2026译林新版九年上册英语 Unit 1 Know yourself! 讲义

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Unit 1 Know yourself! 单词解析 Organized (形容词) 有条理的 【用法讲解】 organized在句中常作定语或表语；organized也是动词organize的过去式和过去分词。 Eg: She is highly organized and never misses a deadline. 她非常有条理，从不延误截止日期。 The conference was organized by a team of volunteers. 这次会议由一组志愿者组织。 【常见搭配】 get organized 变得有条理 Eg: I need to get organized before starting my new job. 在开始新工作之前，我需要变得更有条理。 【派生词】 organize为动词，译为“组织”； Organization为名词，译为“组织”； organizer为名词，译为“组织者”。 Eg: She will organize a charity event next month. 她下个月将组织一场慈善活动。 The organization of the conference was flawless. 这次会议的组织工作非常完美。 The event organizer sent out invitations to all participants. 活动组织者向所有参与者发送了邀请函。 【即学即用】 He took an __________ (organize) approach to solving the problem. 答案：organized Order (名词) 条理、顺序 【用法讲解】order作名词，还可可译为“订单”；order作动词，也可译为“命令、订购”等。 Eg: The books are arranged in alphabetical order. 这些书按字母顺序排列。 I placed an order for a new computer. 我订购了一台新电脑。 The doctor ordered the patient to rest. 医生命令病人休息。 I ordered 500 pairs of shoes from the factory. 我向这家工厂订购了500双鞋。 【常见搭配】 Out of order 故障或不正常 In order to do sth. （=so that) 为了做某事 Keep... in (good) order 保持整齐 Follow orders 服从命令 Order sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事 Eg: The printer is out of order. 这台打印机坏了。 I study hard in order to get a good job. = I study hard so that I can get a good job. 我努力学习是为了找到好工作。 The librarian works hard to keep all the books in good order on the shelves. 图书管理员努力保持书架上的所有书籍整齐有序。 Soldiers must follow orders without question. 士兵必须无条件服从命令。 The judge ordered him to pay a fine. 法官命令他支付罚款。 【即学即用】 为了提高英语，我已经开始了英语课程。 I have started an English course ______ _______ ______ improve my English. 保持房间整洁有序很重要，这样你就能轻松找到东西。 It’s important to ________ your room ______ _______ ______ so you can find things easily. 答案：1. in order to 2. keep; in good order Explain (动词) 解释 【用法讲解】 explain后面常接名词、代词或why/how/what等疑问词从句。 Eg: Can you explain this math problem to me? 你能给我解释一下这道数学题吗？ She explained why she was late. 她解释了她迟到的原因。 【常见搭配】 explain sth. to sb. 向某人解释某物 Explain oneself 为自己辩解 Eg: He explained the rules to the new students. 他向新生解释了规则。 He had to explain himself after the misunderstanding. 误会发生后，他不得不为自己辩解。 【派生词】 explanation为名词，译为“解释”。 Eg: His explanation of the theory was very detailed. 他对整个理论的解释非常详细。 【即学即用】 The teacher e_________ the problem step by step. 答案：explained Come up with 想出、找到（答案） Eg: She came up with a brilliant idea for the marketing campaign. 她想出了一个绝妙的营销活动创意。 【即学即用】 团队需要在明天之前提出一个解决方案。 The team needs to ______ _____ ______ a solution by tomorrow. 答案：come up with Careless (形容词) 粗心的 【用法讲解】 careless在句中常作定语或表语，还可译为“随便的、自然的”。 Eg: A careless driver caused the accident. 一个粗心的司机导致了这场事故。 Her careless grace impressed everyone. 她自然的优雅打动了所有人。 【常见搭配】 be careless with ... 对...很粗心 Be careless about... 对...很随意 Eg: She is careless with her homework. 她做作业很粗心。 He was careless about his appearance. 他对外表很随意。 【派生词】 carelessly为副词，译为“粗心地”； careful为形容词，译为“认真的、仔细的”； care为名词或动词，译为“关心、照顾”。 Eg: He tossed the glass carelessly and it broke. 他随手一扔玻璃杯，结果摔碎了。 Be careful when crossing the street. 过马路要当心。 She shows great care for her plants. 她对她的植物非常关心。 He doesn’t care about fashion. 他不在乎时尚。 【即学即用】 He made a ___________ (care) mistake in the report. 答案：careless Neither (副词) 也不；(代词) 两者都不 【用法讲解】 neither还可为副词，构成“Neither + 助动词 + 主语”结构，译为“也不”。 Eg: Neither Tom nor Jane was present. 汤姆和简都没有出席。 Neither of the books is interesting. 这两本书都没意思。 I don’t like coffee. -- Neither do I. 我不喜欢咖啡。-- 我也不喜欢。 【常见搭配】 neither of ... 两者都不（作主语谓语动词用单数） Eg: Neither of them knows the answer. 他们俩都不知道答案。 【易混辨析】 both, either和neither 相同点：均用于两个人或物 不同点： both指“两者都”常与and连用。作主语时，谓语动词用复数。 either指“两者中的任意一个”，通常与or连用。作主语时，谓语动词通常用临近原则。 neither指“两者中没有一个（全否定）”通常与nor连用。做主语时，谓语动词通常用临近原则。 Eg: Both Lily and Lucy are from America. 丽丽和露西都来自美国。 Either tea or coffee is OK. 或者茶或者咖啡都可以。 Neither tea nor coffee is OK. 茶和咖啡都不可以。 【即学即用】 Neither of the options ________ (be) perfect. ( )2. Liu Xiang and Yao Ming are world - famous sports stars. ______ of them are the pride of China. Both B. Neither C. All D. None 答案：1. is 2. A Nor (连词/副词) 也不 【用法讲解】 nor用于否定前文提到的内容，此时需用倒装句；常与neither搭配，构成“neither... nor...”结构，用于否定两个并列成为，译为“既不...也不...”，该结构作主语时，谓语动词遵循“临近原则”。 Eg: Neither the teacher nor the students were present. 老师和学生都没到场。 He didn’t finish the report, nor did I. 他没完成报告，我也没完成。（倒装结构） He has never gone fishing, nor does he have any desire to learn. 他从来没钓过鱼，也没有学习的欲望。 【常见搭配】 neither... nor... 既不...也不... Eg: She is neither interested in music nor in sports. 她既对音乐没兴趣，对运动也没兴趣。 Neither the book nor the pan is mine. 这本书和这支笔都不是我的。 【即学即用】 ( )1. Neither you nor he _______ good at drawing. are B. is C. am D. be 答案：B Accountant (名词) 会计 【用法讲解】 accountant为可数名词，其复数形式为accountants。 Eg: She works as an accountant in a big firm. 她在一家大公司担任会计师。 【常见搭配】 certified public accountant (CPA) 注册会计师 Eg: She became a certified public accountant after passing the exam. 她通过考试后成为了一名注册会计师。 【派生词】 account为名词，译为“账户”； accounting为名词，译为“会计学”； accountable为形容词，译为“负有责任的”。 Eg: I opened a new bank account yesterday. 我昨天开了一个新的银行账户。 He studied accounting at university. 他在大学学习会计学。 Managers are accountable for their team’s performance. 经理对团队的表现负责。 【即学即用】 The __________ (会计) of the company prepared the annual report. 答案：accountant Suppose (动词) 认为、推断、假设 【用法讲解】 主要用来表示假设、推测、礼貌请求等；后面可接从句或动词不定式；也可位于句首用来表示提议等。 Eg: Do you suppose he will come? 你认为他回来吗？ I suppose that she forgot the meeting. 我认为她忘记会议了。 Suppose we leave early tomorrow. 假设我们明天早点离开。 【常见搭配】 suppose sb./ sth. to be 认为某人/某物是... be supposed to be/ do = should do sth. 被认为/应该 Be supposed to have done 本应该做某事而没有做 Eg: I supposed the girl to be a teacher. 我认为这个女孩是老师。 He is supposed to be a good teacher. 他被认为是一位好老师。 You are supposed to arrive by 9:00. 你应该九点到。 You are supposed to have finished your homework. 你本应该完成作业了。 【派生词】 supposition为名词，译为“假设”。 Eg: The report is based entirely on supposition. 这篇报道完全建立在假设的基础上。 【即学即用】 The meeting is supposed _________ (take) place on Friday. 答案：to take Social (形容词) 好交际的、社交的 【用法讲解】 social在句中常作定语或表语，还可译为“社会的”。 Eg: She enjoys social events like parties and gatherings. 她喜欢派对和聚会这类社交活动。 The government is addressing social inequality. 政府正在解决社会不平等问题。 【常见搭配】 social change/ reform 社会变革 Social skills 社交技巧 Social media 社交媒体 Eg: Education plays a key role in social change. 教育在社会变革中起关键作用。 Good social skills are essential for customer service jobs. 好的社交技巧对顾客服务工作至关重要。 She manages our company’s social media accounts. 她管理我们公司的社交媒体账户。 【派生词】 society为名词，译为“社会”； socialize为动词，译为“社交、交往”； socialization为名词，译为“社会化”。 Eg: This issue affects society as a whole. 这个问题影响整个社会。 It’s important to socialize with colleagues outside of work. 工作之外与同事社交很重要。 Early childhood socialization affects personality development. 幼儿时期的社会化影响性格发展。 【即学即用】 She has excellent s_______ skills and makes friends easily. 答案：social Involve (动词) 包含、需要、牵涉 【用法讲解】 involve作动词，还可译为“使卷入”，后面可接名词或动名词。 Eg: The job involves frequent travel. 这份工作需要频繁出差。 Don’t involve me in your problems. 别把我卷进你的问题里。 【常见搭配】 be involved in ... 被卷入到...里 Involve doing sth. 需要做某事 Be/ get involved with sth./ sb. 与某人或某事有联系或参与其中 Eg: He was involved in a car accident. 他卷入了一场车祸。 Learning a language involves practicing every day. 学习一门语言需要每天练习。 He is involved with a local theater group. 他与一个当地的戏剧团有联系。 【派生词】 involved为形容词，译为“涉及的、复杂的”； Involvement为名词，译为“参与、涉及”。 Eg: The instructions are too involved for a beginner. 这些说明对初学者来说太复杂了。 His involvement in the charity event was commendable. 