译林版新版九上英语Unit 2 Teenage Problems 知识清单背诵版+默写版

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译林版新版九上英语Unit 2 Teenage Problems 知识清单默写版目录TOC \o "1-9" \h \u  HYPERLINK \l _Toc7905 一、核心词汇 PAGEREF _Toc7905 \h 2 HYPERLINK \l _Toc25759 二、核心词组 PAGEREF _Toc25759 \h 7 HYPERLINK \l _Toc32004 三、核心语法 PAGEREF _Toc32004 \h 9 HYPERLINK \l _Toc6887 （一）if/whether引导的宾语从句（单元重点，必考易错点） PAGEREF _Toc6887 \h 9 HYPERLINK \l _Toc15256 1. 定义 PAGEREF _Toc15256 \h 9 HYPERLINK \l _Toc18467 2. 详细用法 PAGEREF _Toc18467 \h 9 HYPERLINK \l _Toc32155 3. if与whether的区别（易错点） PAGEREF _Toc32155 \h 9 HYPERLINK \l _Toc5912 4. 易错点总结（必记） PAGEREF _Toc5912 \h 10 HYPERLINK \l _Toc31588 （二）疑问词引导的宾语从句（单元重点） PAGEREF _Toc31588 \h 10 HYPERLINK \l _Toc24812 1. 定义 PAGEREF _Toc24812 \h 10 HYPERLINK \l _Toc19200 2. 详细用法 PAGEREF _Toc19200 \h 11 HYPERLINK \l _Toc1774 3. who与whom的区别 PAGEREF _Toc1774 \h 11 HYPERLINK \l _Toc17943 4. 易错点总结（必记） PAGEREF _Toc17943 \h 11 HYPERLINK \l _Toc19313 四、语法练习 PAGEREF _Toc19313 \h 12 HYPERLINK \l _Toc24527 A. 单项选择 PAGEREF _Toc24527 \h 12 HYPERLINK \l _Toc11936 B. 用所给单词的适当形式填空 PAGEREF _Toc11936 \h 12 HYPERLINK \l _Toc29407 C. 句型转换 PAGEREF _Toc29407 \h 12 HYPERLINK \l _Toc22208 五、书面表达总结 PAGEREF _Toc22208 \h 13 HYPERLINK \l _Toc4405 （一）写作框架梳理（4段式——建议信） PAGEREF _Toc4405 \h 13 HYPERLINK \l _Toc1982 （二）高分词汇/词组积累 PAGEREF _Toc1982 \h 14 HYPERLINK \l _Toc27101 （三）参考范文 PAGEREF _Toc27101 \h 15 HYPERLINK \l _Toc3070 （四）写作模板（万能模板——建议信） PAGEREF _Toc3070 \h 15一、核心词汇1. stress n.精神压力；心理负担；v.(使)焦虑不安，疲惫不堪词形变换：_______________（复数）；_______________（adj.焦虑不安的）；_______________（adj.压力大的）搭配：_______________ stress 在压力之下；stress sb _______________ 使某人极度焦虑；suffer _______________ stress 遭受压力；_______________ stress 管理压力例句：He has been _______________ a lot of stress lately because of the exams.（他最近因为考试压力很大。）2. decision n.决定词形变换：_______________（v.决定）；_______________（adj.坚定的）；_______________（adj.果断的）；_______________（n.决策）搭配：_______________ a decision 做决定；come to a _______________ 达成决定；a difficult _______________ 一个困难的决定；_______________ on 决定，选定例句：It is hard for teenagers to _______________ decisions without their parents' help.（青少年在没有父母帮助的情况下很难做决定。）3. regret vt.懊悔；感到遗憾；n.遗憾；懊悔词形变换：_______________（三单/复数）；_____________（过去式/过去分词）；____________（现在分词）；__________（adj.后悔的）；_____________（adj.令人遗憾的）搭配：regret _______________ sth 后悔做了某事；regret _______________ sth 遗憾地要做某事；have no _______________ 没有遗憾；express _______________ 表达遗憾例句：I always ___________ wasting time on my mobile phone when I still have schoolwork to do.（我总是后悔在做作业的时候还在手机上浪费时间。）4. patience n.耐心词形变换：_______________（adj.耐心的；n.病人）；_______________（adv.耐心地）；_______________（n.不耐烦）搭配：have _______________ 有耐心；_______________ patience 失去耐心；with _______________ 耐心地；be _______________ with 对……有耐心例句：Every time I try talking to my parents, they either _______________ patience or just stick to their own opinions.（每次我试着和父母沟通，他们要么失去耐心，要么坚持自己的看法。）5. suffer vi. & vt.受苦；受难；变差；变糟词形变换：_______________（三单）；_______________（过去式/过去分词）；_______________（现在分词/n.痛苦；苦难）；_______________（n.