专题01 选择性必修第四册Units 10教材核心知识串讲（期末复习课件）高二英语下学期北师大版

这是一份专题01 选择性必修第四册Units 10教材核心知识串讲（期末复习课件）高二英语下学期北师大版，共31页。PPT课件主要包含了考情透视·目标导航，目 录，语法串讲·融会贯通，知识梳理·夯实基础，考场练兵·实战训练，第一部分，短语句型，第二部分，第三部分，第四部分等内容，欢迎下载使用。
（过去时中的被动语态）
（单词、短语、句型积累）
复习过去时态中的被动语态，包括一般过去时，过去进行时和过去完成时中的被动语态。
了解人们之间的不同形式的连接，包括六度空间理论，节日社区活动、第一印象，了解中国的胡同文化。
了解人们之间的联系，理解胡同与文化传承的关系，主动思考未来胡同在全球范围内的发展与使用。
掌握在阅读中根据上下文猜测词义的策略；巩固合成词的相关知识；能运用构词法知识推测词义；能够运用寻读的技巧快速找到阅读文本中的相关信息。
一、核心词汇1．reslutely adv. 坚决地，坚定地2．gallery n. 美术馆，画廊3．grcery n. 食品杂货；超级市场4．bakery n. 面包烘房，糕饼店5．cafeteria n. (工厂、学校等的)自6．canteen n. (工厂、学校等的)食7．dcument n. 公文， v. 记录，记载8．frum n. (互联网上的)论9．interventin n. 干涉，干预
10．frictin n. 不和，冲突，摩擦11．netwrk n. 人际关系网，联络12．scilgist n. 社会学家13．bimnthly adj. 两月一次的；一月两次的14．clsely­knit adj. 紧密联结在一起的15．utskirts n. 市郊，郊区，16．gable n. 山墙，三角墙17．tear­stained adj. 有泪痕的18．rphan n. 孤儿19．faucet n. 水龙头20．pillw n. 枕头 
两月一次的；一月两次的
一、核心词汇1．debt n. 债务，欠款2．cnflict n. 抵触，冲突，矛盾3．thery n. 学说，理论4．dive vi. 急冲进；跳水，潜水5．randm adj. 随机的，随意的6．parcel n. 包裹；邮包7．release vt. & n. 发布；释放8．phrase n. 成语，习语；警句9．husehld n. 一家人10．frwn vi. 皱眉
11．stiff adj. 挺的，硬的，不易弯曲的12．clasp vt. 握紧，抱紧 n. 紧握，紧抱13．prceed vi. 继续进行，继续做14．reveal vt. 展现，显露；揭示，揭露15．sigh n. & vi. 叹息，叹气16．despair n. 绝望17．lan n. 贷款 v．借出，借给18．bare adj. 空的，无装饰的；裸露的19．shiver n. & vi. 颤抖，哆嗦，发抖20．sb n. & vi. & vt. 抽噎，啜泣；哭诉 
一、核心词汇1．disagreement n. 意见不合，分歧，争论→agreement n. 同意，赞同→agree v. 同意→disagree v. 不同意2．legal adj. 法律的；法律允许的，合法的→illegal adj. 不合法的3．encuragement n. 鼓励，鼓舞；起激励作用的事物→encurage v. 鼓励，鼓舞→encuraging adj. 鼓舞人心的4．disturb vt. 干扰，打扰，使中断→disturbance n. 干扰；扰乱→disturbing adj. 令人不安的5．aplgise vi. 道歉，谢罪→aplgy n. 道歉；歉意6．impressin n. 印象，感想→impressive adj. 令人钦佩的；给人印象深刻的→impress v. 给……留下深刻印象→impressed adj. 印象深刻的 
disagreement
encuragement
disturbance
7．additinally adv. 除此之外，此外→additinal adj. 另外的；附加的→additin n. 添加；增加；加法；[C]附加物→add v. 增加；添加；补充说8．frequently adv. 经常地，频繁地→frequent adj. 经常的，频繁的→frequency n. 频繁，频率9．cnsequence n. 后果→cnsequent adj. 随之发生的；作为结果的→cnsequently adv. 因此；所以10．adpt vi. & vt. 收养，领养；采取某种方法、政策、态度等→adptin n. 收养；采纳→adpted adj.收养的，领养的11．freeze vi.& vt. 呆住；突然停止；(使)结冰，(使)冻结→freezing adj. 极冷的 →frzen adj. 结冰的 
additinally
cnsequently
12．amazement n. 吃惊，惊奇→amazing adj. 令人惊奇的；极好的→amazed adj. 惊讶的13．investigate vi. & vt. 查明，调查，侦查→investigatin n. 调查14．appeal vi. 有吸引力 vi. & vt. 呼吁，恳请；上诉→appealing adj. 有吸引力的15．srrw n. 悲伤，悲痛；不幸→srrwful adj. 痛苦的16．interrupt vi. & vt. 打断(某人的)讲话，中断(某人的)行动，打扰→interruptin n. 打扰；扰乱 
