福建泉州第五中学2025~2026学年高二下册5月期中英语试卷【附解析】

这是一份福建泉州第五中学2025~2026学年高二下册5月期中英语试卷【附解析】，文件包含强基联盟2026年高三5月题库技术pdf、强基联盟2026年高三5月题库技术答案pdf等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共27页， 欢迎下载使用。
注意事项:
1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡指定位置上。
2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。
第一部分：听力 (共两节，满分 30 分)
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上，录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节 (共 5 小题，每小题 1.5 分，满分 7.5 分)
听下面 5 段对话，每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话后，你都有 10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题，每段对话读两遍。
1. What did the man d yesterday afternn?
A. He saw a dctr.
B. He tk a rest.
C. He read a bk.
2. What is the prbable relatinship between the man and Jack?
A. Teacher and student.
B. Cach and player.
C. Father and sn.
3. What des the wman remind Tny t d?
A. Bring his lunchbx.
B. Review fr the test.
C. Leave early fr schl.
4. Where des the cnversatin prbably take place?
A. At a cinema.
B. At a train statin.
C. In a hspital.
5. Hw des the man sund?
A. Annyed.
B. Surprised.
C. Understanding.
第二节 (共 15 小题，每小题 1.5 分，满分 22.5 分)
听下面 5 段对话或独白，每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题 5 秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出 5 秒钟的作答时间，每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第 6 段材料，回答第 6、7 题。
3. What gift des William give t Kate?
A. A fridge magnet.
B. A mug.
C. A keychain.
4. What are the speakers ging t d tgether tday?
A. Try sme dessert.
B. Visit sme friends.
C. Play tennis.
听第 7 段材料，回答第 8 至 10 题。
5. What is Ava prbably ding at the beginning f the cnversatin?
A. Watching a dcumentary.
B. Reading a magazine.
C. Brwsing the Internet.
6. Where were the early mammal fssils discvered?
A. In Australia.
B. In the US.
C. In China.
7. What d we knw abut the early mammals?
A. They had dark-brwn fur.
B. They were the size f cats.
C. They were active in daytime.
听第 8 段材料，回答第 11 至 13 题。
8. What day is it tday?
A. Thursday.
B. Friday.
C. Saturday.
9. Hw was the man planning t get t the cinema riginally?
A. By bus.
B. By bicycle.
C. By taxi.
10. Why is the man unwilling t drive his car tmrrw?
A. He wants t drink alchl.
B. He is still a new driver.
C. He desn’t want mud n it.
听第 9 段材料，回答第 14 至 16 题。
11. What natural resurce is the speakers’ living place rich in?
A. Water.
B. Slar pwer.
C. Frest.
12. What des Cathy think f farming indrs?
A. It’s tiring.
B. It’s unrealistic.
C. It’s interesting.
13. What are the speakers mainly talking abut?
A. Tips n resurce explratin.
B. Imaginatin f future cities.
C. Prpsals fr city management.
听第 10 段材料，回答第 17 至 20 题。
14. Which cmpany first intrduced peel-apart film?
A. Kdak.
B. Fujifilm.
C. Plarid.
15. Hw much did the 20 bxes f peel-apart film cst Clark?
A. 1,400 yuan.
B. 15,000 yuan.
C. 30,000 yuan.
16. Wh are Clark’s main custmers fr peel-apart film nw?
A. Yung fashin lvers.
B. Older generatins.
C. Camera enthusiasts.
17. Hw did the spkesman react t the peel-apart film buyers?
A. He thanked them.
B. He warned them.
C. He criticized them.
第二部分：阅读 (共两节，满分 50 分)
第一节 (共 15 小题，每小题 2.5 分，满分 37.5 分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
In tday’s glbal trade, prduct safety is extremely imprtant. Therefre, labels n prducts help cnsumers make infrmed chices.
The primary functin f these marks is t ensure the safety f users and prperty. Fr instance, electrical equipment sld in the Eurpean Unin must carry the “CE” mark, which prves that the prduct meets all relevant EU standards. Unlike an fficial apprval, it is based n the cmpany’s wn evaluatin. In cntrast, the Chinese “CCC” mark requires testing by an fficial rganizatin, and a certificate must be btained. Prducts withut the “CCC” mark cannt be sld in China.
Other marks are als imprtant. The French “FR” sign instructs cnsumers t separate packaging fr recycling. The “RHS” mark shws a prduct limits harmful materials under EU rules, but as it is merely ne part f the CE standard, it des nt ensure full cmpliance (遵守). Cdes like “SKC/SKU” are simply used by cmpanies t manage their prduct strage. Mst imprtantly, prducts must have clear safety warnings n their labels, r they will be banned frm the market.
Belw is a prduct label:
1. Which mark is required fr a digital camera t be sld in Eurpe?
A. FR.
B. CE.
C. SKC.
D. RHS.
2. Which risk is least likely t ccur accrding t this prduct label?
A. Cuts.
B. Pisning.
C. Burns.
D. Chking.
3. What can be learned abut this prduct frm the label?
A. It is allwed t be sld in China.
B. Its packaging cannt be recycled.
C. It can be pened by children alne.
D. It restricts certain harmful substances.
【正确答案】1. B 2. A 3. D
【导语】文章介绍了全球贸易中的产品标签与安全标识。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Fr instance, electrical equipment sld in the Eurpean Unin must carry the “CE” mark. (例如，在欧盟销售的电气设备必须带有CE标识)”可知，相机作为电气设备，在欧洲销售必须带有CE标识。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据WARNING部分“T avid danger f chke, keep this plastic bag away frm babies and children. (为避免窒息风险，请将此塑料袋远离婴幼儿)”及“This prduct cntains a buttn cell r cin battery. A swallwed buttn cell r cin battery can cause Internal Chemical Burns. Battery liquid is pisnus and can cause dizziness and ther serius symptms. (本产品含有纽扣电池。吞下纽扣电池或硬币电池可能导致体内化学灼伤。电池液有毒，可能引发头晕及其他严重症状)”可知，提到了窒息风险（Chking）、化学灼伤（Burns）和中毒（Pisning），但没有提到割伤（Cuts）相关的风险。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“The “RHS” mark shws a prduct limits harmful materials under EU rules (RHS标识表明该产品按照欧盟法规限制了有害物质的使用)”及标签上的RHS标识可知，该产品限制了某些有害物质的使用。
B
All alne, the small brwn cin lay n the windwsill. Occasinally, a spider r a fly came by; he wre spider webs, and a light layer f dust. The mrning sun warmed him, then mved away. He had been placed there “in case”, and s he waited.
