. What was the worst thing for the man after the operation?
A. He had a great pain.
B. He couldn't eat anything.
C. He had to take the medicine.
9. What does the woman ask the man to do?
A. Eat out with her.
B. Stop eating some food.
C. Make a list of his favorite food.
听第8段材料.回符第10至12题。
10. What does the woman think of the visit at first?
A. Tiring. B. Unworthy. C. Amazing.
11. What animal did the man fail to see?
A. Sharks. B. Tree frogs. C. Butterflies.
12. What does the man suggest doing in the end?
A. Visiting some birds.
B. Taking a rest at the basement.
C. Learning more about wild animals.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13. How does the man feel about joining the association?
A. Uninterested. B. Relaxed. C. Worried
14. How much is the one-year membership fee?
A. £5. B. £10. C. £35.
15. How often do guest speakers meet?
A. Once a month. B. Twice a month. C. Once a week.
16. What is peer coaching about?
A. Students doing sports after study.
B. Senior students helping other students out.
C. Students making speeches on various topics.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. What is the talk mainly about?
A. A town. B. A hospital. C. An organization.
18. What does the speaker say about the project this year?
A. It is interesting. B. It is successful. C. It is difficult.
19. What is required to become a volunteer for MSF?
A. The ability to handle pressure.
B. The ability to get along with others.
C. The ability to cope with emergency incidents.
20. What kind of volunteers are in urgent need?
A. Doctors. B. Building engineers. C. Food experts.
第二部分 单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
请认真阅读下面各题，从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项，并在答题 卡上将该项涂黑。
1.Shanghai joined other cities in enforcing strict regulations on waste management, making garbage classification _____
A. consistent B. compulsory C. conditional D. controversial
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词辨析。句意：上海加入其他城市行列，在垃圾管理方面实施了严格的规定，强制进行垃圾分类。A. consistent 一致的；B. compulsory被强制的；义务的；C. conditional有条件的；D. controversial有争议的。结合制定严格规定，得知是强制的，故选B。
2."Hongmeng" was once used to describe the _____ state of the universe before matter existed.
A. original B. systematic C. permanent D. unconscious
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词辨析。句意：“鸿蒙”曾被用来描述物质存在之前宇宙的原始状态。A. original原始的；B. systematic系统的；C. permanent永久的；D. unconscious无意识的。结合before matter existed.物质存在之前以及句意，得知是原始的，故选A。
3.70,000 pigeons were _____ in Tian'anmen Square on Oct 1 to mark the 70th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China.
A. delivered B. relieved C. released D. liberated
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查动词辨析。句意：10月1日，为纪念中华人民共和国成立70周年，天安门广场放飞了7万只鸽子。A. delivered递送；B. relieved缓解；C. released释放，侧重指放松限制、解除监禁或免除义务；D. liberated解放，常指从束缚和压迫中解放出来，强调获得最终的解放。此处指“放飞”鸽子应用release。故选C。
4.Tu Youyou's route to the honor has been _____ traditional for she has no medical degree and never worked overseas.
A. anything but B. nothing but C. everything but D. something but
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查短语辨析。句意：屠呦呦获得这一荣誉的途径并非惯例，因为她没有医学学位，也从未在海外工作过。A. anything but根本不；决不；B. nothing but只有；只不过；C. everything but除了；D. something but但是。结合句意故选A。
5.China's development can't continue without lawmakers, nor _____ move forward without scientists .
A. it can B. can it C. can't it D. it can't
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查倒装句。句意: 中国的发展离不开立法者，它的前进也离不开科学家。当so/neither/nor位于句首时，表示“也”、“也不”，可将其后与前面重复的谓语部分置于主语之前，构成部分倒装。此处将can提前到主语之前，故选B。
【点睛】部分倒装
部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分(多为助动词或情态动词)置于主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前。
(1)表示否定意义的副词、介词短语和连词放在句首时要部分倒装。此类副词或连词主要有no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not only…but also…, hardly…when…, no sooner…than…, not until…等。如：
Never have I seen such a performance. 我从未见过这样的表演。
Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room. 直到孩子睡着了，母亲才离开房间。
No sooner had I got home than it began to rain. 我刚到家就开始下雨了。
(2)当so/neither/nor位于句首时，表示“也”、“也不”，可将其后与前面重复的谓语部分置于主语之前，构成部分倒装。如：
Tom can speak French. So can Jack. 汤姆会说法语。杰克也可以。
If you won’t go, neither will I. 如果你不去，我也不去。
(3)only修饰状语时的部分倒装
“only+状语/状语从句”位于句首时，句子的主语和谓语或主句中的主语和谓语要部分倒装。如：
Only in this way can you learn English well. 只有以这种方法，我们才能学好英语。
Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting. 他被问了三次才来参加会议。
Only when he returned did we find out the truth. 只有当他回来时，我们才查明了真相。
(4)在so… that…句式中，如果so位于句首，主句中的主语和谓语需部分倒装。如：
So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch. 他太害怕了以至于一动也不敢动。
(5)在虚拟条件句中，从句谓语动词有were, had, should等词，if可省略，将were, had, should移到主语之前，构成部分倒装。如：
Were I you, I would try it again. 如果我是你，我会再试一次。
(6)as/though引导让步状语从句时置于句首时，采用形式倒装，即把强调的内容提至句首，主谓并不倒装。如：
①表语的倒装
Tired as/though he was, he still went on with his work. 尽管他很累，他还是继续工作。
②谓语动词的倒装
Try as he might, he didn’t pass the exam. 尽管很用功，但他考试还是不及格。
③状语的倒装
Much as he likes the bike, he doesn’t want to buy it. 他虽然很喜欢那辆自行车，但不想买它。
注意：如果是单数名词或形容词的最高级作表语，不再用冠词。如：
Child as he is, he knows a lot. 尽管他是孩子，但他懂得很多。
Youngest as he is in our class, he speaks English the best. 他虽然是我们班年龄最小的，但英语说得最好。
6.When enough years _____ to enable us to look back, we sometimes discussed the events leading to his accident.
A. went by B. were to go by C. had gone by D. goes by
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：当足够长的时间过去后，我们可以回顾过去，我们有时讨论导致他发生事故的事件。结合下文we sometimes discussed可知“足够长的时间过去”发生在“讨论”之前，而discussed为一般过去时，故go by发生在“过去的过去”应用过去完成时。故选C。
7._____ interest in studying abroad is rising, more Chinese students who study abroad are also returning home upon completing their degrees.
A. Once B. Since C. While D. Until
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查连接词辨析。句意：虽然出国留学的兴趣正在上升，但更多的中国留学生在完成学业后也会回国。A. Once一旦；B. Since因为；C. While虽然；当……时候；D. Until直到。本句引导让步状语从句，表示“虽然”，故选C。
【点睛】while 用作连词时,有以下几种含义:
1. 意为“当……时候”,引导时间状语从句。
2. 意为“虽然,尽管”,引导让步状语从句。
3. 连接两个并列句子,表示“对比”关系。
二、 while 引导状语从句时,应注意以下几点:
1. while 引导的时间状语从句既可放在句首,也可放在句末;而 while 引导的让步状语从句一般放在句首,不放在句末。另外,也可以从意义上加以区分。
2. while 引导让步状语从句时,如果从句的主语和主句的主语相同,那么从句的主语和谓语动词 be 都可以省略。
3. while 和 when 都可以引导时间状语从句,但应注意: while 引导的时间状语从句中的谓语动词必须是延续性的动词;而 when 引导的时间状语从句中的谓语动词既可以是延续性动词,也可以是非延续性动词.当时间状语从句中的谓语动词是延续性动词时, while 和 when 可以互相替换。
4. while 引导的状语从句还可以表示“某个动作正在进行的同时,另一个动作也在进行之中”。
8.Li Na has become the first Chinese player _____ into the International Tennis Hall of Fame for her great achievements in this field.
A. welcomed B. to be welcomed
C. having been welcomed D. being welcomed
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：因为她在这一领域取得了巨大的成就，李娜成为第一个进入国际网球名人堂的中国运动员。根据上文the first Chinese player可知名词被序数词修饰应用不定式做后置定语，且welcome与逻辑主语player构成被动关系，故应用to be done形式。故选B。
【点睛】用不定式作定语的几种情况：
不定式表将来：
I borrowed some books to read during my holiday. 我借了一些在假期里读的书。
用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no, all, any 等限定的中心词。如：
He was the best man to do the job. 他是做这项工作的最佳人选。
He was always the first to come and the last to leave. 他总是第一个来，最后一个走。
用来修饰的词是抽象名词时，常见的有：ability, chance, idea, fact, excuse, promise, answer, reply, attempt, belief, way, reason, moment, time 等。如：
Do you have the ability to read and write English ? 你有英语读写能力吗?
I have a chance to go sight-seeing.我有去观光的机会。
9.A recent survey shows some students tend to just make unrealistic plans rather than _____ them.
A. submit to B. stick to C. cater to D. apply to
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：最近的一项调查显示，一些学生倾向于制定不切实际的计划，而不是坚持下去。A. submit to提交；B. stick to坚持；C. cater to迎合；D. apply to适用于。rather than表示转折，结合句意故选B。
10.In the novel, language must be adapted to the characters who are speaking, _____ creates a vivid and believable character .
A. which B. who C. that D. what
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句关系词。句意：在小说中，语言必须与说话的人物相适应，从而创造出生动可信的人物形象。本句为非限定性定语从句修饰上文整个句子，且从句中缺少主语，故用关系词which。故选A。
【点睛】定语从句的关系词的选择可考虑以下三点：
(1)一看先行词的意义，即分清先行词是指人、指物、时间、地点还是原因(如指物时不能用who或whom，指人时通常不用which等)
(2)二看关系词的句法功能，即分清关系词是担任什么句子成分，是作主语还是宾语、是作定语还是状语等(如作定语通常用whose，有时也用which；作状语要用when, where, why)
(3)三看定语从句的种类，即分清是限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句(如that和why通常不引导非限制性定语从句)
11.AI will surely be a feature of future life, but it _____ be used responsibly and in a proper way.
A. can B. need C. must D. will
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查情态动词。句意：人工智能肯定会成为未来生活的一个特征，但必须以负责任的方式和适当的方式使用它。A. can能够；B. need需要；C. must必须；D. will将会。此处为情态动词的一般用法，结合句意表示“必须”，故选C。
12.The past week _____ China's sixth annual Cyber security Week held from Sept 16 to 22 nationwide.
A. marked B. has marked C. had marked D. was marking
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：上周是中国第六届网络安全周，于9月16日至22日在全国举行。表示在过去某个时间所发生的动作或所处的状态应用一般过去时。故选A。
13.It makes sense that those introverted people can make up for _____ they lack in social skills with sincerity.
A. which B. what C. if D. that
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查名词性从句连接词。句意：内向的人可以用真诚弥补他们在社交技能上的不足，这是有道理的。本句为宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语，指“社交技能上的不足”应用what引导。故选B。
【点睛】名词性从句关键在于三点：一、找准从句在主句中充当的成分即分出是名词性从句的主语句、宾语从句、表语从句还是同位语从句。二、连接词从句中充当的成分（主、宾、定或状语或不做任何成分）三、弄清楚每个连接词的意义。此外还要注意，近年来高考对于名词性从句的考查多从名词性从句的语序和连接词的用法区别上考查。
14.If we had paid enough attention to the issue of the heavily-overloaded vehicles the tragedy of the collapse of an overpass in Wuxi _____ avoided.
A. should B. could be C. should have been D. could have been
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查情态动词用法。句意：如果我们对超载车辆问题给予足够的重视，就可以避免无锡立交桥垮塌的悲剧。本句为“情态动词+have done”结构，结合句意表示“本来可以；本来能够”应用could have done结构，且主语与谓语动词avoid构成被动关系，故应用be done形式。故选D。
【点睛】情态动词+have done的结构和用法有以下几种：
一、must have done sth.“一定做了某事”。表示对过去事情的较有把握的推测，这时只能用在肯定句中，“肯定/必须已经干过……”，在否定句和疑问句中用can’t或couldn’t或can/ could，例如：
1.From what you said, she must have told you all about it. 从你的话看，她一定告诉了你所有的事情。
二、can/could have done sth.本来能够做某事，而实际上未做；
1.But we could have done it all so much better. 但是，我们本可以把这一切做得更好。
三、can't/couldn't have done sth.不可能做过某事；
1. We could't have done it without you.
没有你我们办不成这事。
四、ought to/should have done sth.过去本应该做某事而实际上并没有做。
You should have done it when you first saw them blooming this spring. 你应该在今年春天第一次看到它们盛开的时候就挖一些的。
2.Even if it’s something you should have done earlier in the week or missed a detail on.
