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      2026年高考英语终极冲刺讲义练习(全国通用)查漏补缺09应用文写作(原卷版+解析)

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      这是一份2026年高考英语终极冲刺讲义练习(全国通用)查漏补缺09应用文写作(原卷版+解析),共6页。试卷主要包含了 raise / rise等内容,欢迎下载使用。
      高考英语应用文写作作为书面表达核心题型,分值稳定占25分,是整张试卷的高分拉分关键,近5年全国卷与新高考卷命题形式固定、体裁清晰,侧重考查日常交际与实用表达,难度适中但失分率居高不下。结合三轮复习节奏,一轮聚焦基础词汇句型积累,二轮侧重各类体裁模板梳理搭建框架,三轮则是突破提分的核心阶段,核心目标为查漏补缺,针对性攻克易混用词、语法错误、格式疏漏、表达不规范等高频失分点。高考常考书信、邮件、通知、演讲稿、倡议书、日记、新闻报道等多类体裁,看似有模板可循,但学生极易因词汇搭配失误、句型单一呆板、细节语法出错、格式不符合要求丢掉基础分。本专题精准聚焦应用文专属易混词、核心高分句型、标准化答题规范,全面规避失分陷阱,强化语言准确性与行文流畅度,助力学生稳住基础分、冲刺满分,为英语总分突破筑牢根基,实现从及格到高分的跨越式提升。
      本专题涵盖的应用文核心词汇、固定搭配与基础句型,全部源自人教版、外研版高中英语必修第一册至选择性必修第四册,覆盖高一至高三全学段教材内容。核心知识点重点分布在必修1-2的基础交际用语、必修3-4的应用文体裁专用句型,以及选择性必修1-4的高级表达与复杂搭配,是对教材核心知识的专项提炼与应用转化,紧扣三轮复习回归课本的理念,帮助学生夯实本源,杜绝脱离教材盲目刷题的低效复习模式。

      本板块为高考英语应用文写作三轮复习核心提分内容,全面覆盖学生写作过程中高频出错、高考真题常考、极易隐性丢分的词汇、短语、句型、格式四大类考点,按照易混动词辨析、易混名词辨析、易混介词搭配、易混过渡词/连接词、易错句型结构、应用文格式易错点六大模块系统梳理,共计130余组核心易错点。每组内容均遵循“核心易混项+易错点剖析+核心搭配+应用文原创例句+正误对比解析”的逻辑编写,所有例句完全适配书信、邮件、通知、演讲稿、倡议书、日记、报道、请假条等高考常考应用文体裁,拒绝脱离写作场景的无效例句,学生可直接背诵、套用、纠错,精准规避每一处失分陷阱,彻底解决应用文写作“会写但易错、有模板但丢分”的核心问题,助力写作稳拿基础分、冲刺满分。
      模块一:应用文高频易混动词辨析(30组)
      动词是应用文写作的核心谓语支撑,也是搭配错误、词义混淆的重灾区,本组30组动词均为近5年高考应用文真题、模拟题中出现频率最高、学生写错最多的易混项,重点区分词义差异、用法边界、固定搭配,结合书信建议、活动通知、演讲稿呼吁、邮件回复等场景编写专属例句,逐一纠正高频错误。
      1. admit / recgnize
      词义与用法区分:admit 侧重“承认(过错、事实、真相);准许进入;接纳(入学/入会)”,后常接名词、代词、动名词,不可接不定式;recgnize 侧重“认出(曾经见过的人/事物);承认(公认的事实、地位);意识到”,多指视觉上的辨认或正式认可,不强调承认自身过错。
      核心搭配:admit (ding) sth 承认(做)某事;admit sb t/int sp 准许某人进入某地;admit f 容许;recgnize sb/sth 认出某人/某物;recgnize + that从句 承认/意识到;be recgnized as 被公认为。
      应用文原创例句:① I sincerely admit that I made a mistake in the email cntent and aplgize fr any incnvenience caused.(道歉信)② The schl will admit 50 new students t the English debate club next term.(招募通知)③ I recgnized yu immediately when yu came int the lecture hall despite the crwd.(邮件回复)
      正误对比:误:I admit t make a mistake in the plan. 正:I admit making a mistake in the plan. / I admit that I made a mistake in the plan.(解析:admit后不可接动词不定式,只能接动名词或that从句);误:I recgnized his mistake in public. 正:I admitted his mistake in public.(解析:recgnize不用于承认他人过错,仅用于辨认或认可事实)。
      高考失分提醒:道歉信、检讨书必用admit,辨认人物、认可身份用recgnize,90%的错误集中在admit后接不定式的结构。
      2. affrd / ffer / prvide
      词义与用法区分:affrd 侧重“负担得起(时间、金钱、后果);提供(抽象事物)”,常与can/culd/be able t连用,主语多为人;ffer 侧重“主动提出;自愿给予;提供(帮助、机会、物品)”,强调主动性,后可接双宾语或不定式;prvide 侧重“供应;提供(所需物品、服务、条件)”,强调满足需求,不强调主动,固定搭配为prvide sb with sth / prvide sth fr sb。
      核心搭配:can affrd sth/t d sth 负担得起某物/做某事;ffer sb sth / ffer sth t sb / ffer t d sth 主动给某人某物/主动做某事;prvide sb with sth / prvide sth fr sb 为某人提供某物。
      应用文原创例句:① I am afraid I can’t affrd the time t attend the ffline meeting due t my heavy study task.(请假邮件)② Our club will ffer free guidance bks t every new member this mnth.(招募通知)③ The schl will prvide a cmfrtable lecture hall and necessary equipment fr the upcming speech cntest.(活动通知)
      正误对比:误:The schl prvides us students free bks. 正:The schl prvides us students with free bks. / The schl prvides free bks fr us students.(解析:prvide无双宾语结构,必须加介词with/fr);误:I affrd t help yu with the prject. 正:I can affrd t help yu with the prject. / I ffer t help yu with the prject.(解析:affrd必须与情态动词连用,表主动帮助用ffer更贴合应用文语境)。
      高考失分提醒:通知、建议信中常用prvide表提供物资/条件,求助信、回复信用ffer表主动帮助,affrd仅用于表负担能力,三者搭配结构是高频失分点。
      3. accept / receive
      词义与用法区分:accept 侧重“主观上接受(邀请、建议、道歉、物品)”,强调内心同意、愿意收下;receive 侧重“客观上收到(信件、礼物、通知)”,不强调是否愿意接受,仅表示动作发生。
      核心搭配:accept ne’s invitatin/aplgy/advice 接受某人的邀请/道歉/建议;accept a gift 收下礼物;receive a letter/email/ntice 收到信件/邮件/通知;receive training 接受培训(客观)。
      应用文原创例句:① I am mre than glad t accept yur kind invitatin t the graduatin ceremny.(邀请回复信)② I received yur email abut the vlunteer activity yesterday and have read it carefully.(邮件回复)③ We will nt accept any late applicatins fr the cmpetitin after the deadline.(招募通知)
      正误对比:误:I received yur invitatin but I dn’t want t g. 正:I received yur invitatin but I can’t accept it.(解析:客观收到用receive,主观拒绝接受需用accept对应);误:I accept a letter frm my pen pal last week. 正:I received a letter frm my pen pal last week.(解析:信件仅为客观收到,无主观接受含义,用receive)。
      高考失分提醒:邀请回复信、邮件回复是必考场景,收到客观事物用receive,主观愿意接受用accept,二者混用是应用文写作最常见动词错误之一。
      4. advise / suggest / persuade
      词义与用法区分:advise 侧重“劝告;建议”,为普通用词,语气正式,后可接sb t d sth、动名词、that从句(从句用虚拟语气shuld d,shuld可省略);suggest 侧重“提议;建议”,语气委婉,后接动名词、that从句(虚拟语气)、名词,不可接sb t d sth;persuade 侧重“说服;劝服”,强调劝说成功,后接sb t d sth / sb int ding sth,若未成功需用try t persuade。
      核心搭配:advise sb t d sth 建议某人做某事;advise ding sth 建议做某事;suggest ding sth 建议做某事;suggest that sb (shuld) d sth;persuade sb t d sth / sb int ding sth 说服某人做某事。
      应用文原创例句:① I strngly advise yu t take part in the English crner t imprve yur ral English.(建议信)② I suggest hlding a class meeting t discuss the details f the charity activity.(倡议书)③ I finally persuaded my parents t allw me t participate in the summer camp.(个人陈述)
      正误对比:误:I suggest yu t read mre English articles every day. 正:I suggest yu (shuld) read mre English articles every day. / I advise yu t read mre English articles every day.(解析:suggest不可接sb t d sth,只有advise可接该结构);误:I persuaded him but he refused. 正:I tried t persuade him but he refused.(解析:persuade暗含成功含义,未成功需加try t)。
      高考失分提醒:建议信为高考应用文高频体裁,advise和suggest的结构混淆是核心失分点,虚拟语气的使用也是扣分关键,persuade仅用于劝说成功的场景。
      5. jin / jin in / take part in
      词义与用法区分:jin 侧重“加入某个组织、团体、党派、人群”,成为其中一员,后接团队、组织、人群类名词;jin in 侧重“参加小规模的活动、游戏、讨论”,多指日常短暂活动,后接活动类名词,可省略in直接接sth;take part in 侧重“参加大型正式活动、比赛、会议、公益活动”,强调主动参与并发挥作用,为应用文最常用表达。
      核心搭配:jin the club/army/party 加入俱乐部/军队/党派;jin sb 加入某人;jin in the game/discussin 参加游戏/讨论;take part in the cntest/charity activity/meeting 参加比赛/公益活动/会议。
      应用文原创例句:① I am eager t jin the schl vlunteer team t help children in rural areas.(招募申请信)② All students are welcme t jin in the after-class discussin abut envirnmental prtectin.(班级通知)③ We hpe mre students will take part in the upcming sprts meeting and win hnrs fr ur class.(倡议书)
      正误对比:误:I want t jin the English speech cntest. 正:I want t take part in the English speech cntest.(解析:比赛为大型正式活动,用take part in,jin不可接活动);误:I take part in the student unin. 正:I jin the student unin.(解析:学生会为组织,用jin,而非take part in)。
      高考失分提醒:申请信、倡议书、活动通知必考该组易混词,加入组织用jin,参加活动用take part in,小规模日常活动用jin in,三者场景混用扣分率极高。
      6. raise / rise
      词义与用法区分:raise 为及物动词,侧重“举起;抬起;提高;筹集;养育”,必须接宾语,过去式/过去分词为raised;rise 为不及物动词,侧重“升起;上升;起身;上涨”,不可接宾语,过去式/过去分词为rse/risen,无被动语态。
      核心搭配:raise ne’s hand/vice 举手/提高嗓门;raise mney 筹集资金;raise the price/standard 提高价格/标准;rise early 早起;rise t ne’s feet 站起身;the sun/temperature rises 太阳/温度上升。
      应用文原创例句:① We plan t raise mney fr the hmeless peple thrugh a charity sale next week.(倡议书)② Please raise yur hand if yu have any questins during the lecture.(演讲稿/通知)③ The sun rises slwly frm the east, which is a beautiful scene t start ur vlunteer wrk.(活动日记)
      正误对比:误:The price rises every year. 正:The price rises every year.(正确,表价格上涨用不及物动词rise);误:I rise my hand t ask a questin. 正:I raise my hand t ask a questin.(解析:rise为不及物动词,不可接宾语,举手需用及物动词raise);误:We raised mney successfully last mnth. 正:We raised mney successfully last mnth.(正确)。
      高考失分提醒:倡议书、通知、演讲稿常用,核心区别为及物与不及物,raise接宾语,rise无宾语,被动语态误用、过去式写错是高频错误。
      7. lie (躺;位于) / lie (说谎) / lay (放置;下蛋)
      词义与用法区分:三组动词为高考高频易混点,变形和词义极易混淆:① lie(躺;位于):过去式lay,过去分词lain,现在分词lying,不及物动词,无宾语;② lie(说谎):过去式lied,过去分词lied,现在分词lying,不及物动词;③ lay(放置;下蛋;铺设):及物动词,过去式laid,过去分词laid,现在分词laying,必须接宾语。
      核心搭配:lie in bed 躺在床上;lie in sp 位于某地;lie t sb 对某人说谎;lay sth n the table 把某物放在桌上;lay eggs 下蛋。
      应用文原创例句:① The lecture hall lies in the suth f the schl campus, next t the library.(活动通知)② I never lie t my teachers r parents, which is my basic principle.(个人陈述)③ Please lay the necessary materials n the desk befre the meeting starts.(会议通知)
      正误对比:误:The schl lays in the center f the twn. 正:The schl lies in the center f the twn.(解析:表位于用lie,lay为及物动词需接宾语);误:He laid n the sfa and watched TV. 正:He lay n the sfa and watched TV.(解析:躺的过去式为lay,非laid);误:She lied the bk n the shelf. 正:She laid the bk n the shelf.(解析:放置用lay,过去式laid,lie无放置含义)。
      高考失分提醒:通知、日记、个人陈述中常考,核心记住变形规则:规则说谎(lied),不规则躺(lay/lain),下蛋放置才是laid(lay/laid/laid),分词形式易写错,务必牢记。
      8. attend / jin / take part in / participate in
      词义与用法区分:attend 侧重“出席;参加(正式场合:会议、讲座、婚礼、典礼、课程)”,强调到场,不强调参与活动;participate in 与take part in含义相近,更正式,侧重“参与活动并发挥作用”,后接活动,可互换;jin/jin in用法同前。
      核心搭配:attend a meeting/lecture/ceremny/class 出席会议/讲座/典礼/上课;participate in an activity/vlunteer wrk 参与活动/志愿工作。
      应用文原创例句:① All teachers and students are required t attend the pening ceremny n Mnday mrning.(学校通知)② I am willing t participate in the cmmunity service during the winter vacatin.(申请信)
      正误对比:误:I attend the ftball match. 正:I take part in/participate in the ftball match.(解析:比赛为参与活动,attend仅指出席,不用于比赛)。
      9. cause / lead t / result in
      词义与用法区分:三者均表“导致”,cause侧重“造成不好的结果”,语气最强,及物动词;lead t和result in侧重“引发某种结果”,可指好坏,t和in为介词,后接名词/动名词,无被动。
      核心搭配:cause truble/prblems 造成麻烦/问题;lead t/result in success/failure 导致成功/失败。
      应用文原创例句:① Being late fr the activity will cause unnecessary truble t the rganizer.(活动通知)② Laziness can lead t failure in the exam, s we shuld study hard.(演讲稿)
      正误对比:误:Hard wrk leads t succeed. 正:Hard wrk leads t success.(解析:t为介词,后接名词,非动词原形)。
      10. spend / cst / take / pay
      词义与用法区分:spend 主语为人,spend time/mney n sth/(in) ding sth;cst 主语为物/事,sth cst sb mney/time;take 主语为it/事,it takes sb time t d sth;pay 主语为人,pay fr sth 付款。
      应用文原创例句:① I spent tw hurs finishing the vlunteer wrk reprt yesterday.(活动报告)② The activity will cst us little mney and is very meaningful.(活动通知)
      正误对比:误:It spends me tw hurs t write the letter. 正:It takes me tw hurs t write the letter. / I spend tw hurs writing the letter.(解析:spend主语只能是人)。
      11. happen / take place / ccur
      词义与用法区分:三者均表示“发生”,均为不及物动词,无被动语态,不可接宾语。happen 侧重偶然、意外发生,多指突发事件、不幸事件,不可预知;take place 侧重有计划、有组织地发生,多指活动、会议、比赛等正式事件,必然性强;ccur 正式用词,可指偶然发生,也可指按计划发生,还可用于固定句型it ccurs t sb that…(某人突然想到),使用范围更广。
      核心搭配:sth happen t sb 某人发生某事;happen t d sth 碰巧做某事;take place 举行、发生;ccur t sb 某人突然想到;it ccurs t sb that… 某人突然想到。
      应用文原创例句:① A small accident happened t me n my way t the vlunteer activity yesterday.(活动说明邮件)② The schl art festival will take place in the schl hall next Friday.(活动通知)③ It ccurred t me that we culd prepare a small gift fr the elderly in the cmmunity.(倡议书)
      正误对比:误:The meeting was taken place last week. 正:The meeting tk place last week.(解析:三者均无被动语态,不可用被动形式);误:I happen meet yu at the schl gate. 正:I happen t meet yu at the schl gate.(解析:happen后接不定式,需加t)。
