4.人教版英语选择性必修一课文语法填空及解析学案

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Unit 1 Tu Yuyu Awarded Nbel Prize (Reading and Thinking)
6 Octber 2015
This year's Nbel Prize fr Physilgy r Medicine has been awarded (1) ______ Tu Yuyu (c-winner), (2) ______ research led t the discvery f artemisinin, a crucial new treatment fr malaria. Artemisinin has saved hundreds f thusands f lives, and has led t (3) ______ (imprve) health fr millins f peple. Over 200 millin peple arund the wrld get malaria each year, and abut 600,000 die frm it. Artemisinin has becme a vital part f the treatment fr malaria, and is thught t save 100,000 lives a year in Africa alne.
Tu Yuyu, a (4) ______ (cmmit) and patient scientist, was brn in Ningb, China, n 30 December 1930, and graduated (5) ______ Peking University Medical Schl in 1955. After she graduated, she wrked at the China Academy f Traditinal Chinese Medicine in Beijing. In 1967, the Chinese gvernment (6) ______ (frm) a team f scientists with the bjective f discvering a new treatment fr malaria, and Tu Yuyu was amng the first researchers (7) ______ (chse). In the beginning, Tu Yuyu went t Hainan, where malaria was mre cmmn, (8) ______ (study) malaria patients. In 1969, she became the head f the prject in Beijing, and decided t review ancient Chinese medical texts t find traditinal (9) ______ (btany) treatments fr the disease. Her team examined ver 2,000 ld medical texts, (10) ______ evaluated 280,000 plants fr their medical prperties. Frm their research, they discvered and tested 380 distinct ancient Chinese medical treatments that shwed prmise in the fight (11) ______ malaria.
One medical text frm the furth century suggested (12) ______ (use) the extract frm sweet wrmwd t treat a fever. Tu's team tested a cllectin f (13) ______ (dry) wrmwd leaves but fund n effect. They then tried biling fresh wrmwd, and using the liquid (14) ______ (btain) frm this t treat malaria, but this did nt wrk either. Their prject gt (15) ______ (stick). Hwever, Tu Yuyu wuld nt acknwledge defeat. She analyzed the medical texts again, and (16) ______ chance, she fund ne sentence (17) ______ (suggest) a different way t treat the wrmwd. She cncluded that (18) ______ (bil) the sweet wrmwd apparently destryed its medical prperties. Using a (19) ______ (lw) temperature t draw ut the extract, she fund a substance that wrked. After failing mre than 190 (20) ______ (time), the team finally succeeded in 1971. Tu Yuyu and her team members even insisted (21) ______ testing the medicine n themselves t make sure that it was safe. Later, the medicine was tested n malaria patients, mst f (22) ______ recvered. This medicine, which was called artemisinin, sn became a standard treatment fr malaria.
Accrding t Tu Yuyu, the discvery f artemisinin was (23) ______ team effrt. Upn hearing that she had been awarded the Nbel Prize, she said, "The hnur is nt just mine. There is a team behind me, and all the peple f my cuntry. This success prves the great value f (24) ______ (traditin) Chinese medicine. It is indeed an hnur fr China's scientific research and Chinese medicine (25) ______ (spread) arund the wrld."
课文解析
Unit 1 The Man Wh Changed Our Understanding f the Universe (Using Language)
Albert Einstein, wh is perhaps the greatest scientist in mdern physics, is ften cnsidered ne f the smartest men wh ever lived. He made numerus (1) ______ (cntributin) t the wrld, the mst well-knwn (2) ______ (be) the general thery f relativity and the famus frmula E=mc². Einstein was nt nly a genius; he was a (3) ______ (curage) and kind figure lved by many peple.
This gentle genius was brn in Germany n 14 March 1879. When he was 16, he tried t enter university in Switzerland, (4) ______ failed due t his lw scres in the general part f the entrance exam, (5) ______ btaining exceptinal scres in maths and physics. After studying fr (6) ______ year, he managed t pass the exam, entering university in 1896 and graduating in 1900.
After tw years f lking fr wrk as a teacher, Einstein tk a jb (7) ______ a clerk in the Swiss patent ffice. While (8) ______ (wrk) there, ut f a strng passin fr knwledge, he cntinued t study, earning a dctrate (9) ______ physics in 1905. That same year, (10) ______ was later recrded as a miracle year in science, he published fur extrardinary physics (11) ______ (paper). (12) ______ (fllw) this, he gradually became famus thrughut the wrld as the new Isaac Newtn. After fur years, he was able t quit his jb at the patent ffice and enter research full-time at a university. In 1922, he was awarded the 1921 Nbel Prize fr Physics fr his (13) ______ (explain) f the phtelectric effect.
Circumstances changed in 1933, (14) ______ Hitler came t pwer in Germany. Einstein, wh was Jewish, fund the drs f academic institutins (15) ______ (clse) t him. As a cnsequence, he had t flee Germany. After spending time in Eurpe, he finally tk (16) ______ a psitin as a researcher at the Institute fr Advanced Study in Princetn, USA. Fllwing that, he cntinued t make great (17) ______ (achieve) in physics and mathematics.
T the public, he was seen as a slightly dd-lking (18) ______ kind and funny man. He had a thick mustache and lng white hair, which smetimes std n (19) ______ end as thugh he had just received an electric shck. Althugh he was a genius, he smetimes frgt things, like his friends‘ birthdays. But (20) ______ his peculiarities, he was lved by his friends and neighbrs. There is even a stry abut (21) ______ he helped a little girl wh kncked n his dr and asked fr help (22) ______ her hmewrk. In fact, Einstein ften encuntered peple n the street wh wuld stp him and ask him t help explain things. After many such ccasins, he finally started saying, “Pardn me! Srry! Always I am mistaken (23) ______ Prfessr Einstein!“
On 18 April 1955, it was reprted that Einstein had passed away, and the whle wrld murned the great (24) ______ (lse) f a brilliant scientist.
课文解析
选择性必修一 Unit 2
Unit 2 Smart Hmes t Make Life Easier (Reading and Thinking)
Have yu ever frgtten t lck the dr f yur huse? Or, have yu ever frgtten t switch ff the TV r cmputer? These kinds f things happen t us all the time, waste resurces, (1)______ can smetimes lead t prblems. Hwever, (2)______ the nt-t-distant future, we will be living in smart hmes that will lck the dr fr us (3)______ we are away and remember t switch ff the TV when we frget. These smart hmes will keep us secure, save us energy, and prvide a mre (4)______ (cmfrt) envirnment t live in.
