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译林版新版九上英语Unit 8 The World Of Literature 知识清单背诵版+默写版
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译林版九上英语Unit 8 The world of literature
知识清单(默写版)
目录
TOC \o "1-2" \h \u
HYPERLINK \l _Toc27434 一、核心词汇 PAGEREF _Toc27434 \h 2
HYPERLINK \l _Toc16498 二、核心词组 PAGEREF _Toc16498 \h 7
HYPERLINK \l _Toc6455 三、核心语法 PAGEREF _Toc6455 \h 9
HYPERLINK \l _Toc13342 (一)if引导的条件状语从句(必考易错点) PAGEREF _Toc13342 \h 9
HYPERLINK \l _Toc13541 (二)unless引导的条件状语从句(单元重点) PAGEREF _Toc13541 \h 10
HYPERLINK \l _Toc25165 (三)语法练习 PAGEREF _Toc25165 \h 12
HYPERLINK \l _Toc7754 四、单元书面表达总结 PAGEREF _Toc7754 \h 13
HYPERLINK \l _Toc25443 (一)写作框架梳理(4段式) PAGEREF _Toc25443 \h 13
HYPERLINK \l _Toc6107 (二)高分词汇/词组积累 PAGEREF _Toc6107 \h 14
HYPERLINK \l _Toc25179 (三)参考范文 PAGEREF _Toc25179 \h 15
HYPERLINK \l _Toc12695 (四)写作模板(万能模板) PAGEREF _Toc12695 \h 15
一、核心词汇
1. literature n.文学;文学作品
词形变换:形容词形式 ________(文学的)
搭配:world of ________ 文学世界;classic ________ 经典文学;English________英国文学;________ review 文献综述
例句:________ is the textbook of human life.(文学是人类生活的教科书。)
2. poem n.诗;诗歌
词形变换:复数 ________;名词形式 ________(诗歌,总称);名词形式 ______(诗人)
搭配:write a ________ 写一首诗;read a ________ 读诗;a ________ by Li Bai 李白的一首诗;love ________ 爱情诗
例句:________ often have lovely language, but sometimes they are hard to understand.
(诗歌往往有优美的语言,但有时很难理解。)
3. novel n.(长篇)小说;adj. 新颖的
词形变换:复数 ________;名词形式 ________(小说家)
搭配:a ________ by... ……的小说;historical ________历史小说;write a ________ 写小说;best-selling________ 畅销小说
例句:A Dream of Red Mansions by Cao Xueqin is one of the greatest Chinese ________.
(曹雪芹的《红楼梦》是最伟大的中国小说之一。)
4. play n.剧本;戏剧;v. 玩;播放
词形变换:复数 ________;名词形式 ________(选手;播放器);________(剧作家)
搭配:a ________ by Shakespeare 莎士比亚的戏剧;act in a ________ 在戏剧中表演;stage a ________ 上演一出戏;________ a role 扮演一个角色
例句:Hamlet by William Shakespeare is one of the world's most famous ________.
(威廉·莎士比亚的《哈姆雷特》是世界上最著名的戏剧之一。)
5. short story n.短篇小说
词形变换:复数 short ________
搭配:write a short ________ 写一篇短篇小说;a short ________ by O. Henry 欧·亨利的一篇短篇小说;collection of short ________ 短篇小说集
例句:A short ________ usually focuses on one event, has a single plot, a single setting, a limited number of characters and covers a short period of time.
(短篇小说通常聚焦于一个事件,有单一情节、单一场景、有限的人物,涵盖的时间也很短。)
6. masterpiece n.杰作;代表作
词形变换:复数 ________
搭配:paint a ________ 画一幅杰作;a literary masterpiece 文学杰作;create a ________创作一件杰作;recognize a ________认出一部杰作
例句:Old Behrman had always talked of painting a ________, but he had yet to start it.