N ne needed him fr much f anything, these days. Plicymakers kept remarking, wundingly, that it cst mre t make each penny (in 2024, 3.69 cents) than it was wrth. That was why, they explained, they wuld be ending prductin in 2026.
Fr sme time nw, peple had sured n him. When he was handed ver in change, shppers waved him away with “Keep the penny”. Increasingly, they simply waved a card and ignred him. He had spent lnger and lnger simply lying arund.
In ecnmic terms, hwever, he liked t think he was still imprtant, encuraging careful budgeting. The price was calculated dwn t the smallest detail (namely, him). When a prduct was priced at $19.99, rather than $20, peple were mre willing t buy it, bsting the ecnmy.
Then there was the matter f charity. Where wuld all thse bxes be, withut the likes f him? In several cities cents were harvested fr gd causes; schl children cllected them in clth bags. Thusands f dllars were raised that way, little by little.
Such arguments, hwever, plainly did nt persuade plicymakers. What, then, was his future, and that f any ther penny? As an accessry, perhaps. After all, pennies were lucky. A gd-lking cent, as cents went, he culd becme a buttn. Glued t a leg, he culd stp a chair frm wbbling (摇晃). There were wrse fates, such as being thrwn in a funtain.
Nne f this was what he had been made fr. And s, with humility (谦卑), he accepted his new purpse in natinal life. Perhaps, sme day, he wuld hear his wner say: “Glad I kept that penny.” In the far future he might becme rare and valuable. This was his chief cmfrt that sme peple, at least, wuld still appreciate that face value and true wrth are nt at all the same thing.
4. Which paragraph presents an argument against plicymakers’ decisin?
A. Paragraph 1.B. Paragraph 2.C. Paragraph 3.D. Paragraph 4.
5. Why is charity mentined in Paragraph 5?
A. T intrduce new prblems in charity wrk.
B. T raise cncerns abut wasting small cins.
C. T give further evidence f the penny’s value.
D. T make a cntrast between giving and spending.
6. What wuld the penny imagine as its best pssible future?
A. Becming a cllectible.B. Ending up in a funtain.
C. Being used as a decratin.D. Being remade int a new cin.
7. What is the verall tne f the text?
A. Very frmal but a bit dry.B. Mildly humrus but a bit sad.
C. Seemingly calm but a bit distant.D. Highly rmantic but a bit unreal.
【正确答案】4. D 5. C 6. A 7. B
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一枚被放置在窗台上的便士硬币，面对即将被停止生产的命运，思考自身价值及未来可能用途的故事。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“In ecnmic terms, hwever, he liked t think he was still imprtant, encuraging careful budgeting. The price was calculated dwn t the smallest detail (namely, him). When a prduct was priced at $19.99, rather than $20, peple were mre willing t buy it, bsting the ecnmy.(然而，从经济角度来看，他喜欢认为自己仍然很重要，鼓励人们精打细算。价格计算到了最小的细节（即他）。当一件产品定价为19.99美元，而不是20美元时，人们更愿意购买它，从而促进经济发展)”可知，第四段提出了反对政策制定者决定的论点，即便士在促进经济发展方面仍有重要作用。故选D。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段“Then there was the matter f charity. Where wuld all thse bxes be, withut the likes f him? In several cities cents were harvested fr gd causes; schl children cllected them in clth bags. Thusands f dllars were raised that way, little by little.(然后是慈善事业。如果没有像他这样的硬币，那些盒子会放在哪里呢？在几个城市里，人们为了慈善事业而收集便士；小学生们用布袋收集它们。就这样，一点一点地筹集了数千美元)”可知，提到慈善是为了进一步证明便士的价值，即便士在慈善事业中也能发挥重要作用。故选C。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“In the far future he might becme rare and valuable. This was his chief cmfrt that sme peple, at least, wuld still appreciate that face value and true wrth are nt at all the same thing.(在遥远的未来，他可能会变得稀有而珍贵。这是他主要的安慰，至少有些人仍然会明白面值和真正的价值完全不是一回事)”可知，便士想象自己最好的未来是成为收藏品，变得稀有而珍贵。故选A。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据全文内容，文章通过拟人化的手法，以一枚便士的视角讲述了其面临被停止生产的命运，思考自身价值及未来可能用途的故事，例如最后一段中“This was his chief cmfrt that sme peple, at least, wuld still appreciate that face value and true wrth are nt at all the same thing.(让他感到最大安慰的是，至少还有一些人会明白面值和真正的价值完全不是一回事)”整体语气略带幽默，但同时也流露出一种淡淡的忧伤，因为便士即将失去其原有的地位和作用。故选B。
C
An internatinal research team has discvered that wild chimps (黑猩猩) in Tanzania’s Gmbe Natinal Park demnstrate basic engineering skills when making tls. They deliberately select flexible plant materials t create effective“fishing rds” fr catching termites (白蚁), shwing advanced understanding f material prperties.
Published in the jurnal iScience, these findings prvide new insights int hw animals develp tls using easily damaged materials — a prly understd aspect f human technlgical evlutin. Termites serve as an imprtant fd surce fr chimps, rich in prtein and nutrients. T extract these insects frm their cmplicated undergrund nests, chimps require thin, bendable sticks that can navigate winding tunnels.
Researchers tested plant materials using prtable equipment t measure flexibility. They fund that plants ignred by chimps were 175% stiffer than thse regularly chsen. Even amng plants grwing near termite nests, thse shwing chimp bite marks prduced mre flexible tls than untuched nes.
