初中沪教牛津版（2024）Unit 6 Food and healthSection 4 Extending and developing competenciesFocusing on cultur

这是一份初中沪教牛津版（2024）Unit 6 Food and healthSection 4 Extending and developing competenciesFocusing on cultur，文件包含Unit5-单元测试卷-教师版docx、Unit5-单元测试卷-学生版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共14页， 欢迎下载使用。
一、学习目标
1. Read and understand tw pems abut farming: "The Rice Farmer" and 《悯农》.
2. Appreciate the literary devices used in petry, especially rhyme.
3. Understand the cultural significance f farming and the rigins f ur fd.
4. Cmpare Western and Chinese literary traditins abut agriculture and labur.
二、重点
• Key vcabulary: peasant, he, til, fade, buffal, strife, sweat, sil, welcming, tend, rhyme, civilizatin
• Petry cncept: Rhyme — the use f wrds with the same ending sunds at the ends f lines
• Cultural knwledge: Farming began abut 12,000 years ag, making civilizatin pssible
• Tw pems cmparisn: "The Rice Farmer" (authr unknwn) and 《悯农》 by Li Shen
三、难点
• Understanding petic language and imagery in bth English and Chinese pems.
• Identifying rhyme schemes and ther petic devices.
• Cmparing the cultural perspectives n farming in different literary traditins.
字词与词汇
语法与句型
规则：诗歌中常使用押韵和意象等文学手法。押韵指在诗行末尾使用发音相同的词。同时，本课涉及对比表达，常用""、"while"、"hwever"等连接词进行异同比较。
结构：Rhyme: lines ending with wrds that share the same sund (e.g., day/way, grund/fund)
Cmparisn: Bth A and B... / A..., while B... / Hwever, ...
• The wrds "day" and "way" rhyme. (押韵示例)
• Bth pems describe the hard life f farmers. (相同点)
• The Rice Farmer fcuses n the scenery, while 《悯农》 fcuses n the emtin. (不同点)
学习支架
诗歌对比分析框架 — Petry Cmparisn Organizer
四、知识要点
1. 诗歌《The Rice Farmer》赏析
《The Rice Farmer》（作者佚名）描写了农民在日落时分依然辛勤劳作的场景。诗中出现了水牛、田地等意象，展现了农耕生活的画面。诗歌通过描写农民从早到晚的劳作，传达了"每一粒米都需要辛勤劳动"的主题。诗的语言简洁但意象鲜明，用自然景色（日落、田野）衬托农民的辛劳，营造了一种既宁静又令人感慨的氛围。
2. 中国古诗《悯农》赏析
《悯农》由唐代诗人李绅所作："锄禾日当午，汗滴禾下土。谁知盘中餐，粒粒皆辛苦。"全诗四句，前两句描写正午烈日下农民锄地的场景——头顶烈日，汗水滴入泥土；后两句以反问发出感慨——谁能想到盘中的饭食，每一粒都饱含辛苦？诗歌语言朴实却力量强烈，通过"日当午"和"汗滴"的意象，让读者直观感受到农民劳作的艰辛，最后以"粒粒皆辛苦"点明主题，告诫人们珍惜粮食。此诗成为中国传统文化中"珍惜粮食"的经典表达。
3. 押韵的概念与识别
押韵是诗歌的重要特征之一。押韵指在诗行的末尾使用发音相同（或相近）的词，使诗歌读起来有节奏感和音乐美。例如，"day"和"way"押韵，"grund"和"fund"押韵。识别押韵的方法：找出每行末尾的词，比较它们的尾音是否相同。押韵不仅增加诗歌的美感，也帮助记忆。在英文诗歌中，常见的押韵格式有AABB（相邻行押韵）、ABAB（隔行押韵）等。在中国古诗中，押韵同样重要，通常在偶数句末尾押韵。
4. 农耕与文明的起源
约12000年前，人类开始种植作物和饲养家畜，这是人类历史上的重大转折。农耕使人类从狩猎采集转向定居生活，产生了剩余粮食，进而促进了社会分工、贸易、文字和城市的发展——所有这些都使文明的进步成为可能。两首诗歌虽然风格不同，但都指向同一个核心主题：食物来之不易，农民的辛勤劳动是文明的基础。理解这一点，有助于我们感恩食物、尊重劳动、珍惜资源。
5. 跨文化对比：中西方诗歌中的农耕主题