甚至你在一个星期前的就提早完成了一件事或者忽略了一个小细节。
15.Paying too much attention to the details, Yuke is _____.
A. out of the woods B. as free as a bird
C. not able to see the forest for the trees D. salt of the earth
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查习惯用语。句意：由于太过注重细节，Yuke只见树木不见森林。A. out of the woods脱离险境；B. as free as a bird无拘无束；C. not able to see the forest for the trees只见树木不见森林；D. salt of the earth社会精英。结合句意故选C。
第三部分完形填空（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答 题卡上将该项涂黑。
On the last day of college before graduation, our professor walked up on stage to give us a final lesson, which she called "a life lesson on the ___16___ of mindsets （思维模式）As she ___17___ a glass of water over her head, everyone ___18___ her to mention the typical "glass half empty or glass half full" question. ___19___ with a smile on her face, the professor asked, "How heavy is this glass of water I'm holding?"
Students shouted out answers ___20___ from eight ounces （盎司）to a couple pounds.
After a few moments of ___21___ answers, she replied, “In my opinion, the absolute weight of this glass doesn't ___22___ . It all ___23___ how long I hold it. If I hold it for a minute or two, it's ___24___ light. If I hold it for an hour ___25___, my arm might feel painful. If I hold it for the whole day, my arm will feel completely numb, ___26___ me to drop the glass to the floor. In each ___27___/the weight of the glass doesn't change, ___28___ the longer I hold it, the heavier it ___29___ to me."
As the class nodded their heads in ___30___, she continued, "Your worries, ____31____ and
stressful thoughts are like this glass of water. Think about them for a while and ___32___ happens. Think about them a bit longer and you begin to feel ___33___ . Think about them all day long, and you will feel completely numb, ___34___ to do anything else until you ___35___ them.”
16. A. origin B. trend C. standard D. power
17. A. picked B. laid C. raised D. pulled
18. A. urged B. begged C. expected D. advised
19. A. Instead B. Therefore C. Otherwise D. Anyway
20. A. coming B. ranging C. transforming D. judging
21. A. various B. visible C. quick D. short
22. A. concern B. matter C. care D. mean
23 A. refers to B. results in C. depends on D. mixes with
24. A. fairly B. exactly C. theoretically D. merely
25. A. only B. again C. later D. straight
26. A. permitting B. forcing C. encouraging D. reminding
27. A. section B. problem C. case D. field
28. A. so B. or C. for D. but
29. A. remains B. feels C. proves D. looks
30. A. agreement B. relief C. fear D. shock
31. A. happiness B. disappointment C. curiousness D. engagement
32. A. something B. everything C. anything D. nothing
33. A. pain B. terror C. sorrow D. doubt
34. A. unwilling B. unable C. unwise D. unlucky
35. A. destroy B. hide C. drop D. accept
【答案】16. D 17. C 18. C 19. A 20. B 21. A 22. B 23. C 24. A 25. D 26. B 27. C 28. D 29. B 30. A 31. B 32. D 33. A 34. B 35. C
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章中大学最后一天，教授介绍了关于思维力量的人生经验。课上，教授让学生猜测一杯水的重量，解释了水的重量与举着杯子的时间长短之间的关系。借此教授想要告诉学生，人们所背负的各种消极情绪就像这杯水，长时间地背负着这些消极情绪会使人们难以做其它事件。
【16题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在大学毕业前的最后一天，我们的教授走上讲台给我们上了最后一堂课，她称之为“关于心态的力量的人生课”。A. origin起源；B. trend趋势；C. standard标准；D. power力量。结合下文主要内容可知教授的最后一堂课想要说明的是关于心态的力量的人生课，故选D。
【17题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当她把一杯水举过头顶时，每个人都预料到她会提到典型的“半满的还是半空的”的问题。A. picked捡起；B. laid放；C. raised举起；D. pulled拉。结合后文a glass of water over her head可知是把一杯水举过头顶。故选C。
【18题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当她把一杯水举过头顶时，每个人都预料到她会提到典型的“半满的还是半空的”的问题。A. urged催促；B. begged恳求；C. expected期待；预料；D. advised建议。结合后文her to mention the typical "glass half empty or glass half full" question可知学生们看到她把一杯水举过头顶时，每个人都预料到她会提到典型的“半满的还是半空的”的问题。故选C。
【19题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：教授反而面带微笑地问道："我拿着这杯水有多重？A. Instead相反；反而；而是；B. Therefore因此；C. Otherwise否则；D. Anyway无论如何。教授没有询问学生预期的问题，"反而"询问水的重量，故选A。
【20题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：学生们大声说出了从8盎司到几磅不等的答案。A. coming来到；B. ranging变化；C. transforming转换；D. judging判断。结合后文from eight ounces to a couple pounds可知学生们的答案各不相同，范围从8盎司到几磅变化。故选B。
【21题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在听了各种各样的答案后，她回答说:“在我看来，杯子的绝对重量并不重要。A. various各种各样的；B. visible明显的；C. quick快的；D. short短的。根据上文from eight ounces to a couple pounds可知学生的答案各种各样。故选A。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：杯子的绝对重量并不重要。A. concern关心；B. matter要紧；C. care关怀；D. mean意味着。结合后文how long I hold it可知杯子的绝对重量并不重要，重要的是能拿多久。故选B。
【23题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：这完全取决于我握住它的时间。A. refers to涉及；B. results in导致；C. depends on取决于；D. mixes with混合。结合后文how long I hold it可知老师认为杯子的重量取决于人们握住它的时间。故选C。
【24题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：如果我拿上一两分钟，它相当轻。A. fairly相当地；B. exactly恰好地；C. theoretically理论地；D. merely仅仅。结合上文可知如果只是拿上一两分钟，杯子是相当轻的。故选A。
【25题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：如果我连续拿一个小时，我的手臂可能会感到疼痛。A. only仅仅；B. again再次；C. later稍后；D. straight连续的；不间断的。根据后文my arm might feel painful可知如果是连续拿着杯子一个小时，手臂可能会感到疼痛。故选D。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果我一整天都拿着它，我的手臂会感觉完全麻木，迫使我把杯子掉到地板上。A. permitting允许；B. forcing迫使；C. encouraging鼓励；D. reminding提醒。结合上文my arm will feel completely numb可知手臂感觉完全麻木了会迫使人把杯子掉到地板上。故选B。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：每种情况下杯子重量都没有变化，但我拿的时间越长，感觉就越重。”A. section部分；B. problem问题；C. case情况；D. field领域。结合上文老师列举了举杯子一两分钟、一个小时和一整天三种情况。故此处指每种情况下杯子的重量都没有变化。故选C。
【28题详解】
考查连词词义辨析。句意：每种情况下杯子的重量都没有变化，但我拿的时间越长，感觉就越重。”A. so因此；B. or或者；C. for为了；D. but但是。结合上下文语境可知为转折关系，故选D。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：每种情况下杯子的重量都没有变化，但我拿的时间越长，感觉就越重。”A. remains保持；B. feels感觉；C. proves证明；D. looks看起来。杯子于人而言是随着时间越长感觉越重的。故选B。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：全班点头表示同意。A. agreement同意；B. relief救济；C. fear害怕；D. shock震惊。结合上文the class nodded their heads可知全班点头表示同意老师的说法。故选A。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：你的烦恼、失望和压力就像这杯水。A. happiness幸福；B. disappointment失望；C. curiousness好奇；D. engagement参与。结合后文and stressful thoughts可知是在说明一些负面的情绪。故disappointment符合语境。故选B。
【32题详解】
考查不定代词辨析。句意：想一下，什么也不会发生。A. something某事；B. everything一切；C. anything任何事；D. nothing没有什么。结合上文说明杯子举一两分钟并不会觉得很重，所以消极的东西想一下，什么也不会发生。故选D。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：再多想一会儿，你就会开始感到痛苦。A. pain痛苦；B. terror恐怖；C. sorrow悲伤；D. doubt怀疑。结合上文my arm might feel painful可知消极的东西多想一会儿，你就会开始感到痛苦。故选A。
【34题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：整天想着它们，你会感觉完全麻木，直到你把它们放下，你才能做其他任何事情。A. unwilling不愿意的；B. unable不能的；C. unwise不明智的；D. unlucky不幸的。语境中表示整天背负着那些消极情绪一个人就"不能"做其它任何事件，短语be unable to do“不能做……”。故选B。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：整天想着它们，你会感觉完全麻木，直到你把它们放下，你才能做其他任何事情。A. destroy破坏；B. hide隐藏；C. drop扔掉；D. accept接受。根据第11空后面的 drop the glass推断选择drop，表示一个人直到"扔掉"那些消极情绪才能做事件，故选C。
第四部分 阅读理解 供15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项A、B、C和D中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上 将该项涂黑。
A
The 9th China International Garden Expo
May 18—November 18 Beijing
News
Green-Fingered Beijing Garden Expo Opens to Public
International Garden Expo Opens in Beijing
13,000 Volunteers Prepare for Beijing Garden Expo
Beijing Garden Expo Encourages Family Gardening
Cover stories
Land Rehab
Beijing Garden Expo presents a combination of traditional beauty and enlightened urban development
African Pavilions Open for Business
Beijing Garden Expo's International Exhibition Area still developing Impetus for Development
For your information
Opening time: 8:00 a.m. ― 9:30 p.m.
Location: Beijing Garden Expo Park, Fengtai District
Ticket price: 100 yuan ($16) on normal days; 150 yuan ($24) on 16 designated days
Transportation
Subway: Garden Expo Park Station on Line 14
Shuttle bus: Start from Beijing West Railway Station and Beijing South Railway Station
Bus: Line310, 843,327,385
Beijing Garden Expo in photos
Garden Valley Formerly a 30-meter-deep large sand pit covering 20 hectares of land area, in the Garden Expo Park on the western bank of the Yongding River in Beijing's Fengtai District (CHINANEWS.COM)
Ginkgo Avenue in the Garden Expo Park (CHINANEWS.COM)
European-Style Garden (SHI GANG)
Beijing Park (XINHUA) Hong Kong Garden (CHINANEWS.COM)
Taiwan Garden (CRI)
Harbin Park
It features the white Russian-style church, one of the core landscapes in the park（CHINADAILY） Hefei Park
Four stone lions around the memorial arch represent majesty and decency. The vivid stone lotus carved on the arch stands for incorruptibility, which corresponds with the design concept of the park （CHINA DAILY）
Related reports
2011 International Horticultural Exposition 2010 Shanghai World Expo Beijing in Pictures
36. Which of the statements is TRUE according to the passage?
A. Visitors can take subway Line 14 starting from Beijing West Railway Station.
B. The two photos of Ginkgo Avenue and Harbin Park come from the same source.
C. A family of three will pay 300 yuan to visit the Garden Expo on any day.
D. Visitors can appreciate the beauty of the stone lotus in Hefei Park at the Expo.
37. What is the purpose of this passage?
A. To introduce volunteers to the Garden Expo. '
B. To offer information about the Garden Expo.
C. To promote the gardening industry in China.
D. To attract more visitors to the Garden Expo.
【答案】36. D 37. B
【解析】
这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了5月18日到11月18日在北京举办的第九届中国国际园林博览会，提供了新闻报道，封面故事、供游客参考的信息以及交通路线等信息。
【36题详解】
细节理解题。根据Harbin Park部分中The vivid stone lotus carved on the arch stands for incorruptibility…（拱门上生动的石雕莲花象征着清廉……）可知参观者可以在博览会上欣赏Harbin Park的石莲花之美。故选D。
【37题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章主要内容为5月18日到11月18日在北京举办的第九届中国国际园林博览会的介绍，可知这篇文章的目的是提供有关园博会的信息。故选B。
B
Some people always seem to have sunny outlooks, while others never stop complaining. Naturally, scientists have asked why
In a study, University of Minnesota researchers David Lykken and Auke Tellegen analysed well-being questionnaires answered by 254 twins over a 10-year period. They found that identical twins' （同卵双胞胎）happiness was much closely paired over time than that of fraternal twins （异卵 双胞胎）.In a smaller sample of twins separated in infancy （婴儿期）and raised apart—removing the influence of a shared environment—the effect was slightly more pronounced. The authors went on to calculate that about 50 per cent of happiness genetic. The scientific community is still arguing about the exact number; but the basic finding is widely accepted.
If a large part of happiness is genetic, does that mean the rest can be acquired by upgrading your job, your house or where you live?
Decades of research support the theory of hedonic adaptation （享乐适应），sometimes called "happiness treadmill （快乐水车理论）"：after negative and positive life changes, individuals tend to return to a baseline level of well-being. One study examined 3,658 Germans who moved into new houses because they were frustrated with their old ones. Housing satisfaction generally rose in the first year and then began falling, though remained higher than before the move. But life satisfaction remained unchanged. Other studies have found that spikes in well-being after marriage, or a job promotion tend to fade within months. On the flip side, even after calamitous changes like widowhood, disability, and job loss, happiness usually trend upward again （although slowly and with more variability）.
