2026马鞍山高三下学期二模英语试卷含解析

这是一份2026马鞍山高三下学期二模英语试卷含解析，共26页。
1．答卷前，务必将自己的姓名和考号填写在答题卡上。
2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，务必擦净后再选涂其它答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段录音。每段录音后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段录音后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段录音播放两遍。
1. Wh is ging t Canada tmrrw?
A. Jhn. B. Steven. C. Alicia.
2. What are the speakers mainly talking abut?
A. A cmputer. B. A hst. C. A shw.
3. Why des the man talk t Mary?
A. T say gdbye. B. T ask fr advice. C. T send an invitatin.
4. What d the speakers agree n?
A. Fcusing n their lessns. B. Majring in histry. C. Frgetting the past.
5. Why will Sally be rewarded?
A. She created a useful app. B. She increased bk sales. C. She helped the team win.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段录音。每段录音后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段录音前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，每小题都有5秒钟的作答时间。每段录音播放两遍。
听第6段录音，回答第6、7题。
6. What des the wman suggest?
A. Analyzing cmpetitrs’ strategies.
B. Develping new skincare prducts.
C. Prmting prducts n scial media.
7. What is the man’s attitude twards the wman’s suggestin?
A. Dubtful. B. Interested. C. Oppsed.
听第7段录音，回答第8至10题。
8. Where are the speakers?
A. At a party. B. At a cnference. C. At an interview.
9. What is Greg famus fr?
A. Playing Y-Y. B. Training snakes. C. Ding magic tricks.
10. What is Brad wearing?
A. A yellw shirt. B. A purple jacket. C. A black cat.
听第8段录音，回答第11至13题。
11. What subject are the speakers discussing?
A. English. B. Spanish. C. French.
12. What can we learn abut the wman?
A. She is satisfied with her study.
B. She shws n interest in class.
C. She is chsy abut teachers.
13. What des Ms. Parks think f the wman’s learning?
A. Her language is hard t fllw.
B. She has a gd prnunciatin.
C. She has an extensive vcabulary.
听第9段录音，回答第14至17题。
14. What are the speakers ding?
A. Making a vide call. B. Setting ff firewrks. C. Ging ut fr supper.
15. What will Emma d t celebrate the New Year?
A. Meet her friends. B. Deal with sme wrk. C. Visit her parents.
16. What des Jhn ask Emma t d?
A. Open the dr. B. Eat ndles. C. Take phts.
17. What is the relatinship between the speakers?
A. Brther and sister. B. Custmer and waitress. C. Teacher and student.
听第10段录音，回答第18至20题。
18. What is the speaker?
A. A strawberry farmer. B. A tech researcher. C. A greenhuse builder.
19. What is special abut smart greenhuses?
A. They use n glass. B. They are tested by phnes. C. They have sensrs.
20. Hw did smart greenhuses help the farmer?
A. Bsting the yield. B. Replacing human labr. C. Saving water.
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Textbks dn’t always get the appreciatin they deserve. Often lked ver quickly fr assignments r used nly when exams apprach, many are quickly frgtten nce a curse ends. Hwever, sme textbks stand ut fr their clearness, usefulness, and ability t make difficult ideas easier t understand. The fllwing selectins highlight textbks that Stanfrd students fund especially memrable — nt because they were required, but because they genuinely helped learning click int place.
Grad Schl Essentials by Zachary Shre — Emmett Chung
Shre’s technique f reading the cnclusin and intrductin befre strategically glancing thrugh chapters makes what wuld therwise be time-cnsuming research much easier.
Intr t Prbability by Ellen Vitercik — Allie Skalnik
It’s everything a textbk shuld be: easy t understand, precise, and full f figures that actually help the cncepts click int place like building blcks instead f merely crwding the page.
The Laws f Thermdynamics by Peter Atkins — Chris Prcaccin
Despite its name, Thermdynamics seems t be mre f an exercise in prfs than an exercise in thermdynamics. What’s great abut the textbk is that it spends pages defining cncepts like temperature and heat that mst ther textbks ignre. What’s nt-s-great abut it is that it makes a cncept seem mre cmplicated than it needs t be fr mst general chemistry curses.