Intelligent Cntrls
Tday, we have t use (5)______ (switch) fr ur lights, knbs fr ur (6)______ (appliance), and remte cntrls fr ur TVs and air cnditiners. In the future, we will be using (7)______ (advance) technlgy every day fr autmatic cntrl f just abut everything in ur hme. The future hme will use (8)______ (integrate) sensrs t tell when yu leave hme each mrning, and then g int an energy-efficient mde all by (9)______ (it). Yu will n lnger have t think abut turning switches n and ff (10)______ (yu). Yur hme will als learn yur daily rutine and (11)______ (prefer), s everything will be ready fr yu when yu get hme each evening. Yur lights will cme n (12)______ instant yu enter the dr alng with yur favurite music r TV prgrammes, and yu will find yur dinner already (13)______ (prepare) fr yu. All cntrls will respnd t vice (14)______ (cmmand), s if yu want t change yur rutine, yu just say alud (15)______ yu want and the hme system will bey.
Regular Health Checks
In additin, yur smart hme (16)______ (mnitr) yur health fr yu every day. Yur bed, fr example, will recrd (17)______ well yu sleep every night. It will als be checking yur bdy weight. If yu start t have sleep r weight prblems, it will send (18)______ warning t yur phne. It will als give yu suggestins (19)______ a healthier diet and hw t sleep better. Smart tilets will be keeping cnstant track f yur health as well. They can warn yu early n if there is smething abnrmal (20)______ if yu have a critical illness, such as cancer, and ptentially save yur life.
N Mre Disasters
Smart hmes will be able t prevent serius damage (21)______ accidents. Fr example, if a water pipe starts leaking, r if there is (22)______ shrt in the electrical wiring, yur smart hme will detect it and prvide yu (23)______ the relevant infrmatin. This way, yu will be able t fix the prblem (24)______ yur hme becmes flded r catches fire.
This smart technlgy is nt a fantasy. Many f these new innvatins are already available and being used in sme hmes. (25)______ this sense, the hme f tmrrw is already the hme f tday. Nevertheless, it will take sme years (26)______ mst new hmes begin t use this new technlgy.
课文解析
Unit 2 Shuld We Fight New Technlgy? (Using Language)
This mrning, I saw the (1)______ (shck) headline: "Passenger Dies When Car Crashes in Driverless Mde". In the article, varius peple said that the public shuld ppse the idea f develping driverless cars. They said that sme advances in technlgy were unnecessary and culd even be dangerus. Hence, we shuld cease (2)______ (accept) technlgy just because it is new. The newspaper reprted that the car cmpany had already aplgized (3)______ the accident, but the families f (4)______ deceased said it was nt enugh. Nevertheless, the cmpany still claimed that mst peple wuld be travelling in driverless cars ne day sn.
On the ne hand, there are many different grups f peple arund the wrld wh live happily in the (5)______ (absent) f new technlgy. Prbably the mst well knwn are the Amish, a grup f Christians (6)______ (live) in rural America. They d nt wn r drive cars, watch TV, r use the Internet. They (7)______ (live) mainly as farmers since the 18th century, and they will prbably be living (8)______ same way in the distant future. They advcate a simple life (9)______ an emphasis n hard wrk, family, and cmmunity. They think that is better than caring (10)______ luxuries r fllwing the lives f the rich and famus. (11)______ culd even be argued that the Amish's quality f life is better (12)______ they live in and appreciate the natural envirnment rather than living in large, (13)______ (pllute) cities.
On the ther hand, new technlgy (14)______ (prvide) peple everywhere with many benefits ver the years. Fr example, the (15)______ (late) weather-tracking cmputer prgrammes give peple lts f warnings abut ptential natural disasters, which saves many lives. Mrever, the Internet has made it pssible fr friends and family (16)______ (keep) in tuch easily even if they are n ppsite sides f the wrld. It has als made (17)______ (find) pprtunities in life much easier, as it allws peple t make (18)______ (large) netwrks f friends thrugh using scial media.
Persnally, I have benefited quite a lt frm (19)______ (technlgy) advances. I fund my career as an AI designer thrugh a scial media netwrk. My health mnitr, (20)______ I wear all the time, has als helped me get int the best shape f my life. Of curse, when new technlgy changes the way we live, it can be a (21)______ (scare) prspect. Nevertheless, I will always lk n the psitive side f change and accept it rather than resist it.
课文解析
选择性必修一 Unit 3
Unit 3 Sarek Natinal Park — Eurpe's Hidden Natural Treasure (Reading and Thinking)
A Summer Where the Sun Never Sleeps
I wake up t the sund f the wind (1)______ (buffet) the clth f my tent. Even thugh the sun is brightly shining, telling (2)______ it is mrning r night is impssible. I'm abve the Arctic Circle, (3)______ in summer the sun never sets. (4)______ (check) my watch, I see that it is 7:30 a.m. I leave my tent and walk ver t the muntain edge. Spreading ut befre me, (5)______ (branch) f the Rapa River flw thrugh the valley belw. I'm in the remte far nrth f Sweden in Sarek Natinal Park, a place with n rads r twns.
A Land f Muntain and Ice
Sarek's muntains used (6)______ (cver) by vast sheets f ice. Arund 9,000 years ag, this ice melted, (7)______ (leave) behind abut 100 glaciers. Sn after, reindeer began t arrive. Fllwing the reindeer (8)______ (be) the Sami peple, wh made this territry their hme. Getting here is quite difficult, s apart (9)______ the Sami very few peple have ever seen Sarek. In 1909, Sarek (10)______ (make) a natinal park in rder t keep the land in its natural state. Thugh the Sami are allwed t cntinue their traditinal way f life in the park, n ne else can live here, and all new develpment is banned (11)______ park bundaries. At the far side f the valley, an ancient Sami cttage is visible. Clse by, there are a few reindeer (12)______ (feed) n grass.