In other words, chasing material life changes doesn’t offer much joy. Does that mean happiness is out of our control? Not at all, says Sonja Lyubomirsky, a psychology professor at the University of California, Riverside and the author of The Myths of Happiness. After conducting a review of 51 "happiness interventions"—including writing letters of gratitude, counting one's blessings and practicing random acts of kindness—Lyubomirsky and her co-author, Nancy L. Sin, found that these simple activities had a significance effect on well-being. In addition, enjoying positive experiences tended to increase appreciation of them.
"Happiness is not something where you either have it or you don't. You definitely can do something about it," says Lyubomirsky.
38. What does the theory of Hedonic adaptation refer to?
A. A person's happiness grows over time.
B. A person, tend to be happier when positive changes occur.
C. A person tends to be less happy when negative changes occur.
D. A person's long term happiness is not significantly affected by any event.
39. What does the underlined word “calamitous” in paragraph 4 mean?
A. significant. B. disastrous
C. gradual. D. constant
40 Which of the following may Soja Lyubomirsky agree with?
A. He who makes others happy is truly happy.
B. Joy and sorrow are next-door neighbors.
C. Man is the master of his happiness.
D. Joys shared with others are more enjoyed.
【答案】38. D 39. B 40. C
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。主要说明了研究人员计算出大约50%的幸福是遗传的，而除了遗传之外，写感谢信，数数自己得到的祝福，以及做一些随机的善举这些简单的活动对幸福有显著的影响。
【38题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段第一句Decades of research support the theory of hedonic adaptation，sometimes called "happiness treadmill"：after negative and positive life changes, individuals tend to return to a baseline level of well-being.（数十年的研究支持享乐适应理论，有时也被称为“快乐水车理论”:在经历了消极和积极的生活变化后，个人往往会回到幸福的基线水平）可知享乐适应理论指的是一个人的长期幸福不会受到任何事件的显著影响。故选D。
【39题详解】
词义猜测题。根据下文changes like widowhood, disability, and job loss, happiness usually trend upward again （although slowly and with more variability）.可知在经历了诸如丧偶、残疾和失业等灾难性的变化之后，幸福感通常也会再次上升(尽管速度缓慢，变化幅度更大)。like widowhood, disability, and job loss是对calamitous changes的解释说明，故可推知划线单词意思为“灾难性的；悲惨的”。故选B。
【40题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段"Happiness is not something where you either have it or you don't. You definitely can do something about it," says Lyubomirsky.（幸福不是你拥有或没有的东西。你一定可以做些什么。” Lyubomirsky说）同时分析选项可知Sonja Lyubomirsky最有可能同意“人是自己幸福的主人”的观点。故选C。
C
Intelligence makes for better leaders —from undergraduates to managers to presidents — according to multiple studies. It certainly makes sense that handling a market shift or anything alike require intelligence. But new research on leadership suggests that, at a certain point, having a higher IQ stops helping and starts hurting.
Although previous research has shown that groups with smarter leaders perform better by objective measures, some studies have suggested that followers might subjectively view leaders with extremely high intellect as less effective. Decades ago, Dean Simonton, a psychologist from the University of California, Davis, proposed that brilliant leaders' words may simply go over people's heads, their solutions could be more complicated to carry out and followers might find it harder to relate to them. Now Simonton and two colleagues have finally tested that idea, publishing their results in the July 2017 issue of the Journal of Applied Psychology.
The researchers looked at 379 male and female business leaders in 30 countries across fields including banking, retail and technology. The managers took IQ tests and each was rated on leadership style and effectiveness by an average of eight co-workers. IQ positively correlated （和正相关）with ratings of leader effectiveness, strategy formation, vision and several other characteristics—up to a point. The ratings peaked at an IQ of around 120, which is higher than roughly 80 percent of office workers. Beyond that, the ratings declined. The researchers suggest the "ideal" IQ could be higher or lower in various fields, to 140 or 100, depending on whether technical or social skills are more valued in a given work culture.
"It's an interesting and thoughtful paper,” says Paul Sackett, a management professor at University of Minnesota, who was not involved in the research. “To me, the right interpretation of the work would be that it highlights a need to understand what high-IQ leaders do that leads to lower understanding by followers,” he says. “The wrong interpretation would be, “Don’t hire high-IQ leaders.'"
The study’s lead author, John Antonakis, a psychologist at the University of Lausanne in Switzerland, suggests leaders should use their intelligence to use creative language that will persuade and inspire others—the way former U.S. President Barack Obama did. "I think the only way a smart person can signal their intelligence properly and still connect with the people,” Antonakis says, "is to speak in charming ways."
41. The reason why those with high IQs are viewed as worse leaders is probably that .
A. followers think of their leaders to be less effective
B. their IQ has a positive correlation with leader effectiveness
C. they are hard to get their schemes across to followers
D. their social skills can't be recognized in some work culture
42. Which of the following graphs shows the correct relationship between IQ points and leadership qualities?
A. B.
C. D.
43. To improve their leadership, high-IQ leaders can.
A. interpret the work they are involved in
B. use inspiring and accessible language
C. take a course in leader effectiveness
D. communicate more with their followers
44. What could be the best title for the passage?
A. A way to success for high-IQ leaders
B. The latest research on intelligence
C. Choose to be a leader of low intelligence
D. Does a high IQ advance your leadership
【答案】41. C 42. A 43. B 44. D
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨的是高智商的领导和其领导力的关系。文章开头提出高智商对领导力有害，紧接着举例一些相关研究者做过的实验，阐述其观点和结论，说明了其背后的原因。指出高智商领导者应该用他们的智慧来使用创造性的语言，从而说服和激励他人，提高自身领导能力。
【41题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段中Decades ago Dean Simonton, a psychologist at the University of California, Davis, proposed that brilliant leaders' words may simply go over people's heads, their solutions could be more complicated to implement and followers might find it harder to relate to them. （几十年前，加州大学戴维斯分校的心理学家Dean Simonton提出，杰出领导者的话可能会被人们忽视，他们的解决方案可能实施起来更加复杂，追随者可能会发现很难与他们产生共鸣）可知高智商的人被认为是糟糕的领导者的原因可能是他们很难让追随者理解他们的计划。故选C。
【42题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段中IQ positively correlated with ratings of leader effectiveness, strategy formation, vision and several other characteristics—up to a point. The ratings peaked at an IQ of around 120, which is higher than roughly 80 percent of office workers. Beyond that, the ratings declined. （在一定程度上，智商与领导者的效率、战略形成、远见和其他几个特征的评分呈正相关。这些人的智商最高时约为120，比80%的上班族都要高。超过120，评分下降。）可知，智商与领导效能的关系为当智商评分小于120时，二者成正相关，当智商评分大于120时，二者成负相关。故选A。
【43题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中a psychologist at the University of Lausanne in Switzerland, suggests leaders should use their intelligence to use creative language that will persuade and inspire others（瑞士洛桑大学的一位心理学家建议，领导者应该运用自己的聪明才智，使用创造性的语言来说服和激励他人）以及 the only way a smart person can signal their intelligence appropriately and still connect with the people is to speak in appealing ways（一个聪明的人能够恰当地表达他们的智慧并与人们保持联系的唯一方法就是用吸引人的方式说话） 可知高智商的领导者可以使用鼓舞人心和吸引人的语言来提高他们的领导力。故选B。
【44题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段最后一句But new research on leadership suggests that, at a certain point, having a higher IQ stops helping and starts hurting.（但一项关于领导力的新研究表明，在某种程度上，高智商不再有益，反而有害）以及文章主要内容围绕着探讨高智商的领导和其领导力的关系，可知D选项“高智商能提升你的领导能力吗”符合文章标题。故选D。
D
I was having breakfast, when "OUCH!" I screamed. “Why do you pinch （捏）me?”
"You're not wearing green/' said my little brother; Tex. “Everyone knows you get pinched if you don’t wear green on Saint Patrick's Day!"
I was mostly mad about getting pinched, but also a tiny bit glad about being reminded that it was Saint Patrick's Day.
I panicked. "What am I going to do? I don't have time to change. I'll get pinched all day long!" "Well,", Tex said, taking the old green baseball hat off his head, "you could borrow my lucky hat.”
"But it's your favorite!" I said.
"I know,” said Tex. "Just promise to give it back after school."
"No problem," I said, glancing in the mirror on my way out the door. "I look like a fool in this thing !"
"A lucky fool.” said Tex.
"Hum." I grabbed my backpack. "Thanks, I think?'
Now, before I go on, you should know that I'm not a superstitious （迷信的）person. I don't believe that thirteen is an unlucky number or that breaking a mirror brings seven years of bad luck.
Anyway, I was racing to catch the school bus, and I saw a dollar on the sidewalk! I looked around to see if anyone was looking for it, but people just kept stepping on the poor thing, so I decided to rescue it. I had found pennies before, but never a dollar!
My luck didn't stop there. Carlos and Jackson were sitting behind me, quizzing each other on spelling words.
I turned around and said, "You guys know that test isn't till tomorrow right?"
"It got switched to this morning," said Jacsksn. "Remember?"
"That's right. I totally forgot!" I said. "I'm so lucky that I sat in front of you. If I hadn't, I wouldn't have found out till it was too late!” I got out my spelling words, studied all the way to school. And ended up getting a good mark in the test!
The minute I got home, I gave Tex a big hug.
“This is the luckiest hat in the world,” I said. "I'm never taking it off!
"But you promised to give it back!" said Tex.
"Please—oh—please let me borrow your lucky hat for one more day!" I begged.
"Tomorrow I'm auditioning （试演）for the school play, and I need every bit of help I can get.” "OK," said Tex. “One more day. But you'd better be really nice to me."
"I will," I agreed. "In fact, here you have my lucky dollar!” Tex cried with joy, then started dancing around and waving his gift in the air.
The next day turned out to be super lucky. My audition couldn't have gone better.
"Wow, Arizona!" said my friend Mareya. "I can't believe how amazingly you just did! You are so getting a major part in this play!"
"Thanks! But honestly. the only reason I did OK is because I had my lucky hat.”
"What lucky hat?” asked Mareya.
“This one,” I said, reaching into my backpack, where I thought I'd put Tex's hat since I couldn't
wear it for the audition. But it wasn't there! " Oh no!" I cried. "It's gone! What am I going to tell Tex?”
Mareya helped me look for it. Luckily, we found Tex's hat in my locker. Also luckily. I discovered that I could be lucky with or without a goofy-looking hat.
"So it wasn't the hat," said Mareya. "This is just a wild guess, but maybe it was all those hours you spent practicing over the past month.”
"Hmm,” I said. “It's possible.”
So, dear friend, I guess you could say that luck is a combination of being prepared, believing in yourself and maybe just a tiny bit of magic! In other words, luck may come your way, but you have to be ready for it when it does!
45. What can we infer from what the writer said "I look like a fool in this thing"?
A. She thought she became a fool when wearing the hat.
B. She didn't like to wear the green baseball hat.
C. She didn’t believe the hat would bring her a good luck.
D. She thought she was foolish to put on the green hat.
46. What did the writer think of her behavior of picking up a dollar?
A. It was a shameful behavior. B. It was an individual behavior.
C. It was a moral behavior. D. It was a fortunate behavior.
47. When was the writer reminded of the test?
A. On the school bus. B. A few minutes before the test.
C. In the classroom. D. When the quiz began.
48. Which of the following statement is CORRECT?
A. The writer begged Tex to give the hat to her.
B. The writer's audition was quite successful.
C. The writer bought a present for her brother.
D. The writer got the major part in the play.
49. What does the underlined word "goofy-looking" most probably mean?
A. Good-looking. B. Lucky-looking.
C. Foolish-looking. D. Cool-looking.
50. At the end of the story, the writer realized that " "
A. an ounce of luck is better than a pound of wisdom
B. bad luck always comes in threes
C. behind bad luck comes good luck
D. opportunities are only given to those who are well-prepared
【答案】45. C 46. D 47. A 48. B 49. C 50. D
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章主要通过讲述作者和一顶幸运帽之间的故事，来说明幸运有时看起来是偶然，实则是你日积月累的准备和积累的结果，是一种必然。
【45题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句Tex said, taking the old green baseball hat off his head, "you could borrow my lucky hat.”（特克斯从头上摘下那顶旧的绿色棒球帽，说道:“你可以借我的幸运帽。”）和第十段第一句Now, before I go on, you should know that I'm not a superstitious person.（在我继续之前，你应该知道我不是一个迷信的人）我们能从作者“I look like a fool in this thing”这句话中推断出她不相信这顶帽子会给她带来好运。故选C。
【46题详解】
细节理解题。根据第十一段最后一句I had found pennies before, but never a dollar!（我以前发现过几便士，但从来没有发现过一美元!）以及第十二段第一句My luck didn't stop there.（我的好运还不止于此）可知作者认为她捡起一美元是一个幸运的行为。故选D。
【47题详解】
细节理解题。根据第十五段中I'm so lucky that I sat in front of you. If I hadn't, I wouldn't have found out till it was too late!（我很幸运坐在你前面。如果我没有，我就不会发现，直到为时已晚!）可知作者是在校车上想到这个测试。故选A。
【48题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第九段第二句My audition couldn't have gone better.（我的试镜再好不过了）可知作者的试镜很成功。故选B。
【49题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第七段第二句I look like a fool in this thing！（我戴这个帽子看起来像个傻瓜！）可推断goofy-looking此处表示“滑稽可笑的”，与选项中foolish-looking同义。故选C。
【50题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中In other words, luck may come your way, but you have to be ready for it when it does!（换句话说，幸运可能会降临到你身上，但你必须做好准备）可知在故事的结尾，作者意识到机会只给那些准备充分的人。故选D。
第II卷（两部分共35分）
第五部分任务型阅读（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。 注意：每个空格只填1个单词。
One of the primary problems of being a human being is: Try as you might to come across in a certain way to others, people often perceive (感知、理解)you in an altogether different way.