受难者）搭配：suffer _______________ 遭受；因……受苦；suffer _______________ of 因……而受影响；suffer _______________ 遭受痛苦例句：I do not want my schoolwork to _______________ because of football.（我不想因为足球而让学业受到影响。）6. strict adj.严格的；严厉的词形变换：_______________（adv.严格地）；_______________（n.严格）搭配：be strict _______________ sb 对某人严格；be strict _______________ sth 对某事严格；be strict _______________ 对……要求严格例句：I know my parents love me, but I think they are too _______________ with me.（我知道父母爱我，但我觉得他们对我太严格了。）7. allow vt.允许；准许词形变换：_______________（三单）；_______________（过去式/过去分词）；_______________（现在分词）；_______________（n.津贴；零花钱）搭配：allow sb _______________ do sth 允许某人做某事；be _______________ to do sth 被允许做某事；allow _______________ sth 允许做某事例句：I am never _______________ to eat food my parents think is unhealthy.（我从来不被允许吃父母认为不健康的食物。）8. dialogue n.对话词形变换：_______________（复数）；_______________（美式拼写）搭配：have a _______________ with 与……对话；an honest _______________ 一次坦诚的对话；open a _______________ 开启对话例句：They are not sure how they can have an honest _______________ with their parents.（他们不确定怎样才能与父母进行坦诚的对话。）9. opinion n.意见；看法词形变换：_______________（复数）搭配：_______________ to one's own opinion 坚持自己的意见；in one's ____________ 在某人看来；express one's _____________ 表达看法；opinion about/____________ 关于……的看法例句：They either lose patience or just _______________ to their own opinions.（他们要么失去耐心，要么就坚持自己的看法。）10. careless adj.粗心的；不小心的词形变换：_______________（adv.粗心地）；_______________（n.粗心）；_______________（adj.细心的；反义词）；_______________（adv.仔细地）搭配：be _______________ about 对……不仔细；a _______________ mistake 一个粗心的错误；be _______________ with 对……粗心大意例句：Sometimes I'm _______________ with numbers and make silly mistakes.（有时候我对数字粗心大意，犯愚蠢的错误。）11. choice n.选择词形变换：_______________（复数）；_______________（v.选择，过去式_______________，过去分词_______________）搭配：make a _______________ 做出选择；have no _______________ but to do 别无选择只能做；a wise _______________ 一个明智的选择例句：She has no _______________ but to study harder to catch up with her classmates.（她别无选择，只能更努力地学习以赶上同学。）12. communicate vi. & vt.沟通；交流词形变换：_______________（三单）；___________（过去式/过去分词）；_____________（现在分词）；____________（n.交流；沟通）；___________（adj.善于沟通的）搭配：_______________ with sb 与某人沟通；communicate sth _______________ sb 把某事传达给某人；_______________ skills 沟通技巧例句：It is important to _______________ well with our parents.（与父母好好沟通很重要。）13. argue v.争论；争吵；争辩词形变换：_______________（三单）；_______________（过去式/过去分词）；_______________（现在分词）；_______________（n.争论；论点）搭配：_______________ with sb 与某人争吵；argue _______________/over sth 争论某事；argue _______________ 为……辩护；argue _______________ 反对例句：Amy often _______________ with her best friend about silly little things.（艾米经常和最好的朋友因为琐碎小事争吵。）14. normal adj.正常的；典型的词形变换：_______________（adv.正常地）；_______________（adj.不正常的；反义词）；_______________（v.使正常化）搭配：it is _______________ for sb to do sth 某人做某事是正常的；above/below _______________ 高于/低于正常水平例句：She wonders if this is _______________, so she talks to her mum about it.（她想知道这是否正常，所以和妈妈谈了谈。）15. focused adj.注意力集中的；目标明确的词形变换：_______________（v.集中；n.焦点）；_______________/_______________（复数）；_______________（adj.