(老贝尔曼总是说要画一幅杰作,但还没开始。)
7. chance n.机会;可能性
词形变换:复数 ________;形容词形式 ________(冒险的,不确定的)
搭配:have a ________ 有机会;by ________ 偶然;take a ________ 冒险;a ________ of doing sth 做某事的可能性;give sb a ________ 给某人一个机会
例句:She has a very small ______, the doctor said to Sue.(医生对苏说:'她的希望很渺茫。')
8. remain vi.剩余;继续存在;逗留;
词形变换:________(三单);________(过去式/过去分词);________(现在分词/形容词,剩余的);名词形式 ________(遗迹;残余)
搭配:________ silent 保持沉默;________ unchanged 保持不变;________ to be seen 还有待观察;the________ time 剩余的时间
例句:After a night of beating rain and wild wind, there was still one dark green leaf ________ on the tree.(经过一夜狂风暴雨之后,树上还有一片深绿色的叶子。)
9. classic adj.最优秀的;典型的;典雅的;n. 经典作品
词形变换:复数 ________(经典作品);名词形式 ________(古典主义);形容词形式 ________(古典的)
搭配:________ example 经典范例;________ novel 经典小说;a ________ of Chinese literature 中国文学的经典;become a ________ 成为经典
例句:The Four Great ________ Novels of Chinese literature are known all over the world.
(中国文学四大名著举世闻名。)
10. against prep.倚,紧靠;以……为背景;反对
搭配:lean ________ the wall 倚靠墙壁;stand ________ the door 靠门站着;________ the law 违法;be ________ 反对;play ________ 与……比赛
例句:An old, old tree grew ________the wall outside the window.
(窗外一棵很老很老的树靠着墙生长。)
11. apartment n.公寓套房
词形变换:复数 ________
搭配:________ building 公寓楼;live in an ________住在公寓里;a small ________一套小公寓;share an ________ 合租公寓
例句:Old Behrman, who lived on the first floor of their ________ building, was also a painter.
(老贝尔曼住在他们公寓楼的一层,他也是一位画家。)
12. widely adv.普遍地;广泛地
词形变换:形容词形式 ________(宽的;广泛的);动词形式 ________(加宽);比较级 more widely;最高级 most widely
搭配:________known 广为人知;________ used 广泛使用;________read 阅读广泛的;________ accepted 普遍接受的
例句:The poem is still ________ read today.(这首诗至今仍被广泛阅读。)
13. lasting adj.持久的;永恒的
词形变换:动词形式 ________(持续);副词形式 ________(持久地)
搭配:________ value 持久的价值;________ impression 持久的印象;________ peace 持久的和平;have a ________ effect on 对……有持久影响
例句:Good literature has ________ values. Li Bai's and Du Fu's poems are good examples.
(优秀的文学具有持久的价值。李白和杜甫的诗就是很好的例子。)
14. unable adj.未能;无法
词形变换:反义词 ________(能够的);名词形式 ________(无能为力);动词形式 ________(使能够);________(能力)
搭配:be________ to do sth 无法做某事;________ to move 无法移动;________ to sleep 无法入睡
例句:A love that makes breath poor, and speech ______.(一种让呼吸微弱、言语无力的爱。)
15. seat vt.(使)就座;坐;n. 座位
词形变换:复数 ________(座位);过去式/过去分词________;现在分词 seating
搭配:be________ 坐下;________ oneself 坐下;take a________ 就座;have a________ 请坐
例句:King Lear is ________ on his throne.(李尔王坐在他的宝座上。)
16. act n.(戏剧等)一幕;行为;表演;vi. 行动;表演
词形变换:复数 ________;名词形式 ________(行动);________(演员);________(女演员);________(活动)
搭配:Act 1, Scene 1 第一幕第一场;in the act of 正在做……时;act as 担任;act out 表演出来
例句:A play usually contains several ________. Each act is divided into several scenes.