Sensatin & Perceptin by Jeremy Wlfe — Chle Shannn Wng
Curius abut what a nerve cell in the eye is? Or why the back f the eye is rganized backwards? Check ut Sensatin & Perceptin. In my pinin, this textbk was definitely challenging in sme parts, but its clear list f terms and explanatry diagrams save the day.
1. Why d the fur textbks stand ut?
A. They make learning easier.B. They are designed fr examinatins.
C. They include assignments.D. They are used thrughut the curse.
2. What des Prcaccin say abut The Laws f Thermdynamics?
A. It suits bth beginners and specialists.B. It prvides theretical prfs.
C. It has bth strengths and weaknesses.D. It ffers alternative definitins.
3. Whse bk primarily deals with the tpic related t bilgy?
A. Zachary Shre.B. Ellen Vitercik.C. Peter Atkins.D. Jeremy Wlfe.
【答案】1. A 2. C 3. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍斯坦福学生认为特别难忘的几本教科书，这些书并非因课程要求，而是因清晰、实用及让学习更轻松的特质而突出。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Hwever, sme textbks stand ut fr their clearness, usefulness, and ability t make difficult ideas easier t understand. The fllwing selectins highlight textbks that Stanfrd students fund especially memrable — nt because they were required, but because they genuinely helped learning click int place.(然而，一些教科书因其清晰性、实用性以及将复杂概念简化理解的能力而脱颖而出。以下精选突出了斯坦福学生认为特别难忘的教科书——并非因为它们是课程要求，而是因为它们真正帮助学习变得顺畅。)”可知，这四本教科书脱颖而出是因为它们使学习更容易。故选A项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中的“What’s great abut the textbk is that it spends pages defining cncepts like temperature and heat that mst ther textbks ignre. What’s nt - s - great abut it is that it makes a cncept seem mre cmplicated than it needs t be fr mst general chemistry curses. (这本书的优点在于它用大量篇幅定义了诸如温度和热量等大多数其他教科书忽略的概念。其不足之处在于，对于大多数普通化学课程来说，它把一个概念弄得比实际需要的更复杂。)可知，普罗卡奇诺认为《热力学定律》这本书既有优点，也有缺点。故选C项。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段“Curius abut what a nerve cell in the eye is? Or why the back f the eye is rganized backwards? Check ut Sensatin & Perceptin. (对眼睛里的神经细胞是什么感到好奇？或者为什么眼睛后部的结构是反向的？看看《感觉与知觉》这本书。)”可知，杰里米·沃尔夫（Jeremy Wlfe）的书主要涉及与生物学相关的话题。故选D项。
B
I nly became a regular bike rider several years ag, and it has becme ne f the jys f my life.
When it came t maintenance, thugh, I was quite hesitant. Strange nises were things I figured wuld either g away n their wn r get wrse until I’d hand ff t an expert. I’m nt prud t admit I’ve walked my bike half an hur t a bike shp t fix a puncture (爆胎) mre than nce; my chain was always caked in dirt because I thught even lking at it the wrng way might break smething.
When a crash left my bike a write-ff, I bught a late-70s bike fr $ 50, and I instantly lved hw it rde. Maybe it was hw little mney I’d spent, r lw-tech parts, but I suddenly felt the urge t tinker. Guided by little mre than YuTube vides and phne calls t my dad, I fitted new handlebars, a new chain and a frnt basket, all with secnd-hand parts. The ability t figure ut hw each part infrms the whle generated a sense f self-satisfactin.
Last summer I gt even mre ambitius; wanting a prject t get stuck int withut taking apart my bike then in use, I bught an ld steel frame, built it up and finally gt a wrking machine. I learned a lt — nt least that when it cmes t ld bikes, parts are a lt less interchangeable than they might lk.
There have been plenty f ccasins where I prbably shuld have relied n my ld philsphy f leaving well enugh alne. An ld bike can be easy enugh t make rideable, but making that ride pleasurable can be difficult — parts wear ut, and replacing ne thing can smetimes break anther. But even that’s part f the jy f it — I knw there’ll be anther pprtunity t dive back int the parts bin just arund the crner.