Lead researcher Dr. Alejandra Pascual-Garrid, wh has studied chimp tls fr ver ten years, stated: “This is the first clear evidence that wild chimps select tl materials based n mechanical perfrmance.” Remarkably, similar plant chices appear in chimp grups living up t 5,000 km frm Gmbe, suggesting shared engineering principles in their tl-making culture.
This indicates chimps may pssess“flk physics” — an instinctive understanding f material prperties that guides their tl selectin. Their engineering skills invlve careful material testing rather than randm chices. “By cmbining animal behavir studies with material science, we better understand hw chimps evaluate tl effectiveness,” explained Dr. Pascual-Garrid.
The research raises questins abut hw such knwledge is passed between generatins, such as yung chimps learning by bserving their mthers. It als helps scientists understand early human tl-making skills that left n physical evidence. Dr. Adam van Casteren, a bimechanics expert, nted: “Thugh wden tls rarely survive in ancient sites, the mechanical rules behind effective tls remain cnsistent acrss species.” This cmparative apprach helps recnstruct physical requirements that shaped early human technlgy, ffering clues abut prehistric tl use that archaelgy cannt preserve.
8. Why are specific plant materials ften chsen by chimps as tls?
A. They are mre plentiful.B. They are cmmnly used.
C. They fit int termite nests.D. They attract many termites.
9. What des the underlined wrd “stiffer” prbably mean in paragraph 3?
A. Lighter t carry.B. Easier t shape.C. Slwer t dry.D. Harder t bend.
10. What des the study reveal abut chimp tl-making?
A. It fllws an intentinal prcess.B. It is passed dwn thrugh genes.
C. It prves chimps are as wise as humans.D. It is an ability limited t a specific grup.
11. What is highlighted in the last paragraph?
A. Ptential criticism.B. Study significance.
C. Supprting evidence.D. Research backgrund.
【正确答案】8. C 9. D 10. A 11. B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项关于黑猩猩制作工具能力的研究，揭示了它们如何根据材料特性选择适合的植物材料来制作工具，并探讨了这一发现对人类早期工具制作技能研究的启示。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Termites serve as an imprtant fd surce fr chimps, rich in prtein and nutrients. T extract these insects frm their cmplicated undergrund nests, chimps require thin, bendable sticks that can navigate winding tunnels.(白蚁是黑猩猩的重要食物来源，富含蛋白质和营养物质。为了从复杂的地下巢穴中获取这些昆虫，黑猩猩需要使用细长且可弯曲的树枝，因为这些树枝能够穿过蜿蜒的隧道)”可知，黑猩猩选择特定的植物材料来制作工具，是因为这些材料可以适应白蚁巢穴的复杂结构，便于它们捕捉白蚁。故选C项。
【9题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第二段“T extract these insects frm their cmplicated undergrund nests, chimps require thin, bendable sticks that can navigate winding tunnels.(为了从复杂的地下巢穴中获取这些昆虫，黑猩猩需要使用细长且可弯曲的树枝，因为这些树枝能够穿过蜿蜒的隧道)”以及第三段划线词所在的句子“They fund that plants ignred by chimps were 175% stiffer than thse regularly chsen.(他们发现，被黑猩猩忽视的植物比它们经常选择的植物stiffer175%)”可知，黑猩猩需要细小、可弯曲的棍子来捕捉白蚁，那么，被黑猩猩忽视的植物就是更硬，更不易弯曲的，因此可推断出“stiffer”在这里的意思是“更硬，更不易弯曲”。故选D项。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段“This indicates chimps may pssess “flk physics” — an instinctive understanding f material prperties that guides their tl selectin. Their engineering skills invlve careful material testing rather than randm chices.(这表明黑猩猩可能具备‘民间物理学’——一种对物质特性的本能理解，这种理解指导着它们对工具的选择。它们的工程技能体现在对材料的仔细测试上，而非随意的选择)”可知，研究揭示了黑猩猩在制作工具时遵循了一个有意识的过程，它们会根据材料的机械性能来选择合适的材料。故选A项。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。根据最后一段“The research raises questins abut hw such knwledge is passed between generatins, such as yung chimps learning by bserving their mthers. It als helps scientists understand early human tl-making skills that left n physical evidence. Dr. Adam van Casteren, a bimechanics expert, nted: “Thugh wden tls rarely survive in ancient sites, the mechanical rules behind effective tls remain cnsistent acrss species.” This cmparative apprach helps recnstruct physical requirements that shaped early human technlgy, ffering clues abut prehistric tl use that archaelgy cannt preserve.(这项研究引发了关于此类知识在代际之间如何传承的疑问，比如幼年黑猩猩是通过观察母亲来学习的。它还帮助科学家理解早期人类的工具制作技能，这些技能没有留下任何实物证据。生物力学专家亚当·范·卡斯特伦博士指出：‘尽管木制工具在古代遗址中很少能保存下来，但有效工具背后的机械原理在不同物种中是保持一致的。’这种比较方法有助于重建塑造早期人类技术的物理要求，为考古学无法保存的史前工具使用情况提供了线索)”可知，最后一段主要介绍了这项研究的意义。故选B项。
D
The 18th century German philspher Immanuel Kant lived very firmly in a wrld f time. He was s strict abut rutine that his fellw citizens f Kcnigsberg culd set their watches by his afternn walk. Hwever, in his philsphical wrk, Kant was dubtful abut time. He believed time is created by the human mind. Out there beynd ur minds, there is n time. It’s simply a “categry” f ur minds that helps us t perceive bjects and rder ur experience.
The flexibility f ur time perceptin (感知) supprts Kant’s dubt. We all knw time is nt a fixed phenmenn but seems t pass at different speeds in different situatins. Fr example, it seems t g slwly when we travel t unfamiliar places, r when we are bred r in pain. It seems t speed up when we’re absrbed, such as when we play music r paint.