注意力不集中的）搭配：stay ________ 保持专注；be _________ on 集中注意力于；_________ on 集中于；关注例句：Make sure that you are _______________ when studying.（确保你在学习时注意力集中。）16. rapid adj.快速的；迅速的词形变换：_______________（adv.快速地）；_______________（n.迅速；快速）搭配：_______________ changes 快速的变化；rapid _______________ 快速增长；rapid _______________ 快速发展例句：It is common for teenagers to experience _______________ changes in their bodies.（青少年身体经历快速变化是很常见的。）17. risk v.冒……的风险；冒险做；n.风险；危险词形变换：_______________（三单/复数）；_______________（过去式/过去分词）；_______________（现在分词）；_______________（adj.冒险的；危险的）搭配：risk _______________/doing sth 冒……的风险；at _______________ 处于危险中；_______________ a risk 冒险；run the _______________ of 冒……的风险例句：You do not want to _______________ losing the friendship.（你不想冒失去友谊的风险。）18. ugly adj.丑陋的；难看的词形变换：_______________（比较级）；_______________（最高级）；_______________（n.丑陋）搭配：feel _______________ 觉得自己丑；an _______________ duckling 丑小鸭例句：Many teenagers suffer from skin problems, which make them feel _______________.（很多青少年受皮肤问题困扰，这让他们觉得自己难看。）二、核心词组1. cut back on sth 减少；削减；缩减（某物）用法提示：后接名词或动名词，表示减少某物的数量或程度例句：If you don't want to _______________ reading, you should try to manage your time better.（如果你不想减少阅读的时间，你应该设法更好地管理时间。）2. stick to 坚持；坚守用法提示：后接名词或动名词，表示坚持某种观点、计划或做法例句：They either lose patience or just _______________ their own opinions.（他们要么失去耐心，要么就坚持自己的看法。）3. fall behind 落后；跟不上用法提示：可接in sth表示在某方面落后例句：Now I am _______________ in many of my classes.（现在我的很多科目都落后了。）4. stay up late 熬夜用法提示：stay up表示"不睡觉"，late强调晚例句：I often have to _______________ to finish my schoolwork.（我经常不得不熬夜完成作业。）5. be strict with 对……严格（指人）用法提示：be strict with sb 对某人严格；be strict about sth 对某事严格例句：I think they are too _______________ with me.（我觉得他们对我太严格了。）6. in low spirits 情绪低落用法提示：in high spirits 情绪高涨（反义）例句：You've been _______________ all day. Is everything OK?（你一整天都情绪低落。还好吗？）7. deal with 处理；对付用法提示：后接名词或动名词，表示处理问题、应对困难例句：It is important for teenagers to understand how to _______________ these problems.（青少年理解如何处理这些问题很重要。）8. lose patience 失去耐心用法提示：with sb 对某人失去耐心例句：Every time I try talking to them, they either _______________ or just stick to their own opinions.（每次我试着和他们沟通，他们要么失去耐心，要么就坚持自己的看法。）9. lead to 导致；引起；通向用法提示：后接名词或动名词，表示引起某种结果例句：Staying up late is not a healthy habit and can _______________ big health problems.（熬夜不是健康的习惯，可能导致严重的健康问题。）10. go through 经历；遭受用法提示：后接名词，表示经历困难或痛苦例句：Almost everyone _______________ these problems during teenage years.（几乎每个人在青少年时期都会经历这些问题。）11. get sb down 使某人沮丧；使某人悲伤用法提示：get sb down 侧重情绪上的低落例句：It is very important not to let a bully _______________ you down.（不要因恃强凌弱之人而沮丧，这非常重要。）12. stand up for 支持；维护用法提示：stand up for sb/sth 支持某人/维护某事例句：You should _______________ for yourself when someone bullies you.（当有人欺负你时，你应该为自己挺身而出。）三、核心语法（一）if/whether引导的宾语从句（单元重点，必考易错点）1. 定义当我们要把一个一般疑问句变成宾语从句时，就需要用到if或whether来引导。简单来说，if和whether的意思都是"是否"，它们引导的从句相当于把原来的疑问句"打包"放进主句里，让整个句子变成一个复合句。2. 详细用法★ 主句 + if/whether + 宾语从句（陈述句语序：主语 + 谓语 + 其他）这里要特别留心——if/whether引导的宾语从句必须用陈述句语序，也就是说，从句中主语在谓语前面，不能用疑问句语序（即不能把助动词提前）。这一点是考试中最常考的易错点。