他参与慈善活动的行为值得称赞。 【即学即用】 她深度参与了该项目。 She _______ deeply _______ _______ the project. 答案：was; involved in Impress (动词) 使留下深刻的好印象 【用法讲解】 impress还可译为“使钦佩、铭刻”。 Eg: She impressed the judges with her performance. 她的表演给评委留下了深刻印象。 The logo was impressed on the leather. 标志被压印在皮革上。 【常见搭配】 impress 重要性/观点 on/ upon sb. 使某人深刻认识到某事的重要性 Be impressed by/ with 名词 对某人或某事物印象深刻 Eg: The teacher impressed the importance of punctuality on the students. 老师向学生们强调了守时的重要性。 I was impressed by her dedication. 我对她的奉献精神印象深刻。 【派生词】 impression为名词，译为“印象”； impressive为形容词，译为“令人印象深刻的”。 Eg: He made a strong impression on me. 他给我留下了深刻的印象。 The results were very impressive. 结果非常令人印象深刻。 【即学即用】 Her speech i___________ the audience. 我们都对他的勇气印象深刻。 All of us _______ _______ _______ his courage. 答案：1. impressed 2. were impressed by Imagination (名词) 想象力 【用法讲解】 Imagination表示“想象力”时为不可数名词，表示“想象活动、幻想”时为可数名词，其复数形式为imaginations。 Eg: Children have a vivid imagination. 孩子们有丰富的想象力。 Her stories are full of wild imaginations. 她的故事充满了天马行空的幻想。 【常见搭配】 vivid imagination 丰富的想象力 Lack of imagination 缺乏想象力 Beyond imagination 超乎想象 Eg: She has a vivid imagination and loves to write stories. 她有丰富的想象力，喜欢写故事。 The design shows a lack of imagination. 这个设计缺乏想象力。 The success of the project was beyond imagination. 这个项目的成功超乎想象。 【派生词】 imagine为动词，译为“想象”； Imaginative为形容词，译为“富有想象力的”。 Eg: Can you imagine living on Mars? 你能想象在火星上生活吗？ She is an imaginative writer. 她是一位富有想象力的作家。 【即学即用】 In art class, students are encouraged to us their _________ (imagine). 答案：imagination Manager (名词) 经理 【用法讲解】 manager为可数名词，其复数形式为managers，还可译为“经纪人、管理人”。 Eg: She was promoted to sales manager last year. 她去年被提升为销售经理。 A good manager knows how to delegate tasks effectively. 优秀的管理者懂得如何有效分配任务。 【常见搭配】 general manager 总经理 Project manager 项目经理 Eg: The general manager will make the final decision. 总经理将做出最终决定。 As a project manager, he oversees multiple construction sites. 作为项目经理，他监督多个建筑工地。 【派生词】 manage为动词，译为“管理、设法”； management为名词，译为“管理、经营”。 Eg: She manages a team of 20 employees at the marketing company. 她在这家营销公司管理着一个20人的团队。 Effective management is crucial for a company’s success. 高效的管理对公司的成功至关重要。 【即学即用】 She is the marketing _________ (manage) of our company. 答案：manager Quit (动词) 离开、离任 【用法讲解】 quit作动词，还可译为“停止、放弃”，其过去式为quit，过去分词为quit。 Eg: They were asked to quit the premises immediately. 他们被要求立即离开该场所。 He quit the company after ten years. 他在公司工作了十年后辞职了。 He quit smoking last year. 他去年戒烟了。 【常见搭配】 quit smoking/ drinking 戒烟/戒酒 Quit a job 辞职 Quit school 退学 Quit doing sth. 停止做某事 Eg: It’s hard to quit smoking, but it’s worth it. 戒烟很难，但值得。 She quit her job to start her own business. 她辞去工作开始创业。 He quit school at the age of 16. 他16岁时退学了。 You should quit complaining and take action. 你应该停止抱怨，采取行动。 【派生词】 quitter为名词，译为“轻易放弃的人”。 Eg: Don’t be a quitter, keep trying until you succeed. 不要轻易放弃，坚持到成功为止。 【即学即用】 She q_______ her job to travel the world. He quit _________ (play) video games to focus on studies. 答案：1. quit 2. playing Suit (动词) 适合 【用法讲解】 suit还为可数名词，其复数形式为suits，译为“诉讼、（纸牌的）花色、套装”等。 Eg: He wore a dark suit to the interview. 他穿了一套深色西装去面试。 The company filed a suit against the competitor. 该公司对竞争对手提出了诉讼。 Hearts is my favorite suit in cards. 红桃是我最喜欢的纸牌花色。 This schedule doesn’t suit my needs. 这个时间表不适合我的需求。 The jacket suits you perfectly. 这件夹克你穿很合身。 【常见搭配】 suit one’s needs/ taste 满足需求/口味 Be suited to/ for ... 适合某目的或角色 Eg: The menu is designed to suit all tastes. 这个菜单被设计满足所有口味。 Her calm personality is suited for teaching. 她沉着的性格适合当老师。 【派生词】 suitable为形容词，译为“合适的”。 Eg: This dress is suitable for a formal party. 这条裙子适合正式派对。 【即学即用】 这个工具特别适合精细的工作。 This tool is particularly _______ _______ delicate work. 答案：suited for Railway (名词) 铁路、铁路系统 【用法讲解】 railway为可数名词，其复数形式为railways。 Eg: This railway connects two big cities. 这条铁路连接了两座大城市。 【常见搭配】 railway station 火车站 Railway track 铁轨 Eg: The railway station is crowded during holidays. 节假日期间火车站很拥挤。 Workers are repairing the railway tracks after the storm. 工人们正在风暴后修复铁轨。 【即学即用】 Many ________ (铁路) in Europe are electrified. 答案：railways Mention (动词) 提到、说到、写到 【用法讲解】 mention还可为名词，译为“提及、说起”。 Eg: John mentioned her name in the speech. 约翰在演讲中提到了她的名字。 Don’t mention it before the children. 不要在孩子面前提及此事。 The report makes a detailed mention of the challenges faced by the company. 这份报告详细提到了公司面临的挑战。 【常见搭配】 mention sth. to sb. = mention to sb. that从句 向某人提及某物 Mention doing sth. 提及做某事 Don’t mention it. 不客气。 Make a mention of... 提到、提及 Without mention 未提及、没有说到 Eg: He didn’t mention anything to me. 他没有向我提到任何事。 She mentioned to me that she was going on vacation. 她向我提及她要去度假。 She mentioned doing her homework every day. 她提到她每天做作业。 In his speech, he made a mention of the environmental problems. 在他的演讲中，他提到了环境问题。 He left the room without mention of where he was going. 他离开了房间，没有说他要去哪里。 【即学即用】 He mentioned _________ (visit) Paris last year. 答案： visiting Standard (名词) 标准；(形容词) 标准的 【用法讲解】 standard为可数名词，其复数形式为standards。 Eg: We must meet the international standards. 我们必须达到国际标准。 The company has high quality standards. 这家公司有很高的质量标准。 He speaks standard English. 他讲标准的英语。 【常见搭配】 live up to standards 达到标准、符合标准 By standards 按照标准 The standard of living 生活水平 Eg: The new product did not live up to the company’s standards. 新产品没有达到公司的标准。 The products are classified by standard. 产品按标准分类。 The standard of living in this city is quite high. 这个城市的生活水平相当高。 【派生词】 standardization为名词，译为“标准化”； standardize为动词，译为“使标准化”。 Eg: The standardization of products is very important for the company. 产品的标准化对公司非常重要。 We should standardize the production process. 我们应该使生产过程标准化。 【即学即用】 The government is setting new environmental s____________. Salt solutions are used in humidity ___________ (standard). 答案：1. standards 2. standardization Tough (形容词) 艰难的 【用法讲解】 tough在句中常作定语或表语，还可译为“坚韧的、严厉的、顽强的”， Eg: It was a tough decision. 这是一个艰难的决定。 This material is very tough. 这种材料非常坚韧。 The teacher is tough on lazy students. 老师对懒惰的学生很严厉。 She is a tough competitor. 她是一个顽强的竞争对手。 【常见搭配】 tough it out 坚持到底 Get tough with sb./ sth. 对...采取强硬态度 Eg: Despite the pain, he decided to tough it out. 尽管疼痛，他决定坚持到底。 The government is getting tough with tax evaders. 政府正在对逃税者采取强硬措施。 【派生词】 toughen为动词，译为“使变坚韧、使更强硬”； toughness为名词，译为“坚韧、严厉”。 Eg: Military training toughened him. 军事训练嚷嚷他变得坚强。 The toughness of the material makes it deal for construction. 这种材料的韧性使其非常适合建筑。 【即学即用】 Facing a _________ (艰难的) choice, he hesitated for a long time. 答案：tough At all times 总是、随时、永远 Eg: Safety must be maintained at all times. 必须始终保持安全。 The emergency exits must be accessible at all times. 紧急出口必须随时可通行。 【即学即用】 考试期间学生必须始终保持安静。 Students must remain silent ______ _______ _______ during the exam. 答案：at all times Passenger (名词) 乘客 【用法讲解】 passenger为可数名词，其复数形式为passengers。 Eg: The passengers on the plane were all nervous during the turbulence. 飞机遇到气流颠簸时，乘客们都很紧张。 【常见搭配】 passenger transport 客运 Passenger flow 客流 Eg: Urban passenger transport needs more investment. 城市客运需要更多投资。 The subway station has heavy passenger flow during rush hours. 地铁站在高峰时段客流很大。 【即学即用】 There are many _________ (乘客) waiting at the bus stop for the next bus. 答案：passengers Exactly (副词) （答语）完全正确、准确地 【用法讲解】 exactly还可译为“正是、一点不错、确切地、完全地”。 Eg: That’s exactly what I meant. 这正是我的意思。 The meeting starts exactly at 9 AM. 会议9点整开始。 She looks exactly like her mother. 她长得和她母亲一摸一样。 【常见搭配】 exactly as... 完全按照... Eg: Follow the instructions exactly as they are written. 严格按照书面指示操作。 【派生词】 exact为形容词，译为“精确的”； exactness为名词，译为“精确性”。 Eg: The exact time of the meeting is 3:15 PM. 