Man at Peace with Nature
Fr hundreds f years, lking after reindeer was a way f life fr the Sami. They used the reindeer's meat fr fd, their bnes fr tls, (13)______ their skin fr making clthes and tents. (14)______ reindeer were always n the mve, the Sami wuld pick up their tents and accmpany them. Tday, mst Sami have huses in villages near Sarek and live a mdern life just like their neighbrs. But every spring, a small number f Sami still fllw their reindeer int the valleys f Sarek, (15)______ (live) in tents r ld cttages and enjying their traditins. I am nt a Sami, but in Sarek I've adpted sme f their habits. Fr example, this mrning my breakfast is flat bread warmed ver a fire, (16)______ (dry) reindeer meat, and sme sweet and sur berries that I fund (17)______ (grw) near my tent.
A Land f Adventure
After breakfast, I pack my bag and set ut again. Since I must carry all f my fd and supplies with me, my bag (18)______ (weigh) abut 30 kilgrams. If tday is anything like yesterday, it will be full f sweat and hard wrk as I hike ver this difficult land t my destinatin n (19)______ ther side f the valley. Hwever, I cannt cmplain. Being in such a beautiful and wild place makes me feel (20)______ (bless) t be alive. Here I am, alne under this brad sky, (21)______ (breathe) the fresh air, and enjying this great adventure. What culd be better?
课文解析
Unit 3 Theme Parks: Fun and Mre Than Fun (Using Language)
Which theme park wuld yu like t visit? There are varius kinds f theme parks, with different parks fr almst everything: fd, culture, science, cartns, mvies, histry, and s n. Sme parks are famus (1)______ having the biggest r lngest rller casters, (2)______ fr shwing famus sights and sunds. Whichever and whatever yu like, there is an incredible theme park that will appeal (3)______ yu.
The theme park yu are prbably mst familiar (4)______ is Disneyland, which can be fund in several parts f the wrld. Disneyland will bring yu int a magical wrld and make yur childhd dreams cme true. Travelling thrugh space, visiting a pirate ship, r meeting an (5)______ (adre) fairytale r cartn character are all pssible at Disneyland. As yu wander arund the fantasy amusement park, yu may see Snw White r Mickey Muse in a parade r even n the street. Of curse, Disneyland als has many (6)______ (excite) rides t amuse yu, frm enrmus swinging ships t (7)______ (scare) free-fall drps. If yu want t have fun and mre than fun, cme t Disneyland!
Dllywd, in the beautiful Smky Muntains in the sutheastern USA, is unique because it shws and celebrates America's traditinal sutheastern culture. Famus cuntry music grups put n (8)______ (perfrm) there all year rund, indrs and utdrs. Peple cme frm all ver America t see (9)______ (skill) wrkers make wd, glass and irn bjects (10)______ the ld-fashined way. Visiting the candy shp and trying sme f the same kind f candy (11)______ American sutherners made 150 years ag (12)______ (be) a rare experience. Riding n the nly steam engine still (13)______ (wrk) in the sutheastern United States is a special treat. And fr thse wh like rides, Dllywd has a superb ld (14)______ (wd) rller caster, Thunderhead. It is wrld-famus fr having the lngest track in the (15)______ (small) space. Cme t Dllywd t have fun (16)______ (learn) all abut America's histrical sutheastern culture.
Chimelng Ocean Kingdm in Zhuhai, China, is ne f the (17)______ (lead) cean-themed parks in the wrld. Here yu can walk under the Whale Shark Aquarium — the wrld's largest — (18)______ see up t 20,000 fish, in additin t a whale shark 68 metres in (19)______ (lng). Watching the dlphin and sea lin shws is (20)______ educatinal and fun. Of curse, yu can als see all kinds f interesting animals, including plar bears. The park has mre rides (21)______ yu can imagine: jin a water fight (22)______ pirates, get turned upside dwn by an exciting rller caster, r get wet in ne f the water rides! Then at night, see the splendid Jurney f Lights Parade and firewrks display. Hungry? The park has plenty f restaurants with (23)______ (taste) fd fr every appetite — yu can even eat while (24)______ (watch) the fish swim by. If it is cean entertainment (25)______ yu are lking fr, cme t Chimelng Ocean Kingdm!
Universal Studis Japan is ne f the best places in the wrld t g t if yu want t experience mvie magic! One f its main (26)______ (highlight) is the Wizarding Wrld f Harry Ptter, (27)______ yu can visit Hgwarts and relive the magic f Harry Ptter films. Minins, Spider-Man, Jurassic Park, and Sesame Street are als featured in its many exciting attractins and rides, which include (28)______ (immerse) 3-D theatres, unique rller-casters, and a lg ride thrugh dinsaur-infested waters. And then when yu get tired, there are many different kinds f restaurants t suit all tastes, (29)______ (feature) classic American fare. If yu want t nt just see — but als tuch, feel, and smell — the wrld f films, this is the place t be.
课文解析
选择性必修一 Unit 4
Unit 4 Listening t Hw Bdies Talk (Reading and Thinking)
We use bth wrds and bdy language t express ur thughts and pinins in ur interactins (1)______ ther peple. We can learn a lt abut what peple are thinking by watching their bdy language. Wrds are imprtant, (2)______ the way peple stand, hld their arms, and mve their hands can als give us infrmatin abut their feelings.
Just like (3)______ (speak) language, bdy language varies frm culture t culture. The crucial thing is using bdy language in a way that is apprpriate t the culture yu are in. Fr example, making eye cntact — lking int smene's eyes — in sme cuntries is a way (4)______ (display) interest. In ther cuntries, (5)______ cntrast, eye cntact is nt always apprved (6)______. Fr example, in many Middle Eastern cuntries, men and wmen are nt scially permitted t make eye cntact. In Japan, it may demnstrate respect (7)______ (lk) dwn when talking t an lder persn.
The gesture fr "OK" has different meanings in different cultures. In Japan, smene wh witnesses anther persn (8)______ (emply) the gesture might think it means mney. In France, a persn encuntering (9)______ identical gesture may interpret it as meaning zer. Hwever, yu shuld avid making this gesture in Brazil and Germany, (10)______ it is nt cnsidered plite.
Even the gestures we use fr "yes" and "n" differ arund the wrld. In many cuntries, shaking ne's head means "n", and ndding means "yes". By (11)______ (cmpare), in Bulgaria and suthern Albania, the gestures have the (12)______ (ppse) meaning. There are als (13)______ (difference) in hw we tuch each ther, hw clse we stand t smene we are talking t, (14)______ hw we act when we meet r part. In cuntries like France and Russia, peple may kiss their friends n the cheek when they meet. Elsewhere, peple favur shaking hands, bwing frm the waist, (15)______ ndding the head when they meet smene else.