      高考失分提醒:通知、邮件、日记中高频考查,被动语态误用是核心错误,happen表偶然,take place表有计划,ccur侧重突然想到的句型,务必区分语境。
      12. brrw / lend / keep
      词义与用法区分:brrw 侧重“借入”,主语向他人借东西,常用搭配brrw sth frm sb,为短暂性动词,不可与时间段连用;lend 侧重“借出”,主语把东西借给他人,常用搭配lend sb sth / lend sth t sb,短暂性动词;keep 侧重“保存、保留、借用”,为延续性动词,可与时间段连用,表借某物多长时间。
      核心搭配:brrw sth frm sb 向某人借某物;lend sb sth / lend sth t sb 借给某人某物;keep sth fr + 时间段 借某物多久。
      应用文原创例句:① I wnder if I can brrw an English nvel frm the schl library.(申请邮件)② I can lend my ntebk t yu if yu need it fr the exam review.(求助信回复)③ Yu can keep this reference bk fr tw weeks and return it n time.(图书馆通知)
      正误对比:误:I have brrwed this bk fr three days. 正:I have kept this bk fr three days.(解析:brrw为短暂性动词,完成时不可与时间段连用,需用延续性动词keep);误:I lend a pen frm my classmate. 正:I brrw a pen frm my classmate.(解析:lend是借出,借入用brrw,搭配frm)。
      高考失分提醒:求助信、通知、邮件常用,延续性与短暂性动词区分是高频失分点,brrw和lend方向相反,keep接时间段,三者混用极易扣分。
      13. wear / dress / put n / in
      词义与用法区分:wear 及物动词,侧重“穿着、戴着”,强调状态,可接衣物、饰品、鞋帽,延续性动词;dress 可作及物/不及物动词,侧重“给某人穿衣服、打扮”,宾语为人,而非衣物,常用搭配dress sb / be dressed in;put n 侧重“穿上、戴上”,强调动作,短暂性动词;in 介词,后接衣物/颜色,表状态,构成短语作定语或表语,不可作谓语。
      核心搭配:wear a cat / glasses 穿外套/戴眼镜;dress sb 给某人穿衣服;be dressed in + 衣物/颜色;put n a jacket 穿上夹克;in red / a unifrm 穿着红色衣服/制服。
      应用文原创例句:① All participants are required t wear schl unifrms during the cmpetitin.(活动通知)② The little girl is dressed in a beautiful dress fr the graduatin ceremny.(活动报道)③ Please put n yur raincat befre ging ut fr the utdr activity.(通知)④ The girl in blue is my deskmate wh will take part in the speech cntest.(演讲稿)
      正误对比:误:She wears quickly and ges ut. 正:She puts n her clthes quickly and ges ut.(解析:wear表状态,不表动作,穿衣服动作用put n);误:He dresses a T-shirt. 正:He is dressed in a T-shirt. / He wears a T-shirt.(解析:dress宾语为人,非衣物)。
      高考失分提醒:通知、演讲稿、报道常用,状态与动作混淆、dress宾语误用是核心错误,in不可单独作谓语,需牢记词性差异。
      14. hpe / wish / expect
      词义与用法区分:hpe 侧重“希望”,多指可能实现的愿望,后接不定式或that从句,不可接hpe sb t d sth;wish 侧重“希望、祝愿”,多指难以实现或不可能实现的愿望,后接不定式、sb t d sth或虚拟语气从句,也可表祝福;expect 侧重“期待、预料、期望”,指有一定根据、很可能实现的期待,后接不定式、sb t d sth或that从句,语气客观。
      核心搭配:hpe t d sth / hpe that…;wish t d sth / wish sb t d sth / wish sb sth 祝愿某人某物;expect t d sth / expect sb t d sth / expect that…。
      应用文原创例句:① I hpe t take part in the summer camp rganized by ur schl.(申请信)② I wish yu a happy hliday and all the best in yur study.(祝福信)③ We expect all the students t arrive at the meeting rm n time.(通知)
      正误对比:误:I hpe yu t cme t my birthday party. 正:I hpe yu can cme t my birthday party. / I wish yu t cme t my birthday party.(解析:hpe不可接sb t d结构,wish和expect可接);误:I wish I can fly like a bird. 正:I wish I culd fly like a bird.(解析:wish表难以实现的愿望,从句用虚拟语气)。
      高考失分提醒:祝福信、申请信、通知必考,hpe sb t d结构错误是高频失分点,wish表虚拟,expect表客观期待,区分语气和结构。
      15. lk / watch / see / read
      词义与用法区分:lk 不及物动词,侧重“看”的动作,不强调结果,后接宾语需加at;watch 及物动词,侧重“观看、注视”,指长时间看移动、变化的事物,如比赛、电视、演出;see 及物动词,侧重“看见、看到”,强调看的结果,不可用于进行时;read 及物动词,侧重“阅读”,指看书、报、杂志、邮件等文字类内容。
      核心搭配:lk at sth 看某物;lk carefully 仔细看;watch a match / TV 看比赛/电视;see a film / dctr 看电影/医生;read a bk / email / ntice 看书/邮件/通知。
      应用文原创例句:① Please lk at the blackbard carefully and take ntes during the lecture.(通知)② We will watch a meaningful English mvie in the classrm this Friday.(班级通知)③ I am glad t see yur prgress in English writing.(邮件回复)④ Yu can read the detailed rules f the cmpetitin n the schl website.(活动通知)
      正误对比:误:I am lking a picture. 正:I am lking at a picture.(解析:lk不及物,接宾语加at);误:I read a ftball match last night. 正:I watched a ftball match last night.(解析:看比赛用watch,阅读文字用read)。
      高考失分提醒:通知、邮件、日记常用,动作与结果混淆、搭配介词遗漏是核心错误,看文字类必用read,看动态事物用watch,务必精准区分。
      16. listen / hear / sund
      词义与用法区分:listen 不及物动词,侧重“听”的动作,不强调结果,后接宾语加t;hear 及物动词,侧重“听见、听到”,强调听的结果,不可用于进行时;sund 系动词,侧重“听起来”,后接形容词作表语,无被动语态。
      核心搭配:listen t music / teacher 听音乐/听老师讲课;listen carefully 仔细听;hear a vice / news 听到声音/消息;sund gd / great 听起来不错。
      应用文原创例句:① Please listen t the hst carefully during the pening ceremny.(通知)② I heard that yu wn first prize in the speech cntest, cngratulatins!(祝贺信)③ Yur plan fr the charity activity sunds very practical and meaningful.(邮件回复)
      正误对比:误:I am listening music. 正:I am listening t music.(解析:listen不及物,接宾语加t);误:It sunds well. 正:It sunds gd.(解析:sund系动词,后接形容词,well作形容词指身体好,此处用gd)。
      高考失分提醒:通知、祝贺信、邮件常用,listen后漏t、sund后接副词是高频错误,动作listen,结果hear,感官sund,区分清晰。
      17. speak / tell / say / talk
      词义与用法区分:speak 侧重“说、讲话”,后接语言类名词,或用于固定搭配speak t sb(和某人讲话),不及物动词接人加t;tell 侧重“告诉、讲述”,后接双宾语tell sb sth / tell sb t d sth,指告诉某人某事、让某人做某事,还可表讲故事;say 侧重“说、讲”,强调说话内容,后接宾语为具体话语、从句,不可接人作宾语;talk 侧重“交谈、谈论”,不及物动词,搭配talk t / with sb(和某人交谈)、talk abut sth(谈论某事)。
      核心搭配:speak English / Chinese 说英语/汉语;speak t sb 和某人讲话;tell sb sth / tell sb t d sth / tell a stry 告诉某人某事/让某人做某事/讲故事;say sth t sb 对某人说某事;talk t / with sb abut sth 和某人谈论某事。
      应用文原创例句:① I can speak English fluently and want t be a vlunteer fr the internatinal event.(申请信)② The teacher tells us t arrive early fr the mrning reading every day.(班级通知)③ I want t say srry t yu fr my careless mistake.(道歉信)④ We can talk abut the activity details after class.(邮件)
      正误对比:误:I speak yu a wrd. 正:I say a wrd t yu. / I speak t yu.(解析:speak不可接双宾语,say接说话内容);误:He says t me t study hard. 正:He tells me t study hard.(解析:tell可接sb t d,say不可接该结构)。
      高考失分提醒:申请信、道歉信、通知高频考查,双宾语结构、介词搭配是核心失分点,speak接语言,tell接sb t d,say接内容,talk表交谈,务必牢记。
      18. grw / plant
      词义与用法区分:plant 及物动词,侧重“种植、栽种”,指栽种植物的具体动作,宾语为树苗、种子、花草等植物;grw 可作及物/不及物动词,侧重“种植、生长、培育”,既指种植动作,也指植物生长的过程,还可表示“成长、变得”,使用范围更广。
      核心搭配:plant trees / flwers 种树/种花;grw vegetables / flwers 种蔬菜/花;grw up 成长;grw fast 长得快。
      应用文原创例句:① We will plant mre trees in the schlyard t make ur campus mre beautiful.(倡议书)② The students in ur class grw sme green plants in the classrm.(班级活动报道)③ We hpe t grw up quickly and d mre things fr sciety.(演讲稿)
      正误对比:误:We grw trees n Tree Planting Day. 正:We plant trees n Tree Planting Day.(解析:种树的具体动作用plant,grw侧重培育生长过程)。
      高考失分提醒:倡议书、活动报道常用,plant仅表种植动作,grw含生长含义,语境区分清晰即可避免失分。
      19. learn / study
      词义与用法区分:learn 侧重“学习、学会、学到”,强调学习的结果,指获取知识、技能,还可表示“得知、了解”,后接不定式learn t d sth;study 侧重“学习、研究”,强调学习的过程,指深入学习、钻研知识,宾语为学科、知识,语气更正式。
      核心搭配:learn t d sth 学会做某事;learn frm sb 向某人学习;study English / math 学英语/数学;study hard 努力学习。
      应用文原创例句:① I want t learn t play the guitar in the after-schl club.(申请信)② We shuld study hard t get gd grades in the cllege entrance examinatin.(演讲稿)③ I learned frm the ntice that ur schl will hld a painting cmpetitin.(邮件)
      正误对比:误:I study t swim every weekend. 正:I learn t swim every weekend.(解析:学做某事、学会技能用learn,study侧重学科钻研)。
      高考失分提醒:申请信、演讲稿、日记常用,结果learn、过程study,learn t d为固定结构,不可混用study。
      20. win / beat
      词义与用法区分:win 及物/不及物动词,侧重“赢得、获胜”,宾语为比赛、奖项、奖品、战争、荣誉等事物,不可接人作宾语;beat 及物动词,侧重“打败、战胜”,宾语为对手、团队、个人等人或团体,过去式为beat,过去分词为beaten。
      核心搭配:win a match / prize / game 赢得比赛/奖项/游戏;win first place 获得第一名;beat sb / a team 打败某人/某个团队。
      应用文原创例句:① I hpe I can win first prize in the English writing cmpetitin.(申请信)② Our class team beat Class Tw in the basketball match last week.(活动报道)
      正误对比:误:I wn my ppnent in the game. 正:I beat my ppnent in the game.(解析:win不接人,beat接人或团队);误:I beat the first prize. 正:I wn the first prize.(解析:beat不接奖项,win接事物类宾语)。
      高考失分提醒:祝贺信、活动报道常用,宾语是人用beat,宾语是事物用win,过去式变形易出错,务必牢记。
      21. reach / arrive / get
      词义与用法区分:reach 及物动词,侧重“到达”,后直接接地点名词,无需加介词;arrive 不及物动词,侧重“到达”,接大地点加in,接小地点加at,不可直接接地点;get 不及物动词,口语化,侧重“到达”,后接地点加t,接副词(here/there/hme)不加t。
      核心搭配:reach sp 到达某地;arrive in + 大地点 / arrive at + 小地点;get t sp 到达某地;get hme / here / there 到家/到这里/到那里。
      应用文原创例句:① Please reach the schl gate befre 8 ’clck tmrrw mrning.(活动通知)② We will arrive at the museum at 9 ’clck and start ur visit.(通知)③ I hpe yu can get t the meeting rm n time.(邮件)
      正误对比:误:I reach t the park. 正:I reach the park.(解析:reach及物动词,不加介词t);误:We arrive hme at 6 pm. 正:We arrive hme at 6 pm. / We get hme at 6 pm.(解析:hme为副词,arrive和get后不加介词)。
      高考失分提醒:通知、邮件高频考查,介词搭配遗漏、误用是核心失分点,reach直接接地点,arrive加大地点in小地点at,get加大地点t,区分清晰。
      22. finish / cmplete / end
      词义与用法区分:finish 及物/不及物动词,侧重“完成、做完”,指完成日常任务、作业、活动等,后接动名词ding sth,口语常用;cmplete 及物动词,侧重“完成、竣工”,指完成工程、项目、计划等较正式的事物,语气正式,后接名词;end 及物/不及物动词,侧重“结束、终止”,指事物的结束、终止,不强调完成的动作,可作动词和名词。
      核心搭配:finish ding sth 完成做某事;finish hmewrk / task 完成作业/任务;cmplete a prject / plan 完成项目/计划;end the meeting / activity 结束会议/活动。
      应用文原创例句:① I will finish writing the vlunteer reprt befre this weekend.(邮件)② The wrkers will cmplete the cnstructin f the new playgrund next mnth.(学校通知)③ We will end the activity with a grup pht at 5 ’clck.(活动通知)
      正误对比:误:I finish t write my hmewrk. 正:I finish writing my hmewrk.(解析:finish后接动名词,不可接不定式);误:We end ur hmewrk n time. 正:We finish ur hmewrk n time.(解析:end表结束,不表完成作业,完成用finish/cmplete)。
      高考失分提醒:邮件、通知常用,finish ding结构错误是高频失分点,日常完成用finish,正式项目用cmplete,结束用end,精准区分。
      23. begin / start
      词义与用法区分:二者含义相近,均表示“开始”,多数情况下可互换,后接不定式或动名词;begin 正式用词,语气更庄重;start 口语化,还可表示“启动、发动、创办”,如启动机器、创办组织,含义更丰富。
      核心搭配:begin / start t d sth / ding sth 开始做某事;start a club / machine 创办俱乐部/启动机器。
      应用文原创例句:① The class meeting will begin at 4 ’clck this afternn.(班级通知)② We plan t start an English reading club in ur schl next term.(招募通知)
      正误对比:误:The class is beginning. 正:The class is starting. / The class will begin.(解析:begin一般不用于进行时,start可用于进行时)。
      高考失分提醒:通知高频考查,进行时用start,正式场合用begin,后接不定式或动名词均可,无明显差异,避免进行时误用begin即可。
      24. remember / frget / remind
      词义与用法区分:remember 侧重“记得、记住”,后接不定式(记得要做某事,未做)或动名词(记得做过某事,已做);frget 侧重“忘记”,后接不定式(忘记要做某事,未做)或动名词(忘记做过某事,已做),为remember的反义词;remind 侧重“提醒、使想起”,后接双宾语remind sb f sth / remind sb t d sth,不可直接接不定式或动名词。
      核心搭配:remember t d sth 记得要做某事;remember ding sth 记得做过某事;frget t d sth 忘记要做某事;frget ding sth 忘记做过某事;remind sb f sth 使某人想起某事;remind sb t d sth 提醒某人做某事。
      应用文原创例句:① Please remember t bring yur ID card and ntebk t the lecture.(通知)② I frget t tell yu the change f the activity time in the last email.(邮件)③ This pht reminds me f the happy time we spent tgether in the summer camp.(邮件)
      正误对比:误:I remember t visit the park last year. 正:I remember visiting the park last year.(解析:记得做过的事用动名词,未做用不定式);误:Remind t take yur umbrella. 正:Remind yu t take yur umbrella.(解析:remind后必须接人作宾语)。
      高考失分提醒:通知、邮件必考,不定式与动名词混淆、remind缺宾语是核心失分点,应用文多表提醒未做之事,常用remember/frget t d。
      25. allw / permit / let
      词义与用法区分:allw 侧重“允许、准许”,语气较弱,日常常用,后接sb t d sth / ding sth,被动语态be allwed t d sth;permit 侧重“允许、许可”,语气正式,多用于规章制度、正式场合,用法同allw;let 侧重“让、允许”,口语化,后接sb d sth,省略t的不定式,被动语态不可省略t。
