2026年高考英语终极冲刺讲义练习(全国通用)清单05定语从句与名词性从句(抢分清单)(学生版+解析)

这是一份2026年高考英语终极冲刺讲义练习(全国通用)清单05定语从句与名词性从句(抢分清单)(学生版+解析)，共6页。试卷主要包含了关系代词一览表，关系副词一览表，关系副词使用的特殊情况等内容，欢迎下载使用。

专题01 定语从句
一.关系词一览表
1.关系代词一览表
2.关系副词一览表
二.关系词使用情况
1.限制性定语从句中, 当先行词表示事物时,只用that不用which的情况
(1)先行词是all, much, little, smething, everything, anything, nthing, nne等不定代词时。
(2)先行词被the nly, any, few, n, very等修饰时。
(3)先行词是形容词的最高级或序数词或被形容词的最高级、序数词修饰时。
(4)先行词既有人又有物时。
(5)主句的主语是疑问词wh或which时。
If I run int anything that might interest yu, I’ll send it t yu. (不定代词) 如果我遇到你可能感兴趣的东西，我会发给你的。
After the fire in his huse, the ld car is the nly thing that he wns. (the nly) 他的房子失火后，那辆旧车是他唯一拥有的东西。
When it cmes t Jinan, the first that cmes t mind is the spring water.(序数词) 说到济南，首先想到的就是泉水。
My mther and her ld friends talked f things and persns that they remembered in the schl.(人+物)我母亲和她的老朋友们谈论着他们在学校里记得的人和事。
2.只用which不用that的情况
(1)引导非限制性定语从句时。
(2)先行词为物，关系代词充当介词的宾语，且介词位于关系代词之前时。
(3)先行词本身是that时。
(4)关系代词后有插入语时。
Cruse’s dg, which was very ld, became ill and died. 克鲁索的狗很老，生病死了。
This is the reference bk f which the teacher is speaking. 这就是老师正在讲的那本参考书。
3. as与which在非限制定语从句中的区别
As is knwn t all, great changes have taken place in China. 众所周知，中国发生了巨大的变化。
Tm was late fr schl again and again, which made his teacher very angry. 汤姆一次又一次上学迟到，这使他的老师很生气。
附录：
常用as 的结构：as anybdy can see，as we all knw，as we expected，as is reprted，as has been annunced，as is ften the case，as 常常位于句首。
4. whse引导的非限制性定语从句修饰物时，“whse＋名词”可以换为“the＋名词＋f which”；修饰人时，可以换为“the＋名词＋f whm”。
The newly built cafe，the walls f which(＝whse walls) are painted light green，is really a peaceful place fr us，especially after hard wrk.这家新建成的咖啡馆，它的墙壁被刷成了浅绿色，对我们来说，这真是一个安静的地方，特别是在辛苦工作后。
5.关系副词使用的特殊情况
(1)有时先行词是表示抽象地点的名词，像activity，business，career，case，jb，pint，psitin，race，stage，situatin等，当从句中缺少状语时，用关系副词where。
(2)先行词ccasin意为“时机”时，用关系副词when；意为“场合”时，用关系副词where。
(3)当先行词way意为“方法、方式”，且在从句中作状语时，关系词可用that，in which或省略关系词。
I can remember very few ccasins when he had t cancel a meeting because f ill health.我记得他很少有因为健康不佳而不得不取消会议的情况。
Taking her with me n fficial ccasins where many imprtant figures are present has been a challenge.在很多大人物到场的正式场合带上她对我而言是一种挑战。
It’s nt what yu say；it’s the way(that/in which) yu say it.问题不在于你说什么，而在于你怎么说。
三.介词＋关系词
1.若介词放在关系代词之前，关系代词指人时常用whm，指物时常用which。
2.“介词＋关系代词”结构中介词的确定：一先二动三意义
(1)依据先行词的某种习惯搭配来确定；
(2)依据定语从句中动词的习惯搭配来确定；
(3)根据所表达的意思来确定。
I’ll never frget the time during which I spent my childhd in the cuntry.
