2026年上海市长宁区高三下学期二模英语试卷含答案

这是一份2026年上海市长宁区高三下学期二模英语试卷含答案，共24页。试卷主要包含了 A等内容，欢迎下载使用。

Grammar and Vcabulary
Sectin A
Directins: After reading the passage belw, fill in the blanks t make the passage cherent and grammatically crrect. Fr the blanks with a given wrd, fill in each blank with the prper frm f the given wrd; fr the ther blanks, use ne wrd that best fits each blank.
Blue znes
Everyne wants t live a lng, healthy life, and s it’s n surprise that researchers are lking int ways t make that happen. One apprach is t study areas in which peple have lnger-than-average lives knwn as blue znes and see
1 these cmmunities d t prmte lng life.
Dan Buettner’s bk The Blue Znes intrduced the cncept f blue znes—five regins spread ut acrss three cntinents 2 peple live unusually lng and healthy lives. In ne early phase f their research, researchers identified these places and marked 3 n a map with blue circles, which inspired the term blue znes.
After identifying the blue znes, Buettner investigated their cultures, 4 (seek) insight int why their peple are s healthy and lng-lived. His team identified nine cmmn lifestyle practices knwn as the “Pwer 9,” which create supprtive envirnments that imprve physical, mental and emtinal health.
5 the details varied, a cmmn feature in the diets f peple in blue znes is that they fllw primarily plant-based diets. Thse wh eat meat typically nly d s fur r five times a mnth. They als typically either fast regularly r limit the amunt they eat. Additinally, they drink wine 6 mderatin.
Exercise is necessary fr gd health, but peple in blue znes generally d nt set aside time fr exercise
7 (plan) specifically fr fitness, such as ging t the gym. Instead, activity 8 (build) int daily life as they walk frm place t place and d husewrk such as gardening and cleaning.
Many families in blue znes live in hmes where multiple generatins reside tgether. This arrangement prvides emtinal and practical supprt fr bth the ld and the yung. And these cmmunities are rganized in a way that enables peple 9 (find) scial supprt beynd their bilgical family. In these tight-knit cmmunities, the residents ften lk ut fr each ther, which in turn 10 (strengthen) the scial bnds that are essential fr a lng and healthy life.
Sectin B
Directins: Cmplete the fllwing passage by using the wrds in the bx. Each wrd can be used nly nce. Nte that there is ne wrd mre than yu need.
Reading the trees
By analysing variatins in tree rings acrss frests wrldwide, Neil Pedersn and his team at Clumbia University’s Lamnt-Dherty Earth Observatry have cnstructed an extensive climatic recrd, tracing patterns f drught and rainfall ver hundreds t thusands f years. Their wrk is based n the principle that tree rings 11 annual grwth cnditins: larger rings usually indicate wetter perids, while smaller nes suggest drught.
In 2010, while investigating the effects f climate change ver the past twenty years in Mnglia, the team 12
encuntered a grup f pines ( 松树) in the Khrg lava ( 熔岩) fields. Althugh their 13 aim was t study the impact f climate change n wildfires in Mnglia’s frests, this accidental discvery sn became the fcus f their research. The site’s vlcanic landscape and harsh climate created cnditins in which the dead pines culd remain 14
fr centuries, ffering the team anther research prject: creating a recrd f climate change by reading the pine-rings.
As they were 15 fr time, the researchers sampled just eighteen pines. Despite the limited samples, sme f their crss sectins, pieces f trunks made by cutting acrss them, 16 signs f great age. One Siberian pine alne cntained nearly 800 rings, indicating eleven centuries f grwth. The tree-ring recrd suggested that the site might have undergne unusually lng envirnmental changes. Mrever, just by lking at the unusual 17 f these ld trees—wider bases, winding trunks, and signs f regrwth, the researchers were able t identify their great age.