会议的精确时间是下午3：15。 Her work is known for its mathematical exactness. 他的工作因数学上的精确性而闻名。 【即学即用】 This is __________ (exact) what I was looking for. 答案：exactly Improvement (名词) 改进、改善 【用法讲解】 improvement常为不可数名词，但在表示抽象的“改进之处、改善的地方”时为可数名词，其复数形式为improvements。 Eg: The patient showed improvement after the treatment. 治疗后，患者的病情有所好转。 She made some improvements to her essay. 她对论文做了一些改进。 【常见搭配】 make an improvement 做出改进 Improvement in/on/to sth. 在某领域的改进 Eg: The team made a noticeable improvement in performance. 团队在表现上有了显著提升。 There has been an improvement in air quality. 空气质量有所改善。 【派生词】 improve为动词，译为“改进、提升”。 Eg: Regular exercise can significantly improve your health. 定期锻炼可以显著改善你的健康状况。 【即学即用】 The latest model includes several _____________ (improve) over the previous one. 答案：improvements Either... or... 要么...要么...、不是...就是... 【用法详解】 either为连词，与or搭配，译为“或者...或者...”；either还可为代词，译为“任意一个”；either还可为副词，译为“也”。 Eg: They didn’t go to the park yesterday. I didn’t go there, either. 昨天他们没去公园。我也没去。 Either you or I am wrong. 不是你的错，就是我的错。 Either of them can do the work. 他们两个人中谁都能做这工作。 【易混辨析】Too, as well, also与either区别： Too “也”常位于肯定句句尾，前面有逗号。 As well “也”常位于肯定句句尾，无逗号。 Also “也”位于句中，be动词、助动词、情态动词后 Either “也”位于否定句句尾。 Eg: She is a student, too. = She is a student as well. = She is also a student. 她也是一名学生。 She isn’t a student, either. 她也不是一名学生。 【即学即用】 ( )1. I like this book, _____. as well B. also C. either D. too 要么你去，要么我去参加会议。 _______ you ______ I need to attend the meeting. 答案：1. D 2. Either; or Decide on 决定、选定 Eg: We need to decide on a date for the meeting. 我们需要确定会议的日期。 【知识拓展】decide为动词，译为“决定”。 Eg: Before I decide, I need time to reflect. 在作出决定以前，我需要时间认真考虑。 【常见搭配】decide to do sth. 决定做某事 Decide on/upon sth. 决定某事 Eg: We decided to go to the movies together. 我们决定一起去看电影。 She decided upon a career in medicine. 她决定从事医学事业。 【派生词】decision为可数名词，其复数形式为decisions。 Eg: The committee discussed several decisions in the meeting. 委员会在会议上讨论了几个决定。 【常见搭配】 make a decision 做决定 Eg: Finally, they made a decision to go there by plane. 最终，他们做出决定坐飞机去那。 【即学即用】 They made an important ________ (decide) yesterday. 我们决定买一辆新车，而不是修理旧车。 They _________ _______ buying a new care instead of repairing the old one. 答案：1. decision 2. decided on Personality (名词) 性格、个性 【用法讲解】 personality为可数名词，其复数形式为personalities。 Eg: She has a cheerful personality. 她性格开朗。 He possesses a strong personality. 他个性很强。 【常见搭配】 personality trait 人格特质 personality development 人格发展 Clash of personality 性格冲突 Eg: Honesty is an important personality trait. 诚实是重要的人格特质。 Education plays a key role in personality development. 教育在人格发展中起关键作用。 The team failed due to a clash of personalities. 团队因性格冲突而失败。 【派生词】 person为名词，译为“人”； Personal为形容词，译为“个人的”。 Eg: She is a kind person. 她是一个善良的人。 This is a personal matter, not for public discussion. 这是私事，不适合公开讨论。 【即学即用】 Her ________ (个性) that lights up the room is unforgettable. 答案：personality Take on 承担（责任）、决定做 【用法讲解】 take on还可译为“雇佣、呈现、对抗、装载”等。 Eg: She took on the role of team leader. 她承担了团队领导的角色。 The company is taking on new staff. 公司正在招聘新员工。 The city takes on a magical feel at night. 夜晚的诚实呈现出一种魔幻感。 He was ready to take on the champion. 他准备好挑战冠军了。 The ship will take on cargo at the next port. 船将在下一个港口装卸货物。 【即学即用】 她承担了额外的工作职责。 She _______ ______ extra responsibilities at work. 答案：took on Challenge (名词) 挑战 【用法讲解】 challenge为可数名词，其复数形式为challenges，还可译为“质疑”；challenge也可为动词，译为“向（某人）挑战、对...怀疑”。 Eg: Then new policy faced a lot of challenges from the public. 这项新政策遭到了公众的诸多质疑。 The scientist challenged the traditional theory with his new research. 这位科学家用他的新研究对传统理论提出了质疑。 【常见搭配】 take up/accept the challenge 接受挑战 Face a challenge 面临一个挑战 Challenge sb. to do sth. 挑战某人做某事 Eg: The team decided to take up the challenge of designing a new app. 团队决定接受设计新应用程序的挑战。 The team faced many challenges during the construction of the bridge. 团队在建造桥梁过程中面临许多挑战。 He challenged me to a game of chess. 他挑战我一盘棋。 【派生词】 challenging为形容词，译为“充满挑战的”。 Eg: Teaching in a multicultural environment is a challenging but rewarding job. 在多元文化环境中教学是一份充满挑战但有回报的工作。 【即学即用】 Climate change poses a serious c________ for humanity. 答案：challenge Winner (名词) 获胜者 【用法讲解】 winner为可数名词，其复数形式为winners。 Eg: She is the winner of the singing competition. 她是歌唱比赛的获胜者。 【常见搭配】 born winner 天生的赢家 Eg: With his confidence and skills, he’s a born winner. 凭借他的信心和技能，他是个天生的赢家。 【派生词】 win为动词，译为“赢、胜利”。 Eg: He hopes to win the scholarship this year. 他希望今年能赢得奖学金。 【即学即用】 The team was the clear __________ (win) of the tournament. 答案：winner Outgoing (形容词) 外向的、友好的 【用法讲解】 outgoing在句中常作定语及表语，还可译为“即将离职的、外发的”等。 Eg: Outgoing people usually make friends easily. 外向的人通常容易交到朋友。 The outgoing president gave a farewell speech. 即将离任的总统发表了告别演说。 All outgoing emails are archived. 所有外发邮件都会被存档。 【常见搭配】 outgoing personality 外向性格 Eg: His outgoing personality makes him popular at parties. 他外向的性格让他在聚会上很受欢迎。 【派生词】 outgoingness为名词，译为“外向性”。 Eg: Her outgoingness helps her in sales. 她的外向性格有助于她的销售工作。 【即学即用】 Children with _________ (外向的) traits often enjoy group activities. 答案：outgoing Opposite (名词) 对立的人（或事物） 【用法讲解】 opposite还可为可数名词，还可译为“对立面、反义词”，常与定冠词the连用，其复数形式为opposites；opposite还可为形容词，译为“相反的、对立的、对面的”。 注意：opposite在作介词时，其同义词组为across from. Eg: He is kind, but his brother is the opposite. 他很友善，但他弟弟恰恰相反。 The bank is opposite the supermarket. = The bank is across from the supermarket. 银行在超市对面。 The twins have opposite personalities. 双胞胎性格截然相反。 The man you’re looking for is in the shop opposite. 你找的人在对面的商店里。 Black is the opposite of white. 黑色是白色的对立面。 They are complete opposites. 他们截然相反。 【常见搭配】 be opposite to... 与...相反、与...相对 On the opposite side of ... 在...的另一边 Do the opposite 做相反的事 Eg: My opinion is opposite to yours. 我的观点和你的相反。 The store is on the opposite side of the street. 商店在街道对面。 He always tells me to do the opposite. 他总让我做相反的事。 【派生词】 opposed为形容词，译为“反对的”； opposing为形容词，译为“对立的”； Opposition为名词，译为“反对、对手”； oppose为动词，译为“反对”。 Eg: Many people are opposed to the new policy. 很多人反对这项新政策。 The two teams had opposing strategies in the game. 两支球队在比赛中采用了对立的策略。 There was strong opposition to the plan. 对该计划有强烈的反对意见。 In the race, he saw his fellow runners as opposition. 在比赛中，他把其他参赛选手视为对手。 Some citizens opposed the construction of the new factory. 一些市民反对新建这家工厂。 【即学即用】 Love and hate are o __________. Our office is opposite to the bank. (同义句转换) Our office is ________ _______ the bank. 答案：1. opposite 2. across from Kindness (名词) 善良 【用法讲解】 Kindness常为不可数名词，但在表示“友好的行为”时为可数名词，其复数形式为kindnesses。 Eg: Her kindness to animals is well-known. 她对动物的善良是众所周知的。 Thank you for all your kindnesses during my stay. 感谢你在我逗留期间的所有善意行为。 【常见搭配】 act of kindness 善行 Out of kindness 出于好意 Eg: Small acts of kindness can change someone’s day. 小小的善行可以改变别人的一天。 She did it out of kindness, not obligation. 她这么做是出于好意，而非义务。 【派生词】 kind为形容词，译为“善良的、友善的”； kindly为副词，译为“友善地”。 Eg: She has a kind heart and always helps others. 她心地善良，总是帮助他人。 He spoke kindly to the nervous student. 他友善地和那位紧张的学生说话。 【即学即用】 Her __________ (kind) towards strangers is admirable. 答案：kindness Matter (名词) 关乎...的事情、问题 【用法讲解】 matter为不可数名词，还可译为“物质、事情、重要性”等。 Eg: It doesn’t matter what you wear to the party. 你去派对穿什么不重要。 Water is a form of matter. 水是一种物质。 The matter at hand requires immediate attention. 眼前的事情需要立即处理。 Your opinion matters to me. 你的意见对我很重要。 【常见搭配】 It doesn’t matter. 没关系。 What's the matter with ...? ...怎么了？ No matter 无论、不管 As a matter of fact 事实上 Eg: What’s the matter with you? 你怎么了？ No matter what happens, I’ll always be here for you. 无论发生什么，我都会一直在这里支持你。 As a matter of fact, I have already finished it. 