4. What was the authr unwilling t d accrding t paragraph 2?
A. Walk his bike.B. Hear bike nises.
C. Lend his bike.D. Fix his bike himself.
5. What des the underlined wrd “tinker” in paragraph 3 mean?
A. Practice riding tricks.B. Pst n scial media.
C. Make small changes.D. Catch up with thers.
6. Why did the authr buy the ld steel frame?
A. T learn mechanic physics.B. T make a bike ut f it.
C. T start his schl prject.D. T use the ld parts f his bike.
7. What has the authr learned frm his experience?
A. Challenges can be rewarding.B. Enjyment calls fr free time.
C. Planning ahead prevents prblems.D. Hands-n skills are hard acquired.
【答案】4. D 5. C 6. B 7. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述作者几年前成为自行车骑行常客，起初对自行车维护踌躇不前，后因购买一辆旧自行车，在借助YuTube视频和父亲指导下尝试动手改装，之后又购买旧钢架制作自行车，在这一系列过程中收获满足感与乐趣。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中的“When it came t maintenance, thugh, I was quite hesitant. Strange nises were things I figured wuld either g away n their wn r get wrse until I’d hand ff t an expert. I’m nt prud t admit I’ve walked my bike half an hur t a bike shp t fix a puncture (爆胎) mre than nce; my chain was always caked in dirt because I thught even lking at it the wrng way might break smething.(然而，说到维修，我相当犹豫。对于奇怪的噪音，我觉得要么它们自己会消失，要么会变得更糟，直到我把车交给专家处理。我很不好意思承认，我不止一次推着自行车走半个小时到自行车店去补胎；我的链条总是沾满污垢，因为我觉得哪怕看它的方式不对都可能弄坏什么东西)”可知，作者不愿意自己修理自行车。故选D项。
【5题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“Guided by little mre than YuTube vides and phne calls t my dad, I fitted new handlebars, a new chain and a frnt basket, all with secnd-hand parts.”(仅仅在YuTube视频和给父亲打电话的指导下，我就安装了新的车把、新链条和一个前篮，这些都是用二手零件安装的)”可知，作者对自行车进行了一些小的改动，由此可推断“tinker”意思是“做小改动”。故选C项。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中的“wanting a prject t get stuck int withut taking apart my bike then in use, I bught an ld steel frame, built it up and finally gt a wrking machine.(因为想要投入做一个项目，又不想拆解当时正在使用的自行车，我买了一个旧钢架，把它组装起来，最终得到了一辆能使用的自行车)”可知，作者买旧钢架是为了用它制作一辆自行车。故选B项。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“There have been plenty f ccasins where I prbably shuld have relied n my ld philsphy f leaving well enugh alne. An ld bike can be easy enugh t make rideable, but making that ride pleasurable can be difficult — parts wear ut, and replacing ne thing can smetimes break anther. But even that’s part f the jy f it — I knw there’ll be anther pprtunity t dive back int the parts bin just arund the crner.(有很多时候，我可能本应该秉持我原来那种不轻易动手的观念。让一辆旧自行车能骑起来很容易，但要让骑行变得愉快却很难——零件会磨损，更换一个部件有时会弄坏另一个部件。但即便如此，这也是其中乐趣的一部分——我知道很快就会有另一个机会再一头扎进零件堆里)”可知，作者在修理自行车过程中遇到困难，但认为这是乐趣的一部分，即挑战能带来回报。故选A项。
C
Cities have adpted different appraches when it cmes t street lighting, but all appraches have priritized bright unifrm street lighting fr safety. Hwever, evidence shws that this artificial lighting can change the behavir f ncturnal (夜行的) wildlife. T address this prblem, Gladsaxe, a suburb f Cpenhagen, intrduced a new lighting apprach by installing red-spectrum (红色光谱) LED street lighting alng a 700-meter stretch f Frederiksbrgvej and the Farum cycle superhighway.
Gladsaxe’s red lighting helps limit the eclgical impact that ften cmes with white light while still preserving visibility fr rad users. As far as a trade-ff arund light pllutin ges, the Gladsaxe prject prvides a ptential mdel fr ther cities.