T get recrds f wetness, the Pedersn’s team crss-dated (交叉年代测定) the different trees and 18 patterns
f large and small rings thrugh time. They cmbined their newly fund samples with the earlier cllectins, gradually building a(n) 19 recrd f the regin’s tree ages and its climatic cntext.
What began as a shrt field trip with a different research gal finally prduced detailed data f Mnglia’s drught and rainfall perids ver abut 1,100 years, well beynd the regin’s previus 20 .
A. matched
B. riginal
C. preserved
D. pressed
E. recrds
F. reflect
G. reliable
H. revealed
I. shapes
J. subsequently
K. unexpectedly
Reading Cmprehensin
Sectin A
Directins: Fr each blank in the fllwing passage there are fur wrds r phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the wrd r phrase that best fits the cntext.
A new artificial intelligence-pwered stethscpe, a device that medical experts use t listen t sunds in the bdy such as a heartbeat, can detect three different heart cnditins in 15 secnds.
Mre than ne millin peple acrss the UK are nw affected by heart failure, a(n) 21 where the heart can’t make bld flw prperly because f weak muscle functin. One 22 is shrtness f breath, but it is frequently ignred. As a result, 70% f peple nly have the cnditin 23 after they have been rushed t hspital.
The new device, develped by a team at Imperial Cllege Lndn and the Natinal Health Service, lks abut the
24 f a playing card. Dctrs put it n a patient’s chest and it recrds the electrical signals in the heart and listens t the sund f bld flwing thrugh the rgan. Then, this 25 is sent t an AI system. The system then 26 it against data frm thusands f ther peple t see if there’s a prblem, and the result is immediately sent t a smartphne.
Scientists lked at what happened t patients whse dctrs examined them with a(n) 27 stethscpe, and thse whse dctrs used the AI ne. The study included mre than 12,700 peple at abut 200 GP (全科医生) surgeries in nrth Lndn ver the curse f a year.
This study fund that the AI stethscpe was able t detect 28 heart activity that a dctr might miss with a regular ne. Patients 29 with the AI stethscpe were twice as likely t have their heart failure sptted. The device was als 3.5 times mre likely t find atrial fibrillatin, namely an irregular heartbeat. It was als better at 30 whether ne r mre f a patient’s heart valves, which are like drs t the different sectins in the heart and cntrl bld flw, were nt wrking prperly.
There are sme prblems t be slved, thugh. The AI stethscpe ften tld patients that they culd be
31 heart failure when they weren’t. The researchers said that the 32 shuld nly be used when GPs suspected that their patient had heart prblems, and nt fr rutine checks n healthy peple.
“This is an elegant example f hw the 33 stethscpe, invented mre than 200 years ag, can be upgraded fr the 21st century,” said Dr Snya Babu-Narayan, frm the British Heart Fundatin charity. “We need 34 like these, prviding early detectin f heart failure.” 35 , she said, the cnditin can be quite advanced by the time the patient ges t hspital feeling unwell.
21. A. situatin
B. disrder
C. framewrk
D. platfrm
22. A. figure
B. rle
C. sign
D. lcatin
23. A. upgraded
B. verlked
C. cnfirmed
D. registered
24. A. value
B. size
C. symbl
D. clue
25. A. infrmatin
B. analysis
C. sample
D. card
26. A. cmpares
B. prtects
C. balances
D. exchanges
27. A. experimental
B. virtual
C. durable
D. traditinal
28. A. strng
B. initial
C. instant
D. unusual
29. A. supprted
B. examined
C. equipped
D. defended
30. A. picking up
B. turning dwn
C. making fr
D. taking ver
31. A. classifying
B. experiencing
C. measuring
D. cntrlling
32. A. research
B. slutin
C. sectin
D. device
33. A. useless
B. advanced
C. humble
D. remte
34. A. innvatins
B. suspicins
C. evaluatins
D. cnclusins
35. A. Hwever
B. Therefre
C. Besides
D. Otherwise
Sectin B
Directins: Read the fllwing three passages. Each passage is fllwed by several questins r unfinished statements. Fr each f them there are fur chices marked A, B, C and D. Chse the ne that fits best accrding t the infrmatin given in the passage yu have just read.