Sme gestures seem t have the same meaning everywhere. Placing yur hands tgether and resting them n the side f yur head while clsing yur eyes (16)______ (mean) "sleep". A gd way f saying "I am full" is mving yur hand in circles ver yur stmach after a meal.
Sme bdy language has many different uses. Perhaps the best example is smiling. A smile can help us get (17)______ difficult situatins and find friends in a wrld f strangers. A smile can break (18)______ barriers. We can use a smile t aplgize, t greet smene, t ask fr help, r t start a cnversatin. Experts suggest (19)______ (smile) at yurself in the mirrr t make yurself feel happier and strnger. And if we are feeling dwn r lnely, there is nthing better than seeing the (20)______ (smile) face f a gd friend.
课文解析
Unit 4 Explring Bdy Language (Using Language)
Hw D I Knw My Students?
As an educatr, peple ften ask me hw I knw what is ging n in the minds f my students. Many students are quite shy and (1)______ (willing) t ask questins, s I have t find ther ways t assess (2)______ they understand. I ften watch their bdy language. I can knw (3)______ they are interested r bred by lking at their bdy language. When students are interested in a lessn, they lean frward and lk at me. Peple (4)______ (have) their eyes and muths pen wide are likely t be interested. When a student (5)______ (lk) dwn and avids eye cntact, I knw they may be embarrassed. When students have their arms (6)______ (crss) in frnt f their chests and their legs crssed, they may be angry r afraid. Smetimes I find students with their heads (7)______ (rest) n their arms. They may be tired. Sme students may daydream (8)______ they are lking ut f the windw. Others may have their eyes (9)______ (clse), which culd mean they are tired r nt interested.
Hw D I Knw My Teacher?
It is nt always easy t knw what a teacher is thinking. Hwever, there are sme bdy language clues (10)______ can help yu. When a teacher is happy, he r she may smile and have a warm, pen (11)______ (express). When a teacher is giving a serius lecture, he r she will prbably have a mre serius expressin and make (12)______ (eye) cntact with the students. When a teacher is angry, the face may becme red and the teacher may stare (13)______ the student. When a teacher is wrried, he r she may frwn and lk (14)______ (wrry). When a teacher is tired, he r she may yawn and have a lazy psture. By learning t read bdy language, we can better understand the peple arund us.
Reading Bdy Language in the Wrkplace
Bdy language is als very imprtant in the wrkplace. In a jb interview, (15)______ example, it is imprtant t make a gd first impressin. Yu shuld sit up straight, make eye cntact, and smile (16)______ (apprpriate). This shws that yu are cnfident and (17)______ (prfessin). When yu are in a meeting, yu shuld avid crssing yur arms, (18)______ this can make yu seem defensive. Instead, yu shuld keep yur arms pen and lean frward slightly t shw that yu are engaged. If yu are giving a presentatin, yu shuld use hand gestures (19)______ (emphasize) yur pints and keep yur bdy pen t the audience. By paying attentin t yur wn bdy language and the bdy language f thers, yu can imprve yur (20)______ (cmmunicate) skills and build better relatinships.
课文解析
选择性必修一 Unit 5
Unit 5 A Pineer fr All Peple (Reading and Thinking)
Yuan Lngping, knwn as the "father f hybrid rice", is ne f China's mst famus scientists. Yet, he cnsiders himself a farmer because he cntinually wrks (1)______ land in his research. Indeed, his slim (2)______ strng bdy is just like that f millins f Chinese farmers, (3)______ whm he has devted his life.
Yuan Lngping was brn in 1930 in Beijing. His parents wanted him t pursue a career in science (4)______ medicine. Hwever, (5)______ cncerned him mst was that farmers ften had pr harvests and smetimes even had a serius (6)______ (shrt) f fd t eat. (7)______ (tackle) this crisis, he chse t study agriculture and (8)______ (receive) an educatin at Suthwest Agricultural Cllege in Chngqing.
After graduating in 1953, he wrked as a researcher. Yuan Lngping realized that larger fields were nt the slutin. Instead, farmers needed t bst (9)______ (yield) in the fields they had. (10)______ this culd be dne was a challenging questin at the time. Yuan (11)______ (cnvince) that the answer culd be fund in the (12)______ (create) f hybrid rice. A hybrid is (13)______ crss between tw r mre varieties f a species. One characteristic f hybrids is that they usually attain a higher yield than (14)______ (cnventin) crps. Hwever, (15)______ it was pssible t develp a hybrid f self-pllinating plants such as rice was a matter f great debate. The cmmn (16)______ (assume) then was that it culd nt be dne. Thrugh intense effrt, Yuan vercame enrmus technical difficulties t develp the first hybrid rice (17)______ culd be used fr farming in 1974. This hybrid enabled farmers (18)______ (expand) their utput greatly.
Tday, it is estimated that abut 60 percent f dmestic rice cnsumptin in China (19)______ (cmprise) f crps generated frm Yuan's hybrid strains, and his strains have allwed China's farmers t prduce arund 200 millin tns f rice per year. Yuan's innvatin has helped feed nt just China, (20)______ many ther cuntries that depend n rice as well, such as India and Vietnam. Because f his invaluable (21)______ (cntribute), Yuan Lngping has received numerus awards bth in China and abrad.
(22)______ (give) that Yuan's hybrids have made him quite wealthy, ne might think he wuld retire t a life f leisure. Hwever, this is far frm (23)______ case. Deep dwn, Yuan is still very much a farmer at heart. As a man f the sil, he cares little fr celebrity (24)______ mney. Instead, he makes large (25)______ (dnatin) t supprt agricultural research.
What impresses peple mst abut Yuan Lngping is his nging ability t fulfill his dreams. Lng ag, he envisined rice plants as tall as srghum, (26)______ each ear f rice as big as a brm, and each grain f rice as huge as a peanut. He succeeded in prducing a kind f rice that culd feed mre peple at hme and abrad. His latest visin fr "seawater rice" has als becme (27)______ reality, and ptentially pened up nearly ne millin square kilmetres f (28)______ (salt) land in China fr rice prductin. Despite his (29)______ (advance) years, Yuan Lngping is still yung at heart and full f visin, and everyne is waiting t see (30)______ he will dream up next.