(一部戏剧通常包含若干幕。每一幕又分为若干场。)
17. writing n.著作;作品;写作
词形变换:动词形式 ________(写);过去式 ________;过去分词 ________;名词形式 ________(作家)
搭配:creative ________创意写作;________skills 写作技巧;in ________ 书面的;a piece of ________一篇作品
例句:Good literature is an art form of ________.(好的文学是一种写作艺术形式。)
18. fool n.傻瓜;vt. 欺骗,愚弄
词形变换:形容词形式 ________(愚蠢的);副词形式 ________(愚蠢地)
搭配:make a ________ of oneself 出洋相;________sb into doing sth 骗某人做某事;be ________被愚弄;April Fool 愚人节
例句:Are there such ________? Do people die because leaves drop off a tree?
(怎么会有这样的傻瓜?人会因为树叶掉落而死吗?)
19. anger n.愤怒;怒气
词形变换:形容词形式 ________(生气的);副词形式 ________(生气地)
搭配:in ________ 愤怒地;with ________ 愤怒地;express ________ 表达愤怒;control one's ________ 控制怒气
例句:There was ________ in her voice.(她的声音里带着愤怒。)
20. peacefully adv.平静地;安宁地
词形变换:形容词形式 ________(平静的);名词形式 ________(和平);比较级 more peacefully;最高级 most peacefully
搭配:sleep ________安详地睡着;live ________ 平静地生活;pass away ________ 安详地去世
例句:He was ill because of being out in the cold all night, and he passed away ________.
(他因为在寒冷的户外待了一整夜而生病,安详地去世了。)
21. bedside n.床边
搭配:at the ________在床边;________ table 床头柜;by the ________ 在床边
例句:Sue moved to Johnsy's ________ and asked what was the matter.
(苏走到琼西的床边,问她怎么了。)
22. fair n.展销会;集市;adj. 公平的;浅色的
词形变换:副词形式 ________(公平地;相当)
搭配:book ________书展;trade ________ 贸易展销会;________ play 公平竞争;be________ to 对……公平
例句:There is a book ________ in town this week. We could go together if you are interested.
(这周镇上有一个书展。如果你感兴趣,我们可以一起去。)
23. show up phr v.出现;露面
词形变换:过去式 ________ up;过去分词 ________ up/showed up
搭配:show up on time 准时出现;fail to show up 未能出现;show up unexpectedly 意外出现
例句:Julie's neighbour and classmate, Emily, shows up at the door.
(朱莉的邻居兼同学艾米丽出现在门口。)
24. run out of phr v.用完;耗尽
词形变换:过去式 ________ out of;现在分词 ________ out of
搭配:run out of time 时间用完;run out of money 钱花光了;run out of ideas 想不出办法了;run out of energy 精力耗尽
例句:Unless we ____ out of time, we will all get to read our stories out loud at the end of the class.
(除非时间不够,否则我们都会在课末大声朗读自己的故事。)
二、核心词组
1. have something/nothing to do with 与……有/没有关系
用法提示:do with 常与 what 连用,have to do with 常与 something/nothing/a lot/much 等连用
例句:It doesn't make any sense. What does an old tree ________ to do ________ you?
(这根本讲不通。一棵老树和你有什么关系?)
2. make sense 有意义;讲得通
用法提示:反义短语 make no sense 毫无意义;也可说 make sense of sth 理解某事
例句:It doesn't ________________. What does an old tree have to do with you?
(这根本讲不通。一棵老树和你有什么关系?)
3. drop off 掉落;落下;(顺便)放下
用法提示:可作及物和不及物;不及物时表示'掉落',及物时表示'把……放下'
例句:Do people die because leaves ________________ a tree?(人会因为树叶掉落而死吗?)
4. lie in 在于;存在
用法提示:注意与 lie on(躺在……上)、lie to(对……撒谎)区分
例句:Like many of O. Henry's short stories, the charm of 'The Last Leaf' ________ its surprise ending.
(像欧·亨利的许多短篇小说一样,《最后一片叶子》的魅力在于它出人意料的结局。)
5. out in the cold 在寒冷的户外;被冷落
例句:Mr Behrman died. He was ill because of being ________________ all night.