(A)
Peple’s nses get clder when they’re feeling stressed, accrding t a new study. Researchers frm the University f Sussex, in England, lked at the temperature f peple’s faces t see if it changed when they were nervus r under pressure.
Prfessr Gillian Frrester, wh studies brains and behaviur at the University f Sussex, led the study. She recrded 29 peple with a thermal imaging camera (热成像仪) t see what happened when they were stressed. First, the vlunteers listened t white nise (quiet backgrund sund that sunds a bit like a waterfall) fr five minutes t make them calm. Then they had t perfrm tw tasks in frnt f a silent grup f strangers. They had t give an unintended presentatin and they had t d maths in their head and say their answers ut lud.
Frm the results f the study, it was fund that peple’s nse temperature drps by between 3°C and 6°C when they are under pressure. This is because the bld in their faces ges t their ears and eyes, which are imprtant senses fr detecting danger. The researchers were able t see change in bld flw n the thermal imaging camera because places that were warmer had mre bld. Once the stress was ver, the bld in peple’s faces returned t where it usually was within a few minutes.
Frrester said that the length f time it takes smene’s nse t recver its temperature culd be a measure f hw well they manage their stress. This wuld be useful t knw. Frrester asked, “If they bunce back unusually slwly, culd that be a risk marker f anxiety r depressin?”
Humans aren’t the nly nes wh culd benefit frm this knwledge. Stress als changes the bld flw in the faces f animals that are clsely related t humans, such as apes. Researchers hpe that thermal cameras culd help them t lk after rescued animals in ape shelters.
“They can’t say hw they’re feeling and they can be quite gd at masking hw they’re feeling,” said Marianne Paisley, wh studies ape wellbeing at the University f Sussex. The temperature f an ape’s face culd help peple understand hw they are feeling and hw t make them feel better t. Fr example, the team has fund that shwing adult apes a vide f baby apes calmed them dwn. When the adult animals watched the vide n a screen, their nses slwly warmed up.
In Frrester’s study, what did the vlunteers d befre taking part in ptentially stressful tasks?
They slved sme arithmetic prblems mentally.
They learned hw t use a thermal imaging camera.
They reached a calm state by listening t white nise.
They gave an unprepared speech in frnt f strangers.
The underlined wrd “masking” in Paragraph 6 is clsest in meaning t “”.
A. strengtheningB. expressingC. hidingD. cntrlling
What des Frrester think f nse temperature recvery time?
It may reflect stress management ability.B. It may have nthing t d with anxiety level.
C. It may nt be as useful as previusly expected.D. It may help peple t knw better abut animals.
Which f the fllwing best summarises the passage?
Researchers have fund effective ways t reduce stress in humans and apes.
Stress has a great influence n the bld temperature in human and ape faces.
A new study shws nse temperature can be used t detect stress levels.
Thermal cameras have been widely used t care fr rescued apes in shelters.
(B)
What can ccur during the first day f quitting drinking?
Weight lss may begin.B. Discmfrt may appear.
C. A strng desire t drink returns.D. The brain begins t repair itself.
When d rgans affected by alchl use begin t recver after peple stp drinking?
Within the first 24 hurs.B. During the first few days.
C. After a full year.D. After abut three weeks.
Accrding t the passage, what is a pssible lng-term utcme f giving up alchl?
Earlier physical damage exists but becmes less nticeable.
Mental well-being imprves mre than physical well-being.
The prcess f physical recvery becmes slwer but steadier.
Overall health becmes similar t that f peple wh never drink.