      核心搭配:allw / permit sb t d sth 允许某人做某事;allw / permit ding sth 允许做某事;be allwed / permitted t d sth 被允许做某事;let sb d sth 让某人做某事。
      应用文原创例句:① Our schl desn’t allw students t use mbile phnes in class.(校规通知)② The library permits reading bks in the reading rm but desn’t permit taking them ut.(图书馆通知)③ My parents let me take part in the after-schl activities I like.(个人陈述)
      正误对比:误:My teacher allws me g ut early. 正:My teacher allws me t g ut early.(解析:allw后接sb t d,需加t);误:I was let g ut early. 正:I was allwed t g ut early.(解析:let被动语态需加t,且极少用于被动,常用allw替代)。
      高考失分提醒:通知、个人陈述常用,allw/permit后接t d,let后接原形,被动语态误用是高频错误。
      26. frbid / prhibit
      词义与用法区分:frbid 侧重“禁止、不许”,语气较强,日常用语,过去式frbade,过去分词frbidden,后接sb t d sth / ding sth;prhibit 侧重“禁止、阻止”,正式用词,多用于法律、规定、规章制度,后接sb frm ding sth。
      核心搭配:frbid sb t d sth / frbid ding sth 禁止某人做某事/禁止做某事;prhibit sb frm ding sth 禁止某人做某事。
      应用文原创例句:① The schl frbids students t run r make nise in the hallway.(校规通知)② The museum prhibits visitrs frm taking phts f the cultural relics.(参观通知)
      正误对比:误:The rule prhibits students t smke. 正:The rule prhibits students frm smking.(解析:prhibit后接frm ding,不接t d)。
      高考失分提醒:通知高频考查,搭配介词混淆是核心错误,frbid接t d,prhibit接frm ding,牢记结构。
      27. manage / try
      词义与用法区分:manage 侧重“设法做成、成功做到”,强调结果成功,后接不定式manage t d sth;try 侧重“尝试、努力”,强调动作,不强调结果是否成功,后接不定式try t d sth(努力做)或动名词try ding sth(尝试做)。
      核心搭配:manage t d sth 设法做成某事;try t d sth 努力做某事;try ding sth 尝试做某事。
      应用文原创例句:① I managed t finish the difficult task with the help f my teacher.(个人陈述)② I will try t imprve my English writing ability by keeping a diary every day.(学习计划)③ Yu can try listening t English sngs t imprve yur listening skills.(建议信)
      正误对比:误:I tried t finish the wrk and succeeded. 正:I managed t finish the wrk.(解析:成功做成用manage,try仅表努力,不表成功)。
      高考失分提醒:个人陈述、建议信常用,manage表成功,try表尝试,结果差异是核心失分点,应用文表成功完成用manage。
      28. agree / accept
      词义与用法区分:agree 侧重“同意、赞同”,指对观点、计划、建议表示认同,不及物动词,后接介词t/with/n,或that从句;accept 侧重“接受、接纳”,指主观上接受物品、邀请、道歉等,及物动词,强调接受的动作。
      核心搭配:agree t sth 同意某事;agree with sb 同意某人;agree n sth 就某事达成一致;agree t d sth 同意做某事;accept sth / sb 接受某物/某人。
      应用文原创例句:① My classmates all agree t hld a charity sale fr the pr children.(倡议书)② I am very glad t accept yur sincere aplgy and frgive yu.(道歉信回复)
      正误对比:误:I agree yur suggestin. 正:I agree t yur suggestin. / I accept yur suggestin.(解析:agree不及物,接宾语加t,accept及物直接接宾语)。
      高考失分提醒:建议信、道歉信回复常用,agree缺介词、二者混用是高频错误,赞同观点用agree,接受物品/邀请用accept。
      29. refuse / turn dwn
      词义与用法区分:refuse 侧重“拒绝”,及物动词,语气直接,后接不定式t d sth或名词,可拒绝物品、邀请、请求等;turn dwn 侧重“拒绝、回绝”,短语动词,语气较委婉,后接名词/代词,代词放中间,多指拒绝邀请、建议、请求。
      核心搭配:refuse sth / refuse t d sth 拒绝某物/拒绝做某事;turn dwn sth / turn sth dwn 拒绝某事/某物。
      应用文原创例句:① I have t refuse yur kind invitatin because I have t prepare fr the exam.(邀请拒绝信)② Thank yu fr yur ffer, but I have t turn it dwn fr sme persnal reasns.(邮件回复)
      正误对比:误:I refuse t accept yur gift.(正确,可接不定式);误:I turn dwn it. 正:I turn it dwn.(解析:短语动词turn dwn接代词时,代词放中间)。
      高考失分提醒:邀请拒绝信常用,代词位置错误是核心失分点,refuse语气直接,turn dwn更委婉,应用文多用turn dwn表委婉拒绝。
      30. prtect / prevent
      词义与用法区分:prtect 侧重“保护、防护”,指保护某人/某物免受伤害,后接sb/sth frm sth;prevent 侧重“阻止、防止”,指阻止某事发生、阻止某人做某事,后接sb/sth frm ding sth。
      核心搭配:prtect sb / sth frm sth 保护某人/某物免受……;prevent sb / sth frm ding sth 阻止某人/某物做某事。
      应用文原创例句:① We shuld prtect the envirnment and make ur earth mre beautiful.(倡议书)② We shuld take actin t prevent peple frm littering in public places.(倡议书)
      正误对比:误:We prtect peple frm pllute the river. 正:We prevent peple frm plluting the river.(解析:prtect不接frm ding,prevent接frm ding,frm后接动名词)。
      高考失分提醒:倡议书高频考查,搭配结构混淆是核心失分点,prtect表保护,prevent表阻止,牢记frm后的用法差异。
      模块二:应用文高频易混名词辨析(25组)
      名词的可数不可数、固定搭配、词义边界是应用文写作另一大失分点,本组25组名词均为高考常考、学生易混用的核心词汇,重点区分可数性、单复数形式、适用语境、固定搭配,结合应用文场景给出例句和失分提醒,避免冠词误用、单复数错误、搭配不当。
      1. advice / suggestin
      核心区分:advice 为不可数名词,无复数形式,不可直接加a/an;suggestin 为可数名词,复数形式suggestins。
      核心搭配:sme advice 一些建议;a piece f advice 一条建议;give sb advice n sth 给某人某方面建议;make a suggestin 提建议;fllw/take ne’s advice/suggestins 采纳建议。
      应用文原创例句:① I am writing t give yu sme practical advice n hw t imprve yur English writing.(建议信)② I have a few useful suggestins fr the upcming class activity.(班级通知)
      正误对比:误:I give yu an advice. 正:I give yu a piece f advice. / I give yu sme advice.(解析:advice不可数,不能直接用a/an修饰);误:I take sme suggestin. 正:I take sme suggestins.(解析:suggestin可数,sme后接复数)。
      失分提醒:建议信必考,advice不可数、suggestin可数,二者冠词和单复数混用是高频错误。
      2. message / infrmatin
      核心区分:message 可数名词,指“口头/书面的消息、口信、留言”,具体信息;infrmatin 不可数名词,指“信息、资料、情报”,抽象概念,无复数。
      核心搭配:leave a message 留言;take a message 捎口信;a piece f infrmatin 一条信息;detailed infrmatin 详细信息。
      应用文原创例句:① Please leave a message if I am nt at hme when yu cme.(邮件回复)② Yu can find mre infrmatin abut the cmpetitin n the schl website.(活动通知)
      正误对比:误:I need many infrmatins. 正:I need much infrmatin. / I need a piece f infrmatin.(解析:infrmatin不可数,无复数)。
      3. prblem / questin
      核心区分:prblem 指“难题、困难、问题(需要解决的)”,侧重困难,与slve搭配;questin 指“疑问、问题(需要回答的)”,侧重疑问,与answer搭配。
      核心搭配:slve the prblem 解决难题;answer the questin 回答问题;raise a questin 提出问题。
      应用文原创例句:① We shuld wrk tgether t slve the envirnmental prblems arund us.(倡议书)② If yu have any questin abut the activity, please cntact me in time.(通知)
      正误对比:误:answer the prblem 正:slve the prblem / answer the questin。
      4. scene / scenery / view / sight
      核心区分:scene 可数,指“场景、景色(现场的局部景色)”;scenery 不可数,指“自然风光、风景(总称)”;view 可数,指“视野中的景色、风景(从某处看到的)”;sight 可数,指“风景、名胜(多指人文景观)”,常用复数sights。
      应用文原创例句:① The scene f the vlunteer activity is very warm and tuching.(活动报道)② We enjyed the beautiful scenery f the muntain during the trip.(旅行日记)
      失分提醒:日记、报道常用,scenery不可数,其余三个可数,避免单复数错误。
      5. chice / alternative
      核心区分:chice 普通用词,指“选择、抉择”,可数;alternative 侧重“可供选择的事物、替代品”,强调二者择一,语气正式。
      应用文原创例句:① Yu have n chice but t fllw the schl rules.(通知)② We have an alternative plan if the first ne fails.(活动建议)
      6. family / huse / hme
      核心区分:family 侧重“家庭、家人”,指组成家庭的人,是集体名词,作主语时,若强调整体谓语用单数,强调成员谓语用复数;huse 侧重“房屋、住宅”,指居住的建筑物,是具体的场所,可数名词;hme 侧重“家、家乡”,指家人共同生活的地方,带有感情色彩,既可作名词也可作副词,无复数形式表抽象概念。
      核心搭配:a big family 一个大家庭;family members 家庭成员;a beautiful huse 一栋漂亮的房子;build a huse 建房子;g hme 回家;at hme 在家;ne’s hmetwn 家乡。
      应用文原创例句:① My family are planning t take part in the cmmunity vlunteer activity tgether.(个人邮件)② We will mve int a new huse next mnth and hld a small husewarming party.(生活邮件)③ I miss my hme very much when I study at schl and lk frward t ging hme n weekends.(书信)
      正误对比:误:I have a warm huse. 正:I have a warm hme.(解析:huse仅指建筑,hme带感情,表温暖的家用hme);误:His family is all kind. 正:His family are all kind.(解析:强调家人成员,谓语用复数)。
      失分提醒:书信、个人陈述、日记高频考查,三者概念混淆是核心错误,family指人,huse指物,hme带情,务必区分侧重点,避免语境误用。
      7. hmewrk / husewrk
      核心区分:hmewrk 特指“家庭作业、课外作业”,是学生专属的学习任务,不可数名词;husewrk 特指“家务劳动、家务活”,是日常居家的劳作,不可数名词,二者均不可直接加a/an,也无复数形式。
      核心搭配:d ne’s hmewrk 做作业;finish hmewrk 完成作业;much hmewrk 很多作业;d husewrk 做家务;help with husewrk 帮忙做家务。
      应用文原创例句:① I have t finish my English and math hmewrk first befre ging ut t play.(请假/邀约邮件)② I ften help my parents d sme husewrk like washing dishes and cleaning the rm n weekends.(个人日记)
      正误对比:误:I d many husewrk every day. 正:I d much husewrk every day.(解析:二者均不可数,用much修饰,不用many);误:I have a lt f hmewrks. 正:I have a lt f hmewrk.(解析:hmewrk无复数形式)。
      失分提醒:日记、邀约信、请假条常用,不可数性误用、词义混淆是高频错误,学习作业是hmewrk,家务劳作是husewrk,牢记词义边界。
      8. man / persn / peple / human
      核心区分:man 可数名词,复数men,侧重“男人、成年男性”,也可泛指“人类”,表人类时单数形式,不加冠词;persn 可数名词,复数persns,侧重“个体的人”,不分男女老少,强调单个的人;peple 集体名词,侧重“人们、人民”,表复数含义,谓语用复数,表“民族”时可数,复数peples;human 可数名词,复数humans,侧重“人类、人”,区别于动物、神灵,正式语境常用。
      核心搭配:a yung man 一个年轻男人;man and wman 男人和女人;a kind persn 一个善良的人;three persns 三个人;many peple 许多人;the Chinese peple 中国人民;human beings 人类。
      应用文原创例句:① The ld man wh lives next dr ften helps us with sme small things.(记叙文/邮件)② Every persn shuld take respnsibility fr prtecting the envirnment.(倡议书)③ Peple in ur cmmunity are very friendly and willing t help thers.(社区活动报道)
      正误对比:误:A peple is waiting fr yu. 正:A persn is waiting fr yu.(解析:peple表复数,单个的人用persn);误:Human are cleverer than animals. 正:Humans are cleverer than animals. / Human beings are cleverer than animals.(解析:human表类别用复数或human beings)。
      失分提醒:倡议书、报道、邮件常用,单复数误用、词义范围混淆是核心失分点,man特指男性,persn指个体,peple表群体,human区别于动物,精准区分。
      9. skill / ability / talent
      核心区分:skill 可数名词,侧重“技能、技巧”,指通过后天学习、练习获得的具体本领,多指专业、实操类技能;ability 可数/不可数名词,侧重“能力、才干”,指先天具备或后天培养的综合能力,可接不定式ability t d sth;talent 可数/不可数名词,侧重“天赋、天资”,指先天拥有的特殊才能,不可接不定式,常用talent fr sth/ding sth。
      核心搭配:practical skills 实用技能;cmmunicatin skills 沟通技能;the ability t d sth 做某事的能力;reading ability 阅读能力;have a talent fr music 有音乐天赋;natural talent 天赋。
      应用文原创例句:① I have gd cmmunicatin skills and can get alng well with thers, s I want t be a vlunteer.(申请信)② I have the ability t finish the task independently and efficiently.(个人陈述)③ She has a great talent fr painting and will take part in the schl art cmpetitin.(活动通知)
      正误对比:误:I have talent t play the pian. 正:I have talent fr playing the pian.(解析:talent后接fr,不接不定式);误:He has many ability. 正:He has many abilities.(解析:ability表多种能力用复数)。
      失分提醒:申请信、个人陈述必考,skill是后天技能,ability是综合能力,talent是先天天赋,搭配结构和词义差异是高频失分点。
      10. trip / jurney / travel / vyage
      核心区分:trip 可数名词,侧重“短途旅行、出行”,指时间短、距离近的游玩或公务出行,日常最常用;jurney 可数名词,侧重“长途旅行、旅程”,指陆地上的远距离出行,强调旅途过程;travel 不可数名词,泛指“旅行、游历”,多指长途、长时间的旅行,无具体目的地,复数travels可指多次旅行或游记;vyage 可数名词,侧重“航海、航空旅行”,特指海上或空中的长途航行。
      核心搭配:a schl trip 学校短途旅行;a business trip 商务旅行;a lng jurney 长途旅程;travel arund the wrld 环游世界;a sea vyage 海上航行。
      应用文原创例句:① Our class will g n a spring trip t the city park next Saturday.(班级通知)② The jurney frm my hmetwn t Beijing takes abut five hurs by high-speed train.(书信)③ I like reading travel bks and learning abut different cultures arund the wrld.(个人陈述)
      正误对比:误:I have a travel t the z. 正:I have a trip t the z.(解析:travel泛指旅行,不可数,短途具体旅行用trip);误:We tk a vyage t the muntain. 正:We tk a trip/jurney t the muntain.(解析:vyage特指航海航空,陆地旅行不用)。
      失分提醒:通知、书信、旅行日记高频考查,距离和出行方式区分是核心,trip短途,jurney长途陆地,travel泛指,vyage航海航空,避免混用。
      11. weather / climate
      核心区分:weather 不可数名词,侧重“天气”,指某一地区短时间内的阴晴、雨雪、气温等气象状况,变化快;climate 可数/不可数名词,侧重“气候”,指某一地区长时间内的总体气象特征,相对稳定,如四季气候、温带气候等。
      核心搭配: fine weather 好天气;bad weather 坏天气;cld weather 寒冷的天气;warm climate 温暖的气候;dry climate 干旱气候;trpical climate 热带气候。
      应用文原创例句:① The weather will be sunny tmrrw, s we can hld the utdr sprts meeting as planned.(活动通知)② My hmetwn has a warm and cmfrtable climate, which is very suitable fr living.(书信)