(贝尔曼先生去世了。他因为在寒冷的户外待了一整夜而生病。)
6. take one's time 从容不迫;慢慢来 用法提示:后面常接 doing sth 或 over sth
例句:It's often hard to understand a poem at first, but if you ________________, you will find the beauty in it.(一首诗起初往往很难理解,但如果你慢慢来,就会发现其中的美。)
7. a number of 一些;若干(后接可数名词复数)
用法提示:the number of 指'……的数量',谓语用单数;a number of 指'一些',谓语用复数(必记)
例句:________________ students are reading short stories in the library.
(许多学生正在图书馆读短篇小说。)
8. have yet to do sth 尚未做某事;某事尚未发生
用法提示:相当于 have not yet done sth,但语气更正式
例句:He had always talked of painting a masterpiece, but he ________________ start it.
(他总是说要画一幅杰作,但还没开始。)
9. bring sb/sth to life 使更有趣(生动);使苏醒 用法提示:life 前无冠词
例句:Good actors ________ their characters ________ on stage.
(好的演员让舞台上的角色栩栩如生。)
10. steal the show 吸引更多的注意;抢风头
用法提示:steal 此处不是'偷',而是'抢走'的意思
例句:The young actor ________________ with his amazing performance.
(那位年轻演员以出色的表演抢了风头。)
11. hurry up 赶快;急忙(做某事)
用法提示:反义短语 slow down;祈使句中常用 Hurry up! 或 Hurry up and do sth
例句:________, Julie, or you will be late for school.(快点,朱莉,不然你上学要迟到了。)
12. pass away 去世
用法提示:比 die 更委婉的说法,属于委婉语(必记)
例句:The old painter ________________peacefully after painting the last leaf for Johnsy.
(那位老画家为琼西画了最后一片叶子之后安详地去世了。)
三、核心语法
(一)if引导的条件状语从句(必考易错点)
1. 定义
条件状语从句就是在复合句中表示主句动作发生条件的从句。if意思是'如果、假如',用来引导条件状语从句,表示在某种条件下会发生什么。说得通俗一点——if从句告诉我们'在什么情况下',主句告诉我们'会怎样'。
2. 详细用法
(1)基本结构
★ if + 一般现在时,主句 + will/can/should + 动词原形
这就是大名鼎鼎的'主将从现'——主句用将来时(will/can/should等),if从句用一般现在时来表示将来。这是本单元最重要的语法规则,考试必考。为什么呢?因为英语里if从句虽然说的是将来的事情,但习惯上不用will,而用一般现在时来代替将来时。这个规则和汉语很不一样,所以要格外注意。
例句1:If you ________ short stories, you________ O. Henry.
(如果你喜欢短篇小说,你会喜欢欧·亨利的。)
例句2:If you ________ to read a story with a surprise ending, you ________ an O. Henry story.
(如果你想读一个有意外结局的故事,你应该试试欧·亨利的故事。)
例句3:If you ________ to find his books, you ________ the librarian where they are.
(如果你需要找他的书,你可以问图书管理员它们在哪里。)
(2)if从句的位置
if从句可以放在主句前面,也可以放在主句后面,意思一样,但标点有区别——if从句在前时,从句和主句之间要用逗号隔开;if从句在后时,中间不加逗号。
If it does not rain tomorrow, we will go hiking.(如果明天不下雨,我们就去远足。)
We will go hiking if it does not rain tomorrow.(意思完全一样,只是if从句放在后面了。)
(3)主句的其他形式(必记)
除了will引导的一般将来时,if条件句的主句还可以出现这些形式:
① 含情态动词:If it is fine tomorrow, we ________ and fly kites.
(如果明天天气好,我们可以去放风筝。)
② 祈使句:If you like music, ________________ the programme.
(如果你喜欢音乐,不要错过这个节目。)
所以主句不一定非得是will+动词原形,can/should/may等情态动词,或者直接用祈使句,都是合法的。关键是if从句中必须用一般现在时。
3. 易错点总结(必记)
易错点1:if从句中误用will。记住'主将从现'——if从句用一般现在时表将来。
❌ If it will rain tomorrow, we will stay at home.