我永远不会忘记在乡下度过的童年时光。
I bught a great many bks，n which I spent all my mney that I had saved.
我买了很多书，花光了所有的积蓄。
The clurless gas withut which we cannt live is called xygen.
没有它我们就不能生存的无色气体叫氧气。
四.定语从句中的主谓一致
(1)关系代词作从句的主语时，从句中谓语动词的人称和数要与先行词保持一致；先行词是句子时，从句的谓语动词用单数。
The car that has been given t me is hmemade.给我的那台车是国产的。
(2)“ne f＋复数名词”位于关系代词前作先行词，且关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词常用复数，但当ne前有the、the nly、the very等修饰时，从句的谓语动词要用单数。
He is ne f the students wh have made great prgress.他是取得很大进步的学生之一。
He is the nly ne f the students wh has made great prgress.他是这些学生中唯一一个取得很大进步的学生。
五.易混辨析
【温馨提示】名词性从句的语序必须是陈述语序。
D yu knw where will the party be held？(×)
D yu knw where the party will be held？(√)
1.(2025天津高考第一次)Within several mnths, Daniel helped raise $20,000, _______ a clinic was set up in Kenya.
A. with whmB. fr whmC. with whichD. fr which
2.(2025天津高考第二次)The Stne Age is the name given t the time ver 2,000,000 years ag, _______ life was very different frm tday.
A. whyB. whichC. whenD. where
3.(2025新高考I卷)An exhibitin at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwrk inspired by G, r weiqi in Chinese, _______ riginated in China mre than 4,000 years ag.
4.(2025新高考Ⅱ卷)Yet nw, I live in the cuntryside f Zhejiang, China with my Chinese husband and his family, _______ bamb and tea bushes(灌木) grw wild in the muntains.
5.(2025浙江1月)Tanya is als lking beynd special-ccasin dresses t less frmal clthing, _______ she plans t package as capsule wardrbes and ffer t travellers, such as thse headed t weddings abrad, with a lnger-term rental perid.
专题02 名词性从句
一. 名词性从句连接词一览表
二. 名词性从句连接词用法辨析
1. what与that的辨析
I think that it is a ppular bk. 我认为这是一本受欢迎的书。
I believe what/ the thing(s) that/ which he said because he is an hnest man.我相信他说的话，因为他是个诚实的人。
【温馨提示】that不可省略的两种情况
(1)that引导主语从句且从句置于句首时；that引导表语从句时；that引导同位语从句时；当it作形式宾语，that引导的从句作真正的宾语时。
(2)当主句谓语后接两个或两个以上的宾语从句时，第一个that可省略，其他的that不可省略。
She said (that) her ambitin was t enter a key university，that she wuld study hard t make her dream cme true，and that she wuld live up t her parents’ expectatins.她说她的志向是考上一所重点大学，她会努力学习，实现自己的梦想，不辜负父母的期望。
2. whether与if的用法
The questin is whether technlgy is ging t be ur servant r ur master.
问题是，技术将成为我们的仆人还是主人。
He ften dubts whether/if he is adequate as a father.
他常常怀疑自己是否够格做父亲。
3. what，wh，which与whatever，whever，whichever 引导名词性从句的辨析
I dubt wh will win the match.
我疑惑谁将赢得这个比赛。
The gld medal will be awarded t whever wins the first place in the bicycle race.