During the initial installatin in 2022, the lighting design used 30 ne-meter-high bllards (桩) spaced30 meters apart t prject red light that leaves spaces f cmplete darkness between them, which the designers said allw light-shy bats t crss withut expsure while still prviding lighting cntinuity fr the bicycle path. At lcatins where cyclists and pedestrians crss the rad, the prject added 12 ples at 3.5 meters t create a distinct visual envirnment and imprve safety at thse pints.
Partnering design cmpany Light Bureau reprted the installatin met required lighting and unifrmity levels in selected sectins t supprt Danish rad and cycle-path standards, and the prject received a Build Back Better GREEN Award in 2022 fr minimizing negative impacts n bidiversity while prviding safe passage fr rad users. Light Bureau stated it intended t cntinue wrking with bilgists t evaluate whether the red-spectrum apprach achieved its intended eclgical utcmes, indicating pst-installatin mnitring and assessment wuld infrm future installatins r adjustments.
The prject is nw being viewed as a ptential mdel fr ther cities wrldwide dealing with light pllutin and its effects n wildlife, while demnstrating hw urban design can be adapted t meet bth human safety needs and envirnmental gals.
8. What is the purpse f the Gladsaxe prject?
A. T reduce energy cnsumptin.B. T make the streets mre pleasing.
C. T imprve visibility fr residents.D. T minimize disturbance t wildlife.
9. What can be learnt abut the bllards and the ples?
A. They are intended t ensure the safety f installers.
B. They balance the needs f animals and path users.
C. They serve as special decratins alng the rute.
D. They are f similar heights and evenly spaced.
10. What can we say abut the prject based n Light Bureau’s reprt?
A. It’s received recgnitin.B. It’s pstpned intended utcmes.
C. It’s secured partnerships.D. It’s stpped light pllutin wrldwide.
11. What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. White Light, Bright Night.B. Light Pllutin in the City.
C. Red Light, Safe Night.D. Lighting fr the Wildlife.
【答案】8. D 9. B 10. A 11. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了哥本哈根郊区Gladsaxe通过安装红色光谱LED路灯来减少对野生动物的干扰，同时确保道路使用者的安全，为其他城市提供了潜在的模式。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Hwever, evidence shws that this artificial lighting can change the behavir f ncturnal (夜行的) wildlife. T address this prblem, Gladsaxe, a suburb f Cpenhagen, intrduced a new lighting apprach by installing red-spectrum (红色光谱) LED street lighting alng a 700-meter stretch f Frederiksbrgvej and the Farum cycle superhighway. (然而，有证据表明，这种人工照明会改变夜行野生动物的行为。为了解决这个问题，哥本哈根郊区Gladsaxe引入了一种新的照明方式，在700米长的Frederiksbrgvej和Farum自行车高速公路上安装了红色光谱LED路灯。)”以及第二段中“Gladsaxe’s red lighting helps limit the eclgical impact that ften cmes with white light while still preserving visibility fr rad users. (Gladsaxe的红色照明有助于限制白光通常带来的生态影响，同时仍为道路使用者保持可见度。)”可知，Gladsaxe项目的目的是尽量减少对野生动物的干扰。故选D。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“During the initial installatin in 2022, the lighting design used 30 ne-meter-high bllards (桩) spaced30 meters apart t prject red light that leaves spaces f cmplete darkness between them, which the designers said allw light-shy bats t crss withut expsure while still prviding lighting cntinuity fr the bicycle path. At lcatins where cyclists and pedestrians crss the rad, the prject added 12 ples at 3.5 meters t create a distinct visual envirnment and imprve safety at thse pints. (在2022年的初步安装过程中，照明设计使用了30个一米高的路桩，间隔30米，投射出红光，使它们之间留有完全黑暗的空间，设计师说，这可以让怕光的蝙蝠在不暴露的情况下穿过，同时仍为自行车道提供连续的照明。