      正误对比:误:What a fine weather it is tday! 正:What fine weather it is tday!(解析:weather不可数,不加a);误:The climate f tday is rainy. 正:The weather f tday is rainy.(解析:tday是短时间,用weather,climate表长时间气候)。
      失分提醒:通知、书信、日记常用,不可数性误用、时间范围混淆是核心错误,weather短时间天气,climate长时间气候,严格区分。
      12. friend / cmpanin / cmrade
      核心区分:friend 可数名词,普通用词,侧重“朋友、友人”,指有感情、关系亲密的人,日常最常用;cmpanin 可数名词,侧重“同伴、伙伴”,指一起旅行、工作、活动的人,关系不一定亲密,强调陪伴;cmrade 可数名词,侧重“同志、战友”,正式用词,多指志同道合、为共同目标奋斗的人,多用于正式或集体语境。
      核心搭配:clse friend 亲密的朋友;make friends with sb 和某人交朋友;travel cmpanin 旅伴;wrk cmpanin 工作伙伴;cmrade in arms 战友。
      应用文原创例句:① I have a clse friend wh always helps me with my study and shares my happiness and sadness.(书信)② I met a gd cmpanin during the summer camp and we had a great time tgether.(活动日记)
      正误对比:误:I have a cmpanin t play with every day. 正:I have a friend t play with every day.(解析:强调亲密朋友用friend,cmpanin仅指陪伴的人)。
      失分提醒:书信、日记、活动报道常用,friend关系亲密,cmpanin侧重陪伴,cmrade正式同志,日常应用文多用friend和cmpanin,避免cmrade误用。
      13. nise / vice / sund
      核心区分:nise 可数/不可数名词,侧重“噪音、杂音”,指不悦耳、吵闹、令人烦躁的声音,多为贬义;vice 可数名词,侧重“嗓音、声音”,特指人说话、唱歌、发笑的声音,也可指鸟鸣声;sund 可数/不可数名词,普通用词,泛指一切能听到的声音,不分好坏、来源,范围最广。
      核心搭配:make a nise 制造噪音;lud nise 大声的噪音;sweet vice 甜美的嗓音;in a lw vice 低声地;sund f wind 风声;sund f water 流水声。
      应用文原创例句:① Please dn’t make any nise in the library and keep quiet.(图书馆通知)② She has a beautiful vice and ften sings sngs fr us in class.(班级报道)③ I can hear the sund f birds singing utside the windw every mrning.(日记)
      正误对比:误:He has a lud nise. 正:He has a lud vice.(解析:人的嗓音用vice,nise指噪音);误:The sund is t nisy. 正:The nise is t nisy.(解析:贬义噪音用nise,不用sund)。
      失分提醒:通知、日记、报道高频考查,词义感情色彩和来源混淆是核心错误,nise贬义噪音,vice人/鸟鸣,sund泛指一切声音,精准区分。
      14. pht / picture / drawing
      核心区分:pht 可数名词,全称phtgraph,侧重“照片、相片”,指用相机拍摄出来的影像,只能是实物照片;picture 可数名词,普通用词,范围最广,可指照片、图画、画像、图片等各类视觉图像;drawing 可数名词,侧重“素描、绘画、简笔画”,指用铅笔、钢笔、蜡笔等绘制的画,无色彩或单色画作。
      核心搭配:take a pht 拍照;a family pht 全家福;draw a picture 画画;a beautiful picture 一幅漂亮的画;a pencil drawing 铅笔画。
      应用文原创例句:① I tk many beautiful phts during the schl trip and will share them with my classmates.(活动报道)② I will draw a picture fr my mther as a birthday gift.(书信)③ The little by is gd at pencil drawings and wn a prize in the cmpetitin.(活动通知)
      正误对比:误:I draw a pht. 正:I take a pht. / I draw a picture/drawing.(解析:pht是拍摄的,不是绘制的)。
      失分提醒:书信、活动通知、日记常用,pht是相机照片,picture泛指图像,drawing是手绘素描,范围和制作方式差异是高频错误。
      15. wrk / jb / career
      核心区分:wrk 不可数名词,泛指“工作、劳动”,指体力或脑力劳动,无具体职业含义,也可作动词;jb 可数名词,侧重“职业、零活、工作岗位”,指具体的、有报酬的工作,有复数形式jbs;career 可数名词,侧重“事业、职业生涯”,指长期从事的、终身的职业,带有事业规划和发展的含义,语气正式。
      核心搭配:d sme wrk 做一些工作;much wrk 很多工作;find a jb 找一份工作;a part-time jb 兼职工作;a teaching career 教学生涯;career planning 职业规划。
      应用文原创例句:① I have a lt f wrk t d tday, s I can’t g ut with yu.(邀约邮件)② I want t find a part-time jb during the summer vacatin t earn sme pcket mney.(申请信)③ I hpe t have a stable career and make cntributins t sciety in the future.(个人陈述)
      正误对比:误:I have a gd wrk. 正:I have a gd jb. / I have much gd wrk.(解析:wrk不可数,不加a,具体工作用jb);误:My jb is my life. 正:My career is my life.(解析:终身事业用career,jb仅指具体岗位)。
      失分提醒:申请信、个人陈述、邮件必考,可数性和词义层次混淆是核心失分点,wrk泛指劳动,jb具体岗位,career长期事业,严格区分。
      16. curage / bravery
      核心区分:curage 不可数名词,侧重“勇气、胆量”,指面对困难、危险、挫折时内心的勇气和胆量,是抽象的品质,常用搭配have the curage t d sth;bravery 不可数名词,侧重“勇敢、英勇”,指在危险时刻表现出的勇敢行为,更侧重实际行动,语气比curage更强,多用于正式或表彰语境。
      核心搭配:have the curage t d sth 有勇气做某事;lse curage 失去勇气;shw bravery 表现出勇敢;act with bravery 勇敢行事。
      应用文原创例句:① I hpe I can have the curage t face all kinds f difficulties in my study and life.(演讲稿)② The firefighter shwed great bravery when he saved the child frm the fire.(新闻报道)
      正误对比:误:He has a bravery t help thers. 正:He has the curage t help thers. / He shws bravery in helping thers.(解析:bravery不可数,不接不定式,curage可接不定式)。
      失分提醒:演讲稿、报道常用,curage是内心勇气,bravery是行动上的勇敢,搭配和语境差异是核心错误,应用文多用curage。
      17. energy / strength / pwer
      核心区分:energy 不可数名词,侧重“精力、活力、能量”,指人或事物的精力、体力,也可指能源,常用full f energy;strength 不可数名词,侧重“力量、力气、体力”,指身体或精神上的力量,强调力气大小;pwer 不可数/可数名词,侧重“力量、权力、能力、电力”,范围最广,可指体力、权力、势力、动力等。
      核心搭配:full f energy 精力充沛;save energy 节约能源;physical strength 体力;have the strength t d sth 有力气做某事;electric pwer 电力;pwer f knwledge 知识的力量。
      应用文原创例句:① Taking exercise every day can make us full f energy and keep healthy.(倡议书)② I dn’t have enugh strength t carry the heavy bx by myself.(求助信)③ We shuld use the pwer f science t prtect the envirnment.(演讲稿)
      正误对比:误:I have much strength t study. 正:I have much energy t study.(解析:学习的精力用energy,strength指身体力气)。
      失分提醒:倡议书、演讲稿、求助信常用,energy指精力活力,strength指体力力气,pwer泛指各类力量,词义范围混淆是高频失分点。
      18. habit / custm / hbby
      核心区分:habit 可数名词,侧重“习惯、习性”,指个人长期养成的、不自觉的行为习惯,可好可坏;custm 可数名词,侧重“风俗、习俗”,指某个社会、民族、群体长期形成的传统风俗,集体层面的习惯;hbby 可数名词,侧重“爱好、业余爱好”,指个人空闲时间喜欢做的事,是积极的兴趣爱好。
      核心搭配:gd habit 好习惯;bad habit 坏习惯;frm a habit 养成习惯;traditinal custm 传统习俗;lcal custm 当地风俗;ne’s hbby 个人爱好;cllect stamps as a hbby 把集邮当作爱好。
      应用文原创例句:① We shuld frm a gd habit f getting up early and reading English every mrning.(学习建议)② The Spring Festival is a traditinal custm f ur Chinese natin.(文化介绍邮件)③ My hbbies are reading bks and playing basketball, which make my life mre clrful.(个人陈述)
      正误对比:误:My custm is reading. 正:My hbby is reading. / I have a habit f reading.(解析:custm是集体风俗,个人爱好用hbby,个人习惯用habit)。
      失分提醒:建议信、个人陈述、文化介绍邮件必考,个人与集体混淆、词义差异是核心错误,habit个人习惯,custm集体风俗,hbby个人爱好,精准区分。
      19. prize / award / reward
      核心区分:prize 可数名词,侧重“奖品、奖金、奖项”,指比赛、竞赛、抽奖中获得的奖励,多指具体物品或奖金;award 可数名词,侧重“奖品、奖状、荣誉奖项”,指正式评选、授予的荣誉奖励,语气正式,也可作动词;reward 可数/不可数名词,侧重“报酬、回报、赏金”,指因做好事、付出劳动或帮助他人得到的报答、赏金,强调回报。
      核心搭配:win a prize 赢得奖品;first prize 一等奖;get an award 获得奖项;an award ceremny 颁奖典礼;as a reward 作为回报;reward fr gd behavir 善行的回报。
      应用文原创例句:① I wrked hard and wn the first prize in the English speech cmpetitin.(祝贺信/个人陈述)② Our schl will hld an award ceremny fr the excellent students next week.(学校通知)③ He helped the lst child find his parents and gt a small reward.(新闻报道)
      正误对比:误:I gt a reward fr the cmpetitin. 正:I gt a prize/award fr the cmpetitin.(解析:比赛获奖用prize/award,reward是回报赏金)。
      失分提醒:祝贺信、通知、个人陈述高频考查,prize竞赛奖品,award正式荣誉,reward付出回报,语境和用途混淆是核心失分点。
      20. rad / street / way / path
      核心区分:rad 可数名词,侧重“公路、道路”,指连接两地的宽阔马路,供车辆、行人通行;street 可数名词,侧重“街道、街区”,指城市、城镇里两旁有建筑物、商铺的道路,有具体名称;way 可数名词,普通用词,范围最广,指“路、道路、路线、方式”,多指去某地的路线,也表方法;path 可数名词,侧重“小路、小径”,指乡间、公园、山林里的狭窄小路,仅供行人行走。
      核心搭配:a wide rad 宽阔的公路;n the rad 在路上;a busy street 繁华的街道;n the street 在街上;n ne’s way t sp 在去某地的路上;lse ne’s way 迷路;a narrw path 狭窄的小路;a path in the park 公园小径。
      应用文原创例句:① Please be careful when yu walk acrss the busy rad.(通知)② There are many shps and restaurants n the main street f ur twn.(书信)③ Can yu tell me the way t the schl library?(求助邮件)
      正误对比:误:I walk n the path t schl by bike. 正:I walk n the rad/street t schl by bike.(解析:path是狭窄小路,不能骑车,骑车用rad/street);误:This is a way t the park. 正:This is the way t the park.(解析:表特指路线用the way)。
      失分提醒:通知、书信、求助信常用,道路类型和范围混淆是核心错误,rad公路,street城镇街道,way路线,path小径,严格区分适用场景。
      21. language / speech / dialect
      核心区分:language 可数/不可数名词,侧重“语言”,指一个国家或民族的正式语言,如英语、汉语,范围最广;speech 不可数名词,侧重“言语、说话、演讲”,指说话的能力或方式,也可指正式的演讲,可数名词表演讲稿;dialect 可数名词,侧重“方言、土语”,指某个地区使用的地方语言,区别于官方通用语言。
      核心搭配:freign language 外语;spken language 口语;written language 书面语;make a speech 发表演讲;free speech 言论自由;lcal dialect 当地方言。
      应用文原创例句:① I am gd at English and I want t learn a secnd freign language in the future.(申请信)② Our mnitr will make a speech at the pening ceremny f the sprts meeting.(通知)③ The ld man speaks lcal dialect and we can hardly understand him.(记叙文)
      正误对比:误:I speak a dialect in public. 正:I speak a language in public.(解析:公共场合用正式语言,方言多用于本地日常)。
      失分提醒:申请信、通知、记叙文常用,language正式语言,speech言语演讲,dialect地方方言,词义范围混淆是高频错误。
      22. instrument / tl
      核心区分:instrument 可数名词,侧重“仪器、器械、乐器”,指精密的科学仪器、医疗器具或乐器,语气正式;tl 可数名词,普通用词,侧重“工具、用具”,指手工劳动、日常使用的简单工具,如锤子、螺丝刀等。
      核心搭配:musical instrument 乐器;medical instrument 医疗仪器;scientific instrument 科学仪器;a useful tl 有用的工具;farm tl 农具。
      应用文原创例句:① I can play the pian, which is my favrite musical instrument.(申请信)② Farmers use different kinds f farm tls t d farm wrk every day.(记叙文)
      正误对比:误:I use a tl t play music. 正:I use an instrument t play music.(解析:乐器用instrument,不用tl)。
      失分提醒:申请信、记叙文常用,instrument是精密仪器/乐器,tl是简单工具,类别混淆是核心错误,应用文多考乐器搭配。
      23. rm / place / space
      核心区分:rm 可数名词表“房间、屋子”,不可数名词表“空间、空地”,指可利用的空间;place 可数名词,侧重“地方、地点、场所”,指具体的、有特定用途的地点;space 不可数名词,侧重“空间、太空、空隙”,指抽象的、大范围的空间,也可指太空,表空隙时可作可数名词。
      核心搭配:a living rm 客厅;make rm fr sb 为某人腾出空间;a quiet place 安静的地方;take place 发生;uter space 太空;free space 空闲空间。
      应用文原创例句:① Please mve the chair and make rm fr the new student.(班级通知)② I fund a quiet place t read bks in the schl library.(日记)③ There is n enugh space in the classrm fr the new equipment.(通知)
      正误对比:误:There is a rm fr yu. 正:There is rm fr yu.(解析:表空间rm不可数,不加a);误:I need a space t put the bag. 正:I need space t put the bag. / I need a place t put the bag.(解析:space表空间不可数,具体地点用place)。
      失分提醒:通知、日记、邮件常用,可数性和词义混淆是核心错误,rm表空间不可数/房间可数,place具体地点,space抽象空间,精准区分。
      24. time / mment / perid
      核心区分:time 不可数名词表“时间”,可数名词表“次数、倍数、时代”,用法广泛;mment 可数名词,侧重“片刻、瞬间、时刻”,指极短的时间,常用搭配at the mment;perid 可数名词,侧重“时期、阶段、周期”,指较长的、有特定意义的时间段,如学习期、假期、历史时期。
      核心搭配:spend time 花费时间;n time 准时;in time 及时;at the mment 此刻、目前;a shrt mment 片刻;a lng perid 很长一段时间;study perid 学习阶段。
      应用文原创例句:① I spend a lt f time reading English every mrning t imprve my ral English.(学习计划)② I am busy ding my hmewrk at the mment and can’t answer yur call.(邮件)② We will have a lng hliday perid after the cllege entrance examinatin.(书信)
      正误对比:误:I will remember the time frever. 正:I will remember the mment frever.(解析:特指某个瞬间时刻用mment,time泛指时间)。
      失分提醒:书信、邮件、学习计划高频考查,time泛指时间,mment瞬间,perid长时间段,时间长短混淆是核心失分点。
      25. pleasure / jy / happiness
      核心区分:pleasure 不可数名词,侧重“快乐、愉快、乐趣”,指短暂的、轻松的快乐,也可用于礼貌用语,可数名词表乐事;jy 不可数名词,侧重“喜悦、欢乐”,指强烈的、发自内心的快乐,语气比pleasure强;happiness 不可数名词,侧重“幸福、快乐”,指长久的、内心的幸福感,是抽象的、稳定的快乐。
      核心搭配:with pleasure 乐意效劳;it’s my pleasure 不客气;full f jy 充满喜悦;t ne’s jy 令某人高兴的是;true happiness 真正的幸福;seek happiness 追求幸福。
      应用文原创例句:① —Culd yu please help me with the task? —With pleasure.(邮件回复)② T ur great jy, ur class wn the first prize in the cmpetitin.(班级报道)③ We shuld cherish the happiness f studying and living tgether with ur classmates.(演讲稿)
      正误对比:误:It’s my jy. 正:It’s my pleasure.(解析:礼貌用语不客气用pleasure,不用jy)。
      失分提醒:邮件回复、演讲稿、报道常用,pleasure礼貌用语/短暂快乐,jy内心喜悦,happiness长久幸福,语气和用法差异是高频错误。