Our perceptin f time can change in a dramatic way. Perhaps, at least nce in yur life, yu’ve had what is called a “Time Expansin Experience (TEE),” when secnds have stretched ut int minutes. TEEs happen mst frequently in accidents where perceptin becmes mre intense than nrmal and thus peple ntice mre details.
In accident situatins, peple are ften surprised by the amunt f time they have t think and act. In fact, many peple are cnvinced that time expansin red them frm their serius injury, r even death. Fr example, a wman wh reprted a TEE in which she avided a metal barrier falling n t her car said, “Fr me the slwing dwn f the mment allwed me t decide hw t escape the falling metal n us.”
All f this suggests that Kant was right. Perhaps the reasn why time is variable is because it desn’t really exist—at least, utside ur minds. There is n bjective time ut there in the universe. What we experience as time is filtered (过滤) thrugh ur minds, and s varies accrding t ur state f mind.
12. Which f the fllwing wuld Immanuel Kant apprve f?
A. Time is a basic quality f the wrld.
B. Time is a recrd f human experience.
C. Time is a situatin measured by daily rutine.
D. Time is a mental cncept generated by humans.
13. What is the main idea f paragraph 2?
A. Time prgresses at a cnstant speed.
B. Full attentin affects peple’s sense f time.
C. Time perceptin varies depending n cntext.
D. Peple feel time slws dwn n special ccasins.
14. What d peple think f TEEs in accidents?
A. Inspiring.B. Beneficial.C. Temprary.D. Painful.
15. What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. The Secret f Time: A State f Mind
B. Time Expansin: Real r Imaginary?
C. Time Perceptin: A Philsphical Explratin
D. The Clckwrk f the Mind: Hw t Measure Time?
【正确答案】12. D 13. C 14. B 15. A
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了康德的时间主观性理论及人类时间感知的弹性现象。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“He believed time is created by the human mind. Out there beynd ur minds, there is n time. It’s simply a “categry” f ur minds that helps us t perceive bjects and rder ur experience. (他相信时间是由人类的思想创造的。在我们的意识之外，没有时间。它只是我们思维的一个“范畴”，帮助我们感知物体并安排我们的经验)”可知，康德会认可“时间是人类产生的一种精神概念”这一观点。故选D。
【13题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段中“The flexibility f ur time perceptin (感知) supprts Kant’s dubt. We all knw time is nt a fixed phenmenn but seems t pass at different speeds in different situatins. Fr example, it seems t g slwly when we travel t unfamiliar places, r when we are bred r in pain. It seems t speed up when we’re absrbed, such as when we play music r paint. (我们对时间感知的灵活性支持了康德的怀疑。我们都知道时间不是一个固定的现象，在不同的情况下似乎以不同的速度流逝。例如，当我们去不熟悉的地方旅行时，或者当我们感到无聊或痛苦时，它似乎走得很慢。当我们全神贯注的时候，比如当我们玩音乐或画画的时候，它似乎会加速)”可知，该段主要讲时间感知因情境而异。故选C。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段中“In accident situatins, peple are ften surprised by the amunt f time they have t think and act. In fact, many peple are cnvinced that time expansin red them frm their serius injury, r even death. Fr example, a wman wh reprted a TEE in which she avided a metal barrier falling n t her car said,“Fr me the slwing dwn f the mment allwed me t decide hw t escape the falling metal n us. ” (在发生事故的情况下，人们常常会惊讶于他们必须思考和行动的时间。事实上，许多人相信时间膨胀使他们免于重伤，甚至死亡。例如，一位女士报告说，她在时间膨胀中避开了掉到她车上的金属障碍物，她说：“对我来说，减速的那一刻让我决定如何逃离落在我们身上的金属)”可知，人们认为在事故中的时间膨胀体验是有益的。故选B。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其根据最后一段“What we experience as time is filtered (过滤) thrugh ur minds, and s varies accrding t ur state f mind. (随着时间的流逝，我们所经历的一切都被我们的思维过滤了，因此随着我们的精神状态而变化)”可知，文章开篇介绍康德认为时间是由人类思维创造的，接着通过讲述时间感知的灵活性以及时间膨胀体验等内容，说明了时间是因我们的精神状态而变化的，所以选项A“时间的秘密：一种精神状态”能很好地概括文章主旨。故选A。
第二节 (共 5 小题，每小题 2.5 分，满分 12.5 分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
It’s a jyful and stressful time f year in the United States fr students and their families as they make decisins abut where t attend cllege. Families ften turn t rankings systems t help make a decisin. ____16____
When I talk t families as a schlar f higher educatin, they’re ften surprised that teaching excellence is nt cunted in rankings. ____17____
Emerging research suggests that curses in lwer-ranked universities, n average, scred higher n teaching than curses in higher-ranked universities. ____18____ The absence f teaching excellence frm the rankings is surprising given the link between high-quality teaching and student success. Quality teaching is ne f the mst imprtant predictrs f a wide range f cllege utcmes.
Rankings, hwever, are nly ne reasn why a lw value is placed n teaching in higher educatin. Administratrs ften dn’t view teaching excellence as a way t increase enrlment (注册) r funding. ____19____ Research shws that the mre time instructrs spend n teaching, the lwer their salary. What is the result? Many instructrs cntinue t teach using traditinal lectures, which lead t lwer success rates.
____20____ Nevertheless, nt much will change until schls with high-quality teaching are rewarded with mre resurces, higher rankings and increased enrlments. In the lng term, universities, rganisatins that rank schls, and thers shuld wrk t make teaching a valued, cre part f the missin.
What shuld students and their families d? They shuld give strng cnsideratin t universities where high-quality teaching is valued, even thugh the schls may be ranked lwer.