在骑自行车的人和行人过马路的地方，该项目增加了12根3.5米高的杆子，以创造一个独特的视觉环境，并提高这些地方的安全性。)”可知，路桩和杆子平衡了动物和道路使用者的需求。故选B。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Partnering design cmpany Light Bureau reprted the installatin met required lighting and unifrmity levels in selected sectins t supprt Danish rad and cycle-path standards, and the prject received a Build Back Better GREEN Award in 2022 fr minimizing negative impacts n bidiversity while prviding safe passage fr rad users. (合作设计公司Light Bureau报告称，安装的选定部分达到了所需的照明和均匀度水平，符合丹麦道路和自行车道标准，该项目在2022年获得了“重建更好绿色奖”，因为它在为道路使用者提供安全通道的同时，最大限度地减少了对生物多样性的负面影响。)”可知，根据Light Bureau的报告，该项目获得了认可。故选A。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段中“Hwever, evidence shws that this artificial lighting can change the behavir f ncturnal (夜行的) wildlife. T address this prblem, Gladsaxe, a suburb f Cpenhagen, intrduced a new lighting apprach by installing red-spectrum (红色光谱) LED street lighting alng a 700-meter stretch f Frederiksbrgvej and the Farum cycle superhighway. (然而，有证据表明，这种人工照明会改变夜行野生动物的行为。为了解决这个问题，哥本哈根郊区Gladsaxe引入了一种新的照明方式，在700米长的Frederiksbrgvej和Farum自行车高速公路上安装了红色光谱LED路灯。)”以及最后一段“The prject is nw being viewed as a ptential mdel fr ther cities wrldwide dealing with light pllutin and its effects n wildlife, while demnstrating hw urban design can be adapted t meet bth human safety needs and envirnmental gals. (该项目现在被视为世界各地其他城市处理光污染及其对野生动物影响的潜在模式，同时展示了城市设计如何适应人类安全需求和环境目标。)”可知，文章主要讲述了哥本哈根郊区Gladsaxe通过安装红色光谱LED路灯来减少对野生动物的干扰，同时确保道路使用者的安全，为其他城市提供了潜在的模式。可知，C选项“红灯，安全夜”最符合文章标题。故选C。
D
American kids ate very dd things in the 19th century. In histrical dcuments f all kinds, frm medical studies t diaries t schl recrds, Americans described children as curius eaters wh appreciated strng flavrs and interesting textures (口感). A grup f children in 1830s Bstn spent their pcket mney n raw ysters (牡蛎).
The mre I researched, the clearer it became that American children’s experiences with fd in the past were full f pleasure. But tday, appreciatin f sharp and varied flavrs can be hard t find amng American kids.
Many adults assume that pickiness is a hard-wired stage and that kids naturally dislike many fds. But mass childhd pickiness is a mdern phenmenn created largely by junk fd cmpanies that prmted prducts like sugary cereals (谷物) as fd specifically fr children, cnvincing Americans that kids need different, easily likable fds. This created a culture f pickiness that is harming children’s health and taking away pleasures and flavrs they enjyed in the past — all while adding unnecessary anxiety t dinner tables acrss the cuntry.
Fd cmpanies like General Fds and Nestlé pured mney int designing prducts in labratries t target humans’ natural preferences and make their fds very hard t refuse. By the mid-20th century, thusands f their sweet, salty and crunchy (脆的) fds crwded grcery shelves, and many f them were marketed t children. One 1960 Kraft advertisement featured an therwise “picky” girl wh “never turns up that buttn nse at mild, glden Velveeta cheese!”
Nwadays, many parents wrry abut their kids’ prcessed diets, increasing weight prblems, and the stress f picky eating. But it desn’t have t be this way. Parents can warmly encurage children t eat family fds and avid ffering alternatives. They can als fight against crprate marketing with their wn enthusiastic messages abut the fds they lve t eat.