A y e a r f n be e r
H e re ’ s wh a t t e x p e c t wh e n y u g d r y
THE FIRST 24 HOURS
Depending n hw much yu typically drink, this might just feel like a day ff the alchl, r it might get yu in a bad md and disturb yur sleep. If yu’re dependent n alchl yu
might shw withdrawal signs like dizziness and headaches—s this can be the tughest perid t get
thrugh.
THE FIRST FEW DAYS
Thugh yu’re likely t be easily annyed, yur sleep quality will imprve. Frm three days t a week, yu might start t experience imprved digestin, as well as increased energy and skin clarity frm imprved
water intake. Remember t drink enugh water during this perid.
THE FIRST WEEKS
This is where changes becme nticeable. Yu might lse weight and see imprved sleep quality, but it’s als where yur bdy really begins the prcess f repair. Studies suggest that in heavy drinkers, the liver and gut (肝脏和肠道) functins start t repair themselves after three
weeks.
THE FIRST MONTH
A full mnth can see a significant reductin in cardivascular (心血管的) risk factrs and
cancer-related grwth factrs, while mderate t heavy drinkers shwed imprved insulin (胰岛素) resistance and bld pressure, alngside psitive changes in
weight. Keep up the gd wrk!
THE FIRST FEW MONTHS
These markers all cntinue t imprve, but yu might als ntice ther imprvements. Several mnths away frm alchl allws the brain t repair itself, even in heavy drinkers.
A YEAR OR MORE
Quit drinking fr the lng term, and yu can see huge benefits— ne small Krean study fund that “frmer drinkers did nt shw significantly wrse health than peple wh, at baseline, were lifetime nn-drinkers.”
It’s nt fr everyne, but it can
be a wrthwhile change.
(C)
Things rarely stay neat n their wn. If yu leave yur desk untuched fr a week, papers begin t pile up, dust gathers, and bjects end up in the wrng places. It is the same with a rm, a cntainer, and even the vast universe. In nature, systems tend t mve frm rder t disrder unless external energy is used t maintain them. This physical phenmenn is described by the secnd law f thermdynamics ( 热力学), which states that entrpy—a measure f disrder—tends t increase ver time.
T understand this idea, imagine a bx divided int tw sectins, filled with gas particles (粒子) mving at different speeds. Nrmally, these particles mix freely, and the system becmes mre disrdered. James Clerk Maxwell, a physicist in the 19th century, imagined a clever thught experiment t reverse particles’ increasing disrder. He described a “demn”, a tiny, intelligent being, that culd bserve each particle and pen r clse a small dr between the tw sectins. By allwing nly fast particles t pass in ne directin and slw nes in the ther, the being — Maxwell’s “demn”—culd gradually separate them, creating rder withut using energy.
If rder culd increase withut any cst, this apparently cntradicts the secnd law f thermdynamics. Fr many years, this puzzled scientists and led t debates abut whether the law was truly universal. They wndered whether there existed ther factrs like infrmatin that culd serve as “that Maxwell’s demn” in physical reality.
The researchers at the University f Maryland, therefre, generated a mdel. Their mdel described a device that culd effectively separate particles and reduce disrder in ne part f a system. Crucially, hwever, the device did nt break the secnd law. Instead f using external energy, it relied n encded infrmatin t track and cntrl particle behavir. In ding s, the encded infrmatin mved disrder frm the physical system int its wn memry strage. As researcher Dibyendu Mandal explains, the apparent gain in rder is balanced by increased disrder elsewhere, preserving the verall balance demanded by thermdynamics.
This insight shws that infrmatin is clsely linked t physical prcesses. It is nt just an abstract cncept but smething that has real effects in the wrld. Althugh machines based n this principle are unlikely t prduce large amunts f energy, they may still have practical uses. Fr example, they culd help scientists cntrl particles mre precisely in experiments r imprve techniques used in medicine. What began as a simple thught experiment has thus deepened ur understanding f hw rder, energy, and infrmatin are cnnected.