课文解析
Unit 5 Chemical Versus Organic Farming (Reading fr Writing)
Chemical pesticides and artificial fertilizers have been (1)______ widespread use in farming since the middle f the 20th century. When they were first intrduced, many farmers welcmed them as a great way (2)______ (fight) crp disease and increase prductin. Over time, hwever, (3)______ sme scientists have fund is that their lng-term use can smetimes harm bth the land and peple's health.
Fr example, pesticides can damage the land by killing nt nly harmful bacteria and insects, but als (4)______ (help) nes. In additin, these chemicals can stay in the sil and undergrund water surces fr a lng time. This affects the crps grwn n the land and, (5)______ turn, the animals and humans wh digest them. Many peple wrry that these chemicals may make them ill and even cause cancer. In fact, sme pesticides like DDT (6)______ (prhibit) in mst cuntries because f the damage they cause (7)______ peple and the envirnment. As (8)______ chemical fertilizers, crps grwn with them usually grw t fast t be rich in nutritin. They may lk beautiful n the utside, but inside there is usually mre water (9)______ essential minerals, and they ften have less flavur as well.
As an alternative, sme farmers have switched (10)______ rganic farming, and many custmers have turned t rganic fd when they shp at the lcal grcery. Organic farming is simply farming (11)______ using any chemicals. Organic farmers fcus n (12)______ (keep) their sil rich and free f disease thrugh natural means. Fr example, many rganic farmers use natural waste frm animals as fertilizer. This makes the sil in their fields richer in minerals. It als keeps the air, sil, water, and crps free f chemicals.
Organic farmers als use many ther methds t prduce rich sil. They ften change the kind f crp (13)______ (grw) in each field every year. Fr instance, they may grw crn r wheat in a field ne year, and then grw beans there the next. Why different crps are grwn is (14)______ they put imprtant minerals back int the grund, making (15)______ ready again fr the next batch f crps. Organic farmers als plant diverse crps that use different (16)______ (depth) f sil t help keep it rich. Fr example, peanuts grw n the grund's surface, (17)______ many ther vegetables put dwn deep rts. The gal f using different rganic farming methds is t grw gd fd while (18)______ (avid) damage t the envirnment r t peple's health.
Sme peple wuld prefer t stp the use f man-made chemicals in agriculture entirely. (19)______ keeps them frm ding s is the fact that chemical farming (20)______ (serve) the high demand fr fd arund the wrld. Organic farming is nwhere near able (21)______ (meet) that need. Therefre, there is still a lng way (22)______ (find) a suitable slutin that puts sufficient fd n the dinner table while keeping peple and the envirnment as (23)______ (health) as pssible.
课文解析
题号
考点类别
答案
详细解析
(1)
介词（固定搭配）
t
be awarded t sb.为固定搭配，意为“被授予给某人”。
(2)
定语从句（关系代词）
whse
引导非限制性定语从句，whse在从句中作research的定语。
(3)
词性转换（动→名词）
imprved
此处需要形容词修饰health，imprved表示“改善的”。
(4)
词性转换（动→形容词）
cmmitted
cmmitted表示“坚定的、投入的”，修饰scientist。
(5)
介词（固定搭配）
frm
graduate frm为固定搭配，意为“毕业于”。
(6)
动词时态（一般过去时）
frmed
叙述1967年发生的事件，用一般过去时。
(7)
非谓语动词（不定式被动）
t be chsen
the first researchers t be chsen表示“第一批被选中的研究人员”。
(8)
非谓语动词（不定式）
t study
went t Hainan t study malaria patients，不定式作目的状语。
(9)
词性转换（名→形容词）
btanical
修饰treatments，表示“植物学的/草本的”。
(10)
连词（并列）
and
连接examined和evaluated两个并列谓语动词。
(11)
介词（固定搭配）
against
the fight against malaria表示“对抗疟疾的斗争”。
(12)
非谓语动词（动名词）
using
suggested ding sth.为固定搭配，意为“建议做某事”。
(13)
词性转换（动→形容词）
dried
dried wrmwd leaves表示“干的艾草叶”。
(14)
非谓语动词（过去分词）
btained
the liquid btained frm this，过去分词短语作定语。
(15)
非谓语动词（过去分词）
stuck
gt stuck表示“陷入困境”，stuck作表语。
(16)
介词（固定搭配）