investigate
investigatin
interruptin
二、重点短语1．in the depths f despair 2．use a new methd t test the thery 3．in the middle f America 4．get the parcels delivered 5．the average number f links in the chain 6．think abut it fr a minute 7．freeze in amazement 8．spring frward a step 9．sit dwn n a chair by the table 10．turn dwn the bedclthes
在极度绝望中用新的方法来验证这一理论在美国中部派送包裹联络串上的平均连接数量思考一下这个问题惊呆了冲上前一步坐到桌边的椅子上铺开床褥
三、写作句式积累1．早在20世纪20年代，人们就开始讨论这个概念。(as lng ag as)The cncept was first talked abut as lng ag as the 1920s．2．我们的确做了。(s＋主语＋助动词)S we did．3．但肯定有个男孩……(there be…)But there must have been a by…4．好了，好了，没有必要为这件事哭得这么厉害。(there is n need t d sth.)Well, well, there's n need t cry s abut it.5．马修上床睡觉了。玛丽拉收拾完盘子，紧紧地皱着眉头，也回到房间休息了。(介词短语位于句首引起完全倒装)T bed went Matthew．And t bed，when she had put her dishes away, went Marilla，frwning mst reslutely.
as lng ag as the 1920s
there must have been
there's n need t cry s
T bed went Matthew
went Marilla
常见的过去时中的被动语态结构：一般过去时： 。过去进行时： 。过去完成时：
was/were dne
was/were being dne
had been dne
一般过去时被动语态（Passive Frms in the Past）一、基本结构1. 肯定句主语 + was /were + 过去分词 (dne)单数主语（he/she/it/ 单数名词 / 不可数名词）→ was + dne复数主语（we/yu/they/ 复数名词）→ were + dne2. 否定句主语 + was/were + nt + 过去分词was nt = wasn’t；were nt = weren’t3. 一般疑问句Was / Were + 主语 + 过去分词？简略回答：Yes, 主语 + was/were./ N, 主语 + wasn’t/weren’t.
二、用法描述过去某个时间，主语是动作的承受者（被……）常搭配过去时间标志词：yesterday, last week, just nw, in 2020, then, at that time 等例句主动：Smene built the bridge in 1990.有人在 1990 年建了这座桥。被动：The bridge was built in 1990.这座桥是 1990 年被建造的。单数: The letter was written yesterday.这封信是昨天写的。复数:These trees were planted last spring.这些树是去年春天种下的。否定句The rm wasn’t cleaned just nw.这个房间刚才没有被打扫。一般疑问句Were the phts taken by yu?这些照片是你拍的吗？— Yes, they were. / N, they weren’t.
三、带动作执行者（by sb.）结构：was/were + dne + by + 动作发出者The cake was made by my mther.这个蛋糕是我妈妈做的。四、常见易错点1.必须用过去分词，不是过去式✅ was seen（see→saw→seen）❌ was saw2.be 动词单复数由被动句的主语决定，不是 by 后面的人The bks were bught by Tm.（主语 bks 复数→were）3.感官动词、使役动词（see/hear/make 等）主动不带 t，被动必须加 t主动：He made me laugh.被动：I was made t laugh.
五、四种句式模板总结肯定：S + was/were + dne否定：S + wasn’t/weren’t + dne疑问：Was/Were + S + dne?带执行者：S + was/were + dne + by sb.
过去进行时被动语态（Past Cntinuus Passive）一、基本结构肯定句：主语 + was/were + being + 过去分词 (dne)单数主语：was being dne复数主语：were being dne否定句was/were + nt + being + dne(wasn’t being / weren’t being)一般疑问句Was/Were + 主语 + being + dne?
