高三总复习讲义之特殊句式总汇

高三语法：特殊句式常考点                         【课前预习】1. Bach died in 1750, but it was not until the early 19th century ______ his musical gift was fully recognized. A. while   B. though       C. that           D. after 2. Only when Lily walked into the office ______ that she had left the contract at home. A. she realized   B. has she realized   C. she has realized   D. did she realize3. It might have saved me much trouble ________ the schedule. A. did I know     B. have I known     C. do I know      D. had I known4. It was when we were returning home ________ I realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble. A. which           B. that        C. where    D. how5. Only after talking to two students ________ that having strong motivation is one of the biggest factors in reaching goals. A. I did discover       B. did I discover C. I discovered       D. discovered I6. Video games can be a poor influence if ________ in the wrong hands. A. to leave   B. leaving    C. leave    D. left7. That is why I help brighten people’s days. If you _____ , who’s to say that another person will? A. did not   B. do not        C. were not    D. have not8. If ___for the job, you’ll be informed soon. A .to accept     B. accept      C. accepting     D. accepted 【学习过程】考点一：倒装句 倒装条件例句完全倒装here, there, now, then, up, down, in, out, off, away等副词开头的句子表示强调(主语必须是名词) 结构为： adv. ＋ 谓语 ＋ 名词区别：adv.＋ 代词 ＋ 谓语Out rushed the children. 区别：Out they rushed. Here comes the bus.＝The bus is coming here.表示地点的介词短语作状语位于句首Under the tree stood two tables .▲以上两类完全倒装谓语动词的时态为一般现在时(表一般将来时)或一般过去时强调表语，置于句首结构为：adj. / ving /v.ed / 介词短语 ＋连系动词 ＋主语Present at the meeting were 1，000 students. Attending the meeting were 1, 000 students.Gone are the days when we used foreign oil.部分倒装never, hardly, scarcely, seldom, little, not, in no case，under no circumstances，on no account, in no way, on no condition, by no means, at no time, no longer 等否定意义的副词或介词短语放于句首；Hardly/Scarcely...when...=___________Hardly did I know what had happened.He said that in no case would he give up.Hardly had the football game begun when it started raining.＝No sooner had the football game begun than it started raining.only和修饰状语放于句首时★only强调主语时不倒装Only then did he realize the importance of English.Only he has passed the job interview.not only... but also连接并列句，前倒后不倒not until引导的状从放句首时，主倒从不倒neither... nor... 连接并列句，前倒后也倒 Not only does he know French, but also he is expert at it. Not only he but also his students are going to the concert.连接并列的主语时，不倒装Not until he finished work did he go to sleep. Neither do I know it, nor do I care about it.Neither his parents nor he knows the result.so...that, such...that中so或such放于句首时，前倒后不倒So busy is he that he can not go on a holiday. Such a fine day is it that we feel like playing outside.so, as, neither, nor或no more表示前句内容也适用于另外的人或事. 区别以下三种结构：so he/she/I/ they/...＋ 助动词，“的确”and he/she/...did so，“照着吩咐做了”It is the same with B＝So it is with B(某人也如此)适用于前面出现不同主语、不同时态、不同类动词时He can play the piano. So can I. ＝He can play the piano and so can I. ＝He can play the piano, as can I．If he doesn't go to the party, neither/nor will/shall I．You say he is a doctor and so he is. Mum wanted him to clean the floor and he did so.He was born in the US and now works in China. So it is with his wife./It is the same with his wife.as/though引导的让步状语：adv./adj./n./v.＋as/though＋从句余下部分，主句 Child as he is, he has learned a lot. Much as I like the watch, I can't afford it. Try as he might, he wouldn't satisfy his boss.用于表示祝愿的祈使句中： adv. ＋ 谓语＋ 主语！May ＋ 主语＋ 动词原形！Long live the spirit of the people's hero！May you be in good health！