One person may think, for example, that by offering help to a colleague, she is coming across as generous. But her colleague may interpret her offer as a lack of faith in his abilities. Just as he misunderstands her, she misunderstands him: She offered him help because she thought he was overworked and stressed. He has, after all, been showing up early to work and going home late every day. But that's not why he's keeping strange hours; he just works best when the office is less crowded.
These kinds of misunderstandings lead to conflict and resentment (怨恨)not just at work, but at home too. How many fights between couples have started with one person misinterpreting what another says and does? He stares at his plate at dinner while she's telling a story and she assumes he doesn't care about what she's saying, when really he is admiring the beautiful meal she made.
Most of the time, Halvorson says, people don't realize they are not coming across the way they think they are. “If I ask you," Halvorson told me, "about how you see yourself—what traits (特点)you would say describe you—and I ask someone who knows you well to list your traits, there's a big gap between how other people see us and how we see ourselves.”
This gap arises from some quirks (习惯)of human psychology. Most people suffer from what psychologists call "the transparency illusion"—the belief that what they feel, desire, and intend is crystal clear to others, even though they have done very little to communicate clearly what is going on inside their minds.
Because the perceived assume they are transparent, they might not spend the time or effort to be as clear and forthcoming about their intentions or emotional states as they could be, giving the perceiver very little information with which to make an accurate judgment. The perceiver, meanwhile, is dealing with two powerful psychological forces that are warping (歪曲)his ability to read others accurately.
Chances are that you "I'm kind of hurt by what you just said” face probably looks an awful lot like your "I'm not at all hurt by what you just said" face. And the majority of times that you've said to yourself "I made my intentions clear," or “He knows what I meant," you didn't and he doesn't.
Passage outline
Supporting details
A primary problem
People's understanding; of your behavior often ___51___your
original intention.
Typical ___52___
♦A colleague may feel you don't ___53___him to work well when you offer generous help.
♦You think your colleague overworks, but he believes he can be more effective when left ___54___at office after work.
♦A wife may feel angry about her husband being absent-minded while she is telling a story at dinner, but actually his ___55___is on what she has cooked.
Explanations of the problem
♦ Most of the time, people don't ___56___the problem.
♦ Your ___57___of your traits is quite different from how others see you.
♦ Most people believe others know them well, so they tend to ignore the clear ___58___of what is going on inside their minds.
♦ Without enough information about the perceived, the perceiver often ___59___to make an accurate judgment.
Conclusion
♦ It is likely that there is a ___60___between what you think you are and what others think you are.
【答案】51. contradicts
52. examples
53. trust 54. alone
55. attention/focus/concentration/mind
56. realize
57. description/account/understanding/recognition/knowledge/comprehension
58. communication
59. fails 60. gap/distance/difference/distinction
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章指出一个人所要传达的信息和接受者接受到的信息存在着巨大的差异，文章运用了三个事例来说明这一情况，并分析了这一问题产生的原因。最后指出你认为自己是什么样的人和别人认为你是什么样的人之间很可能存在差距。
【51题详解】
考查动词时态。根据第一段One of the primary problems of being a human being is: Try as you might to come across in a certain way to others, people often perceive you in an altogether different way.（作为一个人，最主要的问题之一就是:尽管你试图以一种特定的方式让别人认识你，但人们通常会以一种完全不同的方式来看待你）可知人们对你的看法和你对你自己的看法是矛盾的不一样的，故此处需要填动词contradict“与……矛盾”，且主语为People's understanding of your behavior，结合often可知应用一般现在时，谓语动词用第三人称单数。故填contradicts。
【52题详解】
考查名词。根据表格的另一端colleague和wife等都是举出的论证事例，可知右边主要为典型案例“typical examples”。故填examples。
【53题详解】
考查动词。根据第二段中One person may think, for example, that by offering help to a colleague, she is coming across as generous. But her colleague may interpret her offer as a lack of faith in his abilities.（例如，一个人可能会认为，向同事提供帮助会给人留下慷慨大方的印象。但她的同事可能会将她的提议解读为对他的能力缺乏信心）可知当你提供慷慨的帮助时，同事可能会觉得你不“信任（trust）”他。结合上文don’t可知应填动词原形，故填trust。
【54题详解】
考查副词。根据第二段最后一句But that's not why he's keeping strange hours; he just works best when the office is less crowded.（但这并不是他作息时间奇怪的原因;他只是在办公室不太拥挤的时候工作得最好）可知你认为你的同事工作过度，但他相信下班后“独自（alone）”留在办公室会更有效率。故填alone。
【55题详解】
考查名词。根据第三段最后一句He stares at his plate at dinner while she's telling a story and she assumes he doesn't care about what she's saying, when really he is admiring the beautiful meal she made.（他在晚餐时盯着自己盘子，而她在讲故事，她以为他不在乎她说什么，而实际上他是在欣赏她做的美食）可知一个妻子可能会对她的丈夫在吃饭时心不在焉感到生气，但实际上他的注意力是在她煮的东西上。故填attention/focus/concentration/mind。
【56题详解】
考查动词。根据第四段第一句Most of the time, Halvorson says, people don't realize they are not coming across the way they think they are.（霍尔沃森说，大多数时候，人们并没有意识到他们所遇到的情况并不是他们所想的那样）可知大多数时候，人们没有“意识到（realize）”这个问题。根据上文don’t可知应填动词原形。故填realize。
【57题详解】
考查名词。根据第四段中“If I ask you," Halvorson told me, "about how you see yourself—what traits you would say describe you—and I ask someone who knows you well to list your traits, there's a big gap between how other people see us and how we see ourselves.”（“如果我问你，”霍尔沃森告诉我，“你如何看待你自己——你会说你的哪些特质描述了你——我问一个很了解你的人，列出你的特质，你会发现别人如何看待我们和我们如何看待自己之间有很大的差距。”）可知你对自己特点的描述和别人对你的看法很不一样。故填description/account/understanding/recognition/knowledge/comprehension。
【58题详解】
考查名词。根据第五段中Most people suffer from what psychologists call "the transparency illusion"—the belief that what they feel, desire, and intend is crystal clear to others, even though they have done very little to communicate clearly what is going on inside their minds.（大多数人都遭受着心理学家所说的“透明错觉”的折磨——他们相信自己的感觉、欲望和意图对别人来说都是一清二楚的，尽管他们在清楚地表达自己的想法方面做得很少）可知大多数人认为别人很了解自己，因此，他们往往忽略了他们头脑中正在发生的事情的清晰“沟通（communication）”。故填communication。
【59题详解】
考查动词时态。根据第六段中Because the perceived assume they are transparent, they might not spend the time or effort to be as clear and forthcoming about their intentions or emotional states as they could be, giving the perceiver very little information with which to make an accurate judgment.（因为被感知者假设他们是透明的，他们可能不会花时间或精力尽可能清晰和坦率地表达他们的意图或情绪状态，给感知者很少的信息来做出准确的判断。）可知如果没有足够的信息，感知者往往无法做出准确的判断。短语fail to “不能”，且本句主语为the perceiver，根据often可知为一般现在时，谓语动词用第三人称单数。故填fails。
【60题详解】
考查名词。根据第一段出现的in an altogether different way以及最后一段中出现了you don’t and he doesn’t可知你所传达的信息和接受者接受到的信息存在着巨大的“差异”，故填gap/distance/difference/distinction。
第六部分书面表达（满分25分）
61.阅读下面的材料，然后按要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。
Traditional Chinese medicine, practiced for thousands of years, is having trouble maintaining traction in many parts of the country, said the president of a TCM hospital in Henan province.
“I have visited many counties across the country and found many of them do not have a single TCM hospital," said Pang Guoming of Kaifeng Hospital of TCM in Kaifeng. "In some counties, TCM hospitals use the old buildings of other hospitals, which have moved to bigger and new buildings."
"TCM is a unique health resource for China, and more effort should be made to promote it so it plays a bigger part in universal healthcare."
The development of TCM is expected to accelerate, with a guideline recently approved by the top leadership aimed at promoting innovation and the passing on of TCM knowledge.
Equal importance should be given to the development of TCM and Western medicine to promote their complementary （互补的）nature, said the guideline. More efforts should be made to improve the TCM service system, promote high-quality development of the TCM industry and boost TCM talent building, it said.
A widely known example is Tu Youyou, who won the 2015 Nobel Prize for the discovery of the artemisinin. Tu and her Chinese colleagues gained the insight that led to their discovery while reading a TCM prescription book that was more than 1,600 years old.
［写作内容］
1. 用约30个单词写出上文概要；
2. 用约120个单词发表你对中国传统医学的看法，并说明理由。
［写作要求］
1. 写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；
2. 作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；
3. 不必写标题。
［评分标准］
内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】 Facing the decline of the traditional Chinese medicine, a guideline was approved, hoping to promote the development of it. Some possible measures are stressed in it.
From my perspective, it is of great significance and necessity to promote the development of the TCM. As a treasure of Chinese civilization. TCM contains the nation's ideas and experience of our ancestors, which deserves our preservation and in-heritage. Also, TCM has seen remarkable accomplishments and has made important contributions to improving people's health.
Although it is now facing great challenges from the western medicines, I think some efforts as simple as promoting the training of talent, scientific and technological innovation as well as research and development of new medicines can help to restore its past glory. Of course, equal importance should be attached to providing the students with the opportunity to I earn about the applications of traditional medicine and its overall culture to arouse their interest in this field. (154 words)
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇读写任务写作。
【详解】第1步：根据提示可知, 本篇为一篇短文；阅读下面的材料，然后按要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。［写作内容］1. 用约30个单词写出上文概要；2. 用约120个单词发表你对中国传统医学的看法，并说明理由。
第2步：根据写作要求, 确定关键词（组） ：from my perspective（在我看来）；be of great significance（意义重大的）；remarkable accomplishments（非凡成就）；make important contributions to（作出重要贡献）等。
第3步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句, 注意主谓一致和时态问题。此处文章主要应用一般现在时。
第4步：连句成文, 注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡, 书写一定要规范清晰, 保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。
【点睛】范文内容完整, 语言规范, 语篇连贯, 词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级表达方式, 如Facing the decline of the traditional Chinese medicine, a guideline was approved, hoping to promote the development of it.非谓语动词的运用；Although it is now facing great challenges from the western medicines, I think some efforts as simple as promoting the training of talent, scientific and technological innovation as well as research and development of new medicines can help to restore its past glory.运用了让步状语从句。全文中没有中国式英语的句式, 显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外, 文章思路清晰、层次分明, 上下句转换自然, 为文章增色添彩。
2019〜2020学年期中学业质量监测
高三英语
注意事项
考生在答题前请认真阅读本注意事项及各题答题要求
1. 本试卷共12页，包含第I卷（选择题）和第II卷（非选择题）两部分，共120分。 考试时间120分钟。考试结束后，只要将答题纸交回。
2. 答题前，请您务必将自己的姓名、学校、考试号用书写黑色字迹的0.5毫米签字笔 填写在答题纸上，并用2B铅笔把答题纸上考试号对应数字框涂黑，如需改动，请用 橡皮擦干净后，再正确涂写。
3. 监考员在答题卡上粘贴的条形码上的姓名、考试证号与你本人的是否相符。
4. 答题时，必须用书写黑色字迹的0.5毫米签字笔写在答题纸上的指定位置，在其它 位置作答一律无效。
第I卷（四部分共85分）
第一部分听力（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）
第一节（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项， 并标在试卷的相应位置，听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下 一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What does the man offer to do?