by
by chance为固定搭配，意为“偶然地”。
(17)
非谓语动词（现在分词）
suggesting
ne sentence suggesting...，现在分词作定语。
(18)
非谓语动词（动名词）
biling
动名词作主语，表示“煮沸”这个行为。
(19)
形容词比较级
lwer
a lwer temperature表示“更低的温度”。
(20)
名词复数
times
190 times表示“190次”。
(21)
介词（固定搭配）
n
insist n ding sth.为固定搭配，意为“坚持做某事”。
(22)
定语从句（介词+关系代词）
whm
mst f whm引导非限制性定语从句，指代patients。
(23)
冠词（泛指）
a
a team effrt表示“一次团队努力”。
(24)
词性转换（名→形容词）
traditinal
traditinal Chinese medicine表示“传统中医”。
(25)
非谓语动词（不定式被动）
t be spread
be spread arund the wrld，不定式被动式作状语。
题号
考点类别
答案
详细解析
(1)
名词复数
cntributins
numerus cntributins表示“众多贡献”，用复数。
(2)
非谓语动词（动名词）
being
the mst well-knwn being...为独立主格结构。
(3)
词性转换（名→形容词）
curageus
修饰figure，表示“勇敢的”。
(4)
连词（转折）
but
“尝试进入大学”与“失败”为转折关系。
(5)
介词（让步）
despite
despite表示“尽管”，后接动名词短语。
(6)
冠词（泛指）
anther
anther year表示“又一年”。
(7)
介词（作为）
as
tk a jb as a clerk表示“找了份文员的工作”。
(8)
非谓语动词（现在分词）
wrking
while wrking there为状语从句省略，表示“工作时”。
(9)
介词（领域）
in
a dctrate in physics表示“物理学博士学位”。
(10)
定语从句（关系代词）
which
引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前面整个句子。
(11)
名词复数
papers
physics papers表示“物理学论文”。
(12)
非谓语动词（现在分词）
Fllwing
fllwing this表示“在这之后”，首字母大写。
(13)
词性转换（动→名词）
explanatin
形容词性物主代词his后接名词。
(14)
定语从句（关系副词）
when
引导非限制性定语从句修饰1933。
(15)
非谓语动词（过去分词）
clsed
fund the drs clsed表示“发现门被关闭”。
(16)
副词（固定搭配）
up
tk up a psitin表示“开始担任职位”。
(17)
名词复数
achievements
great achievements表示“伟大成就”。
(18)
连词（转折）
but
“长相古怪”与“善良有趣”为转折关系。
(19)
介词（固定搭配）
end
std n end为固定搭配，意为“竖起来”。
(20)
介词（让步）
despite
despite his peculiarities表示“尽管他有怪癖”。
(21)
从句连接词（宾语从句）
hw
abut hw he helped...表示“关于他如何帮助”。
(22)
介词（固定搭配）
with
help with sth.为固定搭配，意为“帮助做某事”。
(23)
介词（固定搭配）
fr
be mistaken fr为固定搭配，意为“被误认为”。
(24)
词性转换（动→名词）
lss
the great lss表示“巨大的损失”。
题号
考点类别
答案
详细解析
(1)
连词（并列/递进）
and
连接happen, waste, can lead三个并列谓语，表示递进关系。
(2)
介词（时间）
in
in the nt-t-distant future表示“在不久的将来”。
(3)
连词（时间）
when
引导时间状语从句，表示“当我们不在家时”。
(4)
词性转换（名→形容词）
cmfrtable
修饰envirnment，表示“舒适的”。
(5)
名词复数
switches
switches fr ur lights表示“电灯开关”。
(6)
名词复数
appliances
appliances表示“家用电器”，用复数。
(7)
词性转换（动→形容词）
advanced
advanced technlgy表示“先进技术”。
(8)
词性转换（动→形容词）
integrated
integrated sensrs表示“集成传感器”。
(9)
代词（反身代词）
itself
by itself表示“自动地、独自地”。
(10)
代词（反身代词）
yurself
与主语yu呼应，表示“你自己”。
(11)
名词复数
preferences
与rutine并列，表示“偏好”。
(12)
冠词（固定搭配）
the
the instant为连词，意为“一……就……”。
(13)
非谓语动词（过去分词）
prepared
find yur dinner already prepared，过去分词作宾补。
(14)
名词复数
cmmands
vice cmmands表示“语音指令”。
(15)
从句连接词（宾语从句）
what
作say的宾语，what在从句中作want的宾语。
(16)
动词时态（将来进行时）
will be mnitring
表示将来持续进行的动作。
(17)
从句连接词（宾语从句）
hw
recrd hw well yu sleep表示“记录你睡得有多好”。
(18)
冠词（泛指）
a
a warning表示“一条警告”。
(19)
介词（方面）
n
suggestins n...表示“关于……的建议”。
(20)
连词（选择）
r
smething abnrmal r...表示“异常情况或……”。
(21)
介词（防止）
frm
prevent damage frm accidents表示“防止事故造成的损害”。
(22)
冠词（固定搭配）
a
a shrt in the wiring表示“线路短路”。
(23)
介词（固定搭配）
with
prvide sb. with sth.为固定搭配，意为“向某人提供某物”。
(24)
连词（时间）
befre
befre yur hme becmes flded表示“在房子被淹之前”。
(25)
介词（固定搭配）
In
in this sense为固定搭配，意为“从这个意义上说”。
(26)
连词（时间）
befre
it will take sme years befre...表示“要过几年才……”。
题号
考点类别
答案
详细解析
(1)
词性转换（动→形容词）
shcking
修饰headline，表示“令人震惊的”，-ing结尾修饰物。
(2)
非谓语动词（动名词）
accepting
cease ding sth.为固定搭配，意为“停止做某事”。
(3)
介词（固定搭配）
fr
aplgize fr为固定搭配，意为“为……道歉”。
(4)
冠词（特指）
the
the deceased表示“逝者”，the + 形容词表示一类人。
(5)
词性转换（形→名词）
absence
in the absence f为固定搭配，意为“在缺乏……的情况下”。
(6)
非谓语动词（现在分词）
living
a grup f Christians living...，现在分词作定语。
(7)
动词时态（现在完成时）
have lived
since the 18th century与现在完成时连用。
(8)
冠词（固定搭配）
the
the same way为固定搭配，意为“同样的方式”。
(9)
介词（带有）
with
with an emphasis n表示“强调……”。
(10)
介词（关于）
abut
caring abut表示“关心”。
(11)
形式主语（it）
It
It culd even be argued that...，it作形式主语。
(12)
连词（原因）
since/because
引导原因状语从句。
(13)
词性转换（动→形容词）
plluted
plluted cities表示“被污染的城市”。
(14)
动词时态（现在完成时）
has prvided
ver the years与现在完成时连用。
(15)
形容词最高级
latest
the latest表示“最新的”。
(16)
非谓语动词（不定式）
t keep