基础再练①Only when I left my parents for Italy ________ how much I loved them.A. I realized  B. I had realized  C. had I realized  D. did I realize②________，his idea was accepted by all the people at the meeting.A. Strange as might it sound     B. As it might sound strangeC. As strange it might sound     D. Strange as it might sound③I have been living in the United States for twenty years，but seldom________ so lonelyas now.    A. have I felt  B. I had felt       C. I have felt     D. had I felt④So sudden________ that the enemy had no time to escape.A. did the attack  B. the attack did  C. was the attack  D. the attack was⑤Not until ________ on TV ________ that the Chinese ship was rescued by the European Union Task Force.A. I turned；did I know         B. did I turn；did I knowC. did I turn；I knew           D. I turned；I had known考点二：强调句 ①构成和判断：“It is/was＋被强调的部分(时间状语/地点状语/原因状语/方式状语/名词/代词/从句)＋that(指人可用who)＋句子的其余部分”。如：It was because he was ill that he was absent.②一般疑问句和特殊疑问句的强调句。如：Was_it on the street that_you met Tom?What_was_it_that made him upset?Do you know what_it_was_that_made_him_upset?[注]强调句型用于宾语从句时应用陈述语序。③not until的强调句：“It is/was not until＋被强调部分＋that＋句子剩余部分”。It was not until I came back that he left.④强调谓语用“does/do/did＋动词原形”。如：He did come back yesterday.基础再练：①In my opinion，Mr.White ________ good to his students in his class at present.A. does does       B. does did        C. does do       D. did do②—What did she want to know，Tom? —She wondered ________ we could complete the experiment.A. when was it    B. it was when that   C. it was when    D. when it was that③It was on the farm________ they visited ________ they got to know.A. where；that    B. which；when    C. that；that      D. which；which④—________ that he managed to get the information?  —Oh，a friend of his helped him.A. Where was it   B. What was it      C. How was it     D. Why was it⑤It was about 600 years ago ________the first clock with a face and an hour hand wasmade.       A. that           B. until            C. before        D. when考点三：主谓一致用and连接表同一个人、同一事物、同一概念时，谓语用单数All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.动名词、不定式和从句作主语，谓语用单数Educating girls is very important.all of.../most of.../some of.../half of.../part of.../the rest of.../百分数/分数词＋n. 后的谓语用单数或复数取决于所修饰的名词All of the books have been sold out. Forty per cent of the work has been done.team/band/class/family/public/population/government/committee等集体名词作主语时，需根据其所表示的意思来确定谓语的单复数形式The family is made up of five members. The family are watching TV.the rich/poor/old/young/wounded/dead/living/..(表示“一类人”)＋复数谓语”The old are easily taken in. many a＋n., more than one＋n.，each/every/no＋n.＋(each/every/no)＋n.，接单数谓语Many a student has seen the film. Each girl and each boy has a book.a number/variety of...＋复数谓语the number/variety of...＋单数谓语A number of students are fond of the book.The number of students in our class is 50.quantities of＋单数名词/复数名词＋复数谓语a quantity of＋单数名词＋单数谓语a quantity of＋复数名词＋单数谓语/复数谓语Large quantities of water are badly polluted.A large quantity of water is badly polluted.就近原则：either...or...，not only...but also，not...but，neither...nor...，there beNeither he nor you are right. Not only he but also I am right.就远原则：as well as，with, along with, together with, such as/like, rather than, besides, including, but, except等，句中谓语动词与主语一致He as well as I is absent from the meeting. She, rather than others answers for it. Books such as this are useful for the beginners. Not A but B的句中，谓语动词与B一致Nobody / No one but B的句中谓语动词用单数Not I but Tom and Jack are right. Nobody but Tom and Jack is right.关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句中谓语动词的数与先行词一致The foreigners who work in our company are from Canada.考点四：省略 ①上下文对话中。如：—What made him so upset? —Losing his bike.②并列句中。如：One side of the board should be painted white and the other red.③同时省略句子的几个成分，保留副词。如：   —Do you like the film?—Yes，very much.＝Really./No，not very much.＝Not really.  类似的有：perfectly，absolutely，exactly，very，not exactly，not likely(＝impossible)．..