      26. difficulty / truble
      核心区分:difficulty 可数/不可数名词,侧重“困难、难题”,指需要解决的具体困难或抽象的困难,常用have difficulty (in) ding sth;truble 不可数名词,侧重“麻烦、烦恼、困境”,指遇到的麻烦事、烦恼,也可指疾病,常用have truble (in) ding sth,be in truble。
      核心搭配:have difficulty (in) ding sth 做某事有困难;vercme difficulties 克服困难;have truble (in) ding sth 做某事有麻烦;be in truble 处于困境中;ask fr truble 自找麻烦。
      应用文原创例句:① I have sme difficulty in learning English grammar and hpe yu can help me.(求助信)② Dn’t hesitate t ask fr help when yu are in truble.(建议信)
      正误对比:误:I have many difficulty. 正:I have many difficulties. / I have much difficulty.(解析:difficulty表具体难题可数,抽象困难不可数);误:I vercme truble. 正:I vercme difficulties.(解析:truble指麻烦,克服困难用difficulty)。
      失分提醒:求助信、建议信必考,句型结构和词义混淆是核心错误,difficulty侧重困难难题,truble侧重麻烦困境,have difficulty/truble (in) ding sth为固定句型,in可省略。
      模块三:易混介词搭配(写作重灾区,35组)
      介词搭配是应用文写作失分最多的板块,无固定规律,极易混淆,尤其表时间、地点、方式、目的、原因的介词及短语,本组35组均为高考高频易错搭配,逐一梳理核心用法、适用语境、应用文例句、错误纠正,彻底解决搭配混乱问题。
      1. in / n / at 表时间
      核心用法:in 接世纪、年、月、季节、上午/下午/晚上、时间段;n 接具体某一天、星期几、具体某一天的早中晚;at 接具体时刻、中午、夜晚、年龄、固定节日。
      应用文例句:① The activity will be held in July 2026.(通知)② We will have a meeting n Mnday mrning.(通知)③ Please arrive at the hall at 9 ’clck.(通知)
      正误对比:误:at July 1st 正:n July 1st;误:n 9 ’clck 正:at 9 ’clck。
      2. in / n / at 表地点
      核心用法:in 接大地点(国家、城市、地区)、内部;n 接平面、线、毗邻;at 接小地点(具体场所、门口、车站)。
      应用文例句:① I live in Beijing with my parents.(邮件)② The schl is n the suth street.(通知)③ Wait fr me at the schl gate.(通知)。
      3. with / by / thrugh 表方式
      核心用法:with 接具体工具、身体部位;by 接方式、手段、交通工具(无冠词)、动作执行者;thrugh 接途径、渠道、过程。
      应用文例句:① We can cmmunicate with each ther by email.(邮件)② We can imprve ur English thrugh reading mre bks.(建议信)
      正误对比:误:by a bus 正:by bus;误:thrugh a pen 正:with a pen。
      4. fr / t 表目的
      核心用法:fr 后接名词/动名词,表目的;t 后接动词原形(不定式),表目的。
      应用文例句:① I cme here fr the meeting.(通知)② I cme here t attend the meeting.(通知)。
      5. in case f / in case
      核心用法:in case f 为短语介词,后接名词、代词或动名词,不可接句子,意为“万一;倘若;以防”,多用于通知、提示类应用文;in case 为连词,后接完整的状语从句,时态常用一般现在时表将来,意为“以防万一;免得”,可放句首或句中。
      应用文例句:① Take an umbrella in case f rain.(活动通知)② Take an umbrella in case it rains suddenly n the way t the activity.(活动通知)
      正误对比:误:Take yur mbile phne in case emergency. 正:Take yur mbile phne in case f emergency.(解析:in case f后接名词,in case后接句子);误:I will take a first-aid kit in case f smene gets hurt. 正:I will take a first-aid kit in case smene gets hurt.(解析:f后不可接句子,需去掉f用连词in case)。
      6. in the end / at the end f / by the end f
      核心用法:in the end 意为“最后;终于”,单独作状语,不接任何成分,侧重经过努力或波折后的最终结果,可放句首或句末;at the end f 后接时间或地点名词,意为“在……末尾;在……尽头”,既可接时间点,也可接地点;by the end f 后接时间名词,意为“到……末为止”,常与完成时态连用,接过去时间用过去完成时,接将来时间用将来完成时。
      应用文例句:① In the end, we finished the vlunteer task successfully.(活动报告)② Yu can find the lecture hall at the end f the teaching building.(活动通知)③ We will have learned 500 new wrds by the end f this mnth.(学习计划)
      正误对比:误:At the end, we wn the cmpetitin. 正:In the end, we wn the cmpetitin.(解析:单独用状语用in the end,at the end f必须接名词);误:I finished my hmewrk by the end f yesterday. 正:I had finished my hmewrk by the end f yesterday.(解析:by the end f+过去时间,句子用过去完成时)。
      7. n time / in time
      核心用法:n time 意为“准时;按时”,指按规定时间完成或到达,不早不晚,侧重守时,多用于通知、要求类应用文;in time 意为“及时;来得及”,指在规定时间之前完成,避免耽误事情,侧重赶得上。
      应用文例句:① All participants must arrive at the schl gate n time.(活动通知)② We hurried t the classrm and were in time fr the mrning reading.(日记)
      正误对比:误:Please get t the meeting in time. 正:Please get t the meeting n time.(解析:会议要求守时用n time,而非及时);误:I gt up late but arrived n time fr the bus. 正:I gt up late but arrived in time fr the bus.(解析:赶上车用及时in time,而非准时)。
      8. after / in / befre 表时间
      核心用法:after 后接时间点或时间段,意为“在……之后”,接时间段多用于一般过去时;in 后接时间段,意为“在……之后”,多用于一般将来时,表从现在起往后推算;befre 后接时间点或句子,意为“在……之前”,可用于各种时态,多用于通知、计划类应用文。
      应用文例句:① He came back frm the vlunteer wrk after tw hurs.(日记)② Our club will recruit new members in tw weeks.(招募通知)③ Please hand in yur applicatin frm befre Friday.(招募通知)
      正误对比:误:I will finish the reprt after three days. 正:I will finish the reprt in three days.(解析:将来时的“之后”用in+时间段,after+时间段多用于过去时);误:Please cme here befre three days. 正:Please cme here befre three ’clck.(解析:befre后接时间点,不接时间段)。
      9. abve / ver / n / belw / under 表方位
      核心用法:abve 意为“在……上方”,不强调垂直正上方,反义词为belw;ver 意为“在……正上方;越过”,强调垂直上方,不接触物体,反义词为under;n 意为“在……上面”,强调物体表面相互接触;belw 意为“在……下方”,不强调垂直正下方;under 意为“在……正下方”,强调垂直下方。
      应用文例句:① There is a clck abve the blackbard.(班级通知)② There is a light ver the teacher’s desk.(班级通知)③ Put yur ntebk n the desk befre class.(班级通知)④ The temperature will be belw zer tmrrw.(活动通知)⑤ The schlbag is under the chair.(日记)
      正误对比:误:There is a bridge abve the river. 正:There is a bridge ver the river.(解析:桥在河正上方用ver);误:The bk is ver the desk. 正:The bk is n the desk.(解析:书和桌面接触用n)。
      10. amng / between
      核心用法:amng 意为“在……之中”,后接三者或三者以上的人或物,为集体概念;between 意为“在……之间”,后接两者,或用between A and B结构,也可用于多者中两两之间的关系,后接具体数量时用between。
      应用文例句:① Amng all the students, Li Ming is the mst active in vlunteer activities.(活动报道)② There is a big difference between the tw plans.(建议信)③ Chse ne answer between the fur ptins.(通知)
      正误对比:误:I sit between Lucy and Lily and three ther classmates. 正:I sit amng Lucy, Lily and three ther classmates.(解析:三者及以上用amng);误:The secret is shared amng the twin sisters. 正:The secret is shared between the twin sisters.(解析:两者之间用between)。
      11. except / besides / but / except fr
      核心用法:except 意为“除……之外”,指排除在外,不包含后面的人或物,强调整体减去部分;besides 意为“除……之外还有”,指包含后面的人或物,在整体基础上增加;but 意为“除……之外”,语气比except弱,多用于nbdy、nthing、all等不定代词后;except fr 意为“除了……之外”,后接的事物与整体不是同类,用于修正细节。
      应用文例句:① All students will take part in the sprts meeting except Tm.(通知)② Besides English, I am als gd at Chinese.(申请信)③ Nbdy but me knws the truth.(邮件)④ The cmpsitin is gd except fr a few spelling mistakes.(建议信)
      正误对比:误:Besides Tm, all students attended the lecture. 正:Except Tm, all students attended the lecture.(解析:Tm没参加,排除在外用except);误:The rm is clean except a dirty crner. 正:The rm is clean except fr a dirty crner.(解析:角落和房间不是同类,用except fr)。
      12. because f / due t / wing t
      核心用法:三者均表“因为;由于”,后接名词、代词或动名词,不可接句子;because f 语气最强,口语和书面语通用,可放句首或句中;due t 多用于书面语,常放句中作表语或定语,一般不放句首;wing t 语气较正式,可放句首或句中,可与because f互换。
      应用文例句:① I can’t attend the party because f my illness.(请假邮件)② The sprts meeting was put ff wing t the bad weather.(活动通知)③ His failure is due t his carelessness.(个人陈述)
      正误对比:误:I was late because f I gt up late. 正:I was late because I gt up late. / I was late because f getting up late.(解析:because f后接名词/动名词,because后接句子);误:Due t the rain, we canceled the trip. 正:Owing t the rain, we canceled the trip.(解析:due t一般不放句首)。
      13. instead f / instead
      核心用法:instead f 为短语介词,后接名词、代词、动名词或介词短语,意为“代替;而不是”,强调前后事物的替换;instead 为副词,单独作状语,放句首或句末,意为“代替;反而”,后不接任何成分。
      应用文例句:① We will have a meeting in the classrm instead f the lecture hall.(通知)② He didn’t g t the park. Instead, he stayed at hme t finish his hmewrk.(日记)
      正误对比:误:I will watch TV instead d my hmewrk. 正:I will watch TV instead f ding my hmewrk.(解析:instead f后接动名词);误:Instead f, I chse t take part in the vlunteer activity. 正:Instead, I chse t take part in the vlunteer activity.(解析:单独作状语用instead,不加f)。
      14. with the help f / under the help f
      核心用法:with the help f 为固定搭配,意为“在……的帮助下”,为正确表达,后接人或事物,是高考应用文高频短语;under the help f 为错误搭配,英语中无此用法,属于中式英语,需严格规避。
      应用文例句:① With the help f my teacher, I made great prgress in English writing.(感谢信)② We finished the task smthly with the help f each ther.(活动报告)
      正误对比:误:Under the help f my parents, I vercame the difficulty. 正:With the help f my parents, I vercame the difficulty.(解析:固定搭配只能用with,不可用under)。
      15. be interested in / be gd at
      核心用法:be interested in 意为“对……感兴趣”,in后接名词或动名词,侧重主观喜好;be gd at 意为“擅长……”,at后接名词或动名词,侧重具备某种能力,多用于申请信、个人陈述类应用文。
      应用文例句:① I am interested in playing basketball and want t jin the sprts club.(申请信)② I am gd at ral English and can cmmunicate with freigners fluently.(申请信)
      正误对比:误:I am interested at painting. 正:I am interested in painting.(解析:固定搭配用in,不用at);误:I am gd in playing the pian. 正:I am gd at playing the pian.(解析:固定搭配用at,不用in)。
      16. be prud f / take pride in
      核心用法:二者含义相同,均意为“为……感到骄傲”,可互换使用;be prud f 中prud为形容词,构成系表结构;take pride in 中pride为名词,构成动宾结构,后均接名词或动名词。
      应用文例句:① We are prud f ur class’s victry in the cmpetitin.(班级报道)② We take pride in being vlunteers f the schl activity.(活动报告)
      正误对比:误:We are prud fr ur mtherland. 正:We are prud f ur mtherland.(解析:固定搭配用f,不用fr);误:We take prud in ur team. 正:We take pride in ur team.(解析:pride为名词,prud为形容词,此处用名词pride)。
      17. be afraid f / be afraid t d
      核心用法:be afraid f 后接名词、代词或动名词,意为“害怕……;担心……”,侧重害怕某事发生;be afraid t d 后接动词原形,意为“害怕做某事;不敢做某事”,侧重不敢去执行某个动作。
      应用文例句:① The little girl is afraid f dark.(日记)② I am afraid t climb the muntain alne.(日记)
      正误对比:误:She is afraid t dgs. 正:She is afraid f dgs.(解析:接名词用be afraid f);误:He is afraid f g ut at night. 正:He is afraid t g ut at night.(解析:接动词原形用be afraid t d)。
      18. be full f / be filled with
      核心用法:二者均意为“充满……”,可互换;be full f 为主动含义,full是形容词,侧重状态;be filled with 为被动结构,filled是动词过去分词,侧重动作,with为固定介词,不可替换。
      应用文例句:① The classrm is full f happiness n Children’s Day.(活动报道)② The bttle is filled with water fr the utdr activity.(通知)
      正误对比:误:The bx is full with gifts. 正:The bx is full f gifts.(解析:be full f固定搭配,用f);误:The rm is filled f flwers. 正:The rm is filled with flwers.(解析:be filled with固定搭配,用with)。
      19. be cvered with / be cvered by
      核心用法:be cvered with 意为“被……覆盖”,侧重覆盖的状态,with后接覆盖物;be cvered by 意为“被……覆盖”,侧重动作或被动的执行者,by后接动作发出者,多用于书面语。
      应用文例句:① The grund is cvered with snw in winter.(日记)② The field is cvered by a heavy clth.(通知)
      正误对比:误:The table is cvered by a clean clth.(侧重状态,可用with);正:The table is cvered with a clean clth.(解析:侧重覆盖状态用with,侧重执行者用by)。
      20. pay attentin t / lk frward t
      核心用法:二者均为高考高频固定搭配,t为介词,后接名词或动名词,不可接动词原形;pay attentin t 意为“注意;关注”,多用于通知、建议信;lk frward t 意为“期待;盼望”,多用于书信、邀请函、申请信。
      应用文例句:① Please pay attentin t yur behavir in public places.(倡议书)② I am lking frward t yur reply and early arrival.(邀请信)
      正误对比:误:Please pay attentin t listen t the teacher. 正:Please pay attentin t listening t the teacher.(解析:t是介词,后接动名词);误:I lk frward t hear frm yu sn. 正:I lk frward t hearing frm yu sn.(解析:t后接动名词hearing,而非原形hear)。
      21. devte t / be used t
      核心用法:devte t 意为“致力于;献身于”,t为介词,后接名词或动名词,常用结构devte neself t sth/ding sth;be used t 分两种含义:be used t d sth 意为“被用来做某事”,t为不定式;be used t ding sth 意为“习惯于做某事”,t为介词,后接动名词。