A. Go to 7th street.
B. Show another shirt.
C. Call another branch.
2. What is the cause of the woman's quietness?
A. The violent film. B. Her tiredness. C. The crowded theater.
3. How does the man know about animals?
A. From books. B. On TV C. Through the Internet.
4. Where are the speakers?
A. At a shop. B. In a restaurant. C. At home.
5. What does the woman do?
A. A nurse. B. A waitress. C. A saleswoman.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中 选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后， 各小题给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. When was the woman promoted last time?
A. Three years ago. B. Four years ago. C。. Five years ago.
7. What can we learn from the conversation?
A. The woman will keep this job.
B. The man will raise the woman's salary.
C. The woman would like to work with the man.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8. What was the worst thing for the man after the operation?
A. He had a great pain.
B. He couldn't eat anything.
C. He had to take the medicine.
9. What does the woman ask the man to do?
A. Eat out with her.
B. Stop eating some food.
C. Make a list of his favorite food.
听第8段材料.回符第10至12题。
10. What does the woman think of the visit at first?
A. Tiring. B. Unworthy. C. Amazing.
11. What animal did the man fail to see?
A. Sharks. B. Tree frogs. C. Butterflies.
12. What does the man suggest doing in the end?
A. Visiting some birds.
B. Taking a rest at the basement.
C. Learning more about wild animals.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13. How does the man feel about joining the association?
A. Uninterested. B. Relaxed. C. Worried
14. How much is the one-year membership fee?
A. £5. B. £10. C. £35.
15. How often do guest speakers meet?
A. Once a month. B. Twice a month. C. Once a week.
16. What is peer coaching about?
A. Students doing sports after study.
B. Senior students helping other students out.
C. Students making speeches on various topics.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. What is the talk mainly about?
A. A town. B. A hospital. C. An organization.
18. What does the speaker say about the project this year?
A. It is interesting. B. It is successful. C. It is difficult.
19. What is required to become a volunteer for MSF?
A. The ability to handle pressure.
B. The ability to get along with others.
C. The ability to cope with emergency incidents.
20. What kind of volunteers are in urgent need?
A. Doctors. B. Building engineers. C. Food experts.
第二部分 单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
请认真阅读下面各题，从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项，并在答题 卡上将该项涂黑。
1.Shanghai joined other cities in enforcing strict regulations on waste management, making garbage classification _____
A. consistent B. compulsory C. conditional D. controversial
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词辨析。句意：上海加入其他城市行列，在垃圾管理方面实施了严格的规定，强制进行垃圾分类。A. consistent 一致的；B. compulsory被强制的；义务的；C. conditional有条件的；D. controversial有争议的。结合制定严格规定，得知是强制的，故选B。
2."Hongmeng" was once used to describe the _____ state of the universe before matter existed.
A. original B. systematic C. permanent D. unconscious
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词辨析。句意：“鸿蒙”曾被用来描述物质存在之前宇宙的原始状态。A. original原始的；B. systematic系统的；C. permanent永久的；D. unconscious无意识的。结合before matter existed.物质存在之前以及句意，得知是原始的，故选A。
3.70,000 pigeons were _____ in Tian'anmen Square on Oct 1 to mark the 70th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China.
A. delivered B. relieved C. released D. liberated
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查动词辨析。句意：10月1日，为纪念中华人民共和国成立70周年，天安门广场放飞了7万只鸽子。A. delivered递送；B. relieved缓解；C. released释放，侧重指放松限制、解除监禁或免除义务；D. liberated解放，常指从束缚和压迫中解放出来，强调获得最终的解放。此处指“放飞”鸽子应用release。故选C。
4.Tu Youyou's route to the honor has been _____ traditional for she has no medical degree and never worked overseas.
A. anything but B. nothing but C. everything but D. something but
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查短语辨析。句意：屠呦呦获得这一荣誉的途径并非惯例，因为她没有医学学位，也从未在海外工作过。A. anything but根本不；决不；B. nothing but只有；只不过；C. everything but除了；D. something but但是。结合句意故选A。
5.China's development can't continue without lawmakers, nor _____ move forward without scientists .
A. it can B. can it C. can't it D. it can't
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查倒装句。句意: 中国的发展离不开立法者，它的前进也离不开科学家。当so/neither/nor位于句首时，表示“也”、“也不”，可将其后与前面重复的谓语部分置于主语之前，构成部分倒装。此处将can提前到主语之前，故选B。
【点睛】部分倒装
部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分(多为助动词或情态动词)置于主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前。
(1)表示否定意义的副词、介词短语和连词放在句首时要部分倒装。此类副词或连词主要有no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not only…but also…, hardly…when…, no sooner…than…, not until…等。如：
Never have I seen such a performance. 我从未见过这样的表演。
Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room. 直到孩子睡着了，母亲才离开房间。
No sooner had I got home than it began to rain. 我刚到家就开始下雨了。
(2)当so/neither/nor位于句首时，表示“也”、“也不”，可将其后与前面重复的谓语部分置于主语之前，构成部分倒装。如：
Tom can speak French. So can Jack. 汤姆会说法语。杰克也可以。
If you won’t go, neither will I. 如果你不去，我也不去。
(3)only修饰状语时的部分倒装
“only+状语/状语从句”位于句首时，句子的主语和谓语或主句中的主语和谓语要部分倒装。如：
Only in this way can you learn English well. 只有以这种方法，我们才能学好英语。
Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting. 他被问了三次才来参加会议。
Only when he returned did we find out the truth. 只有当他回来时，我们才查明了真相。
(4)在so… that…句式中，如果so位于句首，主句中的主语和谓语需部分倒装。如：
So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch. 他太害怕了以至于一动也不敢动。
(5)在虚拟条件句中，从句谓语动词有were, had, should等词，if可省略，将were, had, should移到主语之前，构成部分倒装。如：
Were I you, I would try it again. 如果我是你，我会再试一次。
(6)as/though引导让步状语从句时置于句首时，采用形式倒装，即把强调的内容提至句首，主谓并不倒装。如：
①表语的倒装
Tired as/though he was, he still went on with his work. 尽管他很累，他还是继续工作。
②谓语动词的倒装
Try as he might, he didn’t pass the exam. 尽管很用功，但他考试还是不及格。
③状语的倒装
Much as he likes the bike, he doesn’t want to buy it. 他虽然很喜欢那辆自行车，但不想买它。
注意：如果是单数名词或形容词的最高级作表语，不再用冠词。如：
Child as he is, he knows a lot. 尽管他是孩子，但他懂得很多。
Youngest as he is in our class, he speaks English the best. 他虽然是我们班年龄最小的，但英语说得最好。
6.When enough years _____ to enable us to look back, we sometimes discussed the events leading to his accident.
A. went by B. were to go by C. had gone by D. goes by
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：当足够长的时间过去后，我们可以回顾过去，我们有时讨论导致他发生事故的事件。结合下文we sometimes discussed可知“足够长的时间过去”发生在“讨论”之前，而discussed为一般过去时，故go by发生在“过去的过去”应用过去完成时。故选C。
7._____ interest in studying abroad is rising, more Chinese students who study abroad are also returning home upon completing their degrees.
A. Once B. Since C. While D. Until
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查连接词辨析。句意：虽然出国留学的兴趣正在上升，但更多的中国留学生在完成学业后也会回国。A. Once一旦；B. Since因为；C. While虽然；当……时候；D. Until直到。本句引导让步状语从句，表示“虽然”，故选C。
【点睛】while 用作连词时,有以下几种含义:
1. 意为“当……时候”,引导时间状语从句。
2. 意为“虽然,尽管”,引导让步状语从句。
3. 连接两个并列句子,表示“对比”关系。
二、 while 引导状语从句时,应注意以下几点:
1. while 引导的时间状语从句既可放在句首,也可放在句末;而 while 引导的让步状语从句一般放在句首,不放在句末。另外,也可以从意义上加以区分。
2. while 引导让步状语从句时,如果从句的主语和主句的主语相同,那么从句的主语和谓语动词 be 都可以省略。
3. while 和 when 都可以引导时间状语从句,但应注意: while 引导的时间状语从句中的谓语动词必须是延续性的动词;而 when 引导的时间状语从句中的谓语动词既可以是延续性动词,也可以是非延续性动词.当时间状语从句中的谓语动词是延续性动词时, while 和 when 可以互相替换。
4. while 引导的状语从句还可以表示“某个动作正在进行的同时,另一个动作也在进行之中”。
8.Li Na has become the first Chinese player _____ into the International Tennis Hall of Fame for her great achievements in this field.
A. welcomed B. to be welcomed
C. having been welcomed D. being welcomed
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：因为她在这一领域取得了巨大的成就，李娜成为第一个进入国际网球名人堂的中国运动员。根据上文the first Chinese player可知名词被序数词修饰应用不定式做后置定语，且welcome与逻辑主语player构成被动关系，故应用to be done形式。故选B。
【点睛】用不定式作定语的几种情况：
不定式表将来：
I borrowed some books to read during my holiday. 我借了一些在假期里读的书。
用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no, all, any 等限定的中心词。如：
He was the best man to do the job. 他是做这项工作的最佳人选。
He was always the first to come and the last to leave. 他总是第一个来，最后一个走。
用来修饰的词是抽象名词时，常见的有：ability, chance, idea, fact, excuse, promise, answer, reply, attempt, belief, way, reason, moment, time 等。如：
Do you have the ability to read and write English ? 你有英语读写能力吗?
I have a chance to go sight-seeing.我有去观光的机会。
9.A recent survey shows some students tend to just make unrealistic plans rather than _____ them.
A. submit to B. stick to C. cater to D. apply to
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：最近的一项调查显示，一些学生倾向于制定不切实际的计划，而不是坚持下去。A. submit to提交；B. stick to坚持；C. cater to迎合；D. apply to适用于。rather than表示转折，结合句意故选B。
10.In the novel, language must be adapted to the characters who are speaking, _____ creates a vivid and believable character .
A. which B. who C. that D. what
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句关系词。句意：在小说中，语言必须与说话的人物相适应，从而创造出生动可信的人物形象。本句为非限定性定语从句修饰上文整个句子，且从句中缺少主语，故用关系词which。故选A。
【点睛】定语从句的关系词的选择可考虑以下三点：
(1)一看先行词的意义，即分清先行词是指人、指物、时间、地点还是原因(如指物时不能用who或whom，指人时通常不用which等)
(2)二看关系词的句法功能，即分清关系词是担任什么句子成分，是作主语还是宾语、是作定语还是状语等(如作定语通常用whose，有时也用which；作状语要用when, where, why)
(3)三看定语从句的种类，即分清是限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句(如that和why通常不引导非限制性定语从句)
11.AI will surely be a feature of future life, but it _____ be used responsibly and in a proper way.
A. can B. need C. must D. will
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查情态动词。句意：人工智能肯定会成为未来生活的一个特征，但必须以负责任的方式和适当的方式使用它。A. can能够；B. need需要；C. must必须；D. will将会。此处为情态动词的一般用法，结合句意表示“必须”，故选C。
12.The past week _____ China's sixth annual Cyber security Week held from Sept 16 to 22 nationwide.
A. marked B. has marked C. had marked D. was marking
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：上周是中国第六届网络安全周，于9月16日至22日在全国举行。表示在过去某个时间所发生的动作或所处的状态应用一般过去时。故选A。
13.It makes sense that those introverted people can make up for _____ they lack in social skills with sincerity.
A. which B. what C. if D. that
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查名词性从句连接词。句意：内向的人可以用真诚弥补他们在社交技能上的不足，这是有道理的。本句为宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语，指“社交技能上的不足”应用what引导。故选B。
【点睛】名词性从句关键在于三点：一、找准从句在主句中充当的成分即分出是名词性从句的主语句、宾语从句、表语从句还是同位语从句。二、连接词从句中充当的成分（主、宾、定或状语或不做任何成分）三、弄清楚每个连接词的意义。此外还要注意，近年来高考对于名词性从句的考查多从名词性从句的语序和连接词的用法区别上考查。
14.If we had paid enough attention to the issue of the heavily-overloaded vehicles the tragedy of the collapse of an overpass in Wuxi _____ avoided.