在自行车比赛中获得第一名的人将获得金牌。
4. That was why…/ That was because/ The reasn was that…/ Why… was that… 辨析
I had a cld.That was why I didn’t attend schl. 我感冒了，因此我没去上学。
I didn’t attend schl. That was because I had a cld. 我没去上学，那是因为我感冒了。
The reasn why she was ill was that she had eaten bad meat. 她生病的原因是她吃了变质的肉。
Why we decided t put ff the match was that the weather was t terrible. 我们决定推迟比赛的原因是天气太糟糕了。
5. as if/thugh引导的表语从句
as if/thugh引导的表语从句通常置于系动词lk，seem，sund，be等后面，从句中既可以用虚拟语气，也可用陈述语气。
It sunds as if smebdy is kncking at/n the dr. 听起来好像有人在敲门。
She treats him as if he were a stranger. 她待他如陌生人。
附录：
1.It+be+名词+从句
It is a fact that... 事实是……
It is gd news that... ……是好消息
It is a questin that... ……是个问题
It is cmmn knwledge that... ……是常识
类似的可用于该结构的词还有:a pity、a wnder、a gd thing、n wnder、a surprise等。
2.It+be+形容词+从句
It is necessary that...有必要……
It is clear that... 很清楚……
It is likely that... 很可能……
It is imprtant that... 重要的是……
类似的可用于该结构的形容词还有:strange、natural、bvius、true、gd、wnderful、pssible、unlikely、unusual、certain、evident、wrthwhile、surprising、interesting、astnishing等。
3.It+be+过去分词+从句
It is said that...据说……
It is reprted that...据报道……
It has been prved that...已证明……
It must be pinted ut that...必须指出……
类似的可用于该结构的过去分词(词组)还有:knwn、estimated、expected、believed、thught、hped、nted、discussed、required、decided、suggested、demanded、made clear、fund ut等。
1.(2025天津高考第一次)_______he managed t finish the marathn inspired his classmates t push their limits in sprts.
A. WhatB. ThatC. WhetherD. When
2.(2025天津高考第二次)Knwing _______ yur weakness lies is ne f the first and mst challenging steps in learning t manage yurself.
A. thatB. whatC. hwD. where
时间：10分钟 满分：18分 得分：_______
一. 单项选择
1.(2026年天津市部分区高三质量调查试卷(一)Marie Curie, the pineering scientist, lived in an era _______ life was very different frm tday.
A. whenB. whereC. whichD. whse
2.(2026届天津蓟州区上仓中学高考模拟试卷英语试题(一)There is n experience yu can have _______ is mre exciting than ging bungee jumping.
A. asB. whatC. thatD. which
3.(2026年天津市静海区第一中学第二学期第一次适应性检测高三英语试题)I hnur endurance, perseverance, industry, because these are the means _______ men achieve great ends.
A. by whichB. fr whichC. in whichD. t which
4.(2026届天津市南开区南开中学2026高考英语首考冲刺练习(一)Their usual behavir reminded me f the fact that the best relatinship is ne _______ yur lve fr each ther is greater than yur need fr each ther.
A. whichB. thatC. in whichD. when
5.(2026届天津市南开区南开中学高考英语首考冲刺练习(一)Sctt’s team reached the Ple n 17 January 1912, _______ they were sn shcked t cme acrss the Nrwegian flag put by Amundsen’s team.
A. thatB. whichC. whenD. where
6.(2026届天津市东丽区2026届高三质量调研试卷(一)The cach clearly explained _______ they wuld be able t secure a victry in the final match next Sunday.
A. thatB. whatC. hwD. when
7.(2026年天津市部分区高三质量调查试卷(一)The mst valuable lessn frm this experience is _______ thse mistakes, if acknwledged, are ptential stepping stnes t grwth.
A. whetherB. whatC. thatD. hw
8.(2026届天津市三校联考第二学期高三一模)Architectural design ften pushes the bundaries f _______ peple think pssible, either in technlgy r in art.
A. thatB. whatC. hwD. which
9.(2026届天津市南开区南开中学高考英语首考冲刺练习(一)They didn’t discver until they happened t enter the rm _______ the painting had been stlen.
A. whichB. whenC. thatD. where
10.(2026届天津市南开区南开中学高考英语首考冲刺练习(一)After the exhausting jurney, the explrer recrded in his ntebk ________ he had seen and experienced in the mysterius valley.
A. hwB. whichC. whatD. whether
二. 单句语法填空
1.( 2025-2026学年天津市三校联考第二学期高三一模)REM is a crucial sleep stage _______ is imprtant fr brain health and fr helping enhance memry.
2.(2026届天津市第四十七中学高三年级第二学期考前测试)Because there was n frmal system t recrd trees’ survival rate, scientists launched a science prject, _______ was aimed at recrding it acrss the cuntry.