      应用文例句:① We shuld devte urselves t studying hard.(演讲稿)② Wd is used t make desks and chairs.(说明文)③ I am used t getting up early and reading English.(个人陈述)
      正误对比:误:He devtes himself t study hard. 正:He devtes himself t studying hard.(解析:t是介词,后接动名词);误:I am used t get up early. 正:I am used t getting up early.(解析:表习惯于用be used t ding)。
      22. n duty / n hliday / n business
      核心用法:n duty 意为“值日;值班”,n hliday 意为“度假;休假”,n business 意为“出差”,三个短语均为固定搭配,n不可替换为in或at,多用于通知、请假邮件。
      应用文例句:① I am n duty tday and need t clean the classrm.(班级通知)② I will be n hliday next week and can’t attend the meeting.(请假邮件)③ My father is away n business these days.(邮件)
      正误对比:误:I am in duty tday. 正:I am n duty tday.(解析:固定搭配用n)。
      23. in surprise / t ne’s surprise
      核心用法:in surprise 意为“惊讶地;吃惊地”,为副词短语,修饰动词,作状语;t ne’s surprise 意为“令某人惊讶的是”,为固定短语,放句首,后用逗号隔开,ne’s需用形容词性物主代词。
      应用文例句:① He lked at me in surprise when he heard the news.(日记)② T my surprise, I wn first prize in the cmpetitin.(个人陈述)
      正误对比:误:T surprise, he passed the exam. 正:T his surprise, he passed the exam.(解析:t ne’s surprise需加形容词性物主代词);误:I lked at him t my surprise. 正:I lked at him in surprise.(解析:修饰动词用in surprise)。
      24. at last / finally / in the end
      核心用法:三者均意为“最后;终于”,可互换;at last 侧重经过漫长等待或努力后的结果,语气较强;finally 侧重顺序上的最后,可放句首或句中;in the end 侧重经过波折后的最终结局,可放句首或句末。
      应用文例句:① At last, we reached the tp f the muntain.(旅行日记)② Finally, I want t thank all my teachers and classmates.(演讲稿)③ He tried his best and succeeded in the end.(个人陈述)
      正误对比:误:At last, I will intrduce three tips fr learning English. 正:Finally, I will intrduce three tips fr learning English.(解析:表顺序最后用finally)。
      25. nce in a while / frm time t time
      核心用法:二者均意为“偶尔;有时”,可互换,为频度副词短语,多用于日记、书信、个人陈述,表动作不经常发生。
      应用文例句:① I g t the cinema nce in a while with my friends.(日记)② We chat with each ther frm time t time after class.(邮件)
      正误对比:误:I nce in a while g t the library.(语序可调整);正:I g t the library nce in a while.(解析:短语放句末更符合应用文表达习惯)。
      26. right nw / just nw
      核心用法:right nw 意为“立刻;马上;现在”,用于一般现在时或现在进行时,表当前时刻;just nw 意为“刚才;刚刚”,用于一般过去时,表过去的时刻。
      应用文例句:① I am busy preparing fr the exam right nw.(邮件)② I received yur email just nw.(邮件回复)
      正误对比:误:I finish my hmewrk just nw. 正:I finished my hmewrk just nw.(解析:just nw用一般过去时);误:I was reading right nw. 正:I am reading right nw.(解析:right nw用现在进行时)。
      27. s far / up t nw
      核心用法:二者均意为“到目前为止;迄今为止”,可互换,句子常用现在完成时,为应用文高分短语,多用于报告、个人陈述。
      应用文例句:① S far, we have cllected 200 bks fr the pr children.(倡议书)② Up t nw, I have learned 10 English sngs.(个人陈述)
      正误对比:误:S far, I learn 500 new wrds. 正:S far, I have learned 500 new wrds.(解析:s far后接现在完成时)。
      28. in a wrd / in shrt / in brief
      核心用法:三者均意为“总之;简言之”,用于句首总结全文,是应用文结尾总结的高频过渡词,in a wrd 语气最口语化,in shrt和in brief更正式,适用于演讲稿、倡议书、书信。
      应用文例句:① In a wrd, reading is very imprtant fr ur study.(演讲稿)② In shrt, we shuld take part in mre utdr activities.(倡议书)
      正误对比:误:In wrd, we shuld prtect the envirnment. 正:In a wrd, we shuld prtect the envirnment.(解析:固定搭配需加a)。
      29. in general / generally speaking
      核心用法:二者均意为“一般而言;总的来说”,用于句首引出普遍观点,可互换,多用于建议信、演讲稿、议论文。
      应用文例句:① In general, students need 8 hurs’ sleep every day.(建议信)② Generally speaking, practice makes perfect in English learning.(演讲稿)
      正误对比:误:General speaking, we shuld study hard. 正:Generally speaking, we shuld study hard.(解析:用副词generally修饰speaking)。
      30. n the cntrary / in cntrast
      核心用法:n the cntrary 意为“相反;反而”,用于转折对比,否定前文观点;in cntrast 意为“相比之下;与此相反”,用于对比两者差异,可单独使用或后接t/with,多用于议论文、建议信。
      应用文例句:① I dn’t like playing cmputer games. On the cntrary, I enjy reading bks.(个人陈述)② In cntrast, the secnd plan is mre practical.(建议信)
      正误对比:误:On cntrary, he disagrees with the plan. 正:On the cntrary, he disagrees with the plan.(解析:固定搭配需加the)。
      31. as a result / as a result f
      核心用法:as a result 意为“结果;因此”,单独作状语,后接句子,表结果;as a result f 意为“由于……;因为……”,后接名词或动名词,表原因,多用于因果关系的应用文。
      应用文例句:① He didn’t study hard. As a result, he failed the exam.(个人陈述)② As a result f the heavy rain, the utdr activity was put ff.(活动通知)
      正误对比:误:As a result, I was ill, I didn’t g t schl. 正:As a result f illness, I didn’t g t schl. / I was ill. As a result, I didn’t g t schl.(解析:as a result后接句子,as a result f后接名词)。
      32. take part in / jin in
      核心用法:take part in 意为“参加”,后接大型正式活动、比赛、会议等,侧重参与并发挥作用;jin in 意为“参加”,后接小规模活动、游戏、讨论等,侧重加入正在进行的活动,可互换。
      应用文例句:① I will take part in the English speech cntest next mnth.(申请信)② Cme and jin in ur class discussin.(班级通知)
      正误对比:误:I want t jin in the sprts meeting. 正:I want t take part in the sprts meeting.(解析:运动会是大型活动,用take part in)。
      33. lk after / take care f
      核心用法:二者均意为“照顾;照看;照料”,可互换,lk after 口语化,take care f 更正式,后接人或物,多用于求助信、通知、书信。
      应用文例句:① Culd yu please lk after my pet when I am away?(求助信)② We shuld take care f the envirnment arund us.(倡议书)
      正误对比:误:I lk after my hmewrk carefully. 正:I d my hmewrk carefully.(解析:lk after不接作业,表照顾人或物)。
      34. accrding t / in ne’s pinin
      核心用法:accrding t 意为“根据;按照”,后接名词、代词或消息来源,不可接第一人称;in ne’s pinin 意为“在某人看来”,后接个人观点,ne’s用形容词性物主代词。
      应用文例句:① Accrding t the schl ntice, the activity will be held n Friday.(通知)② In my pinin, we shuld read mre English bks.(建议信)
      正误对比:误:Accrding t me, the plan is gd. 正:In my pinin, the plan is gd.(解析:accrding t不可接第一人称)。
      35. by accident / n purpse
      核心用法:by accident 意为“偶然;意外地”,n purpse 意为“故意地;有意地”,二者互为反义词,均为副词短语,作状语,多用于日记、道歉信。
      应用文例句:① I brke the glass by accident just nw.(道歉信)② He didn’t d it n purpse.(邮件)
      正误对比:误:I met an ld friend n purpse in the street. 正:I met an ld friend by accident in the street.(解析:偶遇用by accident)。
      模块四:易混过渡词/连接词(应用文逻辑核心,20组)
      过渡词是应用文逻辑的灵魂,学生常出现逻辑混乱、过渡生硬、用词混淆的问题,本组20组过渡词按递进、转折、因果、并列、顺序、总结分类,精准区分用法差异,结合应用文写作逻辑需求,配专属例句,解决行文逻辑不清的丢分问题。
      1. hwever / therefre / besides / meanwhile
      逻辑区分:hwever 表转折,“然而”,逗号隔开;therefre 表因果,“因此”;besides 表递进,“此外”;meanwhile 表并列,“同时”。
      应用文例句:① The activity is meaningful. Hwever, we need t prepare mre carefully.(建议信)② It is helpful t ur study. Therefre, we shuld take part in it.(倡议书)
      失分提醒:hwever不可与but连用,therefre不可与s连用。
      2. firstly / at first / fr the first time
      逻辑区分:firstly 表顺序,“第一”,用于列举;at first 表时间,“起初、一开始”;fr the first time 表“第一次”,作状语。
      应用文例句:① Firstly, we shuld make a detailed plan.(演讲稿)② At first, I knew nthing abut the activity.(个人陈述)。
      3. what's mre / mrever / furthermre
      逻辑区分:三者均表递进关系,意为“此外,而且,更重要的是”,用于在原有观点、理由或信息基础上补充新内容,强化行文逻辑。what's mre 语气偏口语化,使用灵活,适合书信、邮件、日记等日常类应用文;mrever 与 furthermre 语气更正式,书面色彩浓厚,多用于演讲稿、倡议书、通知、报道等正式体裁,furthermre 递进语气更强,侧重进一步强调。
      应用文例句:① Taking part in vlunteer activities can cultivate ur sense f respnsibility. What's mre, it helps us make mre like-minded friends.(倡议书)② The plan is highly practical and easy t carry ut. Mrever, it wn't cst t much mney r time fr all participants.(建议信)③ Reading English classics can imprve ur language sense. Furthermre, it helps us understand freign culture better.(演讲稿)
      失分提醒:三者不可与 and 连用表重复递进,正式应用文优先选用 mrever 或 furthermre,避免口语化表达拉低文体档次。
      4. but / yet / hwever
      逻辑区分:三者均表转折关系,意为“但是,然而”,核心区别在词性和用法。but 为连词,连接两个并列分句,语气最强,直接转折,中间无需逗号隔开;yet 为连词或副词,转折语气较弱,侧重“尽管如此,却”,可放句中或句末;hwever 为副词,语气最委婉,转折程度最轻,必须用逗号与句子隔开,可放句首、句中或句末,是高考应用文最常用转折词。
      应用文例句:① I wuld like t take part in the activity but I have t prepare fr the mid-term exam.(邀请回复信)② I have tried my best t finish the task, yet I still made sme small mistakes.(道歉信)③ The activity is very meaningful. Hwever, we need t pay attentin t safety during the whle prcess.(活动通知)
      失分提醒:but 不可与 thugh/althugh 连用,hwever 不可直接连接两个分句,需单独成句或用分号隔开,避免句式杂糅。
      5. s / thus / therefre
      逻辑区分:三者均表因果关系,意为“因此,所以”,引出结果。s 为连词,语气口语化,连接两个句子,是最基础表达;thus 为副词,语气正式,侧重“由此,从而”,强调结果的必然性,后常接动词ing形式或完整句子;therefre 为副词,书面语色彩浓厚,语气最强,侧重“因此,因而”,用于正式推理,多用于演讲稿、建议信、通知等体裁,需用逗号隔开。
      应用文例句:① I am nt feeling well tday, s I can't g t schl as usual.(请假条)② We have made full preparatins fr the cntest, thus we are cnfident f achieving gd results.(班级报道)③ Reading is very imprtant fr English learning. Therefre, we shuld frm a gd reading habit.(演讲稿)
      失分提醒:s 不可与 because 连用,thus/therefre 为副词,不可直接连接两个分句,避免句式错误,正式应用文优先用 therefre。
      6. and / r / but
      逻辑区分:三者为并列连词,分别表并列、选择、转折,是应用文基础连接词,用法简单但极易误用。and 表并列,意为“和,并且”,连接并列成分、句子,表顺承或并列关系;r 表选择,意为“或者,否则”,用于选择句或祈使句,表“否则”时引出不良后果;but 表转折,意为“但是”,连接语义相反的内容。
      应用文例句:① I like reading English bks and watching English mvies in my spare time.(个人陈述)② Yu can hand in yur applicatin frm nline r give it t the teacher in persn.(招募通知)③ Take yur raincat with yu, r yu will get wet in the sudden rain.(户外活动提醒)
      失分提醒:and 在否定句中需换为 r,祈使句+r+陈述句为高考常考句型,r 表“否则”不可替换为 and,避免逻辑混乱。
      7. first / secnd / third / finally
      逻辑区分:本组为顺序连接词,用于列举观点、步骤、要求,清晰梳理行文结构,是应用文最常用列举词,适用于通知、建议信、演讲稿、倡议书等所有体裁。first 表“第一,首先”,secnd 表“第二,其次”,third 表“第三,再次”,finally 表“最后,最终”,语气正式,用法灵活,可放句首单独使用,也可加 ly 变为 firstly/secndly/thirdly/finally,后者更正式。
      应用文例句:① First, we shuld make a detailed plan fr the charity sale. Secnd, we need t cllect necessary gds in advance. Third, we shuld arrange students' tasks clearly. Finally, we need t make a summary after the activity.(倡议书)② Firstly, yu shuld practice speaking English every day. Secndly, yu can listen t English sngs t imprve yur listening. Finally, yu shuld keep a diary t practice writing.(建议信)
      失分提醒:列举时需遵循顺序,不可颠倒,正式应用文优先用 firstly/secndly/thirdly/finally,避免口语化的 first/secnd/third,确保文体规范。
      8. in a wrd / in shrt / in brief
      逻辑区分:三者均表总结关系,意为“总之,简言之”,用于应用文结尾总结全文观点、核心内容,收束全文。in a wrd 语气偏口语化,简洁明了,适合书信、日记等;in shrt 与 in brief 语气更正式,侧重“简要概括,总而言之”,适合演讲稿、通知、倡议书等正式体裁,可互换使用。
      应用文例句:① In a wrd, keeping a healthy lifestyle is very imprtant fr ur study and life.(演讲稿)② In shrt, we shuld take an active part in all kinds f schl activities t imprve urselves.(班级通知)③ In brief, the vlunteer activity is very meaningful and we all benefit a lt frm it.(活动报告)
      失分提醒:三者放句首时需用逗号隔开,不可用于句中总结,结尾总结单独成句,让行文结构更清晰,避免总结句与正文混杂。
      9. n the ne hand / n the ther hand
      逻辑区分:本组为对比连接词,意为“一方面,另一方面”,用于对比两个不同方面、利弊、观点,适用于建议信、演讲稿、议论文等体裁,侧重客观分析,逻辑严谨,通常成对使用。
      应用文例句:① On the ne hand, taking after-schl classes can imprve ur grades. On the ther hand, it will take up t much f ur spare time and make us feel tired.(建议信)② On the ne hand, nline learning is cnvenient and flexible. On the ther hand, it lacks face-t-face cmmunicatin with teachers and classmates.(邮件讨论)
      失分提醒:必须成对使用,不可只用其中一个,对比内容需对应,避免逻辑不对称,多用于分析利弊场景,不适合单纯列举或递进场景。
      10. nt als...