A. Higher educatin has achieved its true ptential.
B. Therefre, it’s nt highly valued in hiring r prmtin.
C. Quality teaching has been an imprtant reputatin-building factr.
D. Hwever, the rankings ignre a critical factr: the quality f teaching.
E. Effrts t imprve teaching at the university level have recently emerged.
F. They’re even mre surprised at hw teaching is undervalued by universities.
G. In fact, universities ften shift emphasis frm teaching t ther ranking factrs.
【正确答案】16. D 17. F 18. G 19. B 20. E
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要就如何选择高校提供了一些建议。
【16题详解】
根据空前内容“It’s a jyful and stressful time f year in the United States fr students and their families as they make decisins abut where t attend cllege. Families ften turn t rankings systems t help make a decisin.(对于美国的学生和他们的家人来说，这是一年中既快乐又紧张的时刻，因为他们要决定去哪里上大学。家庭经常求助于排名系统来帮助做决定。)”可知，美国的学生和家人们在决定去哪儿上大学时，经常求助于排名系统。而根据下文第三段“Emerging research suggests that curses in lwer-ranked universities, n average, scred higher n teaching than curses in higher-ranked universities. (最新的研究表明，排名较低的大学的课程在教学方面的平均得分高于排名较高的大学的课程。)”可推断出，本文主要讲述的是排名方面出现的问题。选项D“Hwever, the rankings ignre a critical factr: the quality f teaching.(然而，排名忽略了一个关键因素：教学质量。)”延续上文内容，指出大学排名存在的问题；而根据下文内容也可以推断，排名中存在的问题是教学质量被忽略。故选D。
【17题详解】
根据空前内容“When I talk t families as a schlar f higher educatin, they’re ften surprised that teaching excellence is nt cunted in rankings.(作为一名研究高等教育的学者，当我与一些家庭交谈时，他们常常惊讶地发现，优秀的教学水平并没有被纳入排名。)”可知，大学排名中优秀的教学水平并没有被纳入排名让人们觉得很惊讶。选项F“They’re even mre surprised at hw teaching is undervalued by universities.(更让他们惊讶的是，大学竟然低估了教学的价值。)”延续上文内容，指的都是大学排名忽略教学质量。其中“mre surprised”和上文的“surprised”保持一致。故选F。
【18题详解】
空前内容“Emerging research suggests that curses in lwer-ranked universities, n average, scred higher n teaching than curses in higher-ranked universities.(最新的研究表明，排名较低的大学的课程在教学方面的平均得分高于排名较高的大学的课程。)”以及空后内容“The absence f teaching excellence frm the rankings is surprising given the link between high-quality teaching and student success. Quality teaching is ne f the mst imprtant predictrs f a wide range f cllege utcmes.(考虑到高质量教学与学生成功之间的联系，排名中没有优秀教学令人惊讶。优质教学是衡量大学成绩的最重要因素之一。)”讲述的都是大学排名中没有考虑到教学。选项G“In fact, universities ften shift emphasis frm teaching t ther ranking factrs.(事实上，大学经常把重点从教学转移到其他排名因素上。)”与上下文内容相一致，故选G。
【19题详解】
根据空前内容“Rankings, hwever, are nly ne reasn why a lw value is placed n teaching in higher educatin. Administratrs ften dn’t view teaching excellence as a way t increase enrlment (注册) r funding.(然而，排名只是高等教育中对教学重视程度较低的一个原因。管理者通常不会将卓越的教学视为增加入学率或资金的一种方式。)”可知，上文分析了教学不被纳入排名的原因，该空应该讲其后果。选项B“Therefre, it’s nt highly valued in hiring r prmtin.(因此，它在招聘或晋升中不受重视。)”是上文内容的延续，正因为管理人员通常不把卓越的教学视为增加入学率或增加资金的一种方式，所以教学在招聘和晋升中不受重视。故选B。
【20题详解】
根据下文内容“Nevertheless, nt much will change until schls with high-quality teaching are rewarded with mre resurces, higher rankings and increased enrlments. In the lng term, universities, rganisatins that rank schls, and thers shuld wrk t make teaching a valued, cre part f the missin.(尽管如此，在拥有高质量教学的学校获得更多资源、更高排名和增加入学人数之前，不会有太大变化。从长远来看，大学、学校排名组织和其他机构应该努力使教学成为使命的一个有价值的核心部分。)”可知，此处算是站在大学的角度，提出如何把教学当成他们的首要核心任务。根据“Nevertheless”可知，空处内容和下文内容存在转折关系。选项E“Effrts t imprve teaching at the university level have recently emerged.(在最近，努力改进教学水平的现象已经出现了。)”与下文形成转折，旨在说明，促使教学成为核心任务的艰巨性和重要性。故选E。
第三部分 语言运用 (共两节，满分 30 分)
第一节 (共 15 小题，每小题 1 分，满分 15 分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。
My father’s thrift (节俭) philsphy shaped my yuth. Unlike peers receiving pcket mney, I never gt a penny — nt ut f cruelty, but t build ____21____. Each mrning, he’d nte, “Mrs. Wilsn needs her garden ____22____; Mr. Catter requires help srting bttles.” I earned cins thrugh ____23____ wrk in the neighbrhd: sweeping leaves, clearing snw and planting trees.
Savings filled my tin, its weight shwing my grwing ____24____. Thugh he ccasinally brrwed frm it fr emergencies (a flat tire r a medical bill), ____25____ was exact and timely. When I lst tw mnths’ earnings in a(n) ____26____ lemnade business, his nly wrds were, “Live and learn.” At twelve, I cnsidered this cruel; at thirty, I ____27____ its wisdm — true lessns grw thrugh ding.
Mdern thrift educatin ____28____ saving, but ignres its key pint: earning. Father believed “Earned cins teach value; given cins generate greed” — a truth many families verlk while ____29____ thrift. By delivering papers at dawn and washing cars at dusk, I learned that true thrift is a triad (三位一体): earn thrugh _____30_____, save with intentin, spend with care. This tri, _____31_____ in classrms, rts in blistered (起水泡的) hands and difficult situatins.