两首诗虽然都写农耕，但各有侧重。《The Rice Farmer》侧重于描绘画面——日落、水牛、田野，用景物烘托情感，风格偏向叙事描写；《悯农》侧重于直抒胸臆——"谁知盘中餐，粒粒皆辛苦"，用强烈的反问引发读者思考，风格偏向抒情议论。相同点：两首诗都表达了对农民辛劳的敬意，都强调粮食来之不易。不同点：①场景不同（日落vs正午）；②手法不同（叙事描写vs抒情议论）；③文化背景不同（西方田园诗传统vs中国现实主义诗歌传统）。这种对比展示了不同文化如何用诗歌表达对劳动和食物的敬意。
五、典型例题
【例1】
Read the fllwing tw lines frm a pem. Identify the rhyming wrds.
"The farmer wrks thrughut the day,
And guides the buffal n its way."
A. farmer / buffal B. day / way C. wrks / guides D. thrughut / n
【例2】
Cmplete the fllwing sentence t cmpare the tw pems. Use "while" t shw cntrast.
"The Rice Farmer describes the peaceful scene at sunset, ______"
同 步 练 习
★ 基础巩固
1. Wh wrte the Chinese pem 《悯农》?
A. Li Bai B. Li Shen
C. Du Fu D. Wang Wei
2. Apprximately hw many years ag did humans begin t grw crps and raise animals?
A. Abut 5,000 years ag B. Abut 8,000 years ag
C. Abut 12,000 years ag D. Abut 20,000 years ag
3. Which f the fllwing pairs f wrds rhyme?
A. sil / sweat B. day / way
C. tend / fade D. he / til
4. What des the wrd "til" mean?
A. T rest and relax B. T wrk hard
C. T eat quickly D. T travel far
5. Cmplete the sentence with a wrd frm this unit: "The farmer planted seeds in the rich ______."
6. Cmplete the sentence: "Farming made the grwth f ______ pssible."
7. Fill in the blank with the crrect wrd: "The water ______ pulled the plugh thrugh the muddy field."
★★ 能力提升
8. In the pem 《悯农》, what des "汗滴禾下土" describe?
A. The farmer is relaxing under a tree B. Sweat falls nt the sil beneath the crps
C. Rain is falling n the fields D. The farmer is planting seeds in the mrning
9. What is the main similarity between "The Rice Farmer" and 《悯农》?
A. Bth pems are abut mdern farming technlgy B. Bth pems express respect fr farmers' hard wrk
C. Bth pems were written by the same pet D. Bth pems are abut fishing
10. Which f the fllwing best describes the difference in setting between the tw pems?
A. The Rice Farmer is set at nn; 《悯农》 is set at sunset B. Bth pems are set at the same time f day
C. The Rice Farmer is set at sunset; 《悯农》 is set at nn D. Neither pem mentins the time f day
Read the fllwing pem and answer the questins.
The Rice Farmer
(Authr unknwn)
The sun begins t fade away,
The water buffal stands in the field all day.
With he in hand, the peasant tils,
Deep in the sil where the water bils.
Each grain f rice upn yur plate,
Is brn f sweat and til s great.
Nte: This is an adapted versin fr classrm use.
(1) Which tw wrds rhyme at the end f the first tw lines?
A. sun / buffal B. fade / field
C. away / day D. stands / tils
(2) What is the main message f the last tw lines ("Each grain f rice upn yur plate, / Is brn f sweat and til s great")?