✅ If it ________ tomorrow, we will stay at home.
易错点2:if从句在前时忘记加逗号。
❌ If you read the book you will enjoy it.
✅ If you read the book,you will enjoy it.
易错点3:主句和从句时态搭配错误。如果主句是祈使句或含情态动词,if从句仍然用一般现在时。
❌ If you will not know the answer, ask the teacher.
✅ If you ________________ the answer, ask the teacher.
(二)unless引导的条件状语从句(单元重点)
1. 定义
unless意思是'除非;如果不',它引导的也是条件状语从句。你可以把unless理解为if...not的'升级版'——unless = if...not。也就是说,unless从句本身就带有否定的意思,所以主句通常也是否定句,形成'双重否定'表达肯定含义。
2. 详细用法
(1)基本结构
★ unless + 一般现在时,主句 + will/can/should + 动词原形(通常含否定)
和if一样,unless从句也遵循'主将从现'的规则——从句用一般现在时,主句用将来时。但要注意,unless本身就有否定含义,所以主句常是否定句。
例句1:She ________ unless the last leaf ________ on the tree.
(除非最后一片叶子留在树上,否则她会死的。)
例句2:You ________ what happens unless you ________ to the end of the story.
(除非你读到最后,否则你不会知道发生了什么。)
例句3:Unless you________ science fiction, you ________ this book.
(除非你喜欢科幻小说,否则你不会喜欢这本书。)
(2)unless与if...not的转换
unless和if...not可以互相替换,意思不变。这是考试中常见的句型转换题型。
You won't know what happens unless you read to the end of the story.
= You won't know what happens ________________ to the end of the story.
Unless you love science fiction, you won't like this book.
= ________________ science fiction, you won't like this book.
(3)unless从句的位置
和if从句一样,unless从句可以放在主句前面或后面。放在前面时,从句和主句之间用逗号隔开。
(4)主句的其他形式
unless条件句的主句也可以含情态动词或用祈使句,跟if条件句完全一样。
① 含情态动词:He ________ clearly unless he ________ glasses.
(他不戴眼镜就看不清楚。)
② 祈使句:________________ the machine unless the teacher________ you to.
(没有老师的允许,不要碰机器。)
3. 易错点总结(必记)
易错点1:unless从句中误用will。和if一样,unless从句也必须用一般现在时。
❌ Unless he will write them down, he will forget things.
✅ Unless he ________them down, he will forget things.
易错点2:unless本身已有否定含义,从句中不能再加not。
❌ Unless you don't try, you won't succeed.
✅ Unless you ________, you won't succeed.(除非你尝试,否则你不会成功。)
易错点3:unless与if...not转换时,不要漏掉not。
❌ Unless you leave at once, you will be late. = If you leave at once, you will be late.
✅ Unless you leave at once, you will be late. = If you ________ at once, you will be late.
(三)语法练习
A. 单项选择
1. If it ________ tomorrow, we will go to the book fair.
A. doesn't rain B. won't rain C. didn't rain D. isn't raining
2. You won't understand the story ________ you read to the end.
A. if B. unless C. because D. when
3. Unless he ________ harder, he won't pass the exam.
A. studies B. will study C. studied D. studying
4. If you ________ a poem carefully, you will find the beauty in it.
A. will read B. read C. are reading D. reads
5. ________ you don't like reading, you can try listening to audiobooks.
A. Unless B. If C. Because D. Though
6. We won't get there on time ________ we leave now.
A. if B. when C. unless D. because
7. If he ________ the book, he will return it to you tomorrow.
A. finishes B. will finish C. finish D. finishing
8. Don't give up ________ you have tried your best.
A. if B. unless C. because D. after
B. 用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. If you ________ (want) to be a writer, you should read widely and often.