事实上，我已经完成了。 【即学即用】 无论发生什么，我都会支持你。 _______ _______ ______ happens, I will stand by you. 事实上，项目提前完成了。 _______ ______ ______ _____ _______, the project was completed ahead of schedule. 答案： 1. No matter what 2. As a matter of fact Let sb. down 使失望 Eg: I promised to help, but I let him down at the last minute. 我答应帮忙，但最后一刻让他失望了。 【即学即用】 团队努力训练，不想让教练失望。 The team worked hard not to _______ their coach _______. 答案：let; down Probably (副词) 很可能、大概 【用法讲解】 probably常位于助动词之后，实义动词之前修饰动词；probably也可用来修饰名词、副词、介词短语或连词，也可位于句首修饰整个句子。 Eg: He probably knows the answer. 他大概知道答案。 She is probably at home. 她可能在家。 Probably, he will come tomorrow. 很可能他明天回来。 【派生词】 probable为形容词，译为“很可能的、大概的”； probability为名词，译为“可能性、概率”。 Eg: The probable cause of the accident was poor visibility. 事故的可能原因是能见度低。 In statistics, we study the probability of events. 在统计学中，我们研究事件发生的概率。 【易混辨析】 perhaps、possibly和likely区别 perhaps通常位于句首或句尾，表示一种礼貌的请求或提供帮助等，可能性较低； possibly表示可能性较小，常与can或could连用； likely表示可能性较大，但不如probably大。 Eg: Perhaps he will leave home for Shanghai. 也许他会离家去上海。 It may possibly be true. 也许是真的。 I’m likely to be very busy tomorrow. 明天我可能很忙。 【即学即用】 ( )1. The White House ________ won’t make this plan public until July. probably B. possible C. likely D. maybe They are ________ (probable) at the park now. 答案： 1. A 2. probably Encouragement (名词) 鼓励 【用法讲解】 encouragement为不可数名词，也可译为“激励、支持”。 Eg: The teacher gave encouragement to the shy student. 老师鼓励了那个害羞的学生。 【常见搭配】 words of encouragement 鼓励的话语 Eg: She always has words of encouragement for her friends. 她总是对朋友们说些鼓励的话。 【派生词】 encourage为动词，译为“鼓励”； encouraging为形容词，译为“鼓舞人心的”。 Eg: She encouraged me to apply for the job. 她鼓励我申请这份工作。 The results of the test were very encouraging. 测试的结果非常鼓舞人心。 【即学即用】 Her mentor gave her __________ (encourage) to pursue the idea. 答案：encouragement Behaviour (名词) （美式behavior）表现方式、行为 【用法讲解】 behaviour为不可数名词。 Eg: His behaviour at the party was very polite. 他在派对上的行为非常礼貌。 Scientists study animal behaviour to understand their survival strategies. 科学家研究动物行为以了解它们的生存策略。 【常见搭配】 good/ bad behaviour 良好/不良行为 Change one’s behaviour 改变行为 Eg: The child was rewarded for his good behaviour. 这个孩子因为表现良好而受到奖励。 He promised to change his behaviour after the incident. 他承诺在事件发生后改变自己的行为。 【派生词】 behave为动词，译为“表现、行为”。 Eg: The children behaved well at the party. 孩子们在聚会上表现得很好。 【即学即用】 The teacher praised the students for their good __________ (behave). 答案：behaviour Pass sth. on to sb. 传给某人 【用法讲解】 pass on可译为单独使用，译为“去世、拒绝”。 Eg: Could you pass this book on to John when you see him? 你见到约翰时，能把这本书转交给他吗？ His grandfather passed on last year. 他的祖父去年去世了。 I’ll pass on dessert tonight. 今晚我就不吃甜点了。 【即学即用】 她不小心把感冒传染给了同事。 She accidentally _______ the cold _____ her coworkers. 答案：passed; on Son (名词) 儿子 【用法讲解】 son为可数名词，其复数形式为sons。 Eg: The company is run by the founder’s son. 这家公司由创始人的儿子经营。 【常见搭配】 the eldest son 长子 Only son 独生子 Like father, like son. 有其父必有其子 Eg: He is the eldest son in the family. 他是家中的长子。 He is the only son of his parents. 他是父母的独生子。 【即学即用】 The _______ (儿子) is studying abroad. 答案：son Remain (系动词) 保持不变、仍然是 【用法讲解】 remain作动词，也可译为“剩下、剩余”，后面可接名词、形容词或介词短语；remain也可为名词，译为“剩余物、遗迹”。 Eg: The main thing is to remain calm. 最重要的是保持冷静。 They had all those that remained. 他们把剩下的全部拿走了。 They went, but I remained. 他们走了，但我留了下来。 She fed the remains of her lunch to the dog. 她把剩下的午饭喂狗了。 【常见搭配】 remain to do sth. 继续做某事（动作尚未发生） Remain doing sth. 继续做某事（一个正在持续的动作） Eg: A lot of machines remained to be repaired. 还有很多机器需要修理。 The boy remained standing outside. 那个男孩一直在外面站着。 【即学即用】 Language r________ the chief means of communication. 答案：remains Confident (形容词) 自信的 【用法讲解】 confident在句中常作定语或表语。 Eg: He feels more confident on home turf. 他在主场感到更有信心。 【常见搭配】 be confident (in oneself) （对自己）充满信心 Be confident of ... 对...有把握 Be confident about ... 对...有信心 Be confident that + 从句 对...有信心 Eg: She is confident in her ability to succeed. 她自信有能力成功。 I am confident of my success. 我对成功有把握。 She is confident of winning the competition. 她确信能赢得比赛。 I am confident about my future. 我对我的未来很有信心。 He is confident that the project will succeed. 他相信这个项目会成功。 【派生词】 confidence名词，译为“信心”。 Eg: He exuded confidence as he gave his speech. 他在演讲中流露出自信。 【即学即用】 She walked into the interview room with a __________ (confidence) smile. 答案：confident Likely (副词) 可能；(形容词) 可能的 【用法讲解】 likely作形容词在句中常作定语或表语，还可译为“合适的、恰当的”。 Eg: It’s likely to rain this afternoon. 今天下午很可能会下雨。 She’s the most likely winner of the competition. 她是最有可能的比赛获胜者。 They will likely arrive before noon. 他们很可能在中午前到达。 【常见搭配】 be likely to do sth. 很可能做某事 Eg: Children are likely to imitate adult behavior. 孩子们很可能模仿大人的行为。 【派生词】 unlikely为形容词，译为“不太可能的”。 Eg: It’s unlikely to rain today with such clear skies. 今天天气这么晴朗，不太可能下雨。 【易混辨析】 perhaps、possibly和likely区别 perhaps通常位于句首或句尾，表示一种礼貌的请求或提供帮助等，可能性较低； possibly表示可能性较小，常与can或could连用； likely表示可能性较大，但不如probably大。 Eg: Perhaps he will leave home for Shanghai. 也许他会离家去上海。 It may possibly be true. 也许是真的。 I’m likely to be very busy tomorrow. 明天我可能很忙。 【即学即用】 She’s a ________ (unlikely) candidate for the promotion. ( )2. _____ you are right. Perhaps B. May C. Must D. May be 答案： 1. likely 2. A Negative (形容词) 消极的、有害的、否定的 【用法讲解】 negative作形容词，常作定语和表语；negative还可为名词，译为“否定、拒绝、负面结果”。 Eg: She has a negative attitude towards the project. 她对这项计划持消极态度。 The news had a negative impact on the market. 这则消息对市场产生了负面影响。 His reply was a clear negative. 他的回答是一个明确的否定。 【常见搭配】 negative effect/ impact 负面影响 Negative feedback 负面反馈 Eg: Pollution has a negative effect on the environment. 污染对环境有负面影响。 The product received a lot of negative feedback from users. 该产品收到了许多用户的负面反馈。 【派生词】 negativity为名词，译为“消极性、负面情绪”； Negate为动词，译为“否定、取消”； negation为名词，译为“否定、拒绝”。 Eg: Her constant negativity made the team feel demotivated. 她持续的消极情绪让团队感到沮丧。 The new evidence negated his previous statement. 新证据否定了他的先前声明。 His silence was seen as a negation of the proposal. 他的沉默被视为对提议的拒绝。 【即学即用】 His _________ (消极的) attitude affected the whole team. 答案：negative Lecture (名词) 演讲、讲座 【用法讲解】 lecture为可数名词，其复数形式为lectures，还可译为“训斥、告诫”；lecture还可为动词，译为“作讲座、训斥、告诫”。 Eg: She gave a lecture on modern art. 她作了一场关于现代艺术的讲座。 My dad gave me a lecture about being late. 爸爸因为我迟到训了我一顿。 He lectures at the university. 他在大学讲课。 She lectured him for not doing his homework. 她因他没做作业而训斥他。 【常见搭配】 give a lecture 作讲座 Attend a lecture 听讲座 Eg: The professor will give a lecture tomorrow. 教授明天将作一场讲座。 Over 100 students attended the lecture. 100多名学生听了这场讲座。 【派生词】 lecturer为名词，译为“讲师、演讲者”。 Eg: The lecturer explained the concept of quantum physics in simple terms. 这位讲师用简单的语言解释了量子物理的概念。 【即学即用】 He missed the ________ (讲座) because he was sick. 答案：lecture Connection (名词) 关联、联结 【用法讲解】 connection为可数名词，其复数形式为connections，还可译为“交通或通信的连接、人脉”等。 Eg: There is a direct connection between the two events. 这两件事有直接联系。 She has many business connection in the industry. 她在行业中有很多人脉。 The flight missed its connection in London. 航班错过了在伦敦的转机。 【常见搭配】 make a connection 建立联系 Connection between A and B A与B之间的联系 Connection to/ with sth. 与某物的连接或关系 In connection with... 与...有关 Social connection 社交关系 Eg: The study tries to make a connection between stress and illness. 这项研究试图建立压力和疾病之间的联系。 Scientists are studying the connection between sleep and memory. 科学家正在研究睡眠和记忆之间的联系。 He has no direct connection to the company. 他与这家公司没有直接关系。 The police questioned him in connection with the robbery. 警方就抢劫案对他进行了询问。 Strong social connections are important for mental health. 良好的社交关系对心理健康很重要。 【派生词】 connect为动词，译为“连接、联系”。 Eg: The bridge connects the two parts of the city. 