The authr describes a messy desk at the beginning f the passage t .
use a familiar example t illustrate a scientific principle
questin whether disrder is in mst cases unavidable
suggest that daily habits might influence scientific thinking
cmpare varius frms f human behavir in sme cntexts
Accrding t the passage, what must Maxwell’s “demn” d in rder t srt particles?
Increase the speed f selected particles.
Apply external energy t separate particles.
Prevent particles frm mving between sectins.
Observe and recrd infrmatin abut the particles.
What can be inferred abut the rle f infrmatin in the system described?
It replaces energy as the main factr in physical change.
It allws the system t perate withut any cst in the prcess.
It has real effects in shifting disrder t anther part f the system.
It matters mst when large amunts f data are prcessed in practice.
Which statement best reflects the authr’s view f the secnd law f thermdynamics?
Maxwell’s thught experiment reveals its limitatins.
It remains crrect despite the earlier puzzling suppsitin.
It applies better t large-scale systems such as the universe.
Intelligent cntrl causes it t break dwn in cmplex systems.
Sectin C
Directins: Cmplete the fllwing passage by using the sentences given belw. Each sentence can be used nly nce. Nte that there are tw mre sentences than yu need.
Hw cme peple turn t AI fr a higher prfit?
In ne grup, fr example, participants culd chse t tell AI t “maximize accuracy” , “maximize prfit” r d smething in between.
“Maximize prfit” is bviusly a better ptin than “maximize accuracy.”
Their research suggests giving peple an ptin t d the task themselves, rather than hand it ver t AI, may help them be mre hnest.
They were then randmly assigned t either reprt the die-rll numbers themselves r instruct an AI agent t d it fr them.
Why des AI make cheating easier verall?
It’s easier t cheat when yu can blame AI
Peple are mre likely t cheat when they assign a task t artificial intelligence instead f ding it themselves, suggests a new study.
T explre whether and under what circumstances AI supprts dishnest behavir, researchers cnducted an experiment. Participants were shwn 10 die rlls ( 掷骰子) n a cmputer screen and tld t reprt the numbers. The higher the numbers rlled, the mre mney they wuld earn. 47
The researchers fund that when participants self-reprted the numbers, they were hnest abut 95% f the time. But when participants instructed AI t reprt the numbers, they were mre likely t cheat by phrasing their prmpts (提示) in a way that wuld help them maximize their prfits.
48 Only 12% f the participants in this grup chse t tell the algrithm (计算程序) t maximize accuracy while 29% tld the algrithm t maximize prfit. The rest set a gal fr AI that was smewhere in between.
Psychlgical research suggests that when peple cheat they ften dn’t d it t the fullest extent pssible. This explains why mre participants prmpted the AI t d smething in between maximizing accuracy and maximizing prfit.
49 Previus research suggests peple may justify dishnest behavir by shifting respnsibility t thers—in this case, an AI, the researchers said.
Fr the researchers, the take-away is that AI makes it easier t avid taking respnsibility fr mral mistakes, a prblem they believe is likely t becme mre cmmn. 50 That, says Nils Köbis, a prfessr at the University f Duisburg-Essen in Germany, is definitely “a silver lining”, that is, there is always smething better we culd d in a bad situatin.
Summary Writing
Directins: Read the fllwing passage. Summarize in n mre than 60 wrds the main idea f the passage and hw it is illustrated. Use yur wn wrds as far as pssible.
Stepping int the stry
When yu walk int a cnventinal theater, yu usually find yur seat and quietly watch the actrs n stage. But in immersive ( 沉浸式的) theater, yu becme part f the actin. Instead f sitting back, the audience mves arund the perfrmance space, ften fllwing characters r explring different rms. This isn’t just watching a play—it’s stepping int a whle new wrld.
The line between actr and audience becmes less distinct. Every element f the envirnment—frm lighting and sund t smells—is used t absrb the audience int the stry. The sense f magic is lst unless each element feels cnnected t the stry.