让我们来看一个具体的转换过程：原句（一般疑问句）：Is this normal?宾语从句：She wonders if this is normal.注意：this is的顺序不能变成is this！常见主句动词（必记）：ask（问）、see（看）、wonder（想知道）、find out（弄清楚）、know（知道）、want to know（想知道）、not sure（不确定）这些动词或短语后面常常接if/whether引导的宾语从句，其中ask、wonder和not sure是最常考的。3. if与whether的区别（易错点）很多同学觉得if和whether可以完全互换，其实不是这样的。它们有几点重要区别：（1）在正式场合和书面语中，whether比if更常见。比如：The teacher wanted to know _______________ the students were under a lot of stress.（2）whether可以和or not连用，if一般不这样用。比如：I wonder _______________ or not he will come.（3）whether可以放在介词后面，if不能。比如：It depends on _______________ he can come.（4）whether可以引导主语从句、表语从句等，if只能引导宾语从句。4. 易错点总结（必记）易错点1：宾语从句必须用陈述句语序，不能用疑问句语序。❌ I don't know if is he right.✅ I don't know if _______________ _______________ right.易错点2：主句是过去时，宾语从句也要用过去的某种时态（时态呼应）。❌ She asked if he is coming.✅ She asked if he _______________ coming.易错点3：if引导宾语从句时意思是"是否"，和if引导条件状语从句时意思不同，注意区分。宾语从句：I wonder if he will come.（我想知道他是否会来。——if=是否）条件状语从句：If he comes, I will tell you.（如果他来了，我会告诉你。——if=如果）判断方法：看if从句在句中充当什么成分——作宾语就是"是否"，作状语就是"如果"。（二）疑问词引导的宾语从句（单元重点）1. 定义当我们需要把一个特殊疑问句变成宾语从句时，就要用疑问词（连接代词或连接副词）来引导。这些疑问词保留在从句开头，但从句的语序要变成陈述语序——这一点和if/whether引导的宾语从句完全一致。2. 详细用法★ 主句 + 疑问词 + 宾语从句（陈述句语序：主语 + 谓语 + 其他）常见的疑问词包括：连接代词：what（什么）、who（谁，主格）、whom（谁，宾格）、whose（谁的）、which（哪个）连接副词：when（何时）、where（何地）、why（为什么）、how（怎样）有一点很关键——这些疑问词在从句中是充当成分的，不是可有可无的"摆设"。比如what在从句中可以作主语或宾语，when作时间状语，why作原因状语。这也是它们和that的区别：that在从句中不充当任何成分。3. who与whom的区别who是主格，在从句中作主语；whom是宾格，在从句中作宾语（通常在动词或介词之后）。比如：I don't know _______________ is playing the piano next door.（在从句中作主语）Can you guess _______________ my father is talking with?（在从句中作介词with的宾语）注意：在口语中，who常常可以代替whom，但在正式用语和考试中，作宾语时用whom更规范。4. 易错点总结（必记）易错点1：疑问词引导的宾语从句也要用陈述句语序！❌ I don't know why is he crying.✅ I don't know why _______________ _______________ crying.易错点2：特殊疑问句变宾语从句时，要去掉助动词do/does/did，动词要恢复相应时态的形式。❌ Can you tell me where does he live?✅ Can you tell me where _______________ _______________?易错点3：宾语从句的标点符号由主句决定，与从句无关。比如主句是陈述句，整个复合句用句号；主句是一般疑问句，整个复合句用问号。四、语法练习A. 单项选择1. I wonder ______ he will come to the party tomorrow. A. that B. if C. what D. which2. Can you tell me ______ you have finished your homework? A. that B. what C. whether D. how3. I don't know ______ the meeting will start. Can you tell me? A. that B. what C. when D. whether4. She asked me ______ I liked the gift she gave me. A. that B. if C. what D. why5. I don't know ______ he is talking with. Is it his teacher? A. who B. whom C. whose D. which6. No one knows ______ will happen tomorrow. A. that B. if C. what D. whetherB. 用所给单词的适当形式填空1. I wonder if he ______ (come) to school tomorrow.2. She asked whether I ______ (finish) the project already.3. Can you tell me how ______ (get) to the nearest hospital?4. I don't know what ______ (do) next. Can you help me?5. He asked me if I ______ (be) interested in science.6. She wants to know why her friend ______ (look) so sad yesterday.C. 句型转换1. "Does he like playing football?" I want to know. (合并为含宾语从句的复合句) ."Where does she live?" Could you tell me? (合并为含宾语从句的复合句) ."Why did you argue with your friend?" The teacher asked me. (合并为含宾语从句的复合句) .