3.( 2025-2026学年天津市滨海新区紫云中学下学期高考一考模拟)Galile made many discveries, _______ which the mst imprtant is the discvery that the Earth mves arund the Sun.
4.( 2025-2026学年天津市河西区第二学期高三年级总复习质量调查(一)After years f hard wrk, she has finally reached a pint in her career _______ she needs t make a crucial decisin abut her future path.
5.( 2025-2026学年天津南开中学高三年级下学期第四次质量检测)The cmpany’s prfits culd fall sharply this quarter, in ________ case we might have t freeze hiring.
6.(2025-2026学年度湖南长沙市岳麓区湖南师范大学附属中学下学期高三英语周测)_______ struck me mst was such plain warmth.
7.(2025-2026学年河南信阳市浉河区信阳高级中学高三下学期03月测试(一)The idea _______ we can use light t recrd sund dates back t the 19th century.
8.(2025-2026学年河南信阳市浉河区信阳高级中学高三下学期03月测试(二)This is cnsistent _______ findings frm ther studies, which identify adult nature cnnectedness as the strngest predictr f _______ a child will becme clse t nature.
时间：10分钟 满分：16分 得分：_______
一. 单项选择
1. There are plans t intrduce flying taxis _______ will be statined n rftps arund busy cities.
A. thatB. whereC. whenD. as
2. Yu shuld stp in at ne f the many cffeehuses and enjy the charming atmsphere, _______ San Franciscans lve t d mst.
A. whereB. whenC. whichD. whse
3. The factry _______ we visited last mnth is ne f the leading prductin bases fr new energy vehicles in Nrth China.
A. whereB. whenC. thatD. what
4. Self-discipline is all _______ it takes t make yurself a better persn.
A. whatB. hwC. whichD. that
5. Dawsn is always in pursuit f perfectin. That’s why he has higher gals _______ thers may have been satisfied.
A. whereB. whatC. thatD. which
6. It remains unclear _______ the 2026 Spring Festival Gala pwered by AI, will bring t the audience in terms f artistic expressin and cultural cmmunicatin.
A. whatB. thatC. hwD. whether
7. There is n dubt that _______ parents behave in the family has a great effect n their children’s physical and mental develpment.
A. whichB. whatC. hwD. where
8. —What makes yu s upset?
—_______ I have misplaced my passprt befre the trip.
A. BecauseB. AsC. SinceD. That
二. 单句语法填空
1. The jb interview is a situatin _______ yu can shw yur persnal ability and prfessinal skills t the emplyer.
2. The sharing ecnmy prvides a platfrm _______ which we can rent ut ur spare rms r unused items t thers.
3. My favrite place in the whle city was the Sempere Bkshp n Sant Ana, _______ wner wuld let me sit in a crner and read any bk I liked t my heart’s cntent.
4. Beijing is an ancient city, _______ is famus fr the Great Wall.
5. As we knw, Lst in Thailand is a very successful mvie, the cst f _______ is nly 30 millin yuan.
A. whichB. thatC. whseD. whm
6.Peple tday watch mbile phne mre than they buy bks, which is _______ they understand visual infrmatin far better than written infrmatin.