_____32_____, the thrift I was brught up with stands in sharp cntrast t what I see in the wider wrld. 1.3 billin tns f fd are thrwn away annually while 800 millin starve. This phenmenn _____33_____ my Fd Rescue prject — redirecting leftver bakery gds t fd banks and training yuth t _____34_____ deserted furniture fr schls. Thrugh such acts, thrift becmes scial justice. As Father said, “Earning teaches respect fr resurces.” In ur wasteful era, thrift transfrms frm a _____35_____ discipline t cllective duty.
21. A. self-cntrlB. self-defenseC. self-relianceD. self-imprvement
22. A. remvedB. stamped nC. weededD. laid ut
23. A. vluntaryB. permanentC. dangerusD. seasnal
24. A. prideB. fearC. dubtD. respect
25. A. punishmentB. investmentC. repaymentD. dnatin
26. A. expandingB. failedC. illegalD. prfitable
27. A. ignreB. recallC. questinD. value
28. A. fcuses nB. departs frmC. mves beyndD. benefits frm
29. A. ppsingB. advcatingC. ignringD. realizing
30. A. creativityB. skillsC. labrD. talents
31. A. incmparableB. ppularC. unteachableD. bring
32. A. AccidentallyB. HweverC. CnsequentlyD. Instead
33. A. cmplicatesB. delaysC. replacesD. fuels
34. A. reuseB. remakeC. rearrangeD. regain
35. A. strictB. persnalC. strngD. internal
【正确答案】21. C 22. C 23. D 24. A 25. C 26. B 27. D 28. A 29. B 30. C 31. C 32. B 33. D 34. A 35. B
【导语】文章主要讲述了父亲节俭理念对“我”的影响及“我”的感悟与实践。
【21题详解】
考查名词。句意：不像同龄人收到零花钱，我从未得到过一分钱——不是出于残忍，而是为了培养我的自立能力。A. self-cntrl自我控制；B. self-defense自我防御；C. self-reliance自立；D. self-imprvement自我提升。根据后文“I earned cins thrugh ____ wrk”描述作者通过劳动赚取零用钱，可知这里是为了培养自立能力。
【22题详解】
考查动词。句意：每天早上，他都会说：“威尔逊太太需要她的花园除草；卡特先生需要帮忙整理瓶子。”A. remved去除；B. stamped n踩踏；C. weeded除草；D. laid ut布置好。根据上文“Mrs. Wilsn needs her garden”指花园需要除草。
【23题详解】
考查形容词。句意：我通过在附近做季节性的工作赚取零钱；扫落叶、铲雪和植树。A. vluntary自愿的；B. permanent永久的；C. dangerus危险的；D. seasnal季节性的。根据后文“sweeping leaves, clearing snw and planting trees”可知，这些工作都是季节性的。
【24题详解】
考查名词。句意：储蓄罐里装满了积蓄，它的重量显示了我日益增长的自豪感。A. pride自豪；B. fear恐惧；C. dubt怀疑；D. respect尊重。根据前文“Savings filled my tin”描述作者通过劳动赚取零用钱并储蓄起来，可知这里应该是日益增长的自豪感。
【25题详解】
考查名词。句意：虽然他偶尔会为了紧急情况（轮胎漏气或医疗账单）而借钱，但还款总是准确而及时。A. punishment惩罚；B. investment投资；C. repayment还款；D. dnatin捐赠。根据前文“brrwed frm it fr emergencies”可知，此处指还款。
【26题详解】
考查形容词。句意：当我在一个失败的柠檬水生意中损失了两个月的收入时，他只说了句：“吃一堑，长一智。”A. expanding扩大的；B. failed失败的；C. illegal非法的；D. prfitable有利可图的。根据前文“I lst tw mnths’ earnings”可知，此处指失败的生意。
【27题详解】
考查动词。句意：12岁时，我觉得这很残忍；30岁时，我珍视其中的智慧——真正的教训是通过实践获得的。A. ignre忽视；B. recall回忆；C. questin质疑；D. value珍视。根据后文“true lessns grw thrugh ding”可知，作者开始珍视其中的智慧。
【28题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：现代的节俭教育注重储蓄，但忽略了其关键点：赚钱。A. fcuses n注重；B. departs frm离开；C. mves beynd超越；D. benefits frm从……获益。根据后文“but ignres its key pint: earning”可知，现代的节俭教育注重储蓄。
【29题详解】
考查动词。句意：父亲认为“挣来的钱教会价值；给的钱滋生贪婪”——这是许多家庭在提倡节俭时忽视的一个真理。A. ppsing反对；B. advcating提倡；C. ignring忽视；D. realizing意识到。根据前文“a truth many families verlk”和后文“thrift”可知，此处指许多家庭在提倡节俭时忽视的一个真理。
【30题详解】
考查名词。句意：通过黎明时分送报纸和黄昏时分洗车，我了解到真正的节俭是三位一体的——通过劳动赚钱，有目的地储蓄，谨慎地消费。A. creativity创造力；B. skills技能；C. labr劳动；D. talents才能。根据前文“delivering papers at dawn and washing cars at dusk”可知，此处指通过劳动赚钱。
【31题详解】
考查形容词。句意：这种三位一体，在课堂上是学不到的，它源于起水泡的双手和艰难的处境。A. incmparable无比的；B. ppular受欢迎的；C. unteachable教不会的；D. bring无聊的。根据后文“in classrms”和“rts in blistered (起水泡的) hands and difficult situatins”可知，这种节俭的真谛需通过实践获得，课堂上教不会。
【32题详解】
考查副词。句意：然而，我从小所养成的节俭习惯与我所看到的更广阔世界中的种种现象形成了鲜明的对比。A. Accidentally偶然地；B. Hwever然而；C. Cnsequently结果；D. Instead反而。根据后文“the thrift I was brught up with stands in sharp cntrast t what I see in the wider wrld”和上文“I learned that true thrift is a triad (三位一体): earn thrugh ______, save with intentin, spend with care. This tri, ______ in classrms, rts in blistered (起水泡的) hands and difficult situatins.”可知，此处为转折关系用Hwever。
【33题详解】
考查动词。句意：这种现象激发了我开展“食物救援”项目——将面包店的剩余食物重新分配给食物银行，并培训年轻人为学校重新利用废弃的家具。A. cmplicates使复杂化；B. delays延迟；C. replaces取代；D. fuels激发，推动。根据前文“1.3 billin tns f fd are thrwn away annually while 800 millin starve.”和后文“my Fd Rescue prject”可知，看到浪费与短缺的对比，促使“我”开展项目。
【34题详解】
考查动词。句意同上。A. reuse重新利用；B. remake重制；C. rearrange重新安排；D. regain重新获得。根据后文“deserted furniture fr schls”可知，结合“节俭”主题，对废弃家具应是重新利用。
【35题详解】
考查形容词。句意：在我们这个浪费的时代，节俭已经从个人纪律转变为集体责任。A. strict严格的；B. persnal个人的；C. strng强壮的；D. internal内部的。根据前文“Thrugh such acts, thrift becmes scial justice.”和后文“t cllective duty”以及父亲对“我”个人的节俭教育可知，此处指节俭已经从个人纪律转变为集体责任。
第二节 (共 10 小题，每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China’s technlgical breakthrughs, accelerating rapidly in the past decade, have reshaped the landscapes f glbal ____36____ (innvate). The successful launch f the Chang’e-6 lunar prbe in 2024, which cllected samples frm the mn’s far side, ____37____ (demnstrate) extrardinary ce explratin capabilities f China already.