make it pssible fr sb. t d sth.，不定式作真正宾语。
(17)
非谓语动词（动名词）
finding
动名词短语作made的宾语，表示“寻找机会”。
(18)
形容词比较级
larger
larger netwrks表示“更大的网络”。
(19)
词性转换（名→形容词）
technlgical
technlgical advances表示“技术进步”。
(20)
定语从句（关系代词）
which
引导非限制性定语从句，修饰mnitr。
(21)
词性转换（动→形容词）
scary
a scary prspect表示“一个可怕的前景”。
题号
考点类别
答案
详细解析
(1)
非谓语动词（现在分词）
buffeting
the sund f the wind buffeting...，现在分词作定语，表示“风拍打帐篷的声音”。
(2)
连词（选择）
whether
表示“是……还是……”，此处作telling的宾语从句。
(3)
定语从句（关系副词）
where
引导非限制性定语从句修饰the Arctic Circle，在从句中作地点状语。
(4)
非谓语动词（现在分词）
Checking
现在分词作时间状语，表示“查看手表时”，首字母大写。
(5)
名词复数
branches
branches f the Rapa River表示“Rapa河的支流”，用复数。
(6)
非谓语动词（不定式被动）
t be cvered
used t be cvered表示“过去曾被覆盖”，与by构成被动关系。
(7)
非谓语动词（现在分词）
leaving
现在分词作结果状语，表示“留下了约100条冰川”。
(8)
动词时态（倒装/主谓一致）
were
Fllwing the reindeer were the Sami peple为倒装句，主语为the Sami peple，谓语用复数。
(9)
介词（固定搭配）
frm
apart frm为固定搭配，意为“除了”。
(10)
动词时态语态（一般过去时被动）
was made
Sarek与make为被动关系，表示“被设为国家公园”。
(11)
介词（范围）
within
within park bundaries表示“在公园边界内”。
(12)
非谓语动词（现在分词）
feeding
reindeer feeding n grass表示“正在吃草的驯鹿”，现在分词作定语。
(13)
连词（并列）
and
连接meat, bnes, skin三个并列名词。
(14)
连词（原因）
Because/Since
引导原因状语从句，表示“因为驯鹿总是在移动”。
(15)
非谓语动词（现在分词）
living
现在分词作伴随状语，与enjying并列。
(16)
词性转换（动→形容词）
dried
dried reindeer meat表示“风干的驯鹿肉”。
(17)
非谓语动词（现在分词）
grwing
berries that I fund grwing...，现在分词作宾补。
(18)
动词时态（一般现在时）
weighs
描述客观事实，my bag为三单。
(19)
冠词（特指）
the
n the ther side f...为固定搭配，意为“在……的另一边”。
(20)
词性转换（名→形容词）
blessed
feel blessed表示“感到幸运的”。
(21)
非谓语动词（现在分词）
breathing
与enjying并列作伴随状语。
题号
考点类别
答案
详细解析
(1)
介词（固定搭配）
fr
be famus fr为固定搭配，意为“因……而著名”。
(2)
代词（不定代词）
thers
为固定结构，意为“一些……另一些……”。
(3)
介词（固定搭配）
t
appeal t为固定搭配，意为“吸引”。
(4)
介词（固定搭配）
with
be familiar with为固定搭配，意为“对……熟悉”。
(5)
词性转换（动→形容词）
adrable
修饰character，表示“可爱的”。
(6)
词性转换（动→形容词）
exciting
修饰rides，表示“令人兴奋的”。
(7)
词性转换（动→形容词）
scary
修饰drps，表示“可怕的”。
(8)
名词复数
perfrmances
put n perfrmances表示“进行表演”。
(9)
词性转换（名→形容词）
skilled
修饰wrkers，表示“熟练的”。
(10)
介词（方式）
in
in the ld-fashined way表示“以老式的方式”。
(11)
定语从句（关系代词）
that
引导定语从句修饰candy，在从句中作made的宾语。
(12)
动词时态（主谓一致）
is
动名词短语 trying...作主语，谓语用单数。
(13)
非谓语动词（现在分词）
wrking
the nly steam engine still wrking，现在分词作定语。
(14)
词性转换（名→形容词）
wden
修饰rller caster，表示“木制的”。
(15)
形容词最高级
smallest
in the smallest space表示“在最小的空间里”。
(16)
非谓语动词（动名词）
learning
have fun ding sth.为固定搭配。
(17)
形容词最高级
leading
ne f the leading表示“领先的之一”。
(18)
连词（并列）
and
连接walk和see两个并列动词。
(19)
词性转换（形→名词）
length
in length表示“在长度上”。
(20)
连词（并列）
bth
为固定搭配，表示“既……又……”。
(21)
连词（比较）
than
为比较结构。
(22)
介词（对抗）
against
fight against表示“与……战斗”。
(23)
词性转换（动→形容词）
tasty
修饰fd，表示“美味的”。
(24)
非谓语动词（现在分词）
watching
while watching为状语从句省略，表示“观看时”。
(25)
从句连接词（强调句型）
that
It 为强调句型。
(26)
名词复数
highlights
main highlights表示“主要亮点”。
(27)
定语从句（关系副词）
where
引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作地点状语。
(28)
词性转换（动→形容词）
immersive
immersive 3-D theatres表示“沉浸式3D影院”。
(29)
非谓语动词（现在分词）
featuring
featuring classic American fare，现在分词作定语。
题号
考点类别
答案
详细解析
(1)
介词（固定搭配）
with
interactins with thers表示“与他人的互动”。
(2)
连词（转折）
but
“言语重要”与“肢体语言也传递信息”为转折关系。
(3)
词性转换（动→形容词）
spken
spken language表示“口头语言”。
(4)
非谓语动词（不定式）
t display
a way t display interest，不定式作定语。
(5)
介词（固定搭配）
by
by cntrast为固定搭配，意为“相比之下”。
(6)
介词（固定搭配）
f
apprve f为固定搭配，意为“赞同”。
(7)
非谓语动词（不定式）
t lk
demnstrate respect t lk dwn，不定式作方面状语。
(8)
非谓语动词（现在分词）
emplying
witness sb. ding sth.表示“目睹某人正在做某事”。
(9)
冠词（泛指）
an
an identical gesture，identical以元音音素开头。
(10)
连词（原因）
as/because
引导原因状语从句。
(11)
词性转换（动→名词）
cmparisn
by cmparisn为固定搭配，意为“相比之下”。
(12)
词性转换（动→形容词）
ppsite
ppsite meaning表示“相反的意思”。
(13)
名词复数
differences
there are als differences表示“也有不同”。
(14)
连词（并列）
and
连接hw we tuch, hw clse we stand, hw we act三个并列结构。
(15)
连词（并列）
r
列举不同的见面方式。
(16)
动词时态（主谓一致）
means
动名词短语作主语，谓语用单数。
(17)
介词（穿过）
thrugh
get thrugh difficult situatins表示“度过困难局面”。
(18)
副词（固定搭配）
dwn
break dwn barriers表示“打破隔阂”。
(19)
非谓语动词（动名词）