这座桥连接了城市的两部分。 【即学即用】 The _________ (connect) between the two ideas is not obvious. 答案：connection Speaker (名词) 发言者、讲（某种语言）的人 【用法讲解】 speaker为可数名词，其复数形式为speakers，还可译为“扬声器、喇叭”。 Eg: The speaker at the conference was very engaging. 会议上的发言人非常有吸引力。 The speakers on my computer aren’t working. 我电脑的扬声器坏了。 【常见搭配】 guest speaker 特邀演讲者 Speaker system 音响系统 Eg: The school arranged a guest speaker to talk about career opportunities. 学校安排了一位特邀演讲者谈论职业机会。 The concert venue has a high - quality speaker system. 音乐会场馆配备了高质量的音响系统。 【派生词】 speak为动词，译为“说话、演讲”； spoken为形容词，译为“口头的、口语的”。 Eg: She will speak at the conference next week. 她将在下周的会议上发表演讲。 The spoken language in this region has unique characteristics. 这个地区的口语有独特的特点。 【即学即用】 The university invited a famous __________ (speak) for the graduation ceremony. 答案：speaker Point (动词) 指向、指引 【用法讲解】 point还可为可数名词，译为“道理、要点、观点、核心内容”等。 Eg: The point on the map indicates the location of the treasure. 地图上的点指示了宝藏的位置。 She made several important points during her presentation. 她在演讲中提出了几个重要的观点。 She pointed out the flaws in the plan. 她指出了计划中的缺陷。 【常见搭配】 at this point 在这个阶段 At some point 在某个时刻/时候、迟早 Make a point of sth. 特别重视某事 Point of view 观点、视角 Point in time 某个时刻 Point out 指出 Point to 指向 Point at ... 指某一物体，指向人时（有粗鲁或不礼貌之意） Eg: At this point, we need to reassess our strategy. 在这个阶段，我们需要重新考虑我们的策略。 We’ll need to discuss this at some point. 我们迟早需要讨论这个问题。 He made a point of arriving early. 他特别重视提前到达。 From my point of view, this is the best option. 就我看来，这是最好的选择。 We need to make a decision at this point in time. 我需要在某个时刻对其做出决定。 I’d like to point out the importance of teamwork. 我想要指出团队工作的重要性。 He pointed to the sky to show us the airplane. 他指向天空给我们看飞机。 The teacher pointed at the map and told me where Britain was. 老师指着地图告诉我英国在哪。 【即学即用】 你能在这张地图上指出图书馆吗？ Can you _______ _______ the library on this map? 答案： point out Pay off 成功、奏效 【用法讲解】 pay off还可译为“还清债务、取得回报”等。 Eg: All her hard work paid off when she got promoted. 她的努力得到了回报，获得了晋升。 He finally paid off his student loans. 他终于还清了学生贷款。 【知识拓展】 pay作动词，译为“支付”，其过去式为paid，过去分词为paid；pay还可为不可数名词，译为“支付、开销” Eg: I need to pay the bill before leaving the restaurant. 离开餐厅前我需要支付账单。 He paid a high price for his mistake. 他为他的错误付出了高昂的代价。 Her monthly pay is not enough to cover her expenses. 她每月的工资不够支付她的开销。 【常见搭配】 pay for sth. 支付某物费用 Pay (sb.) 钱 for sth. 为某物支付金额 Pay back 偿还债务 pay in cash/ by card 支付方式（表示付现金或刷卡支付） Pay attention to (doing) sth. 注意（做）某事 Eg: You need to pay for the meal before leaving the restaurant. 你需要在离开餐厅前付饭钱。 I paid the shopkeeper 50 yuan for the book. 我付给店主50元买这本书。 He promised to pay back the money he borrowed from me next week. 他答应下周还我借给他的钱。 70% of customers pay by credit card in this store. 这家商店70%的顾客刷卡支付。 Please pay attention to your spelling when you write. 你写字时请注意拼写。 【派生词】 payment为名词，译为“支付、付款”。 Eg: I received a payment confirmation for my order. 我收到了订单的付款确认。 The payment for the service was made online. 服务费用已在线支付。 【即学即用】 Can I make a _________ (支付) with my credit card? 她在教育上的投资成功的换来了更好的工作机会。 Her investment in education ______ ______ in better job opportunities. 答案： 1. pay 2. paid off Succeed (动词) 成功 【用法讲解】 succeed为动词，还可译为“继任、接替、紧接着”。 Eg: He succeeded at his new project. 他在新项目上取得成功。 The vice president will succeed the president. 副总统将继任总统。 Night succeeds day. 夜晚紧接着白天而来。 【常见搭配】 succeed in doing sth. 成功做某事 Succeed at sth. 在某种技能或学科上取得成就 Succeed to sth. 继承（地位、财产等） Succeed with sth. 在某方面获得成功 Eg: We succeeded in repairing the engine. 我们成功地修好了发送机。 He succeeded at playing the piano. 他在弹钢琴上取得了成功。 She succeeded to the throne. 她继承了王位。 He succeeded with his business plan. 他的商业计划获得了成功。 【派生词】 success为不可数名词，译为“成功、胜利、成就”； Successful为形容词，译为“成功的”； successfully为副词，译为“成功地”。 Eg: Their success is due in large part to their determination. 他们成功在很大程度上应归于他们的决心。 Lu Xun is a successful writer. 鲁迅是一个成功的作家。 They successfully communicate their knowledge to others. 他们成功地把知识传授给他人。 【即学即用】 She succeeded in __________ (pass) the exam. 答案：passing Position (名词) 职位、位置 【用法讲解】 position为可数名词，其复数形式为positions，还可译为“立场”；position还可为动词，译为“安置、使位于”。 Eg: The company is hiring for a managerial position. 公司正在招聘一个管理职位。 She adjusted her sitting position to avoid back pain. 她调整了坐姿以避免背痛。 He positioned the lamp near the window. 他把灯放在窗边。 【常见搭配】 take a position 占据位置 In position 在正确位置 Out of position 不在正确位置 Hold a position 担任职位 Take a position on... 对...采取立场 Eg: The troops took their positions before the battle. 部队在战斗前占据了各自的位置。 Make sure all the chess pieces are in position. 确保所有棋子都在正确的位置上。 The goalkeeper was out of position, so the opponent scored. 守门员站位失误，对方进球了。 She holds a senior position at the company. 她在公司担任高级职位。 The government has yet to take a position on the issue. 政府尚未对该问题表态。 【派生词】 positional为形容词，译为“位置的”。 Eg: The chess player analyzed the positional advantages of each piece. 这位棋手分析了每个棋子的位置优势。 【即学即用】 She applied for a managerial __________ (位置) at the company. 答案：position President (名词) 主席、院长、董事长 【用法讲解】 president为可数名词，其复数形式为presidents，还可译为“主持人”。 Eg: The president of the United States delivered a speech on climate change. 美国总统就气候变化发表了演讲。 She was elected president of the student council last year. 她去年当选为学生会的会长。 The president of the company announced a new policy for employees. 公司董事长宣布了一项新的员工政策。 【常见搭配】 former president 前总统/前主席 Run for president 竞选总统 Eg: The former president wrote a memoir about his time in office. 前总统写了一本关于他任职期间的回忆录。 He announced his intention to run for president. 他宣布了竞选总统的意图。 【派生词】 preside为动词，译为“主持、担任主席”。 Eg: She will preside over the board meeting tomorrow. 她将主持明天的董事会会议。 【即学即用】 The _________ (董事长) of the company announced a new policy. 答案：president Cooperate (动词) 合作 【用法讲解】 cooperate作动词，还可译为“配合、协助”。 Eg: The two companies decided to cooperate on the new project. 这两家公司决定在新项目上合作。 The police asked the public to cooperate in solving the crime. 警方要求公众配合破案。 【常见搭配】 cooperate with sb. 与某人合作 Cooperate on sth. 在某事上合作 Cooperate in doing sth. 合作做某事 Eg: The two companies decided to cooperate with each other on the new project. 这两家公司决定在新项目上相互合作。 Scientists from different countries are cooperating on climate research. 来自不同国家的科学家正在合作进行气候研究。 They cooperated in organizing the charity event. 他们合作组织了这次慈善活动。 【派生词】 cooperation为名词，译为“合作、协作”； cooperative为形容词，译为“合作的”。 Eg: The success of this project depends on good cooperation between team members. 这个项目的成功取决于团队成员之间的良好合作。 She was very cooperative during the group activity. 她在小组活动中非常配合。 【即学即用】 She refused to c_____________ with the investigation. 答案：cooperate Voice (动词) 表达 【用法讲解】 voice指“某人的嗓音或说话的方式”时为可数名词，在泛指“声音或声响”时为不可数名词。 Eg: She has a beautiful voice.  她有一副美妙的嗓音。 He voiced his concerns about the project. 他表达了对这个项目的担忧。 The bird can voice different sounds. 这只鸟能发出不同的声音。 【常见搭配】 give voice to ... 表达、说出 With one voice 异口同声地、一致地 Raise one’s voice 提高嗓门、大声说话 Eg: He gave voice to his fears about the future. 他表达了对未来的担忧。 The members of the committee agreed with one voice. 委员会成员一致同意。 She raised her voice to make herself heard in the noisy room. 她在嘈杂的房间里提高嗓门以便让别人听到。 【派生词】 voiceless为形容词，译为“无声的、无声调的”。 Eg: The voiceless letters in the word are often ignored. 单词不发音的字母常常被忽略。 【易混辨析】 sound, voice与noise区别： sound指自然界中所有的声音 Voice指人说话的声音或悦耳的鸟叫 Noise指让人不舒服的噪音 Eg: sound of music 音乐之声 That sounds great. 听起来不错。 The girl’s voice is sweet. 这个女孩的声音很甜美。 Don’t make noise, please. 请不要制造噪音。 【即学即用】 Many citizens v_________ their concerns about the new policy. 在辩论中，他提高嗓门以强调自己的观点。 