Quantum (量子) cmputing represents anther frntier ____38____ China leads. The Jiuzhang 3.0 prttype (原型), ____39____ (develp) by Chinese scientists, slved cmplex prblems in secnds that wuld take supercmputers years. Such prgress arises ____40____ sufficient investment in basic research, with natinal research spending rising by 10% annually since 2020.
In green technlgy, ____41____ China dminates are slar panel prductin and wind turbine installatin (涡轮机装置). By 2026, ____42____ (renew) energy will accunt fr 37% f its ttal electricity cnsumptin, significantly reducing carbn emissins. This cmmitment is reflected in the natin’s prmise ____43____ (achieve) carbn neutrality (碳中和) by 2060.
Artificial intelligence als thrives here. Shenzhen-based Huawei’s Ascend chips pwer AI systems are widely used in smart cities, ____44____ (make) urban management mre efficient. Internatinal partnerships, like the China-Eurpe jint Mars missin, ____45____ (far) prve that technlgical advancement knws n bundaries.
【正确答案】36. innvatin
37. has demnstrated
38. where 39. develped
40. frm 41. what
42. renewable
43. t achieve
44. making 45. further
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了中国过去十年在太空探索、量子计算、绿色技术及人工智能等多个科技领域的突破性进展及其全球影响。
【36题详解】
考查名词。句意：中国在过去十年中迅速加速的技术突破，重塑了全球创新的格局。glbal为形容词，修饰名词，所以空处应用名词innvatin，表示“创新”，作f的宾语。故填innvatin。
【37题详解】
考查时态。句意：2024年，嫦娥六号月球探测器成功发射，从月球背面采集样本，这已经展示了中国非凡的太空探索能力。根据already可知，句子应用现在完成时，主语是the successful launch f the Chang’e-6 lunar prbe，是单数，所以助动词应用has，demnstrate的过去分词是demnstrated。故填has demnstrated。
【38题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：量子计算是另一个中国领先的前沿领域。空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词anther frntier，关系词在从句中作地点状语，所以应用关系副词where引导该从句。故填where。
【39题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：由中国科学家开发的九章3.0原型机在几秒钟内解决了超级计算机需要数年才能解决的复杂问题。空处作非谓语动词，develp与其逻辑主语The Jiuzhang 3.0 prttype之间是被动关系，所以应用过去分词develped作后置定语。故填develped。
【40题详解】
考查介词。句意：这样的进步源于对基础研究的充足投资，自2020年以来，国家研究支出每年增长10%。根据arises和sufficient investment in basic research可知，此处表示源于，应用介词frm，arise frm为固定短语，意为“源自；由……造成”。故填frm。
【41题详解】
考查主语从句。句意：中国主导的绿色技术是太阳能电池板生产和风力涡轮机安装。空处引导主语从句，从句中缺少dminates的宾语，表示“……的东西”，所以应用连接代词what引导该从句。故填what。
【42题详解】
考查形容词。句意：到2026年，可再生能源将占其总电力消耗的37%，显著减少碳排放。空处修饰名词energy，应用形容词renewable，表示“可再生的”，作定语。故填renewable。
【43题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：这一承诺体现在中国承诺到2060年实现碳中和。空处作非谓语动词，抽象名词prmise后接不定式作后置定语，the natin’s prmise t d sth.意为“承诺做某事”，所以空处使用动词不定式形式。故填t achieve。
【44题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：总部位于深圳的华为的昇腾芯片所驱动的人工智能系统在智慧城市中得到了广泛应用，使城市管理更加高效。空处作非谓语动词，make与其逻辑主语AI systems之间是主动关系，所以应用现在分词making作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果。故填making。
【45题详解】
考查副词比较级。句意：像中欧联合火星任务这样的国际合作进一步证明，技术进步是没有界限的。此处修饰动词prve，故用far的比较级形式further，意为“进一步”，further prve意为“进一步证明”。故填further。
第四部分 写作 (共两节，满分 40 分)
第一节 (满分 15 分)
46. 假定你是李华，你校部分学生常以各种理由请假，不参加课间跑活动，为此，请写一篇短文向校英文报投稿，内容包括：
1. 陈述现象；
2. 提出劝告和建议。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为 80 左右；
2. 请在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Shw up fr Inter-class Running
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【正确答案】例文
Shw up fr Inter-class Running
Nwadays, quite a few students in ur schl ask fr leave frm inter-class running with varius excuses, ranging frm slight physical discmfrt t unfinished schlwrk.