smiling
suggest ding sth.为固定搭配。
(20)
词性转换（动→形容词）
smiling
smiling face表示“微笑的脸”。
题号
考点类别
答案
详细解析
(1)
词性转换（加否定前缀）
unwilling
unwilling t ask questins表示“不愿意提问”。
(2)
从句连接词（宾语从句）
whether
whether引导宾语从句，表示“是否”。
(3)
从句连接词（宾语从句）
whether
表示“是……还是……”。
(4)
非谓语动词（现在分词）
having
Peple having their eyes and muths pen wide，现在分词作定语。
(5)
动词时态（主谓一致）
lks
描述一般情况，主语a student为三单。
(6)
非谓语动词（过去分词）
crssed
have their arms crssed表示“双臂交叉”，have sth. dne结构。
(7)
非谓语动词（现在分词）
resting
with their heads resting n their arms，现在分词作宾补。
(8)
连词（时间）
while
while they are lking...，引导时间状语从句。
(9)
非谓语动词（过去分词）
clsed
have their eyes clsed表示“闭着眼睛”。
(10)
定语从句（关系代词）
that/which
引导定语从句修饰clues，在从句中作主语。
(11)
词性转换（动→名词）
expressin
a warm, pen expressin表示“温暖、开放的表情”。
(12)
名词复数
eye
eye cntact为固定搭配，不加复数。
(13)
介词（固定搭配）
at
stare at为固定搭配，意为“盯着看”。
(14)
词性转换（动→形容词）
wrried
lk wrried表示“看起来很担心”，修饰人用-ed。
(15)
介词（固定搭配）
fr
fr example为固定搭配，意为“例如”。
(16)
词性转换（形→副词）
apprpriately
修饰smile，表示“恰当地”。
(17)
词性转换（名→形容词）
prfessinal
与cnfident并列作表语。
(18)
连词（原因）
because
引导原因状语从句。
(19)
非谓语动词（不定式）
t emphasize
不定式作目的状语。
(20)
词性转换（动→名词）
cmmunicatin
cmmunicatin skills表示“沟通技巧”。
题号
考点类别
答案
详细解析
(1)
冠词（特指）
the
wrk the land为固定表达，意为“耕作土地”。
(2)
连词（转折/并列）
but
“瘦削”与“强壮”为转折关系，连接两个形容词。
(3)
定语从句（介词+关系代词）
t
devte ne's life t sb.为固定搭配，t whm引导定语从句。
(4)
连词（选择）
r
a career in science r medicine表示“科学或医学职业”。
(5)
从句连接词（主语从句）
what
what引导主语从句，在从句中作主语。
(6)
词性转换（形→名词）
shrtage
a serius shrtage f fd表示“严重的食物短缺”。
(7)
非谓语动词（不定式）
T tackle
不定式作目的状语，意为“为了解决这场危机”。
(8)
动词时态（一般过去时）
received
与chse并列，叙述过去动作。
(9)
名词复数
yields
bst yields表示“提高产量”。
(10)
从句连接词（主语从句）
Hw
hw引导主语从句，表示“如何”。
(11)
动词时态语态（一般过去时被动）
was cnvinced
Yuan与cnvince为被动关系，表示“被说服/坚信”。
(12)
词性转换（动→名词）
creatin
the creatin f hybrid rice表示“杂交水稻的创造”。
(13)
冠词（泛指）
a
a crss表示“一种杂交”。
(14)
词性转换（名→形容词）
cnventinal
cnventinal crps表示“传统作物”。
(15)
连词（是否）
whether
whether引导主语从句，表示“是否”。
(16)
词性转换（动→名词）
assumptin
the cmmn assumptin表示“普遍的假设”。
(17)
定语从句（关系代词）
that
引导定语从句修饰rice，在从句中作主语。
(18)
非谓语动词（不定式）
t expand
enable sb. t d sth.为固定搭配。
(19)
动词时态语态（一般现在时被动）
is cmprised
be cmprised f为固定搭配，意为“由……组成”。
(20)
连词（固定搭配）
but
nt 为固定搭配，意为“不仅……而且……”。
(21)
词性转换（动→名词）
cntributins
invaluable cntributins表示“宝贵的贡献”。
(22)
非谓语动词（过去分词）
Given
given that为固定搭配，意为“鉴于”，首字母大写。
(23)
冠词（固定搭配）
the
far frm the case为固定表达，意为“远非如此”。
(24)
连词（并列）
r
cares little fr celebrity r mney表示“不在乎名利”。
(25)
名词复数
dnatins
makes large dnatins表示“做大量捐赠”。
(26)
介词（具有）
with
with each ear f rice...为with复合结构。
(27)
冠词（泛指）
a
becme a reality表示“成为现实”。
(28)
词性转换（名→形容词）
salty
salty land表示“盐碱地”。
(29)
词性转换（动→形容词）
advanced
advanced years表示“年事已高”。
(30)
从句连接词（宾语从句）
what
see what he will dream up next表示“看他接下来会想出什么”。
题号
考点类别
答案
详细解析
(1)
介词（固定搭配）
in
in widespread use为固定搭配，意为“被广泛使用”。
(2)
非谓语动词（不定式）
t fight
a way t fight crp disease，不定式作定语。
(3)
从句连接词（主语从句）
what
what引导主语从句，在从句中作fund的宾语。
(4)
词性转换（动→形容词）
helpful
与harmful相对，表示“有益的”。
(5)
介词（固定搭配）
in
in turn为固定搭配，意为“反过来”。
(6)
动词时态语态（现在完成时被动）
have been prhibited
DDT与prhibit为被动关系，表示“已被禁止”。
(7)
介词（固定搭配）
t
cause damage t为固定搭配，意为“对……造成损害”。
(8)
介词（关于）
fr
as fr为固定搭配，意为“至于”。
(9)
连词（比较）
than
mre water than essential minerals，比较结构。
(10)
介词（转用）
t
switch t为固定搭配，意为“转向”。
(11)
介词（方式）
withut
withut using any chemicals表示“不使用任何化学品”。
(12)
非谓语动词（动名词）
keeping
fcus n ding sth.为固定搭配。
(13)
非谓语动词（过去分词）
grwn
crp grwn in each field，过去分词作定语。
(14)
从句连接词（表语从句）
because
because...表示“为什么……是因为……”。
(15)
代词（it）
it
making it ready中的it指代the grund。
(16)
名词复数
depths
different depths f sil表示“不同深度的土壤”。
(17)
连词（转折）
but
“花生在地表生长”与“其他蔬菜扎根很深”为转折关系。
(18)
非谓语动词（动名词）
aviding
while aviding为现在分词作状语。
(19)
从句连接词（主语从句）
What
what引导主语从句，在从句中作主语。
(20)
动词时态（一般现在时）
serves
serves the high demand表示“满足高需求”。
(21)
非谓语动词（不定式）
t meet
able t meet为固定搭配，意为“能够满足”。
(22)
非谓语动词（不定式）
t find
a lng way t find表示“一段很长的路要寻找”。
(23)
词性转换（名→形容词）
healthy
as healthy as pssible表示“尽可能健康的”。