A. should B. could be C. should have been D. could have been
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查情态动词用法。句意：如果我们对超载车辆问题给予足够的重视，就可以避免无锡立交桥垮塌的悲剧。本句为“情态动词+have done”结构，结合句意表示“本来可以；本来能够”应用could have done结构，且主语与谓语动词avoid构成被动关系，故应用be done形式。故选D。
【点睛】情态动词+have done的结构和用法有以下几种：
一、must have done sth.“一定做了某事”。表示对过去事情的较有把握的推测，这时只能用在肯定句中，“肯定/必须已经干过……”，在否定句和疑问句中用can’t或couldn’t或can/ could，例如：
1.From what you said, she must have told you all about it. 从你的话看，她一定告诉了你所有的事情。
二、can/could have done sth.本来能够做某事，而实际上未做；
1.But we could have done it all so much better. 但是，我们本可以把这一切做得更好。
三、can't/couldn't have done sth.不可能做过某事；
1. We could't have done it without you.
没有你我们办不成这事。
四、ought to/should have done sth.过去本应该做某事而实际上并没有做。
You should have done it when you first saw them blooming this spring. 你应该在今年春天第一次看到它们盛开的时候就挖一些的。
2.Even if it’s something you should have done earlier in the week or missed a detail on.
甚至你在一个星期前的就提早完成了一件事或者忽略了一个小细节。
15.Paying too much attention to the details, Yuke is _____.
A. out of the woods B. as free as a bird
C. not able to see the forest for the trees D. salt of the earth
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查习惯用语。句意：由于太过注重细节，Yuke只见树木不见森林。A. out of the woods脱离险境；B. as free as a bird无拘无束；C. not able to see the forest for the trees只见树木不见森林；D. salt of the earth社会精英。结合句意故选C。
第三部分完形填空（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答 题卡上将该项涂黑。
On the last day of college before graduation, our professor walked up on stage to give us a final lesson, which she called "a life lesson on the ___16___ of mindsets （思维模式）As she ___17___ a glass of water over her head, everyone ___18___ her to mention the typical "glass half empty or glass half full" question. ___19___ with a smile on her face, the professor asked, "How heavy is this glass of water I'm holding?"
Students shouted out answers ___20___ from eight ounces （盎司）to a couple pounds.
After a few moments of ___21___ answers, she replied, “In my opinion, the absolute weight of this glass doesn't ___22___ . It all ___23___ how long I hold it. If I hold it for a minute or two, it's ___24___ light. If I hold it for an hour ___25___, my arm might feel painful. If I hold it for the whole day, my arm will feel completely numb, ___26___ me to drop the glass to the floor. In each ___27___/the weight of the glass doesn't change, ___28___ the longer I hold it, the heavier it ___29___ to me."
As the class nodded their heads in ___30___, she continued, "Your worries, ____31____ and
stressful thoughts are like this glass of water. Think about them for a while and ___32___ happens. Think about them a bit longer and you begin to feel ___33___ . Think about them all day long, and you will feel completely numb, ___34___ to do anything else until you ___35___ them.”
16. A. origin B. trend C. standard D. power
17. A. picked B. laid C. raised D. pulled
18. A. urged B. begged C. expected D. advised
19. A. Instead B. Therefore C. Otherwise D. Anyway
20. A. coming B. ranging C. transforming D. judging
21. A. various B. visible C. quick D. short
22. A. concern B. matter C. care D. mean
23 A. refers to B. results in C. depends on D. mixes with
24. A. fairly B. exactly C. theoretically D. merely
25. A. only B. again C. later D. straight
26. A. permitting B. forcing C. encouraging D. reminding
27. A. section B. problem C. case D. field
28. A. so B. or C. for D. but
29. A. remains B. feels C. proves D. looks
30. A. agreement B. relief C. fear D. shock
31. A. happiness B. disappointment C. curiousness D. engagement
32. A. something B. everything C. anything D. nothing
33. A. pain B. terror C. sorrow D. doubt
34. A. unwilling B. unable C. unwise D. unlucky
35. A. destroy B. hide C. drop D. accept
【答案】16. D 17. C 18. C 19. A 20. B 21. A 22. B 23. C 24. A 25. D 26. B 27. C 28. D 29. B 30. A 31. B 32. D 33. A 34. B 35. C
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章中大学最后一天，教授介绍了关于思维力量的人生经验。课上，教授让学生猜测一杯水的重量，解释了水的重量与举着杯子的时间长短之间的关系。借此教授想要告诉学生，人们所背负的各种消极情绪就像这杯水，长时间地背负着这些消极情绪会使人们难以做其它事件。
【16题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在大学毕业前的最后一天，我们的教授走上讲台给我们上了最后一堂课，她称之为“关于心态的力量的人生课”。A. origin起源；B. trend趋势；C. standard标准；D. power力量。结合下文主要内容可知教授的最后一堂课想要说明的是关于心态的力量的人生课，故选D。
【17题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当她把一杯水举过头顶时，每个人都预料到她会提到典型的“半满的还是半空的”的问题。A. picked捡起；B. laid放；C. raised举起；D. pulled拉。结合后文a glass of water over her head可知是把一杯水举过头顶。故选C。
【18题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当她把一杯水举过头顶时，每个人都预料到她会提到典型的“半满的还是半空的”的问题。A. urged催促；B. begged恳求；C. expected期待；预料；D. advised建议。结合后文her to mention the typical "glass half empty or glass half full" question可知学生们看到她把一杯水举过头顶时，每个人都预料到她会提到典型的“半满的还是半空的”的问题。故选C。
【19题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：教授反而面带微笑地问道："我拿着这杯水有多重？A. Instead相反；反而；而是；B. Therefore因此；C. Otherwise否则；D. Anyway无论如何。教授没有询问学生预期的问题，"反而"询问水的重量，故选A。
【20题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：学生们大声说出了从8盎司到几磅不等的答案。A. coming来到；B. ranging变化；C. transforming转换；D. judging判断。结合后文from eight ounces to a couple pounds可知学生们的答案各不相同，范围从8盎司到几磅变化。故选B。
【21题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在听了各种各样的答案后，她回答说:“在我看来，杯子的绝对重量并不重要。A. various各种各样的；B. visible明显的；C. quick快的；D. short短的。根据上文from eight ounces to a couple pounds可知学生的答案各种各样。故选A。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：杯子的绝对重量并不重要。A. concern关心；B. matter要紧；C. care关怀；D. mean意味着。结合后文how long I hold it可知杯子的绝对重量并不重要，重要的是能拿多久。故选B。
【23题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：这完全取决于我握住它的时间。A. refers to涉及；B. results in导致；C. depends on取决于；D. mixes with混合。结合后文how long I hold it可知老师认为杯子的重量取决于人们握住它的时间。故选C。
【24题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：如果我拿上一两分钟，它相当轻。A. fairly相当地；B. exactly恰好地；C. theoretically理论地；D. merely仅仅。结合上文可知如果只是拿上一两分钟，杯子是相当轻的。故选A。
【25题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：如果我连续拿一个小时，我的手臂可能会感到疼痛。A. only仅仅；B. again再次；C. later稍后；D. straight连续的；不间断的。根据后文my arm might feel painful可知如果是连续拿着杯子一个小时，手臂可能会感到疼痛。故选D。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果我一整天都拿着它，我的手臂会感觉完全麻木，迫使我把杯子掉到地板上。A. permitting允许；B. forcing迫使；C. encouraging鼓励；D. reminding提醒。结合上文my arm will feel completely numb可知手臂感觉完全麻木了会迫使人把杯子掉到地板上。故选B。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：每种情况下杯子重量都没有变化，但我拿的时间越长，感觉就越重。”A. section部分；B. problem问题；C. case情况；D. field领域。结合上文老师列举了举杯子一两分钟、一个小时和一整天三种情况。故此处指每种情况下杯子的重量都没有变化。故选C。
【28题详解】
考查连词词义辨析。句意：每种情况下杯子的重量都没有变化，但我拿的时间越长，感觉就越重。”A. so因此；B. or或者；C. for为了；D. but但是。结合上下文语境可知为转折关系，故选D。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：每种情况下杯子的重量都没有变化，但我拿的时间越长，感觉就越重。”A. remains保持；B. feels感觉；C. proves证明；D. looks看起来。杯子于人而言是随着时间越长感觉越重的。故选B。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：全班点头表示同意。A. agreement同意；B. relief救济；C. fear害怕；D. shock震惊。结合上文the class nodded their heads可知全班点头表示同意老师的说法。故选A。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：你的烦恼、失望和压力就像这杯水。A. happiness幸福；B. disappointment失望；C. curiousness好奇；D. engagement参与。结合后文and stressful thoughts可知是在说明一些负面的情绪。故disappointment符合语境。故选B。
【32题详解】
考查不定代词辨析。句意：想一下，什么也不会发生。A. something某事；B. everything一切；C. anything任何事；D. nothing没有什么。结合上文说明杯子举一两分钟并不会觉得很重，所以消极的东西想一下，什么也不会发生。故选D。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：再多想一会儿，你就会开始感到痛苦。A. pain痛苦；B. terror恐怖；C. sorrow悲伤；D. doubt怀疑。结合上文my arm might feel painful可知消极的东西多想一会儿，你就会开始感到痛苦。故选A。
【34题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：整天想着它们，你会感觉完全麻木，直到你把它们放下，你才能做其他任何事情。A. unwilling不愿意的；B. unable不能的；C. unwise不明智的；D. unlucky不幸的。语境中表示整天背负着那些消极情绪一个人就"不能"做其它任何事件，短语be unable to do“不能做……”。故选B。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：整天想着它们，你会感觉完全麻木，直到你把它们放下，你才能做其他任何事情。A. destroy破坏；B. hide隐藏；C. drop扔掉；D. accept接受。根据第11空后面的 drop the glass推断选择drop，表示一个人直到"扔掉"那些消极情绪才能做事件，故选C。
第四部分 阅读理解 供15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项A、B、C和D中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上 将该项涂黑。
A
The 9th China International Garden Expo
May 18—November 18 Beijing
News
Green-Fingered Beijing Garden Expo Opens to Public
International Garden Expo Opens in Beijing
13,000 Volunteers Prepare for Beijing Garden Expo
Beijing Garden Expo Encourages Family Gardening
Cover stories
Land Rehab
Beijing Garden Expo presents a combination of traditional beauty and enlightened urban development
African Pavilions Open for Business
Beijing Garden Expo's International Exhibition Area still developing Impetus for Development
For your information
Opening time: 8:00 a.m. ― 9:30 p.m.
Location: Beijing Garden Expo Park, Fengtai District
Ticket price: 100 yuan ($16) on normal days; 150 yuan ($24) on 16 designated days
Transportation
Subway: Garden Expo Park Station on Line 14
Shuttle bus: Start from Beijing West Railway Station and Beijing South Railway Station
Bus: Line310, 843,327,385
Beijing Garden Expo in photos
Garden Valley Formerly a 30-meter-deep large sand pit covering 20 hectares of land area, in the Garden Expo Park on the western bank of the Yongding River in Beijing's Fengtai District (CHINANEWS.COM)
Ginkgo Avenue in the Garden Expo Park (CHINANEWS.COM)
European-Style Garden (SHI GANG)
Beijing Park (XINHUA) Hong Kong Garden (CHINANEWS.COM)
Taiwan Garden (CRI)
Harbin Park
It features the white Russian-style church, one of the core landscapes in the park（CHINADAILY） Hefei Park
Four stone lions around the memorial arch represent majesty and decency. The vivid stone lotus carved on the arch stands for incorruptibility, which corresponds with the design concept of the park （CHINA DAILY）
Related reports
2011 International Horticultural Exposition 2010 Shanghai World Expo Beijing in Pictures
36. Which of the statements is TRUE according to the passage?
A. Visitors can take subway Line 14 starting from Beijing West Railway Station.
B. The two photos of Ginkgo Avenue and Harbin Park come from the same source.
C. A family of three will pay 300 yuan to visit the Garden Expo on any day.
D. Visitors can appreciate the beauty of the stone lotus in Hefei Park at the Expo.
37. What is the purpose of this passage?
A. To introduce volunteers to the Garden Expo. '
B. To offer information about the Garden Expo.
C. To promote the gardening industry in China.
D. To attract more visitors to the Garden Expo.
【答案】36. D 37. B
【解析】
这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了5月18日到11月18日在北京举办的第九届中国国际园林博览会，提供了新闻报道，封面故事、供游客参考的信息以及交通路线等信息。
【36题详解】
细节理解题。根据Harbin Park部分中The vivid stone lotus carved on the arch stands for incorruptibility…（拱门上生动的石雕莲花象征着清廉……）可知参观者可以在博览会上欣赏Harbin Park的石莲花之美。故选D。
【37题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章主要内容为5月18日到11月18日在北京举办的第九届中国国际园林博览会的介绍，可知这篇文章的目的是提供有关园博会的信息。故选B。
B
Some people always seem to have sunny outlooks, while others never stop complaining. Naturally, scientists have asked why
In a study, University of Minnesota researchers David Lykken and Auke Tellegen analysed well-being questionnaires answered by 254 twins over a 10-year period. They found that identical twins' （同卵双胞胎）happiness was much closely paired over time than that of fraternal twins （异卵 双胞胎）.In a smaller sample of twins separated in infancy （婴儿期）and raised apart—removing the influence of a shared environment—the effect was slightly more pronounced. The authors went on to calculate that about 50 per cent of happiness genetic. The scientific community is still arguing about the exact number; but the basic finding is widely accepted.