④不定式的省略(保留to，to be，to have，to have been)。如：—Are you a doctor?—No，but I used to be.—Do you smoke?  —No，but I used to.—He hasn't finished yet. —Well，he ought to have.⑤if necessary　　如果有必要  if possible　　如果有可能               if so　　假如这样的话  if not　　如果不                       if ever　　如果曾经有过(表示时间)  if any　　如果有一些的话(表示数量)     if anything　　若要说的话  Correct your mistakes，if any.            He is seldom，if ever，late for class.⑥祈使句结构。如：One more week and I'll finish the job.                      Work hard and you will succeed.⑦“连词＋分词”的省略(前提条件为状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时，可以省略状语从句中的主语和系动词be)。    如：When finished，the project will be a great success.考点五：替代 ①区别it，one，that，those：it与上文名词是同名同物；one＝a(n)＋上文的可数名词；that＝the＋上文的单数名词，后面常有一个后置定语；those＝the ones＝the＋上文的复数名词，后面常有一个后置定语。②替代动词：用does，do，did替代上文同一动词。如：He spends more time watching TV than he does reading.③替代句子：用so替代上文的句子。如：He smokes a lot. Does his brother do so?用适当的词填空：①The population of China is larger than ________ of Japan.②The radios in this factory are cheaper than________ in that one.③I have no mobile phone and I want to buy ________．④I want to buy a gift，________ at a proper price but of good quality.⑤She plays the piano better than Mary ________ the guitar. 【课后练习】1.(2014·北京卷)Some animals carry seeds from one place to another, ________ plants can spread to new places.A. so　     B. or    C. for       D. but2. (2014·福建卷)It was the culture, rather than the language, ________ made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad.A. where   B. why   C. that　     D. what3. (2014·四川卷)Was it because Jack came late for school ________ Mr Smith got angry?A. why    B. who    C. where     D. that4. (2014·天津卷)Give me a chance, ________  I'll give you a wonderful surprise.A. if      B. or     C. and        D. while5. (2014·大纲卷)________ me tomorrow and I'll let you know the lab result.A. Calling   B. Call   C. To call　　  D. Having called6. (2014·湖南卷)Only when you can find peace in your heart ________ good relationships with others.A. will you keep     B. you will keepC. you kept         D. did you keep7. (2014·湖南卷)________ what you're doing today important, because you're trading a day of your life for it.A. Make　　     B. To make     C. Making     D. Made8. (2014·湖南卷)All we need ________ a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year.A. are           B. was         C. is          D. were9. (2014·陕西卷)No sooner ________ stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause.A. had Mo Yan　　B. Mo Yan had  C. has Mo Yan　 D. Mo Yan has10. (2014·重庆卷)— I spent two weeks in London last summer.— Then you must have visited the British Museum during your stay, ________ you?A. mustn't　      B. haven't      C. didn't　　    D. hadn't11. (2013·江苏卷)Generally，students' inner motivation with high expectations from others ________ essential to their development.A. is             B. are        C. was          D. were12. (2013·江苏卷)“Never for a second，” the boy says，“ ________ that my father would come to my rescue.”A. I doubted        B. do I doubtC. I have doubted    D. did I doubt13. (2013·湖南卷)The university estimates that living expenses for international students ________ around $8，450 a year，which ________ a burden for some of them.A. are; is         B. are; are      C. is; are      D. is; is14. (2013·全国卷)It was only after he had read the papers ________ Mr. Gross realized the task before him was extremely difficult to complete.A. when         B. that        C. which        D. what15. (2012·重庆卷)It was 80 years before Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic ________ Zheng He had sailed to East Africa.A. when         B. that         C. after        D. Since  课前预习CDDBB DBD考点一①D　②D　③A　④C　⑤A考点二①C　②D　③C　④C　⑤A考点五①that　②those　③one　④one　⑤does课后ACD CBAA CAC  ADABB