During the debate, he ______ _____ _______ to emphasize his point. ( )3.My sister has a very beautiful _______. sound B. noise C. voice 答案：1. voiced 2. raised his voice 3. C Consider (动词) 仔细考虑 【用法讲解】 consider后面常接名词、代词、动名词或“how/what等+动词不定式”或宾语从句。 Eg: Do you consider that we can finish the project ahead of time? 你认为我们能提前完成这个项目吗？ He has never considered how to solve the problem. 他从考虑过如何解决这个问题。 【常见搭配】 consider doing sth. 考虑做某事 Consider sb./ sth as sth. 把某人/某物视为某种身份或特质 Take into consideration 在做决定时将某事纳入考虑范围 Eg: I’m considering changing my job. 我正在考虑换工作。 She considers herself as a leader. 她把自己视作一个领导者。 We must take his experience into consideration. 我们必须考虑到他的经验。 【派生词】 其名词形式为consideration，译为“考虑”。 Eg: The judge’s decision was made with due consideration of the evidence. 法官的判决充分考虑了证据。 【即学即用】 He considered _________ (quit) his job. 答案：quitting 课文解析 I’m patient and I don’t get angry easily. 我很有耐心，不会轻易生气。 知识点一： 【用法讲解】 patient此处为形容词，译为“耐心的”； patient可为可数名词，其复数形式为patients，译为“病人”。 Eg: He is very patient person, never getting angry easily. 他是个非常有耐心的人，从不轻易发脾气。 The patient is recovering well after the surgery. 手术后，病人恢复得很好。 【常见搭配】 be patient with sb./ sth. 对某人/某物有耐心 Eg: Please be patient with me, I’m trying to figure this out. 请对我有点耐心，我正在想办法。 【派生词】 patience为名词，译为“耐心”。 Eg: I’ve lost all patience with his constant complaining. 我对他不断的抱怨已经失去了所有耐心。 知识点二： angry为形容词，译为“生气的、愤怒的”。 【常见搭配】 be angry with sb. 生某人的气 Be angry about/ at sth. 对某事生气 Be angry with sb. for sth. 因某事对某人感到生气 Eg: Don’t be angry with me for not having written. 别因为我没有写信而生我的气。 The professor was angry about John for cheating in the exam. 教授对约翰考试作弊十分气愤。 We were angry with him for keeping us waiting. 我们对他让我们久等而生气。 【即学即用】 这名老师对学生很有耐心。 This teacher ______ ________ ________ students. 她母亲对她很生气。 Her mother ______ _______ _______ her. 答案：1. is patient with 2. is angry with I think my future job involves chatting with lots of people. 我觉得我未来的工作需要和许多人聊天。 【用法讲解】 该句为宾语从句，主句为I think，从句为my future job involves chatting with lots of people。其中chat为动词，译为“聊天”，也可为名词，译为“聊天”。 Eg: The meeting started with a casual chat. 会议以轻松的闲聊开始。 They were chatting happily in the corner of the cafe. 他们正在咖啡馆的角落里愉快地聊天。 【常见搭配】 have a chat (with sb.) = chat (with sb.) 和某人聊天 Eg: I like to have a chat with my friends online. = I like to chat with my friends online. 我喜欢在网上和朋友聊天。 【即学即用】 我们的老师经常在课后和我们聊天。 Our teacher often ________ _________ us after class. 答案： chats with He’s a born artist. He’s quiet, but his work shouts. 他是一个天生的艺术家。他很安静，但是他的作品却极具说服力。 【用法讲解】 知识点一： born为动词，译为“出生”；born还可为形容词，译为“天生的”。 【常见搭配】 be born in + 年份/月份/地点 Be born on + 具体日期 Be born at + 具体时间 Be born + to/ into + 家庭/ 身份 表达家庭背景或身份 Be born with ... 天生具有 Be born to do sth. 天生适合做某事 Be born of ... 源于... Eg: She was born in 1995. 她出生于1995年。 She was born in Beijing. 她出生于北京。 She was born on May 1st. 她出生于五月一日。 She was born at 3 am. 她凌晨3点出生。 He was born into a wealthy family. 她出身富裕家庭。 He was born with a talent for music. 他天生具有音乐天赋。 She was born to be a leader. 她天生是当领导的料。 The project was born of necessity. 这个项目源于需求。 【派生词】birth常为不可数名词，但在表示“多次出生事件”时为可数名词，其复数形式为births。 Eg: My daughter’s birth was ecstatic. 我女儿的出生令人欣喜。 There were three births in the hospital last night. 昨晚医院有三个孩子出生。 知识点二： shout可为动词，译为“喊叫”，此处用拟人手法，表示“作品有说服力”；shout还可为名词，译为“呼喊声、喊叫声”。 Eg: He shouted his name. 他大声喊他的名字。 I heard a loud shout in the distance. 我听到远处传来一声大喊。 【常见搭配】 shout for ... 为...喝彩 Shout to ... 对...大声说话（没有生气或敌意） Shout out 大声说出 Shout down 用喊叫声压倒 Shout at the top of one’s lungs 竭尽全力呼喊 Shout at sb. 冲某人喊叫 Eg: The crowd shouted for the winner of the game. 人群为比赛的获胜者欢呼。 He shouted to his friend across the street. 他向街对面的朋友大喊。 She shouted out the answer. 她大声说出了答案。 The crowd shouted down the speaker. 人群用喊叫声压倒了演讲者。 She shouted at the top of her lungs to warn them of the danger. 她竭尽全力呼喊以警告他们危险。 Don’t shout at me! I can’t understand you. 别对我大喊大叫！我听不懂。 【即学即用】 ( )1. The teacher shouted _____ the students for not finishing homework. at B. for C. to D. out She congratulated him on the ______ (born) of his son. 她出生在中国的一个小村庄里。 She _______ _______ _______ a small village in China. 答案：1. A 2. birth 3. was born in But in my last job, I had to work with numbers most of the time. 但在我上一份工作中，我大多数时间不得不和数字打交道。 【用法讲解】Number为名词，译为“号码、数字、数量”；number也可为动词，译为“编号、计算”。 Eg: What’s your number? 你号码是多少？ Number the pages in the book. 给这本书的每一页编号。 Please number the total people. 请统计一下总人数。 【常见搭配】 a number of + 可数名词复数译为“许多...”，作主语时，谓语动词用复数； the number of + 可数名词复数译为“...的数量”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 Eg: A number of students in this school are from England. 这所学校许多学生来在英国。 The number of students in this school is 2000. 这所学校的学生数量是2000. 【即学即用】 ( )1. _______ sheep ______ eating grass on the hill. The number of; is B. The number of; are C. A number of; is D. A number of; are 答案：D Liu Hao, together with his team, has just completed the high-speed railway project connecting Sunshine Town to Tianjin. 刘浩和他的团队刚刚完成了连接阳光镇和天津的高速公路。 【用法讲解】 “together with”译为“和...一起、连同、以及”，用于连接两个或多个并列的成分。 注意：当“together with”连接主语时，谓语动词的单复数与第一个主语保持一致。 Eg: She went to the party together with her friends. 她和朋友们一起参加了派对。 The teacher, together with the students, is preparing for the event. 老师正在和学生门一起为活动做准备。 【即学即用】 这本书连同笔记都非常有用。 The book, ________ _______ the notes, is very helpful. ( )2. The report, together with, the survey results, ______ submitted to the manager yesterday. is B. are C. was D. were 答案：1. together with 2. C As the lead engineer, he is serious about his work and pays attention to every detail. 作为总工程师，他对工作很严格，非常注意每个细节。 【用法讲解】 serious为形容词，译为“严肃的、严格的”。 Eg: He looked serious when he heard the news. 他听到这个消息时，表情严肃。 The doctor told him that his illness was serious. 医生告诉他，他的病很严重。 【常见搭配】 be serious about ... 对...认真/严肃 Be serious in ... 在...方面严肃 Be serious with sb. 对某人严肃 Eg: He is serious about his studies. 他对学习很认真。 She is serious in her work. 她在工作方面很严肃。 The teacher was serious with the students who didn’t do their homework. 老师对那些没做作业的学生很严肃。 【派生词】 seriously为副词，译为“严肃地、认真地”。 Eg: You should take your health seriously. 你应该认真对待你的健康。 【即学即用】 ( )1. He has read many books on history, so it’s _____ for him to answer these questions. hard B. impossible C. easy D. serious 我们要认真的面对未来。 We have to _____ _______ _______ our future. 答案： 1. C 2. be serious about To us, a miss is as good as a mile. Any mistake may cost lives. 对我们来说，失之毫厘、谬以千里。任何错误都可能要付出生命的代价。 【用法讲解】cost作动词，译为“花费、估价、价格为、使损失”等；cost在表示“具体费用”时为可数名词，其复数形式为costs；cost在表示“抽象费用、代价”时为不可数名词。 Eg: It must cost a good deal to live here. 住在这里一定要花很多钱的。 The work was costed by the engineer at $50,000. 这项工程据工程师估价为50000美元。 The book cost me 100 yuan. 这本书花了我一百元。 The cost of living in this city is very high. 在这个城市生活的成本很高。 The cost of success is hard work and dedication. 成功的代价是努力工作和奉献精神。 【常见搭配】 at the cost of... 以...为代价 It costs + 金额 + to do sth. 做某事需要花费... At cost 按成本价 Eg: She got promoted at the cost of her personal time. 她以牺牲个人时间为代价获得晋升。 It costs $20 to enter the museum. 进入博物馆需要花费20美元。 The store sold damaged goods at cost. 商店以成本价出售受损商品。 【即学即用】 他以健康为代价取得了成功。 He succeeded _____ ______ ______ _____ his health. 答案： at the cost of I think nothing is more meaningful than helping the sick and saving lives. 我决定没有什么比帮助病人和挽救生命更有意义的了。 【用法讲解】 sick为形容词，译为“生病的、恶心的”；sick还可表示“厌恶、恶心、炫酷”或用来强调某事的程度非常深。 Eg: The sick woman moaned in pain. 那个生病的女人正在痛苦地呻吟。 That movie was sick funny. 那部电影非常有趣。 The smell makes me sick. 这气味使我感到恶心。 That new song is so sick. 那首新歌太酷了。 【常见搭配】 feel sick 感到不舒服 Be sick of ... 厌恶... Eg: I feel sick today. 我今天感觉不舒服。 I’m sick of this job. 我厌恶这份工作。 