If a large part of happiness is genetic, does that mean the rest can be acquired by upgrading your job, your house or where you live?
Decades of research support the theory of hedonic adaptation （享乐适应），sometimes called "happiness treadmill （快乐水车理论）"：after negative and positive life changes, individuals tend to return to a baseline level of well-being. One study examined 3,658 Germans who moved into new houses because they were frustrated with their old ones. Housing satisfaction generally rose in the first year and then began falling, though remained higher than before the move. But life satisfaction remained unchanged. Other studies have found that spikes in well-being after marriage, or a job promotion tend to fade within months. On the flip side, even after calamitous changes like widowhood, disability, and job loss, happiness usually trend upward again （although slowly and with more variability）.
In other words, chasing material life changes doesn’t offer much joy. Does that mean happiness is out of our control? Not at all, says Sonja Lyubomirsky, a psychology professor at the University of California, Riverside and the author of The Myths of Happiness. After conducting a review of 51 "happiness interventions"—including writing letters of gratitude, counting one's blessings and practicing random acts of kindness—Lyubomirsky and her co-author, Nancy L. Sin, found that these simple activities had a significance effect on well-being. In addition, enjoying positive experiences tended to increase appreciation of them.
"Happiness is not something where you either have it or you don't. You definitely can do something about it," says Lyubomirsky.
38. What does the theory of Hedonic adaptation refer to?
A. A person's happiness grows over time.
B. A person, tend to be happier when positive changes occur.
C. A person tends to be less happy when negative changes occur.
D. A person's long term happiness is not significantly affected by any event.
39. What does the underlined word “calamitous” in paragraph 4 mean?
A. significant. B. disastrous
C. gradual. D. constant
40 Which of the following may Soja Lyubomirsky agree with?
A. He who makes others happy is truly happy.
B. Joy and sorrow are next-door neighbors.
C. Man is the master of his happiness.
D. Joys shared with others are more enjoyed.
【答案】38. D 39. B 40. C
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。主要说明了研究人员计算出大约50%的幸福是遗传的，而除了遗传之外，写感谢信，数数自己得到的祝福，以及做一些随机的善举这些简单的活动对幸福有显著的影响。
【38题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段第一句Decades of research support the theory of hedonic adaptation，sometimes called "happiness treadmill"：after negative and positive life changes, individuals tend to return to a baseline level of well-being.（数十年的研究支持享乐适应理论，有时也被称为“快乐水车理论”:在经历了消极和积极的生活变化后，个人往往会回到幸福的基线水平）可知享乐适应理论指的是一个人的长期幸福不会受到任何事件的显著影响。故选D。
【39题详解】
词义猜测题。根据下文changes like widowhood, disability, and job loss, happiness usually trend upward again （although slowly and with more variability）.可知在经历了诸如丧偶、残疾和失业等灾难性的变化之后，幸福感通常也会再次上升(尽管速度缓慢，变化幅度更大)。like widowhood, disability, and job loss是对calamitous changes的解释说明，故可推知划线单词意思为“灾难性的；悲惨的”。故选B。
【40题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段"Happiness is not something where you either have it or you don't. You definitely can do something about it," says Lyubomirsky.（幸福不是你拥有或没有的东西。你一定可以做些什么。” Lyubomirsky说）同时分析选项可知Sonja Lyubomirsky最有可能同意“人是自己幸福的主人”的观点。故选C。
C
Intelligence makes for better leaders —from undergraduates to managers to presidents — according to multiple studies. It certainly makes sense that handling a market shift or anything alike require intelligence. But new research on leadership suggests that, at a certain point, having a higher IQ stops helping and starts hurting.
Although previous research has shown that groups with smarter leaders perform better by objective measures, some studies have suggested that followers might subjectively view leaders with extremely high intellect as less effective. Decades ago, Dean Simonton, a psychologist from the University of California, Davis, proposed that brilliant leaders' words may simply go over people's heads, their solutions could be more complicated to carry out and followers might find it harder to relate to them. Now Simonton and two colleagues have finally tested that idea, publishing their results in the July 2017 issue of the Journal of Applied Psychology.
The researchers looked at 379 male and female business leaders in 30 countries across fields including banking, retail and technology. The managers took IQ tests and each was rated on leadership style and effectiveness by an average of eight co-workers. IQ positively correlated （和正相关）with ratings of leader effectiveness, strategy formation, vision and several other characteristics—up to a point. The ratings peaked at an IQ of around 120, which is higher than roughly 80 percent of office workers. Beyond that, the ratings declined. The researchers suggest the "ideal" IQ could be higher or lower in various fields, to 140 or 100, depending on whether technical or social skills are more valued in a given work culture.
"It's an interesting and thoughtful paper,” says Paul Sackett, a management professor at University of Minnesota, who was not involved in the research. “To me, the right interpretation of the work would be that it highlights a need to understand what high-IQ leaders do that leads to lower understanding by followers,” he says. “The wrong interpretation would be, “Don’t hire high-IQ leaders.'"
The study’s lead author, John Antonakis, a psychologist at the University of Lausanne in Switzerland, suggests leaders should use their intelligence to use creative language that will persuade and inspire others—the way former U.S. President Barack Obama did. "I think the only way a smart person can signal their intelligence properly and still connect with the people,” Antonakis says, "is to speak in charming ways."
41. The reason why those with high IQs are viewed as worse leaders is probably that .
A. followers think of their leaders to be less effective
B. their IQ has a positive correlation with leader effectiveness
C. they are hard to get their schemes across to followers
D. their social skills can't be recognized in some work culture
42. Which of the following graphs shows the correct relationship between IQ points and leadership qualities?
A. B.
C. D.
43. To improve their leadership, high-IQ leaders can.
A. interpret the work they are involved in
B. use inspiring and accessible language
C. take a course in leader effectiveness
D. communicate more with their followers
44. What could be the best title for the passage?
A. A way to success for high-IQ leaders
B. The latest research on intelligence
C. Choose to be a leader of low intelligence
D. Does a high IQ advance your leadership
【答案】41. C 42. A 43. B 44. D
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨的是高智商的领导和其领导力的关系。文章开头提出高智商对领导力有害，紧接着举例一些相关研究者做过的实验，阐述其观点和结论，说明了其背后的原因。指出高智商领导者应该用他们的智慧来使用创造性的语言，从而说服和激励他人，提高自身领导能力。
【41题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段中Decades ago Dean Simonton, a psychologist at the University of California, Davis, proposed that brilliant leaders' words may simply go over people's heads, their solutions could be more complicated to implement and followers might find it harder to relate to them. （几十年前，加州大学戴维斯分校的心理学家Dean Simonton提出，杰出领导者的话可能会被人们忽视，他们的解决方案可能实施起来更加复杂，追随者可能会发现很难与他们产生共鸣）可知高智商的人被认为是糟糕的领导者的原因可能是他们很难让追随者理解他们的计划。故选C。
【42题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段中IQ positively correlated with ratings of leader effectiveness, strategy formation, vision and several other characteristics—up to a point. The ratings peaked at an IQ of around 120, which is higher than roughly 80 percent of office workers. Beyond that, the ratings declined. （在一定程度上，智商与领导者的效率、战略形成、远见和其他几个特征的评分呈正相关。这些人的智商最高时约为120，比80%的上班族都要高。超过120，评分下降。）可知，智商与领导效能的关系为当智商评分小于120时，二者成正相关，当智商评分大于120时，二者成负相关。故选A。
【43题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中a psychologist at the University of Lausanne in Switzerland, suggests leaders should use their intelligence to use creative language that will persuade and inspire others（瑞士洛桑大学的一位心理学家建议，领导者应该运用自己的聪明才智，使用创造性的语言来说服和激励他人）以及 the only way a smart person can signal their intelligence appropriately and still connect with the people is to speak in appealing ways（一个聪明的人能够恰当地表达他们的智慧并与人们保持联系的唯一方法就是用吸引人的方式说话） 可知高智商的领导者可以使用鼓舞人心和吸引人的语言来提高他们的领导力。故选B。
【44题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段最后一句But new research on leadership suggests that, at a certain point, having a higher IQ stops helping and starts hurting.（但一项关于领导力的新研究表明，在某种程度上，高智商不再有益，反而有害）以及文章主要内容围绕着探讨高智商的领导和其领导力的关系，可知D选项“高智商能提升你的领导能力吗”符合文章标题。故选D。
D
I was having breakfast, when "OUCH!" I screamed. “Why do you pinch （捏）me?”
"You're not wearing green/' said my little brother; Tex. “Everyone knows you get pinched if you don’t wear green on Saint Patrick's Day!"
I was mostly mad about getting pinched, but also a tiny bit glad about being reminded that it was Saint Patrick's Day.
I panicked. "What am I going to do? I don't have time to change. I'll get pinched all day long!" "Well,", Tex said, taking the old green baseball hat off his head, "you could borrow my lucky hat.”
"But it's your favorite!" I said.
"I know,” said Tex. "Just promise to give it back after school."
"No problem," I said, glancing in the mirror on my way out the door. "I look like a fool in this thing !"
"A lucky fool.” said Tex.
"Hum." I grabbed my backpack. "Thanks, I think?'
Now, before I go on, you should know that I'm not a superstitious （迷信的）person. I don't believe that thirteen is an unlucky number or that breaking a mirror brings seven years of bad luck.
Anyway, I was racing to catch the school bus, and I saw a dollar on the sidewalk! I looked around to see if anyone was looking for it, but people just kept stepping on the poor thing, so I decided to rescue it. I had found pennies before, but never a dollar!
My luck didn't stop there. Carlos and Jackson were sitting behind me, quizzing each other on spelling words.
I turned around and said, "You guys know that test isn't till tomorrow right?"
"It got switched to this morning," said Jacsksn. "Remember?"
"That's right. I totally forgot!" I said. "I'm so lucky that I sat in front of you. If I hadn't, I wouldn't have found out till it was too late!” I got out my spelling words, studied all the way to school. And ended up getting a good mark in the test!
The minute I got home, I gave Tex a big hug.
“This is the luckiest hat in the world,” I said. "I'm never taking it off!
"But you promised to give it back!" said Tex.
"Please—oh—please let me borrow your lucky hat for one more day!" I begged.
"Tomorrow I'm auditioning （试演）for the school play, and I need every bit of help I can get.” "OK," said Tex. “One more day. But you'd better be really nice to me."
"I will," I agreed. "In fact, here you have my lucky dollar!” Tex cried with joy, then started dancing around and waving his gift in the air.
The next day turned out to be super lucky. My audition couldn't have gone better.
"Wow, Arizona!" said my friend Mareya. "I can't believe how amazingly you just did! You are so getting a major part in this play!"
"Thanks! But honestly. the only reason I did OK is because I had my lucky hat.”
"What lucky hat?” asked Mareya.
“This one,” I said, reaching into my backpack, where I thought I'd put Tex's hat since I couldn't
wear it for the audition. But it wasn't there! " Oh no!" I cried. "It's gone! What am I going to tell Tex?”
Mareya helped me look for it. Luckily, we found Tex's hat in my locker. Also luckily. I discovered that I could be lucky with or without a goofy-looking hat.
"So it wasn't the hat," said Mareya. "This is just a wild guess, but maybe it was all those hours you spent practicing over the past month.”
"Hmm,” I said. “It's possible.”
So, dear friend, I guess you could say that luck is a combination of being prepared, believing in yourself and maybe just a tiny bit of magic! In other words, luck may come your way, but you have to be ready for it when it does!