五、书面表达总结（一）写作框架梳理（4段式——建议信）第一段（开头，1-2句）：表明写信目的，引出话题。核心内容：表达对朋友问题的理解，说明写信是为了给出建议。核心句式：① I am sorry to hear that you are having problems with...② I am writing to give you some advice on how to deal with...第二段（中间1，2-3句）：分析问题，表达共情。核心内容：简要分析对方遇到的问题，表达理解和关心。核心句式：① It is common for teenagers to have such problems.② Many teenagers go through similar experiences during this stage.第三段（中间2，3-4句）：提出具体建议。核心内容：给出2-3条具体可行的建议，用first、second、finally等连接。核心句式：① First, you should try to communicate with your parents honestly.② Second, it would be a good idea to manage your time better.③ Finally, don't be afraid to ask for help when you need it.第四段（结尾，1-2句）：鼓励与祝福。核心内容：表达对朋友的鼓励，相信问题能够解决。核心句式：① I hope my advice will be helpful to you.② I believe you can deal with these problems wisely.（二）高分词汇/词组积累高分词汇替换：基础词：worried → 高分替换：stressed out / anxious（焦虑不安的）例句：She is stressed out about the coming exams.基础词：sad → 高分替换：in low spirits / upset（情绪低落的）例句：He has been in low spirits all week.基础词：think → 高分替换：consider / believe（认为）例句：I consider it important to communicate with parents.基础词：talk → 高分替换：communicate / have a dialogue（沟通）例句：You should communicate with your parents honestly.基础词：help → 高分替换：support / offer advice（支持/提供建议）例句：Don't hesitate to ask for support.高分词组：① deal with problems wisely 明智地处理问题② be under a lot of stress 承受很大压力③ lose patience with 对……失去耐心④ stick to one's own opinion 坚持自己的意见⑤ cut back on 减少；削减⑥ communicate effectively 有效沟通⑦ stand up for oneself 为自己挺身而出⑧ manage one's time wisely 明智地管理时间（三）参考范文A Letter of Advice about Teenage ProblemsDear friend,I am sorry to hear that you are having problems with your parents. I can understand how you feel, and I am writing to give you some advice.It is common for teenagers to have disagreements with their parents. During this stage of growth, you may feel that your parents are too strict with you and do not allow you to make your own decisions. However, they love you and just want to protect you.First, I suggest you try to have an honest dialogue with your parents. Tell them how you feel calmly instead of arguing with them. Second, it would be a good idea to show them that you are responsible enough to make some decisions by yourself. For example, you can manage your time well and stick to your study plan. Finally, be patient. It takes time for parents to understand that you are growing up.I hope my advice will be helpful. I believe you can deal with these problems wisely. Don't let them get you down!Best wishes,Your friend（四）写作模板（万能模板——建议信）Dear ________,I am sorry to hear that ________（表明对方遇到的问题）. I can understand how you feel, and I am writing to give you some advice.It is common for ________（表达共情：说明这种问题很常见）. However, ________（简要分析问题原因或积极面）.First, I suggest you ________（建议1：具体可行的做法）. Second, it would be a good idea to ________（建议2：另一个具体做法）. Finally, ________（建议3：补充建议或鼓励）.I hope my advice will be helpful. I believe ________（表达对朋友的信心和鼓励）.Best wishes,________（署名）