      逻辑区分:本组为递进连接词,意为“不仅……而且……”,连接两个并列成分(主语、谓语、宾语、句子),强调后者内容,语气强烈,是应用文高分句型连接词,适用于倡议书、演讲稿、申请信等。连接主语时,谓语动词遵循就近原则。
      应用文例句:① The activity can nt nly braden ur hrizns but als imprve ur practical skills.(倡议书)② Nt nly can we make new friends in the club but als we can learn plenty f useful knwledge.(申请信,倒装高分句型)
      失分提醒:nt nly 放句首时需部分倒装,but als 可省略 als,连接并列谓语时,时态需保持一致,就近原则不可混淆,避免主谓一致错误。
      11. /
      逻辑区分:二者为选择类并列连接词,互为反义。 意为“要么……要么……,或者……或者……”,表两者选其一; 意为“既不……也不……”,表两者都不否定。连接主语时,谓语动词均遵循就近原则,适用于通知、建议信、个人陈述等。
      应用文例句:① Yu can either take part in the English crner r jin the reading club next week.(班级通知)② Neither d I like playing cmputer games nr d I want t spend t much time n mbile phnes.(个人陈述)
      失分提醒: 本身表否定,不可再与 nt 连用,就近原则严格执行,避免主谓不一致, 表选择时不可表并列,区分清晰逻辑。
      12. as lng as / as sn as
      逻辑区分:二者为状语从句连接词,用法差异明显。as lng as 意为“只要”,引导条件状语从句,表条件;as sn as 意为“一……就……”,引导时间状语从句,表时间,二者均遵循主将从现、主情从现、主祈从现原则。
      应用文例句:① As lng as yu keep practicing, yu will make great prgress in ral English.(建议信)② I will call yu as sn as I arrive at the schl gate tmrrw mrning.(邮件)
      失分提醒:从句时态不可用将来时,必须用一般现在时表将来,区分条件和时间逻辑,不可混用连接词,避免从句时态错误。
      13. even if / even thugh
      逻辑区分:二者均表让步关系,意为“即使,尽管”,引导让步状语从句,可互换使用,侧重“退一步说,即便如此”,适用于演讲稿、建议信、个人陈述等,表达坚定态度或客观让步。
      应用文例句:① Even if I meet many difficulties, I will never give up my dream.(演讲稿)② Even thugh the task is very hard, we will try ur best t finish it n time.(活动通知)
      失分提醒:不可与 but 连用,让步状语从句时态灵活,遵循语境需求,不强调虚拟语气,陈述事实即可,避免句式杂糅。
      14. because / since / as / fr
      逻辑区分:四者均表因果关系,意为“因为”,引导原因状语从句,语气由强到弱:because > since > as > fr。because 表直接原因,回答 why 提问,语气最强;since 表“既然,由于”,侧重已知的原因,语气较弱;as 表“因为,由于”,语气更弱,侧重附带原因;fr 为并列连词,表补充说明原因,放句末,前加逗号。
      应用文例句:① I can't attend the party because I have a family thing t deal with.(邀请拒绝信)② Since everyne is here, let's start the class meeting nw.(班级通知)③ As it is raining heavily, we have t put ff the utdr activity.(活动通知)④ I must get up early tmrrw, fr I have t catch the early bus.(日记)
      失分提醒:because 不可与 s 连用,fr 不可放句首,区分语气强弱,正式应用文优先用 because 或 since,避免口语化误用。
      15. thugh / althugh
      逻辑区分:二者均表让步关系,意为“虽然,尽管”,引导让步状语从句,可互换使用,althugh 语气更正式,thugh 更口语化,均可放句首或句中,从句不可与 but 连用,可与 yet/still 连用。
      应用文例句:① Althugh I am busy with my study, I still take part in vlunteer activities regularly.(个人陈述)② Thugh the weather was cld, we still finished the vlunteer task happily.(活动日记)
      失分提醒:绝对不可与 but 连用,可在主句前加 yet/still 强化语气,正式应用文优先用 althugh,确保文体规范,避免让步逻辑错误。
      16. while / when
      逻辑区分:二者均引导时间状语从句,意为“当……时候”,核心区别在从句动词性质。when 可接延续性或短暂性动词,侧重“某个时间点”;while 只能接延续性动词或进行时态,侧重“一段时间内,与此同时”,while 还可表对比转折,意为“然而”。
      应用文例句:① I was reading a bk when the telephne rang yesterday evening.(日记)② While I was ding my hmewrk, my mther was cking dinner in the kitchen.(日记)③ Sme students like reading, while thers prefer ding sprts in their spare time.(班级报道)
      失分提醒:while 引导时间状语从句时,从句必须用进行时或延续性动词,不可接短暂性动词,区分时间和对比逻辑,避免混用。
      17. after / befre / until
      逻辑区分:三者均引导时间状语从句,表时间先后顺序。after 意为“在……之后”,befre 意为“在……之前”,until 意为“直到……为止”, 意为“直到……才……”,均遵循主将从现原则,适用于通知、日记、邮件等。
      应用文例句:① After we finish the activity, we will take a grup pht t remember it.(活动通知)② Please turn ff the lights befre yu leave the classrm.(班级通知)③ I wn't g hme until I finish my hmewrk at schl.(日记)
      失分提醒:until 用于肯定句时,主句动词为延续性动词; 为常考句型,主句动词为短暂性动词,从句时态用一般现在时表将来,避免时态错误。
      18. unless / if
      逻辑区分:二者均引导条件状语从句,if 意为“如果”,表正面条件;unless 意为“除非,如果不”,表否定条件,相当于 ,二者可同义转换,均遵循主将从现原则,适用于通知、建议信、提醒类应用文。
      应用文例句:① If yu have any questins, yu can cntact me at any time.(邮件)② Yu wn't pass the exam unless yu study hard frm nw n.(建议信)
      失分提醒:unless 不可与 nt 连用,同义转换时注意否定词位置,从句时态不用将来时,避免条件逻辑混淆。
      19. in additin / in additin t
      逻辑区分:二者均表递进,意为“此外,另外”,核心区别在词性。in additin 为副词短语,单独使用,放句首用逗号隔开,后接句子;in additin t 为介词短语,后接名词、代词或动名词,不可接句子,适用于所有应用文体裁。
      应用文例句:① The activity can imprve ur cmmunicatin skills. In additin, it can make ur schl life mre clrful.(倡议书)② In additin t reading bks, I als like taking part in utdr activities in my spare time.(个人陈述)
      失分提醒:in additin t 后必须接名词或动名词,不可接完整句子,区分短语性质,避免句式杂糅,递进逻辑清晰。
      20. as we all knw / as far as I knw
      逻辑区分:二者均为插入语,用于引出普遍观点或个人观点。as we all knw 意为“众所周知”,表公认的事实、常识,放句首用逗号隔开;as far as I knw 意为“据我所知”,表个人了解的信息,语气委婉,适合书信、邮件、建议信等。
      应用文例句:① As we all knw, English is becming mre and mre imprtant in ur daily life.(演讲稿)② As far as I knw, the schl will hld a sprts meeting next mnth.(班级通知)
      失分提醒:作为插入语,不可充当句子主干成分,放句首必须加逗号,区分公认事实和个人观点,避免语气误用。
      模块五:易错句型结构(应用文高分句型,10大类)
      应用文高分句型核心为三大从句、特殊句式、虚拟语气,学生易出现引导词混淆、从句语序错误、省略不当、语气误用等问题,本模块聚焦高考常考易错句型,配错误示例、正确句型、写作模板,直接套用拿高分。
      1. 定语从句易错点(that/which/wh/whse/where/when)
      易错点:that与which混用(非限制性定语从句不用that);关系代词与关系副词混用;从句语序错误。
      错误示例:I have a bk, that is very useful. 正:I have a bk, which is very useful.(非限制性定从用which)
      应用文模板:This is the activity which/that we have been lking frward t.(通知)
      应用文例句:I am writing t tell yu abut the speech cntest which will be held in ur schl next week.(邮件)。
      2. 状语从句易错点(省略规则、引导词混淆)
      易错点:时间/条件状语从句主将从现;从句省略主语和be动词的条件;thugh/althugh不可与but连用。
      错误示例:If it will rain tmrrw, we will cancel the activity. 正:If it rains tmrrw, we will cancel the activity.(主将从现)
      应用文模板:When (yu are) in truble, yu can ask yur teachers fr help.(建议信)。
      3. 名词性从句易错点(语序、引导词)
      易错点:从句用陈述语序;what/that混用(that无成分,what作成分)。
      错误示例:I want t knw what is yur name. 正:I want t knw what yur name is.(陈述语序)。
      4. 虚拟语气易错点(建议信/求职信/道歉信)
      易错点:suggest/advise/insist/demand后接从句用(shuld) d;if引导的虚拟语气时态错误。
      错误示例:I suggest that yu take part in the club.(正确);误:I suggest that yu tk part in the club. 正:I suggest that yu (shuld) take part in the club.(虚拟语气用原形)
      应用文模板:I strngly advise that we (shuld) hld a meeting t discuss the prblem.(建议信)。
      5. 倒装句/强调句易错点
      强调句错误示例:误:It is me wh help yu. 正:It is I wh help yu.(强调句用主格)
      倒装句例句:Only in this way can we imprve ur English.(演讲稿高分句型)。
      6. 非谓语动词易错点(应用文高频扣分点)
      易错点:t d/ding/dne形式混用;非谓语动词逻辑主语与句子主语不一致;固定搭配中非谓语形式记错(如avid后接ding、prmise后接t d);使役动词、感官动词后非谓语省略t规则混淆;非谓语表主动、被动、完成含义区分不清。
      错误示例:误:I lk frward t see yu sn. 正:I lk frward t seeing yu sn.(t为介词,后接动名词);误:Seeing frm the tp, the park lks beautiful. 正:Seen frm the tp, the park lks beautiful.(非谓语逻辑主语为park,表被动用过去分词)。
      应用文模板:I am glad t receive yur letter asking fr advice n...(书信开头);It is necessary fr us t take part in...(通知/建议信);We try ur best t finish the task, leaving a gd impressin n everyne.(活动报道)。
      应用文例句:I am writing t apply fr the vlunteer psitin, hping t get yur apprval.(申请信);The activity held last week was highly praised by all teachers and students.(活动报道)。
      7. 主谓一致易错点(细节隐性丢分)
      易错点:集体名词(family/class/team)作主语时谓语单复数混淆;就近原则、就远原则适用场景记错;非谓语动词、从句作主语时谓语用单数;分数/百分数+名词作主语,谓语单复数由名词决定;不定代词(everyne/smene/nthing)作主语,谓语一律用单数。
      错误示例:误:My family is all cncerned abut my study. 正:My family are all cncerned abut my study.(强调家庭成员,谓语用复数);误:Nt nly he but als his parents likes the plan. 正:Nt nly he but als his parents like the plan.(就近原则,谓语随parents变复数)。
      应用文模板:Our class is ging t hld...(强调整体);The staff in the club are ready t help...(强调成员);Everything is prepared well fr the ceremny.(通知)。
      应用文例句:Everyne in ur schl is required t attend the lecture n time.(学校通知);Three fifths f the students are willing t jin the envirnmental prtectin activity.(倡议书)。
      8. 时态语态易错点(应用文核心时态规范)
      易错点:书信/邮件常用时态混淆(一般现在时、一般将来时、现在完成时混用);通知、计划类文体误用过去时;被动语态遗漏(尤其是活动被举办、任务被安排、信件被收到);短暂性动词与延续性动词在完成时中的误用;宾语从句、状语从句时态呼应错误。
      错误示例:误:I receive yur letter yesterday. 正:I received yur letter yesterday.(过去时间用一般过去时);误:The activity will hld next Friday. 正:The activity will be held next Friday.(活动表被动,用被动语态);误:I have brrwed the bk fr a week. 正:I have kept the bk fr a week.(brrw为短暂性动词,完成时接时间段用延续性动词keep)。
      应用文模板:I have been lking frward t yur reply fr lng.(书信结尾);The lecture will be given by a famus prfessr.(通知);We have finished all the preparatins fr the sprts meeting.(活动通知)。
      应用文例句:I have learned a lt frm the vlunteer activity which ended last week.(活动总结邮件);Yur applicatin will be dealt with as sn as pssible.(回复邮件)。
      9. 感叹句易错点(书信、演讲稿情感表达)
      易错点:what与hw引导感叹句的结构混淆;what修饰名词(可数/不可数、单复数),hw修饰形容词/副词/动词;感叹句语序错误,多余使用主语或谓语;书面应用文感叹句滥用,语气过于口语化。
      错误示例:误:Hw useful advice it is! 正:What useful advice it is!(advice为不可数名词,用what修饰);误:What beautiful the scenery is! 正:Hw beautiful the scenery is!(beautiful为形容词,用hw修饰)。
      应用文模板:What a meaningful experience it is!(活动日记/报道);Hw helpful yur advice is t me!(感谢信);What imprtant infrmatin yu have ffered!(邮件回复)。
      应用文例句:What a wnderful time we had at the graduatin ceremny!(毕业书信);Hw eagerly I hpe t take part in the summer camp!(申请信)。
      10. 祈使句易错点(通知、倡议书、建议信高频句式)
      易错点:祈使句省略主语yu,句首动词误用第三人称单数;否定祈使句漏加Dn’t,错用Nt开头;祈使句+and/r+陈述句结构错误;礼貌性祈使句Please位置不当(句首或句中均可,句末加逗号);命令式祈使句语气过重,不符合应用文礼貌语境。
      错误示例:误:Cmes t the meeting rm n time. 正:Cme t the meeting rm n time.(祈使句用动词原形);误:Nt be late fr the activity. 正:Dn’t be late fr the activity.(否定祈使句用Dn’t+动词原形)。
      应用文模板:Please keep quiet in the library.(通知);Take yur persnal belngings with yu, r yu will lse them.(活动提醒);Fllw the rules and yu will have a pleasant experience.(倡议书)。
      应用文例句:Please fill in the applicatin frm carefully and hand it in befre Friday.(招募通知);Dn’t hesitate t cntact me if yu have any questins.(邮件结尾)。
      模块六:应用文格式易错点(8大常考体裁)
      格式疏漏是应用文隐性丢分点,高考评分标准明确格式占1-3分,学生常出现称呼、落款、日期、敬语、开头结尾书写错误,本模块汇总8大常考体裁标准格式+错误格式对比,标注核心易错细节,确保格式零丢分。
      1. 书信/邮件格式易错点
      标准格式:① 称呼:顶格写Dear + 称呼,后加逗号(英式)或冒号(美式,高考推荐逗号);② 正文:分段,首行可空格;③ 落款:右对齐,先写祝福语(Yurs sincerely/Truly),再写署名,最后写日期(英式:日/月/年,美式:月/日/年)。
      易错点:称呼顶格却空格;祝福语署名位置错误;日期书写颠倒;漏写署名/日期。
      错误格式:称呼缩进;署名在祝福语上方;日期写在署名前。
      正确示例:Dear Tm, 正文... Yurs sincerely, Li Hua。
      2. 通知格式易错点
      标准格式:① 标题:Ntice(居中,大写首字母);② 正文:顶格写,无需称呼;③ 落款:右对齐,写发布单位+日期。
      易错点:漏写标题Ntice;称呼多余;落款无发布单位。
      3. 演讲稿格式易错点
      标准格式:① 称呼:Gd mrning/afternn, dear teachers and classmates,;② 正文;③ 结尾:Thank yu!(单独一行)。
      易错点:漏写结尾Thank yu!;称呼过于随意。
      4. 倡议书/日记/报道/请假条/求职信格式易错点
      逐一梳理每类体裁格式:倡议书需有标题、称呼、倡议内容、倡议人、日期;日记顶格写日期+天气,正文缩进;报道有标题、导语、正文、署名;请假条需注明请假原因、时长、落款;求职信需有称呼、自我介绍、求职意向、落款,标注每类易错细节,配标准模板和错误对比。
      板块说明:本板块为高考英语应用文写作三轮复习核心实战训练模块,总字数5500字左右,完全紧扣第三部分易混易错知识点命题,实现“易错点全覆盖、考题全适配、语境全专属”的训练目标。所有习题均采用高考常考应用文真实语境,剔除无效无关素材,分为两大核心题型,难度由浅入深,从单句辨析到语篇运用,层层递进夯实基础,彻底规避写作失分陷阱,全面适配高考应用文写作命题规律与评分标准。
      训练核心:单句语境抓易错细节,完整语篇练综合运用,每道题对应第三部分1-2个高频易错点,做完即可对照答案复盘,精准定位薄弱项,针对性查漏补缺。
      题型一:应用文单句语境辨析题(15句,基础巩固)
      题型要求:每题给出应用文专属单句语境,从括号内易混选项中选出正确单词/短语,或写出单词正确形式,每道题标注对应易错考点,难度由易到难排序,覆盖易混动词、名词、介词、连接词、句型五大类核心考点,适配书信、通知、演讲稿、倡议书、邮件等高频体裁片段。
      第1-5题(基础难度:高频易混词基础辨析)
      1.I sincerely ________ (admit / recgnize) that I made a careless mistake in the email and aplgize fr any incnvenience.(考点:admit与recgnize词义用法区分,道歉信专用)
      答案:admit
      易错解析:recgnize侧重辨认、认可事实,不用于承认自身过错,道歉信表达承认错误必须用admit,且admit后不可接不定式,需接动名词或that从句。
      2.Our schl will ________ (ffer / prvide / affrd) free drinking water and masks fr all participants in the sprts meeting.(考点:ffer/prvide/affrd搭配差异,活动通知专用)
      答案:prvide
      易错解析:affrd需与can/culd连用,表负担得起;ffer侧重主动给予,常用ffer sb sth;prvide侧重提供所需物资,固定搭配prvide sth fr sb,符合通知语境。
      3.I am glad t ________ (accept / receive) yur kind invitatin t the graduatin ceremny.(考点:accept与receive主客观区分,邀请回复信专用)
      答案:accept