2. You will improve your writing skills over time if you ________ (write) every day.
3. If you ________ (not put) in time and energy, it will be difficult to see progress.
4. Unless she ________ (read) the poem again and again, she may not understand it.
5. Unless we ________ (leave) now, we won't get there on time.
6. If you ________ (not want) your readers to get bored, you should include action in your story.
7. Unless they ________ (make) it all the way there, they won't get these books.
8. The teacher will help you come up with a story idea unless you already ________ (have) one.
C. 句型转换
1. If you don't try reading poetry, you may not realize how much you enjoy it.(用unless改写)
________________________________________________________________
2. Unless you love science fiction, you won't like this book.(用if...not改写)
________________________________________________________________
3. You will never know whether you can write a poem if you don't try.(用unless改写)
________________________________________________________________
4. We won't go to the park if it rains tomorrow.(改为unless句型)
________________________________________________________________
5. If you don't take your time reading a poem, you may not understand it fully.(用unless改写)
________________________________________________________________
四、单元书面表达总结
(一)写作框架梳理(4段式)
第一段(开头,1-2行)
功能:交代背景(时间、地点、人物),设置场景
核心句式:
The scene is set in ________.(场景设定在……)
[Character] is ________ when ________.(当……时,某角色正在……)
第二段(中间1,3-5行对话)
功能:引入冲突或问题,展开人物对话
核心句式:
[Character A]: What's the matter?(怎么了?)
[Character B]: I don't want to ________ because ________.(我不想……因为……)
第三段(中间2,3-5行对话)
功能:推动情节发展,出现转折点
核心句式:
[Stage direction: Something unexpected happens.](舞台提示:意外事件发生)
[Character A]: Don't worry. If you ________, you will ________.(别担心。如果你……,你就会……)
第四段(结尾,1-2行)
功能:解决冲突,或留下悬念
核心句式:
[Character] realizes that ________.(某角色意识到……)
[The doorbell rings / The lights go out.](门铃响了/灯灭了——用舞台提示营造悬念)
(二)高分词汇/词组积累
高分词汇替换
good → outstanding 杰出的 例:an outstanding performance
sad → heartbreaking 令人心碎的 例:a heartbreaking story
important → meaningful 有意义的 例:a meaningful experience
surprising → unexpected 出乎意料的 例:an unexpected ending
like → be fond of 喜爱 例:be fond of reading
show → reflect 反映 例:reflect the beauty of life
高分词组
① be set in 以……为背景
② be full of 充满
③ cannot help doing 忍不住做某事
④ leave a deep impression on 给……留下深刻印象
⑤ come up with 想出;提出
⑥ remind sb of sth 使某人想起某事
⑦ make up one's mind 下定决心
⑧ give up 放弃
(三)参考范文
Act 1, Scene 2
Emily's bedroom at Julie's house
[Emily is standing at the door, holding a book. Julie is sitting on her bed, looking out of the window.]
Emily: Hi, Julie! I am Emily, your neighbour. I saw you walking to school alone this morning. Are you new here?
Julie: Yes, I just moved here last week. I do not know anyone at this school.
Emily: Do not worry! If you come with me, I will introduce you to my friends. We are all very friendly.
Julie: Really? That is so kind of you. Unless someone talks to me first, I am usually too shy to speak.
Emily: I understand. I used to be shy too. But unless you take the first step, you will never make new friends. Come on, let us go!
Julie: [smiling] OK. Thank you, Emily.
[They walk out of the door together. The lights dim.]
(四)写作模板(万能模板)
Act ________, Scene ________
________(场景地点)
[________(舞台提示:描述人物动作和环境)]
________(角色A): ________(表明自己的基本态度/问题)
________(角色B): ________(回应,提供建议或安慰)
________(角色A): ________(表达犹豫或担忧)
________(角色B): If you ________(建议1), you will ________(可能的结果). Unless you ________(建议2), you will not ________(不采取行动的后果).
________(角色A): [________(舞台提示:态度变化)] ________(接受建议/做出决定)
[________(舞台提示:情节转折/悬念结尾)]
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