In fact, this daily running is a precius chance t build up ur physique and ease study pressure. We shuld take it seriusly rather than making up excuses t skip it. If yu really cannt run due t health issues, d ffer a frmal dctr’s nte. Otherwise, just step ut f the classrm and jin yur classmates in this beneficial exercise.
【导语】本篇书面表达要求考生以李华的身份，向校英文报投稿，围绕“Shw up fr Inter-class Running”主题，陈述部分学生找借口请假不参加课间跑的现象，并提出劝告和建议。
【详解】1. 词汇积累
各种各样的：varius → a variety f
借口：excuse → pretext
轻微的：slight → mild
缓解：ease → relieve
2. 句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Nwadays, quite a few students in ur schl ask fr leave frm inter-class running with varius excuses, ranging frm slight physical discmfrt t unfinished schlwrk.
拓展句：Nwadays, quite a few students in ur schl ask fr leave frm inter-class running with varius excuses, which range frm slight physical discmfrt t unfinished schlwrk.
【高分句型1】Nwadays, quite a few students in ur schl ask fr leave frm inter-class running with varius excuses, ranging frm slight physical discmfrt t unfinished schlwrk.（运用了现在分词作后置定语）
【高分句型2】If yu really cannt run due t health issues, d ffer a frmal dctr’s nte.（运用了if引导的条件状语从句）
第二节 (满分 25 分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Bear was nt a bear. She was a big dg n the Perkinses’ family farm, a wlly creature with flppy ears and paws like bedrm slippers. She prtected the ducks and chickens frm being eaten by fxes and raccns (浣熊) .
She guarded the children as well, watching ver them as clsely as she did the chickens and ducks. In winter the dg ran alngside the children as they sledded (滑雪橇) dwn snwy hills. In summer she swam with them in a nearby river.
Bear belnged t a breed (品种) that had lng been used by Atlantic fishermen t help with their wrk, and it had a keen instinct fr water rescue. When the children were in the river, the dg wuld swim in circles arund them, barking when she felt they went ut t far. She was the perfect farm dg — cmpanin, guardian, prtectr.
The dg’s favrite amng the three children was three-year-ld little Mike. They ften curled up tgether. Smetimes Bear wuld dze while Mike pretended t read t her. Often bth were sund asleep, a tangle f dark fur, blnd hair, small hands and huge paws. At bedtime, Mike saved his last hug fr Bear, his “best friend”.
On a cld winter day, when their parents went ut t send a parcel, eight-year-ld Martha, seven-year-ld Sara and Mike, went t slide n the frzen pnd f their farm. Shuting happily, they slid back and frth, their bts gliding easily acrss the ice. They laughed as they watched Bear’s attempts t stp suddenly, which wuld instead send her skidding beynd them. Then, tired, the three sat dwn n the ice, with Bear beside them. Suddenly the ice gave way under their cmbined weight.
As Bear jumped fr shre, the three children fell int the freezing cld water. Screaming, Martha and Sarah struggled t find fting n rcks underwater. Branches frm a tree nearby prvided handhlds, and using every bit f their strength, the tw girls pulled themselves t shre.
注意：1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卷的相应位置作答。
Paragraph 1: Lking back, they saw little Mike hlding n t a brken chunk (大块) f ice, unable t crawl nt it.
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Paragraph 2: Seeing that, Bear let ut a series f wfs and jumped int the water, heading straight fr Mike.
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【正确答案】
Lking back, they saw little Mike hlding n t a brken chunk f ice, unable t crawl nt it. Panic slammed int Martha and Sara like a hammer; their breaths came in harsh cluds as the wind hwled acrss the pnd. “Mike, keep yur arms up — dn’t let g!” Martha shuted, her vice cracking with fear. The by’s lips were turning a frightening shade f blue, and water slshed ver his bts each time the ice tilted. The sisters clung t a lw branch, but the thught f re-entering the frigid hle was unbearable. With n adults in sight and daylight fading, the brittle silence f the farm suddenly felt enrmus.
Seeing that, Bear let ut a series f wfs and jumped int the water, heading straight fr Mike. Pwerful strkes sliced the surface as spray flew frm her cat. When she reached him, she circled nce, nudging his armpit with her nse until Mike’s arms slid ver her brad shulders. Instinct tk ver. Gripping his jacket between her teeth, she turned tward shre and began twing her passenger. Martha and Sara lay flat n the ice, stretching a lng branch. The mment Bear’s paws scraped frzen grund, the girls hauled the by and the dg tgether, cllapsing in a trembling heap f relief.
【导语】本文以小狗Bear为线索展开，讲述了它保护着鸭子、鸡和孩子们。在一个寒冷冬日，三个孩子在农场池塘滑冰时冰面破裂，Martha和Sara上岸后发现Mike被困在冰上。
【详解】1. 段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“回头看，他们看到小Mike紧紧抓住一块破碎的冰，无法爬上去。”可知，第一段可描写Martha和Sara的惊慌失措以及Mike的危险处境，同时强调当时的寒冷和无助。
②由第二段首句内容“看到这一幕，Bear发出一连串的叫声，跳进水里，径直向Mike游去。”可知，第二段可描写Bear如何成功营救Mike，以及Martha和Sara在岸边的协助，最后大家都松了一口气。
2. 续写线索：冰面破裂——Mike被困——Bear营救——成功上岸
3. 词汇激活：
行为类
①大喊：shut/yell
②紧紧抓住：cling t/grasp/hld fast t
③到达：reach/get t
情绪类
①惊慌：panic/fright/terrr
②恐惧：fear/terrr/alarm
【高分句型1】Panic slammed int Martha and Sara like a hammer; their breaths came in harsh cluds as the wind hwled acrss the pnd. (运用了比喻修辞和从属连词as引导时间状语从句)
【高分句型2】When she reached him, she circled nce, nudging his armpit with her nse until Mike’s arms slid ver her brad shulders. (运用了从属连词when引导时间状语从句和until引导时间状语从句)
【高分句型3】Gripping his jacket between her teeth, she turned tward shre and began twing her passenger. (运用了现在分词作伴随状语)