二、用法过去某一时刻 / 某段时间正在被……，强调过去某个瞬间正在发生的被动动作，时间状语：常搭配：at 8 last night, then, at that time, when 引导的过去时间状语。三、例句：肯定：The huse was being built at that time.那时候这栋房子正在被建造。These letters were being typed when I came in.我进来的时候这些信件正在被录入。否定：The prblem wasn’t being discussed at the meeting.这个问题当时没有在会议上被讨论。疑问：Were the trees being watered at 5 yesterday afternn?昨天下午五点那些树正在被浇水吗？
常见易错点必须有 being，表示 “正在”，不能省略：✅ was being repaired❌ was repairing /was repaired
过去完成时被动语态（Past Perfect Passive）一、基本结构肯定：主语 + had been + 过去分词 (dne)✅ 所有人称单复数统一用 had been dne否定：had nt been dne = hadn’t been dne一般疑问句：Had + 主语 + been + dne?
二、用法表示过去某个动作之前就已经被完成（过去的过去），常搭配：by + 过去时间，befre, when, after, until 等。三、例句肯定All the tickets had been sld ut befre we arrived.我们到达之前，所有票就已经被卖光了。否定The wrk hadn’t been finished by last Friday.到上周五为止这项工作还没有被完成。疑问句Had the bridge been cmpleted by 2010?这座桥在 2010 年前就已经竣工了吗？
关键要点1.只有 had，没有 was/were；结构固定：had been + dne2.动作先后：先发生的动作用过去完成被动，后发生用一般过去时例：When we gt t the classrm, the blackbard had already been cleaned.我们到教室时，黑板已经被擦干净了。
三种过去时态被动语态汇总表易混对比The bridge was built in 2010.（一般过去被动：2010 年建成）The bridge was being built in 2010.（过去进行被动：2010 年当时在建）The bridge had been built befre 2010.（过去完成被动：2010 年前就建好）
1.Much t my ______ (amaze), he slved the difficult prblem in ______ (disturb) nise utside made me feel ______ (disturb) is ______ (anny) that my neighbur always makes lud nise late at pinin ften ______ (cnflict) with his parents’ appealed t parents ______ (cntrl) children’s screen time cllege students graduate ______ heavy debt a cnsequence ______ his carelessness, he failed the little by hung ______ his head when he was can have different views and agree ______ (disagree) peacefully.10. The mvie is s ______ (appeal) that many teenagers g t watch it again.
二、完成句子1．句式：状语从句的省略 【教材】... _________, the results were published in the bimnthly magazine Psychlgy Tday.结果一经公布，便发表在双月刊《今日心理学》上。2．句式：强调句型【教材】__________________ inspired the phrase “Six Degrees f Separatin”．正是这项研究启发了“六度分隔”这一说法。3. 句式：情态动词＋have dne【教材】I __________________it. I __________________ it was all t beautiful t last. I __________________nbdy really did want me.我早就应该料到。我早就应该知道这件事太美好而无法持久。我早就应该想到没人真的想要我。4．句式：完全倒装【教材】__________________, a high, ld­fashined ne f dark wd. 角落里有一张床，一张高高的老式深色木床。
Once released
It was this research that
might have expected
might have knwn
might have knwn
In ne crner was the bed
1. When all the students __________(seat), the prfessr began his lecture. 2. After getting lst in a strm, a member f the navy team __________(rescue) fur days later. 3. Sme parents __________(elect)t frm a new schl bard by the end f last week. 4. Experiments in the phtgraphy f mving bjects __________(cnduct) in bth the United States and Eurpe well befre f the yung men wh had applied fr a psitin in the university __________(accept) the end f the meeting, it was annunced that an agreement __________(reach).7. Bill __________(hardly admit)t a freign university when he decided t give up lking fr a jb.8. Suddenly he remembered that his umbrella __________(leave) n the bus. 9. Hw the guests __________(treat ) in the htel influenced their evaluatin f the service.10. The bridge __________(built) at that time when we were visiting the city.
were seated
was rescued
had been elected
had been cnducted
was accepted
was reached
had hardly been admitted
had been left
had been treated
was being built