【易混辨析】 ill和sick区别 ill “有病的”作表语，不作定语，后接with和from表原因，若ill作定语，表“恶劣的；邪恶的” sick“生病的”在句中作定语，还可表示“呕吐的，恶心的”sick后可用with表原因 Eg: That ill woman killed her own daughter. 那位邪恶的女士杀了她自己的女儿。 My daughter was sick with a cold. 我女儿生病感冒了。 【即学即用】 ( )1. He is _____ today. He wants to ask for ______ leave. sick; sick B. sick; ill C. ill; ill 答案： A But Ms. Fang thinks it is worth it. 但是方夫人觉得它值得。 【用法讲解】 worth为形容词，译为“值得、有价值”；worth还可为名词，译为“价值、财富”。 Eg: The exhibition is worth a visit. 这个展览值得一看。 The painting is worth 1 million yuan. 这幅画值100万元。 The worth of this discovery is immeasurable. 这一发现的价值无法估量。 【常见搭配】 be worth doing sth. 值得做某事 Be worth one’s while 值得某人花时间/精力 For all one is worth 竭尽全力 Eg: The book is worth reading. 这本书值得阅读。 It would be worth your while to attend the seminar. 参加这个研讨会会值得你花时间。 She ran for all she was worth to catch the bus. 她拼命跑着去赶公交车。 【派生词】 worthy为形容词，译为“值得的”。 Eg: This cause is worthy of support. 这项事业值得直冲。 【即学即用】 Is this antique worth _________ (repair)? 答案：repairing I want to be an engineer so that I can help build important things like a high-speed railway. 我想要成为一名工程师为了我可以帮助建造高速公路一样重要的东西。 【用法讲解】 “so that +从句”结构，译为“为了、以便”，相当于in order to或in order that从句，常用来引导目的状语从句。 Eg: I get up early so that I can catch the first bus. = I get up early in order that I can catch the first bus. 我起得早为了能赶上头班车。 【知识拓展】 “so + 形容词/副词 + that从句”结构译为“如此...以至于...”，用来表示因果关系，强调结果或影响；“such + 形容词 + 名词 + that从句”结构也译为“如此...以至于...”，与“so...that...”结构的区别在于是否中间存在名词。 Eg: The movie was so interesting that we didn’t notice the time passing. 电影太有趣了，以至于我们没有注意到时间的流逝。 She was such a clever girl that she could understand. = She was so clever that she could understand. 她是如此聪明的女孩以至于她可以读懂。 注意：如果such后面的名词是由many、much、few、little等修饰的话，则只能用so。 Eg: There are so many books here that I don’t have place to stand. 这有如此多的书以至于我没有站的地方了。 【即学即用】 ( )1. The camera is _______ expensive _______ I can’t afford it. so; that B. such; that C. so; as to D. enough; that ( )2. To my surprise, he could get over ________ difficult problems that he succeeded at last. so many B. such many C. so few D. such few 为了今天能取得更大进步，我每天用更多的时间学习英语。 I spend more time learning English every day ______ _______ I can make greater progress this year. 答案： 1. A; 2. A 3. so that I’m very interested in fashion. 我对时尚非常有兴趣。 【用法讲解】 Interested为形容词，译为“感兴趣的”，常常用来修饰人。 【派生词】 interesting为形容词，译为“使人感兴趣的”，常常用来修饰物； interest为不可数名词，译为“兴趣、利息”；interest也可作动词，译为“使感兴趣”。 Eg: He has interest in photograph. 他对摄影感兴趣。 The bank offers a high interest rate on savings. 银行提供高利率的储蓄。 The new technology interests many people. 新技术引起了很多人的兴趣。 This book is very interesting. 这本书很有趣。 【常见搭配】 take an interest in ... = be interested in ... 对...感兴趣 Show interest in ... 表现出对...的兴趣 Place of interest 名胜 （复数形式places of interest） Eg: She takes an interest in history. = She is interested in history. 她对历史很感兴趣。 He showed interest in learning new languages. 他表现出学习语言的兴趣。 Don’t you think it’s a good place of interest here? 难道你不认为这里是不错的名胜吗？ 【即学即用】 ( )1. The story is _______ and all of us are ________ in it. interesting; interesting B. interesting; interested 答案： B She’s not only willing to work with children but also patient with them. 她不仅愿意和孩子工作也对他们有耐心。 【用法讲解】 willing为形容词，译为“乐意的、愿意的”。 【常见搭配】 be willing to do sth. 愿意做某事 Be willing that 从句（从句的谓语动词必须用原形） 愿意... Eg: I’m willing to look after baby. 我愿意照看这个小孩。 They are willing that the project be completed on time. 他们愿意项目按时完成。 【派生词】 will可为名词，译为“意志、决心、遗嘱”；will也可作助动词，表示将来时态；will也可为情态动词，用来表示意愿、决心、请求等。 Eg: He has a strong will. 他有很强的意志力。 He left a will leaving all his property to his daughter. 他留下遗嘱，将所有财产留给他的女儿。 He will go to America tomorrow. 他明天将要去美国。 I will do it. 我会做这件事。 Will you help me? 你会帮我吗？ 【常见搭配】 against one’s will 违背某人的意愿 Do ... with a will 决心做某事 Do one’s own free will 自愿... Eg: He did it against his will. 他违背自己的意愿做了这件事。 She did her best with a will to succeed. 她决心要成功，因此尽了自己最大的努力。 He donated the money of his won free will. 他自愿捐款。 【即学即用】 她一直愿意帮助她的同事。 She ______ always ________ _______ help her colleagues. 答案：is; willing to How is your personality formed? 你的性格是怎么形成的？ 【用法讲解】 form可作动词，译为“形成、培养、组建”等；form作名词为可数名词，其复数形式为forms，还可译为“表格”。 Eg: Snows forms when water vapor freezes. 当水蒸气冷凝时，雪会形成。 They formed a plan to improve their business. 他们制定了一个提升业务的计划。 The form of the letter is that of an invitation. 这封信的形式就像一张邀请函。 Please fill out a form first. 请先填写申请表格。 【常见搭配】 form a habit 养成习惯 Eg: She formed a habit of going for a run every morning. 她养成了每天早上跑步的习惯。 【派生词】 formal为形容词，译为“正式的”。 Eg: Jeans are not appropriate for a formal party. 正式聚会上穿牛仔裤不合适。 【即学即用】 Clouds _________ (形成) when water vapor condenses. 答案：form The environment, including your education, your experiences as well as the people around you, can change your personality. 环境因素，包括你周围的人，你接受的教育以及你的经历，都会改变你的个性。 【用法讲解】 当“as well as”连接两个主语时，谓语动词的形式要与前面的主语保持一致；as well as后接动词时需用doing形式。 Eg: The teacher, as well as the students, is interested in this new teaching method. 老师以及学生们都对这种新的教学方法感兴趣。 She bought a book as well as a pen. 她买了一本书以及一支钢笔。 The project will bring economic benefits as well as social benefits. 这个项目不但会带来经济效益，还会带来社会效益。 He likes reading as well as playing football. 他喜欢读书以及踢足球。 【即学即用】 ( )1. My sister, as well as her friends, _______ to go shopping on weekends. like B. likes C. liking D. liked 她既会做美味的饭菜，又会烤蛋糕。 She can cook delicious meals ______ ______ ______ bake cakes. 答案： 1. B 2. as well as In other words, a mix of nature and the environment most likely shaped your personality. 换句话说，天性和环境最有可能形成你的个性。 【用法讲解】 mix为动词，译为“混合、融合、调配”；mix还可为名词，译为“混合、混合物”。 Eg: Mix the sugar and flour together in a bowl. 在碗里把糖和面粉混合在一起。 It was a good mix of the old and the new. 这是新旧的完美结合。 【常见搭配】 mix ... with ... 把...和...混合在一起 Eg: I mixed the flour with water to make dough. 我把面粉和水混合在一起做成面团。 【派生词】 mixture为名词，译为“混合液、混合料”。 Eg: The city is a mixture of old and new buildings. 这座城市是新老建筑兼而有之。 Air is a mixture of gases. 空气是气体的混合物。 【即学即用】 Concrete (混凝土) is a ________ (mix) of sand and cement. 答案：mixture Judy pointed out that because of this quality. 因为这种性格朱迪指出那点。 【易混辨析】 because和because of区别 because of是一个短语，用来引导名词或名词短语； Because是一个连词，用来引导句子。 Eg: He couldn’t attend the meeting because of the traffic. 他无法参加会议，因为交通堵塞。 She stayed at home because she was feeling sick. 她待在家里，因为她感到不舒服。 【即学即用】 ( )1. Sorry! I am late _______ the traffic. so B. but C. because D. because of 答案： D I decided to practise as often as I could. 我决定尽可能经常练习。 【用法讲解】 practise在此处为动词，译为“练习”，也可写作practice；practice还可为不可数名词，译为“练习、锻炼”。 Eg: Basketball practice is my favourite part of the day. 篮球训练是我一天中最喜欢的部分。 【常见搭配】 Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。 Practice doing sth. 练习做某事 Eg: She practices playing the piano every day. 她每天练习弹钢琴。 【即学即用】 She practices _________ (speak) English with her friends. 答案： speaking I won’t give up until I find a way to succeed. 我不会放弃直到我找到成功的路。 【用法讲解】 until为介词，译为“到...时、直到...为止”，通常用于描述一个动作或状态持续到某一特定时间点才结束。用于肯定句，表示持续到某一时间点；用于否定句中，与not连用，表示“直到...才”。 Eg: They talked until one o’clock in the morning. 他们一直谈到半夜一点钟。 He didn’t leave the office until he finished his work. 他完成工作才离开了办公室。 【易混辨析】 until与not... until区别 until表示某一动作或状态一直持续到until短语所表示的时间为止； Not... until表示动作在until短语所表示的时间之后才开始发生。 Eg: I will stay here until you come back. 我将待在这里直到你回来。 He didn’t leave the office until he finished his work. 他完成工作才离开了办公室。 【即学即用】 ( )1. I watched the World Cup in a bar and I ______ home ______ 1:00 in the morning. go; until B. didn’t go; until C. went; until D. have gone; until 答案： B What’s more, he is a good team player. 而且，他是一个好的队员。 【用法讲解】 what’s more译为“而且、此外”，通常放在句子的中间或开头，用于引入额外的信息或观点。 