      易错解析:receive表客观收到,不涉及主观意愿;accept表主观愿意接受,邀请回复中表达接受邀请必须用accept。
      4.I strngly ________ (advise / suggest) yu t keep a diary every day t imprve yur English writing skills.(考点:advise与suggest结构差异,建议信专用)
      答案:advise
      易错解析:suggest不可接sb t d sth结构,只能接ding sth或that从句;advise可接sb t d sth,为建议信高频高分句型。
      5.All students are welcme t ________ (jin / take part in) the after-class English debate this Friday afternn.(考点:jin与take part in适用场景区分,班级通知专用)
      答案:take part in
      易错解析:jin后接组织、团体,成为其中一员;take part in后接活动、比赛,强调参与其中,辩论属于活动,故用take part in。
      第6-10题(中等难度:搭配+词性+时态综合辨析)
      6.We plan t ________ (raise / rise) mney fr the left-behind children thrugh a charity sale next week.(考点:raise与rise及物不及物区分,倡议书专用)
      答案:raise
      易错解析:rise为不及物动词,不可接宾语;raise为及物动词,后可直接接宾语mney,表筹集资金,固定搭配raise mney。
      7.I have ________ (brrwed / kept) this reference bk fr tw weeks and I will return it tmrrw.(考点:brrw与keep延续性短暂性区分,图书馆通知专用)
      答案:kept
      易错解析:brrw为短暂性动词,不可与时间段连用;keep为延续性动词,可接fr+时间段,表借用某物时长。
      8.________ (With / Under) the help f my English teacher, I have made great prgress in ral English.(考点:固定搭配纠错,感谢信专用)
      答案:With
      易错解析:“在……的帮助下”固定搭配为with the help f,under the help f为中式英语,属于高频易错搭配。
      9.I am lking frward t ________ (hear / hearing) frm yu as sn as pssible.(考点:t为介词的固定搭配,书信结尾专用)
      答案:hearing
      易错解析:lk frward t中t为介词,而非不定式符号,后必须接动名词形式,不可接动词原形,为高考必考易错点。
      10.________ (Besides / Except) English, I am als gd at playing the pian and want t shw my talent in the talent shw.(考点:besides与except词义区分,申请信专用)
      答案:Besides
      易错解析:except表除……之外(不包含),besides表除……之外还有(包含),本句表达除英语外还有其他特长,需用besides。
      第11-15题(拔高难度:句型+逻辑+语境综合辨析)
      11.The lecture hall ________ (lies / lays) in the nrth f ur schl, next t the schl library.(考点:lie与lay变形词义区分,活动通知专用)
      答案:lies
      易错解析:lie表位于,不及物动词,第三人称单数形式lies;lay表放置、下蛋,及物动词,需接宾语,此处表地点方位用lies。
      12.I suggest ________ (hld / hlding) a class meeting t discuss the details f the upcming vlunteer activity.(考点:suggest用法,班级通知专用)
      答案:hlding
      易错解析:suggest后不可接不定式,只能接动名词形式,属于建议信、通知高频句型易错点。
      13.________ (Hwever / Therefre), the activity will be put ff until next Saturday due t the bad weather.(考点:转折与因果连接词区分,活动通知专用)
      答案:Hwever
      易错解析:therefre表因此,引结果;hwever表然而,引转折,本句前文提及活动计划,后文表推迟,为转折关系,用hwever。
      14.All the students are required t ________ (wear / put n) schl unifrms during the schl celebratin.(考点:wear与put n状态动作区分,通知专用)
      答案:wear
      易错解析:put n表穿的动作,wear表穿着的状态,通知要求统一着装,强调状态,故用wear。
      15.I ________ (hpe / wish) yu can make great prgress in yur final exam and get gd grades.(考点:hpe与wish结构区分,祝福信专用)
      答案:hpe
      易错解析:hpe不可接sb t d sth,可接that从句;wish可接虚拟语气,本句为真实可实现的祝福,用hpe that从句,that可省略。
      题型二:完整应用文综合训练题(15篇,语篇提升)
      题型要求:每篇为80-120词完整高考常考应用文,涵盖建议信、通知、演讲稿、日记、倡议书、申请信、邀请信、道歉信、感谢信、请假条十大体裁,考查形式分为三类:纯填词(介词、连词、代词)、词形转换、易混词选词填空,每篇标注体裁、考查核心、词数要求,全面考查语篇中知识点综合运用能力,贴合高考应用文写作语言运用评分标准。
      考查形式说明:1-5篇为易混词选词填空,6-10篇为纯填词+词形转换,11-15篇为综合考查(混合三类题型),难度逐级提升,覆盖所有易混易错点。
      第1-5篇:易混词选词填空(高频体裁,基础语篇运用)
      1. 建议信(词数:90词,考查:易混动词+名词,建议信核心句式)
      Dear Tm,
      I'm writing t give yu sme advice n hw t imprve yur ral English. First, yu shuld ften ________ (jin / take part in) the English crner t practice speaking. It's a gd chance t cmmunicate with thers. Secnd, I ________ (advise / suggest) yu t listen t English sngs every day, which can make yur prnunciatin better. ________ (Beside / Besides), keeping a diary in English can als help yu imprve yur language sense. Yu can ________ (accept / receive) mre useful advice frm yur teacher if yu ask fr help.
      I believe yu will make prgress sn.
      Yurs sincerely,
      Li Hua
      答案:take part in;advise;Besides;accept
      考查易错点:活动类动词辨析、advise/suggest结构、递进连接词、主客观接受动词区分
      2. 活动通知(词数:85词,考查:易混动词+介词,通知格式句式)
      NOTICE
      A schl-wide charity sale will ________ (take place / happen) in the schl playgrund this Friday afternn. We will ________ (raise / rise) mney fr pr children in rural areas. All students and teachers can ________ (attend / jin) the sale. Please ________ (arrive / reach) at the playgrund befre 2:30 pm. Dn't be late.
      Everyne is welcme t give a helping hand!
      Student Unin
      答案:take place;raise;attend;arrive
      考查易错点:有计划/偶然发生动词区分、及物不及物动词、到达类动词搭配
      3. 演讲稿(词数:100词,考查:易混连接词+动词,演讲稿逻辑)
      Gd mrning, dear teachers and classmates,
      Tday I want t talk abut the imprtance f reading. Reading can nt nly pen ur minds but als imprve ur writing skills. ________ (Hwever / Therefre), we shuld spend mre time reading every day. Sme students may say they dn't have enugh time. ________ (But / Thugh), we can find free time after class r befre bedtime. We can ________ (spend / take) 30 minutes reading every day, and we will find it very helpful.
      Thank yu!
      答案:Therefre;Thugh;spend
      考查易错点:因果转折连接词、花费类动词主语区分
      4. 道歉信(词数:95词,考查:易混动词+句型,道歉信情感表达)
      Dear Miss Wang,
      I'm writing t say srry fr nt finishing my hmewrk n time. I ________ (admit / recgnize) that I was t careless and frgt t d it. I wanted t ________ (brrw / lend) a ntebk frm my classmate t cpy, but I didn't d that. I prmise I will ________ (finish / cmplete) my hmewrk carefully frm nw n and never make such a mistake again.
      I hpe yu can frgive me.
      Yurs truly,
      Li Hua
      答案:admit;brrw;finish
      考查易错点:过错承认动词、借还方向区分、日常/正式完成动词
      5. 申请信(词数:110词,考查:易混名词+动词,申请信自我推荐)
      Dear Sir r Madam,
      I'm writing t apply fr the vlunteer psitin f the schl sprts meeting. I have a lt f ________ (advice / experience) in vlunteer wrk. I ________ (can affrd / am willing t) help thers and wrk hard. I ________ (hpe / wish) I can be a member f the vlunteer team. I have gd cmmunicatin ________ (skills / talents) and can get alng well with thers.
      Lking frward t yur reply.
      Yurs faithfully,
      Li Hua
      答案:experience;am willing t;hpe;skills
      考查易错点:可数不可数名词、能力意愿表达、后天技能/先天天赋区分
      第6-10篇:纯填词+词形转换(高频体裁,语法+语境结合)
      6. 邀请信(词数:90词,考查:介词+连词+代词,邀请信句式)
      Dear Peter,
      I'm writing t invite yu t take part ________ ur schl English culture festival. It will be held ________ the schl hall ________ Nvember 10th. The festival will start at 9:00 am, ________ yu can cme a little earlier. I believe ________ will be a wnderful experience fr yu.
      I'm lking frward t yur cming.
      Yurs,
      Li Hua
      答案:in;in;n;and;it
      考查易错点:介词固定搭配、时间介词、并列连词、代词指代
      7. 日记(词数:85词,考查:动词时态+词形转换,日记时态)
      Octber 12th, Sunday Fine
      Tday I ________ (vlunteer) t help clean the cmmunity park with my classmates. We ________ (start) at 8:00 am and ________ (spend) abut tw hurs ________ (clean) the rubbish. Althugh we were tired, we felt very happy. It was a ________ (mean) day, and I learned a lt frm the activity.
      答案:vlunteered;started;spent;cleaning;meaningful
      考查易错点:日记过去时态、spend ding固定搭配、形容词词形转换
      8. 倡议书(词数:105词,考查:介词+非谓语动词,倡议语句式)
      Dear classmates,
      We shuld prtect ur schl envirnment. We shuldn't thrw rubbish ________ everywhere. We shuld try ur best ________ (keep) ur schl clean and tidy. We can als plant mre trees and flwers ________ (make) ur schl mre beautiful. Let's take actin ________ nce and make a difference.
      Class 1, Grade 11
      答案:/(不填);t keep;t make;at
      考查易错点:副词短语不加介词、非谓语动词不定式、固定短语at nce
      9. 感谢信(词数:95词,考查:连词+介词+动词形式,感谢信情感)
      Dear Mr. Li,
      I'm writing t thank yu ________ yur help. ________ I met difficulties in English learning, yu always encuraged me and gave me useful advice. ________ yur help, I have made great prgress in my exams. I will never frget the time ________ we spent tgether. Thank yu again fr everything yu have dne fr me.
      Yurs gratefully,
      Li Hua
      答案:fr;When;With;that/which
      考查易错点:thank固定搭配、时间连词、with help固定短语、定语从句引导词
      10. 请假条(词数:80词,考查:介词+动词时态,请假条格式)
      Dear Miss Zhang,
      I'm srry ________ tell yu that I can't g t schl tday. I ________ (catch) a cld yesterday and have a fever. The dctr asked me t stay ________ bed and have a gd rest. I want t ask ________ three days' leave, frm Octber 12th t 14th. I will make up fr the missed lessns after I cme back t schl.
      Yurs,
      Li Hua
      答案:t;caught;in;fr
      考查易错点:srry t d结构、过去时态、stay in bed固定搭配、ask fr leave短语
      第11-15篇:综合考查题(拔高难度,高考实战模拟)
      11. 校园活动通知(词数:110词,综合:选词填空+填词+词形转换)
      NOTICE
      An English speech cntest ________ (hld) in the schl lecture hall next Friday afternn. The tpic f the cntest is “My Beautiful Schl”. Anyne wh is ________ (interest) in English can take part ________ it. Yu need t ________ (finish / cmplete) yur speech within 5 minutes. Please ________ (arrive / reach) the lecture hall befre 1:30 pm. ________ (nt be) late, r yu will lse the chance.
      Wish all the cntestants gd luck!
      English Club
      答案:will be held;interested;in;finish;arrive;Dn't be
      考查易错点:被动语态、be interested in固定搭配、到达动词、祈使句否定形式
      12. 建议信(词数:120词,综合:易混词+非谓语+连接词)
      Dear Jhn,
      I'm srry t hear that yu have sme ________ (prblem / questin) in learning Chinese. First, yu can watch Chinese TV shws every day, it can help yu imprve yur listening skills. ________ (Hwever / Therefre), yu shuld practice speaking Chinese as ften as pssible. Dn't be afraid ________ (make) mistakes. Yu can als ________ (learn / study) sme Chinese sngs, which is a fun way t learn new wrds. ________ (As / Because) Chinese is a useful language, yu shuld keep learning it.
      I hpe yu can make prgress sn.
      Yurs,
      Li Hua
      答案:prblems;Therefre;f making;learn;As
      考查易错点:可数名词复数、因果连接词、be afraid f ding、learn/study区分、原因连词
      13. 日记(词数:90词,综合:时态+词形+介词)
      Nvember 5th, Saturday Cludy
      Tday my family and I ________ (g) t climb the muntain. We ________ (leave) hme early in the mrning. The weather was nt gd, ________ we still kept ________ (climb). Finally, we gt t the tp ________ (successful). We enjyed the beautiful view and tk many phts. It was an ________ (frget) day fr me.
      答案:went;left;but;climbing;successfully;unfrgettable
      考查易错点:日记过去时态、转折连词、keep ding结构、副词词形、形容词否定转换
      14. 求职信(词数:115词,综合:易混词+句型+固定搭配)
      Dear Sir / Madam,
      I'm writing t apply ________ the part-time jb as an English tutr. I ________ (graduate) frm high schl last year and I'm gd at English. I have the ________ (ability / talent) t teach English well. I am patient and willing t help thers. I can ________ (affrd / ffer) t teach students n weekends. I ________ (hpe / wish) I can get this jb and I will wrk hard.
      Lking frward t yur early reply.
      Yurs faithfully,
      Li Hua
      答案:fr;graduated;ability;affrd;hpe
      考查易错点:apply fr固定搭配、过去时态、能力/天赋名词、ffer/affrd区分、hpe/wish结构
      15. 环保倡议书(词数:120词,综合:连接词+动词+介词,高考高频体裁)
      Dear all,
      Nwadays, envirnmental pllutin is becming mre and mre serius. ________ (As a result / As a result f), we shuld take actin t prtect the envirnment. We shuld save water and electricity in ur daily life. We can g t schl by bike r n ft instead ________ driving cars. We shuld als stp ________ (thrw) rubbish everywhere. ________ (Only in this way / But) can we make ur earth mre beautiful.
      Let's wrk tgether t prtect ur hme!
      Students' Unin
      答案:As a result;f;thrwing;Only in this way
      考查易错点:因果短语、instead f固定搭配、stp ding结构、倒装句型

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