7. As I gt lder, trips back t Thanet pened my eyes t _______ I had left behind.
8. Make sure _______ yu are making accmmdatins thrugh _______(reputatin) sites fr travel.
关系代词
先行词
句法功能
wh
人
主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)、表语
whm
人
宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)
whse(=f whm/f which)
人或物
定语
that
人或物
主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)、表语
which
物
主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)
as
人或物
主语、宾语、表语
先行词
关系副词
在从句中的作用
与“介词＋关系代词”的关系
表示时间的名词：time，day，year等
when
作时间状语
＝at/in/n/during which
表示场所的名词：park，place，cuntry，huse等
where
作地点状语
＝in/at/t/n which
表示原因的名词：reasn
why
作原因状语
＝fr which
关系词
位置不同
表意不同
as
既可以放在主句前，也可以放在主句后，有时还可插入主句中
意为“正如……”，后面的谓语动词多用see，knw，expect，say，mentin，reprt等
which
通常放在主句之后
意为“这一点”或“这件事”等
定语从句与并列句
两个句子之间若有and，but，s等并列连词或分号则为并列句，此时不需要再填引导词。
定语从句与独立主格结构
定语从句有谓语动词，所以需要引导词，而独立主格结构不是句子，没有谓语动词，所以不需要再填引导词。
定语从句与地点状语从句
定语从句有表示地点的先行词，而地点状语从句则没有；定语从句修饰的是先行词，而地点状语从句修饰的是谓语动词。
定语从句与时间状语从句
定语从句有表示时间的先行词，而时间状语从句则没有；定语从句修饰先行词，而时间状语从句修饰谓语动词。
定语从句与结果状语从句
在the 与结构中，as引导定语从句并在从句中充当一定的成分；引导的结果状语从句中，that在从句中不作成分。
定语从句与主语从句
定语从句是形容词性从句，其作用相当于一个形容词，在整个句子中作定语，用来修饰前面的名词或代词；而主语从句是名词性从句，其作用相当于一个名词，在整个句子中作主语。
定语从句与强调句型
强调句的结构为“It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/wh＋其他部分”，It is/was和that/wh在句中不作任何成分，也不起连接作用，去掉后，句子依然完整。但是定语从句的关系词既起连接作用还在从句中充当成分，去掉以后结构就不完整了。
解题三步走
第一步：根据是否修饰某一名词，放在该名词之后确定是不是定语从句。
第二步：根据从句中是否缺主语或宾语确定用关系代词还是关系副词。如果从句缺主语或宾语，则用关系代词；如果不缺主语或宾语，则使用关系副词(或者“介词＋which”)
第三步：根据先行词具体所指，确定是哪个关系代词或者关系副词。
引导词
功能
从属
连词
that
在从句中不作任何成分，也没有词汇意义
whether, if
在从句中不作任何成分，意为“是否”
because, as if/thugh
在从句中不作任何成分，分别意为“因为”“好像”
连接代词
wh(ever), whm(ever), what(ever), whse, which(ever)
wh(ever)和what(ever)在从句中作主语、宾语或表语；
whm(ever)在从句中作宾语；
which(ever)在从句中作主语、宾语；
whse在从句中作定语
连接副词
when(ever), where, wherever, why, hw(ever)
在从句中作状语
that
从属连词，在名词性从句中不充当任何成分，也没有任何意义。
what
连接代词，在名词性从句中充当成分，通常充当主语、宾语或表语。也可以表示相当于“名词/代词+关系代词引导的定语从句”的结构,意思是“所……的事/物”, 相当于the thing(s) that/which...。
Whether/if可互换
引导大部分动词后的宾语从句时，两者均可使用；it作形式主语，且主语从句在句末时，两者均可引导主语从句。
用whether不用if互换
引导主语从句置于句首时；引导表语从句和同位语从句时；引导介词的宾语从句时；引导词与r nt连用时；引导词后接t d时；有些动词如discuss，decide等后的宾语从句。
what，wh，which
what引导名词性从句意为“什么”，带有疑问意味；意为“……的事情”，表示肯定的意思。wh意思是“谁”，带有疑问意味；which意思是“哪一个”，带有疑问意味
whatever，whever，whichever
whatever，whever，whichever意思分别为“所……的一切事或东西”，“任何……的人”“……的任何一种东西”等，并且充当成分，相当于anything that，anyne wh等。
That was why…
那就是……的原因，强调结果
That was because…
那是因为……，强调原因
The reasn was that…
句子的主语为the reasn时，表语从句用that引导，表示原因，此时不用because。
Why… was that…
由why引导的从句作主语时，表语从句用that引导
解题三步走
第一步：根据两句之间的意义和逻辑关系，或者根据句式结构判断是否是名词性从句。
第二步：一旦判断是名词性从句，就根据名词性从句中缺少什么句子成分来确定选用什么连接词。若从句中缺少主语、宾语或表语，用连接代词。指物用what，whatever；指人用wh，whever。
第三步：如果不缺少主语或宾语，要看从句是否有疑问。如果没有疑问用that，有疑问则根据句意使用when，where，why，hw，whether等。