Eg: I need to finish this report by tomorrow. What’s more, I have to prepare for a meeting. 我需要在明天之前完成这份报告。此外，我还要准备一个会议。 【即学即用】 她数学很好。而且，她对科学充满热情。 She is good at math. _______ ______, she has a passion for science. 答案：What’s more These abilities allow him to cooperate well with our classmates and teachers. 这些能力允许他和同学以及老师合作融洽。 【用法讲解】 allow为动词，译为“允许”。 Eg: Parents should allow their children more freedom. 父母应该给孩子更多的自由。 【常见搭配】 be allowed to do sth. 被允许做某事 Allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事 Allow doing sth. 允许做某事 Allow for 考虑到、体谅 Eg: She is allowed to watch TV after school. 她放学后被允许看电视。 Please allow me to carry your bag. 请允许我替你拿包。 They allowed smoking in this room only. 他们只允许在这间屋子里吸烟。 We should allow for every possible delay. 我们考虑到任何可能的延误。 【派生词】 allowance为名词，译为“津贴、零用钱”。 Eg: His monthly allowance is 800 yuan. 他每月津贴为800元。 【即学即用】 ( )1. Passengers are not allowed ________ on the plane. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. to smoking 答案：C David is also confident and never afraid to voice his ideas. 大卫也有信心从不害怕表达他的想法。 【用法讲解】 afraid为形容词，译为“害怕的、恐惧的”，在句中常位于be动词后面作表语。 Eg: There’s nothing to be afraid of. 没有什么可害怕的。 【常见搭配】 be afraid of sth./ sb. 对某人/某事感到害怕 Be afraid to do sth. 因害怕而不敢做某事 Be afraid of doing sth. 害怕做某事 Be afraid that 从句 害怕... Be afraid for sb./ sth. 为某人/某事感到担心 Eg: I’m afraid of spiders. 我害怕蜘蛛。 I am afraid to go alone in the dark. 我害怕在黑暗中独自一人。 She is afraid of speaking in public. 她害怕在公众场合讲话。 She is afraid that she will fail the exam. 她担心她会考试不及格。 I am afraid for her safety. 我担心她的安全。 【即学即用】 She is afraid ________ (go) out at night. 答案：to go He thinks he can do things well if he tries his best. 他认为如果他尽全力他可以做好事情。 【用法讲解】 Try为动词，译为“尝试、试图”；try也可为名词，译为“尝试、努力”。 【常见搭配】 try to do sth. 努力做某事 Try doing sth. 尝试做某事 Try ... on 试穿... Try out 试验、试用 Try one’s best to do sth. 尽全力做某事 Have a try 试一试 Eg: He tried to finish the work before the deadline. 他在截止日期前尽力完成工作。 I want to try swimming. 我想尝试游泳。 Can I try on these shoes? 我可以试穿这些鞋子吗？ They are trying out a new software program. 他们正在使用一款新的软件程序。 I will try my best to meet the deadline. 我会尽全力在截至日期前完成。 Why not have a try and see if you can do it? 为什么不试一试看看你能否做到呢？ 【即学即用】 Everyone must try his best __________ (finish) the task on time. 答案：to finish 语法解析 连词 定义： 连词是用来连接单词、短语、从句或句子的词。连词是一种虚词，不能独立担任句子成分，在句子和句子的各种成分中起连接作用。 Eg: Lily likes English but she can’t speak well. 丽丽喜欢英语但是她说得不好。 My father was reading a book when my mum was cooking. 我妈妈在做饭时爸爸在读书。 分类： 并列连词：连接同等成分的词叫并列连词。 同等成分可以是单词、短语、分句或句子。连接两个句子时，构成并列句。 Eg: They like apples and bananas. 他们喜欢苹果和香蕉。 He is Chinese and he is in Class One. 他是中国人他在一班。 从属连词：把从句和主句连接起来的词叫从属连词。 从属连词分为引导名词性从句和副词性从句的连词。 Eg: I think that he is from England. (引导名词性从句） 我觉得他来自英国。 I was late because it rained heavily. （引导副词性从句） 我迟到了因为雨下得很大。 功能 连词的功能就是在句子中起连接作用。它们所连接的成分、成分的数量以及它们在连接成分中的位置方面并不完全相同。 * 连词在连接两个分句时总是置于其中一个分句之首。 Eg: We will go to the park if it doesn’t rain tomorrow. 如果明天不下雨我们将去公园。 * 并列连词and,or和but所连接的分句与前面的分句位置固定，不能调换。 Eg: The factory was opened two years ago and it closed down yesterday. 这个工厂两年前开业昨天倒闭了。 * 使用并列连词and,or和but就不能用其他连词，而从属连词则可以使用。 Eg: She is the woman that I met yesterday and that is from America. (从属连词that前有并列连词and） 她是我昨天见到的女士她来自美国。 并列连词 表示平行关系的连词及短语 平行关系的并列连词使用中要注意连词前后的成分一般是对等的。 Eg: One learns a language by making mistakes and correcting them. 一个人可以通过犯错误和改正错误来学习一门语言。 * and “和”,表并列或顺承关系。 Eg: I am doing homework and he is doing homework, too. 我正在做作业并且他也正在做作业。 * both...and... “两者都...”,连接并列主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 Eg: Both Lily and Lucy are from America. 丽丽和露西都来自美国。 * not only...but also... “不但...而且...”,连接并列主语时，谓语动词的数遵循临近原则。 Eg: Not only you but also he wants to buy this book. 不仅你而且他也想买这本书。 * neither...nor... “两者都不...”,连接并列主语时，谓语动词的数遵循临近原则。 Eg: Neither you nor he likes apples. 你和他都不喜欢苹果。 表转折关系的连词及短语 表转折关系的并列连词在使用中要注意连词前后的成分是对等的，但意义是相反的。 Eg: I don’t have a soccer ball, but my brother does. 我没有足球但是我哥哥有。 * but “但是”，表转折关系 Eg: My father is watching TV but my mother is cooking. 我的爸爸在看电视但我的妈妈在做饭。 * however “然而”,表转折关系 Eg: He was feeling bad. He went to work, however, and tried to concentrate. 他感觉不舒服。但他仍然去上班，并且努力集中精神工作。 表选择关系的连词及短语 表示选择关系的并列连词在使用中要注意连词前后的成分是对等的，但是意思是有所取舍的。 Eg: You may either stay here or go with me. 你可以呆在这儿，也可以跟我去。 * or “或者”，表选择关系 Eg: Do you like apples or pears? 你喜欢苹果还是梨？ * either...or... “或者...或者...”, 连接并列主语时，谓语动词的数遵循临近原则 Eg: Either you or he is right. 不是你对了就是他对了。 表因果关系的连词及短语 表示因果关系的并列连词在使用中要注意连词前后的成分是对等的，但前后两分句一个表示原因，一个表示结果。 Eg: It must be morning now, for birds are singing. 现在一定是早上，因为鸟儿正在唱歌。 * for “因为”，表原因关系 Eg: Mike must be at home, for the light in his room is on. 迈克肯定在家，因为他房间里面的等亮着。 * so “所以”， 表因果关系 Eg: There is so much haze around us, so we should do something to protect the environment. 我们身边有这么多的雾霾，所以我们应该做些事来保护环境。 宾语从句（一） （一）定义：放在动词后面的句子，称为“宾语从句”。 （二）可分为三类：一类是that引导的宾语从句；一类是whether/ if引导的宾语从句；一类是连接代词，连接副词引导的宾语从句。 （三）that引导的宾语从句 1.宾语从句的引导词是that，当谓语动词表示肯定的概念，如“希望”、“相信：”、“知道”或“说”时，后面的句子一般用that引导，that没有任何意义。只有语法功能，目的使读者清楚后面的句子是宾语从句，that可省略。接that引导的宾语从句的动词有：believe, expect, explain, feel, hear, hope, imagine, prefer, promise, report, say, see, tell, think, understand, warn, wish等。 引导that用于下列情况时不可省略： （1）当宾语从句的主语是that时， Eg: He says that that is a useful book. 他说那是一本有用的书。 （2）当从句前有插入语时 Eg: It says, on the card, that it is made in China. 卡片上说，它是中国制造。 （3）当宾语从句中含主从复合句时 Eg: I’m afraid that if you’ve lost it, you must pay for it. 我害怕如果你丢了它，你必须付款。 （4）当两个或多个宾语从句由 并列连词连接时，除第一个从句中的that可省略外，其余从句中的that都不可省略 Eg: He said (that) the film was very interesting and that he enjoyed seeing it very much. 他说电影非常有趣，他非常非常喜欢看它。 2.宾语从句的时态： （1）主句是现在的某种时态，那么宾语从句的时态可根据实际情况而定 Eg: I remember he gave me a book yesterday. 我记得他昨天给我一本书。 He has told me that he’ll leave for New York tomorrow. 他告诉我他明天将动身去纽约。 （2）如果主句是过去的某种时态，宾语从句一定要用过去的某种时态。 Eg: He told me that he would take part in the high jump. 他告诉我他将参加跳高。 （3）宾语从句表客观事实或真理，从句始终用一般现在时 Eg: He told me that the earth is round. 他告诉我地球是圆的。 注意：宾语从句中，当主句主语为第一人称，谓语动词为think, believe, suppose等时，要否定前移。 Eg: I don’t think he is a good student. 我觉得他是不是一个好学生。 写作 话题：Write a letter to recommend a classmate for a position in your class. * 提示：1. I am writing to recommend... for the position of ... ... has all of the qualities to be ... ... is perfect for the position of ... because ... He/She is confident/ friendly/ hard-working/..., so he/ she will... His/ Her personality is perfect/ suitable/ fit/ ... for the position, because... For all of these reasons, I believe that ... is the right choice. I hope that you consider him/ her for the position. * 写作步骤 定文体(记叙文)、人称(第一、三人称)、时态(一般过去时、一般现在时) * 范文： I am writing to recommend Lily for the position of our class monitor. I believe she would be an excellent monitor because she has many qualities suitable for this position. Lily is active and confident. She is never shy to talk with others and isn’t afraid of speaking in front of a large group. This is an important quality for a good monitor. She is also very hard-working. She always finishes her homework on time and often helps classmates with their studies. She has enough time and energy to take on the monitor’s responsibilities. Moreover, Lily is organized. She plans her tasks well and pays attention to every detail when organizing class activities. For example, she helped arrange our last sports meeting, making sure everything went smoothly. I think Lily is the most suitable person to be our monitor. I hope that you consider her for the position.