45. What can we infer from what the writer said "I look like a fool in this thing"?
A. She thought she became a fool when wearing the hat.
B. She didn't like to wear the green baseball hat.
C. She didn’t believe the hat would bring her a good luck.
D. She thought she was foolish to put on the green hat.
46. What did the writer think of her behavior of picking up a dollar?
A. It was a shameful behavior. B. It was an individual behavior.
C. It was a moral behavior. D. It was a fortunate behavior.
47. When was the writer reminded of the test?
A. On the school bus. B. A few minutes before the test.
C. In the classroom. D. When the quiz began.
48. Which of the following statement is CORRECT?
A. The writer begged Tex to give the hat to her.
B. The writer's audition was quite successful.
C. The writer bought a present for her brother.
D. The writer got the major part in the play.
49. What does the underlined word "goofy-looking" most probably mean?
A. Good-looking. B. Lucky-looking.
C. Foolish-looking. D. Cool-looking.
50. At the end of the story, the writer realized that " "
A. an ounce of luck is better than a pound of wisdom
B. bad luck always comes in threes
C. behind bad luck comes good luck
D. opportunities are only given to those who are well-prepared
【答案】45. C 46. D 47. A 48. B 49. C 50. D
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章主要通过讲述作者和一顶幸运帽之间的故事，来说明幸运有时看起来是偶然，实则是你日积月累的准备和积累的结果，是一种必然。
【45题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句Tex said, taking the old green baseball hat off his head, "you could borrow my lucky hat.”（特克斯从头上摘下那顶旧的绿色棒球帽，说道:“你可以借我的幸运帽。”）和第十段第一句Now, before I go on, you should know that I'm not a superstitious person.（在我继续之前，你应该知道我不是一个迷信的人）我们能从作者“I look like a fool in this thing”这句话中推断出她不相信这顶帽子会给她带来好运。故选C。
【46题详解】
细节理解题。根据第十一段最后一句I had found pennies before, but never a dollar!（我以前发现过几便士，但从来没有发现过一美元!）以及第十二段第一句My luck didn't stop there.（我的好运还不止于此）可知作者认为她捡起一美元是一个幸运的行为。故选D。
【47题详解】
细节理解题。根据第十五段中I'm so lucky that I sat in front of you. If I hadn't, I wouldn't have found out till it was too late!（我很幸运坐在你前面。如果我没有，我就不会发现，直到为时已晚!）可知作者是在校车上想到这个测试。故选A。
【48题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第九段第二句My audition couldn't have gone better.（我的试镜再好不过了）可知作者的试镜很成功。故选B。
【49题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第七段第二句I look like a fool in this thing！（我戴这个帽子看起来像个傻瓜！）可推断goofy-looking此处表示“滑稽可笑的”，与选项中foolish-looking同义。故选C。
【50题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中In other words, luck may come your way, but you have to be ready for it when it does!（换句话说，幸运可能会降临到你身上，但你必须做好准备）可知在故事的结尾，作者意识到机会只给那些准备充分的人。故选D。
第II卷（两部分共35分）
第五部分任务型阅读（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。 注意：每个空格只填1个单词。
One of the primary problems of being a human being is: Try as you might to come across in a certain way to others, people often perceive (感知、理解)you in an altogether different way.
One person may think, for example, that by offering help to a colleague, she is coming across as generous. But her colleague may interpret her offer as a lack of faith in his abilities. Just as he misunderstands her, she misunderstands him: She offered him help because she thought he was overworked and stressed. He has, after all, been showing up early to work and going home late every day. But that's not why he's keeping strange hours; he just works best when the office is less crowded.
These kinds of misunderstandings lead to conflict and resentment (怨恨)not just at work, but at home too. How many fights between couples have started with one person misinterpreting what another says and does? He stares at his plate at dinner while she's telling a story and she assumes he doesn't care about what she's saying, when really he is admiring the beautiful meal she made.
Most of the time, Halvorson says, people don't realize they are not coming across the way they think they are. “If I ask you," Halvorson told me, "about how you see yourself—what traits (特点)you would say describe you—and I ask someone who knows you well to list your traits, there's a big gap between how other people see us and how we see ourselves.”
This gap arises from some quirks (习惯)of human psychology. Most people suffer from what psychologists call "the transparency illusion"—the belief that what they feel, desire, and intend is crystal clear to others, even though they have done very little to communicate clearly what is going on inside their minds.
Because the perceived assume they are transparent, they might not spend the time or effort to be as clear and forthcoming about their intentions or emotional states as they could be, giving the perceiver very little information with which to make an accurate judgment. The perceiver, meanwhile, is dealing with two powerful psychological forces that are warping (歪曲)his ability to read others accurately.
Chances are that you "I'm kind of hurt by what you just said” face probably looks an awful lot like your "I'm not at all hurt by what you just said" face. And the majority of times that you've said to yourself "I made my intentions clear," or “He knows what I meant," you didn't and he doesn't.
Passage outline
Supporting details
A primary problem
People's understanding; of your behavior often ___51___your
original intention.
Typical ___52___
♦A colleague may feel you don't ___53___him to work well when you offer generous help.
♦You think your colleague overworks, but he believes he can be more effective when left ___54___at office after work.
♦A wife may feel angry about her husband being absent-minded while she is telling a story at dinner, but actually his ___55___is on what she has cooked.
Explanations of the problem
♦ Most of the time, people don't ___56___the problem.
♦ Your ___57___of your traits is quite different from how others see you.
♦ Most people believe others know them well, so they tend to ignore the clear ___58___of what is going on inside their minds.
♦ Without enough information about the perceived, the perceiver often ___59___to make an accurate judgment.
Conclusion
♦ It is likely that there is a ___60___between what you think you are and what others think you are.
【答案】51. contradicts
52. examples
53. trust 54. alone
55. attention/focus/concentration/mind
56. realize
57. description/account/understanding/recognition/knowledge/comprehension
58. communication
59. fails 60. gap/distance/difference/distinction
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章指出一个人所要传达的信息和接受者接受到的信息存在着巨大的差异，文章运用了三个事例来说明这一情况，并分析了这一问题产生的原因。最后指出你认为自己是什么样的人和别人认为你是什么样的人之间很可能存在差距。
【51题详解】
考查动词时态。根据第一段One of the primary problems of being a human being is: Try as you might to come across in a certain way to others, people often perceive you in an altogether different way.（作为一个人，最主要的问题之一就是:尽管你试图以一种特定的方式让别人认识你，但人们通常会以一种完全不同的方式来看待你）可知人们对你的看法和你对你自己的看法是矛盾的不一样的，故此处需要填动词contradict“与……矛盾”，且主语为People's understanding of your behavior，结合often可知应用一般现在时，谓语动词用第三人称单数。故填contradicts。
【52题详解】
考查名词。根据表格的另一端colleague和wife等都是举出的论证事例，可知右边主要为典型案例“typical examples”。故填examples。
【53题详解】
考查动词。根据第二段中One person may think, for example, that by offering help to a colleague, she is coming across as generous. But her colleague may interpret her offer as a lack of faith in his abilities.（例如，一个人可能会认为，向同事提供帮助会给人留下慷慨大方的印象。但她的同事可能会将她的提议解读为对他的能力缺乏信心）可知当你提供慷慨的帮助时，同事可能会觉得你不“信任（trust）”他。结合上文don’t可知应填动词原形，故填trust。
【54题详解】
考查副词。根据第二段最后一句But that's not why he's keeping strange hours; he just works best when the office is less crowded.（但这并不是他作息时间奇怪的原因;他只是在办公室不太拥挤的时候工作得最好）可知你认为你的同事工作过度，但他相信下班后“独自（alone）”留在办公室会更有效率。故填alone。
【55题详解】
考查名词。根据第三段最后一句He stares at his plate at dinner while she's telling a story and she assumes he doesn't care about what she's saying, when really he is admiring the beautiful meal she made.（他在晚餐时盯着自己盘子，而她在讲故事，她以为他不在乎她说什么，而实际上他是在欣赏她做的美食）可知一个妻子可能会对她的丈夫在吃饭时心不在焉感到生气，但实际上他的注意力是在她煮的东西上。故填attention/focus/concentration/mind。
【56题详解】
考查动词。根据第四段第一句Most of the time, Halvorson says, people don't realize they are not coming across the way they think they are.（霍尔沃森说，大多数时候，人们并没有意识到他们所遇到的情况并不是他们所想的那样）可知大多数时候，人们没有“意识到（realize）”这个问题。根据上文don’t可知应填动词原形。故填realize。
【57题详解】
考查名词。根据第四段中“If I ask you," Halvorson told me, "about how you see yourself—what traits you would say describe you—and I ask someone who knows you well to list your traits, there's a big gap between how other people see us and how we see ourselves.”（“如果我问你，”霍尔沃森告诉我，“你如何看待你自己——你会说你的哪些特质描述了你——我问一个很了解你的人，列出你的特质，你会发现别人如何看待我们和我们如何看待自己之间有很大的差距。”）可知你对自己特点的描述和别人对你的看法很不一样。故填description/account/understanding/recognition/knowledge/comprehension。
【58题详解】
考查名词。根据第五段中Most people suffer from what psychologists call "the transparency illusion"—the belief that what they feel, desire, and intend is crystal clear to others, even though they have done very little to communicate clearly what is going on inside their minds.（大多数人都遭受着心理学家所说的“透明错觉”的折磨——他们相信自己的感觉、欲望和意图对别人来说都是一清二楚的，尽管他们在清楚地表达自己的想法方面做得很少）可知大多数人认为别人很了解自己，因此，他们往往忽略了他们头脑中正在发生的事情的清晰“沟通（communication）”。故填communication。
【59题详解】
考查动词时态。根据第六段中Because the perceived assume they are transparent, they might not spend the time or effort to be as clear and forthcoming about their intentions or emotional states as they could be, giving the perceiver very little information with which to make an accurate judgment.（因为被感知者假设他们是透明的，他们可能不会花时间或精力尽可能清晰和坦率地表达他们的意图或情绪状态，给感知者很少的信息来做出准确的判断。）可知如果没有足够的信息，感知者往往无法做出准确的判断。短语fail to “不能”，且本句主语为the perceiver，根据often可知为一般现在时，谓语动词用第三人称单数。故填fails。
【60题详解】
考查名词。根据第一段出现的in an altogether different way以及最后一段中出现了you don’t and he doesn’t可知你所传达的信息和接受者接受到的信息存在着巨大的“差异”，故填gap/distance/difference/distinction。
第六部分书面表达（满分25分）
61.阅读下面的材料，然后按要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。
Traditional Chinese medicine, practiced for thousands of years, is having trouble maintaining traction in many parts of the country, said the president of a TCM hospital in Henan province.
“I have visited many counties across the country and found many of them do not have a single TCM hospital," said Pang Guoming of Kaifeng Hospital of TCM in Kaifeng. "In some counties, TCM hospitals use the old buildings of other hospitals, which have moved to bigger and new buildings."
"TCM is a unique health resource for China, and more effort should be made to promote it so it plays a bigger part in universal healthcare."
The development of TCM is expected to accelerate, with a guideline recently approved by the top leadership aimed at promoting innovation and the passing on of TCM knowledge.
Equal importance should be given to the development of TCM and Western medicine to promote their complementary （互补的）nature, said the guideline. More efforts should be made to improve the TCM service system, promote high-quality development of the TCM industry and boost TCM talent building, it said.
A widely known example is Tu Youyou, who won the 2015 Nobel Prize for the discovery of the artemisinin. Tu and her Chinese colleagues gained the insight that led to their discovery while reading a TCM prescription book that was more than 1,600 years old.
［写作内容］
1. 用约30个单词写出上文概要；
2. 用约120个单词发表你对中国传统医学的看法，并说明理由。
［写作要求］
1. 写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；
2. 作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；
3. 不必写标题。
［评分标准］
内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】 Facing the decline of the traditional Chinese medicine, a guideline was approved, hoping to promote the development of it. Some possible measures are stressed in it.
From my perspective, it is of great significance and necessity to promote the development of the TCM. As a treasure of Chinese civilization. TCM contains the nation's ideas and experience of our ancestors, which deserves our preservation and in-heritage. Also, TCM has seen remarkable accomplishments and has made important contributions to improving people's health.
Although it is now facing great challenges from the western medicines, I think some efforts as simple as promoting the training of talent, scientific and technological innovation as well as research and development of new medicines can help to restore its past glory. Of course, equal importance should be attached to providing the students with the opportunity to I earn about the applications of traditional medicine and its overall culture to arouse their interest in this field. (154 words)
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇读写任务写作。
【详解】第1步：根据提示可知, 本篇为一篇短文；阅读下面的材料，然后按要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。［写作内容］1. 用约30个单词写出上文概要；2. 用约120个单词发表你对中国传统医学的看法，并说明理由。
第2步：根据写作要求, 确定关键词（组） ：from my perspective（在我看来）；be of great significance（意义重大的）；remarkable accomplishments（非凡成就）；make important contributions to（作出重要贡献）等。
第3步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句, 注意主谓一致和时态问题。此处文章主要应用一般现在时。
第4步：连句成文, 注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡, 书写一定要规范清晰, 保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。
【点睛】范文内容完整, 语言规范, 语篇连贯, 词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级表达方式, 如Facing the decline of the traditional Chinese medicine, a guideline was approved, hoping to promote the development of it.非谓语动词的运用；Although it is now facing great challenges from the western medicines, I think some efforts as simple as promoting the training of talent, scientific and technological innovation as well as research and development of new medicines can help to restore its past glory.运用了让步状语从句。全文中没有中国式英语的句式, 显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外, 文章思路清晰、层次分明, 上下句转换自然, 为文章增色添彩。
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