A. Rice is expensive t buy B. Every grain f rice cmes frm the farmer's hard wrk
C. Rice grws quickly and easily D. Farmers d nt like grwing rice
(3) What literary device is used when the pem says "where the water bils"?
A. It literally means water is biling B. It is a metaphr describing the ht, steamy cnditins in the rice field
C. It means the farmer is cking rice D. It refers t a river nearby
12. Match each wrd with its crrect meaning. Write the letter f the crrect meaning next t each wrd.
(1) peasant ___ (2) sweat ___ (3) tend ___ (4) strife ___
A. t take care f B. cnflict r struggle C. a farmer wh wrks n the land D. liquid that cmes frm the skin when wrking hard
13. Rewrite the fllwing sentence using "while" t shw cntrast between the tw pems:
"The Rice Farmer uses imagery f sunset. 《悯农》 uses imagery f the midday sun."
★★★ 拓展延伸
14. Write a shrt paragraph (80-100 wrds) cmparing "The Rice Farmer" and 《悯农》. Discuss at least tw similarities and tw differences.
- Write 80-100 wrds
- Include at least tw similarities
- Include at least tw differences
- Use cmparisn wrds: bth, while, hwever, similar, different
- Use at least 3 wrds frm this unit
Use sme f the expressins: Bth pems..., while..., hwever..., similar/different, peasant, til, sweat, sil
15. Write a shrt pem (4-6 lines) abut farming r fd. Try t use rhyme at the end f at least tw pairs f lines.
Tpic suggestins: a farmer's mrning, a harvest festival, r yur favurite fd and where it cmes frm.
- Write 4-6 lines
- Use rhyme in at least tw pairs f lines
- Include at least 2 wrds frm this unit
- Fcus n the theme f fd and where it cmes frm
Use sme f the expressins: sil, sweat, tend, grw, day, way, plate, great
16. Answer the fllwing discussin questins in 2-3 sentences each:
(1) What can we learn frm bth pems abut the relatinship between fd and labur?
(2) Why d yu think different cultures write pems abut farming?
(3) Hw des understanding where ur fd cmes frm change the way we think abut eating?单词
读音
词性
释义
例句
peasant
/ˈpeznt/
n.
农民；农人
The peasant wrked hard in the field all day.
he
/həʊ/
n./v.
锄头；锄地
He used a he t remve the weeds.
til
/tɔɪl/
n./v.
辛苦劳作
They tiled in the fields frm dawn t dusk.
fade
/feɪd/
v.
消退；褪色
The sunlight slwly faded as evening came.
buffal
/ˈbʌfələʊ/
n.
水牛
The water buffal pulled the plugh thrugh the mud.
strife
/straɪf/
n.
冲突；纷争
They lived in peace withut any strife.
sweat
/swet/
n./v.
汗水；出汗
Sweat dripped frm his face as he wrked.
sil
/sɔɪl/
n.
土壤；土地
The farmer planted seeds in the rich sil.
welcming
/ˈwelkəmɪŋ/
adj.
令人感到温暖的；欢迎的
She gave us a welcming smile.
tend
/tend/
v.
照料；照管
The farmer tends the crps every day.
rhyme
/raɪm/
n./v.
押韵；韵脚
The pem uses rhyme at the end f each line.
civilizatin
/ˌsɪvəlaɪˈzeɪʃn/
n.
文明
Farming made the grwth f civilizatin pssible.
错误
正确
The pem rhyme at the end f lines.
The pem rhymes at the end f lines.
错误
正确
Bth pem describe farmers.
Bth pems describe farmers.
对比维度
The Rice Farmer
《悯农》
作者
佚名
李绅
场景
日落时分的田地
正午烈日下的田地
核心意象
水牛、田地、日落
锄头、汗水、禾苗
主题
农民辛勤劳作
粮食来之不易
情感基调
宁静中的艰辛
沉重中的感恩