This dynamic style f theater has deep rts. Ancient Greek plays, fr example, used pen theaters that let the audience feel clser t the actin. During the Renaissance ( 文艺复兴时期), Cmmedia dell’arte perfrmers interacted with the crwd using humr and n-the-spt perfrmance. Over time, these early frms have evlved int tday’s immersive theater perfrmances, many using digital elements.
The famus grup Punchdrunk helped bring immersive theater int the sptlight. Their shws, such as Sleep N Mre, a retelling f Shakespeare’s Macbeth, ften take place in empty buildings transfrmed int carefully designed sets. Audience members wear masks and wander freely, piecing tgether the stry frm different scenes. Each persn’s experience is unique, and that sense f autnmy adds t the magic.
Immersive theater is als used in educatin. UK schls have hsted immersive strytelling prjects, reprting increased student engagement and creativity. In the prject The Lst Lending Library, children enter a magical library and write stries t help save the bks inside. Teachers reprted that even reluctant writers became eager t participate, and children’s cnfidence imprved.
By giving peple agency in the stry, immersive theater helps them see themselves as capable, creative and curius.
In a wrld full f screens, it ffers smething truly extrardinary—the chance t live the stry.
Translatin
Directins:Translate the fllwing sentences int English, using the wrds given in the brackets.
邻家小男孩每天练习拉小提琴，十分勤奋。(practice)
与其不假思索就仓促执行，不如事先仔细做好任务规划。(better)
随着春天的到来，这些饱受困苦的鹿再次向北迁徙，将狼群与森林抛在身后。(head)
这些陆地上的冰偕同海冰，将太阳辐射反射出地表，以此保护我们的星球，防止其出现过热的状况。(tgether with)
Guided Writing
Directins: Write an English cmpsitin in 120-150 wrds accrding t the instructins given belw in Chinese.
假设你是明启中学学生王华，你校英语报正开展“我与他人的距离”主题征文活动，鼓励同学们思考人与人之间的关系。给校英语报投稿，内容须包括：
你对“人与人之间距离”的理解（可以是心理上的、情感上的等）；
举一个你亲身经历或观察到的事例；
你从中获得的认识或启示。
2025 学年第二学期高三英语教学质量调研试卷参考答案及评分标准
笔试部分（115 分）
Grammar and Vcabulary（共 20 分。每小题 1 分。）
Reading Cmprehensin（共 45 分。第 21 至 35 小题，每题 1 分；第 36 至 50 小题，每题 2 分。）
Summary Writing（共 10 分）
Immersive theater turns audiences int participants wh explre spaces and interact with perfrmances. With rts in ancient and Renaissance traditins, it has evlved int mdern experiences using technlgy. Prductins like Sleep N Mre and educatinal prjects shw its pwer t engage, inspire creativity, and ffer a unique, stry-driven experience. (49 wrds)
Translatin（共 15 分）
The little by next dr practices (playing) the vilin every day and is very diligent/hard-wrking.
It’s better t plan yur tasks carefully in advance than t rush int actin withut thinking.
With the arrival f spring, the suffering deer head nrth again, leaving the wlf packs and the frest behind.
The ice n land, tgether with sea ice, bunces/reflects slar radiatin away frm the Earth’s surface, prtecting ur planet and preventing it frm verheating / becming t ht.
Guided writing（共 25 分）
（略）1. what
6. in
2. where
7. planned
3. them
8. is built/has been built
4. seeking
9. t find
5. Althugh/Thugh/While
10. strengthens
11. F
12. K
13. B
14. C
15. D
16. H
17. I
18. A
19. G
20. E
21. B
22. C
23. C
24. B
25. A
26. A
27. D
28. D
29. B
30. A
31. B
32. D
33. C
34. A
35. D
36. C
37. C
38. A
39. C
40. B
41. D
42. D
43. A
44. D
45. C
46. B
47. E
48. B
49. F
50. D