12. Hw did the American children in the 19th century differ frm thse at present?
A. They were given less pcket mney.B. They enjyed mre diverse flavrs.
C. They shwed mre interest in histry.D. They had fewer cnflicts with parents.
13. What des the authr think f childhd pickiness?
A. An unnecessary risk.B. A cultural phenmenn.
C. An unavidable stage.D. A prduct f educatin.
14. What can be inferred frm paragraph 4?
A. Fd cmpanies achieved big success.B. Peple tended t buy slightly prcessed fds.
C. Fd advertisements gt less creative.D. Peple preferred sweet fds t salty nes.
15. In what way des the authr try t relieve parents’ anxiety?
A. By praising their effrts.B. By giving pssible explanatins.
C. By defending their chices.D. By ffering practical suggestins.
【答案】12. B 13. B 14. A 15. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要阐述19世纪美国儿童乐于品尝奇特食物、享受多样风味，而如今儿童挑食现象普遍，分析该现象是垃圾食品公司营销造成，同时为家长缓解相关焦虑给出建议。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中的“American kids ate very dd things in the 19th century. In histrical dcuments f all kinds, frm medical studies t diaries t schl recrds, Americans described children as curius eaters wh appreciated strng flavrs and interesting textures (口感).(19世纪美国孩子会吃非常奇特的东西。在各类历史文献中，从医学研究到日记再到学校记录，美国人将孩子们描述为好奇的食客，他们喜欢浓烈的味道和有趣的口感)”以及第二段中的“But tday, appreciatin f sharp and varied flavrs can be hard t find amng American kids.(但如今，在美国孩子中很难找到对浓烈多样口味的喜爱)可知，19世纪的美国儿童与现在的儿童不同之处在于，他们享受更多样的风味。故选B项。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中的“But mass childhd pickiness is a mdern phenmenn created largely by junk fd cmpanies that prmted prducts like sugary cereals (谷物) as fd specifically fr children, cnvincing Americans that kids need different, easily likable fds. This created a culture f pickiness that is harming children’s health and taking away pleasures and flavrs they enjyed in the past — all while adding unnecessary anxiety t dinner tables acrss the cuntry.(但是，儿童普遍挑食是一种现代现象。这在很大程度上是由垃圾食品公司造成的：他们将含糖麦片之类的产品宣传成专门给儿童食用的食品，让美国人深信孩子需要独特、易于接受的食物。 这种现象催生了挑食文化，它正在损害孩子们的健康，剥夺了他们曾经享受过的美食滋味，同时还给全国家庭的餐桌增添了无端的焦虑)”可知，作者认为儿童挑食是一种文化现象。故选B项。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“Fd cmpanies like General Fds and Nestlé pured mney int designing prducts in labratries t target humans’ natural preferences and make their fds very hard t refuse. By the mid - 20th century, thusands f their sweet, salty and crunchy (脆的) fds crwded grcery shelves, and many f them were marketed t children.(像通用食品公司和雀巢这样的食品公司投入资金在实验室设计产品，以迎合人类的自然偏好，让他们的食品让人难以抗拒。到20世纪中期，他们生产的数千种甜的、咸的和脆的食品摆满了杂货店的货架，其中许多产品是面向儿童销售的)”可以推断出，食品公司取得了巨大成功。故选A项。
【15题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“Parents can warmly encurage children t eat family fds and avid ffering alternatives. They can als fight against crprate marketing with their wn enthusiastic messages abut the fds they lve t eat.(家长可以热情地鼓励孩子吃家常食物，避免提供替代品。他们还可以用自己对喜爱食物的热情宣传来对抗公司的营销)”可知，作者通过提供切实可行的建议来缓解家长的焦虑。故选D项。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Ordinary and universal, the act f writing changes the brain. In my wrk as a prfessr f writing studies, I research hw peple use writing t practice resilience (迅速恢复的能力). I have witnessed thusands f students turn t the written wrd t wrk thrugh emtins and find a sense f belnging. ____16____ Nw I share my research-backed tips in the hpe that they can help yu develp a writing practice.
Write by hand whenever pssible. In cntrast t typing r tapping n a device, handwriting requires greater mental effrt. ____17____ It als allws yu t prcess infrmatin, frm cnnectins and make meaning.
Write daily. ____18____ Even writing brief ntes abut yur day — what happened, what yu’re feeling, what yu’re planning r intending — can help yu get thughts ut f yur head and clear yur mind.
____19____ When strng feelings cme up, write them dwn first. Keep a ntebk within reach and make it a habit t write befre yu say. Ding s can supprt reflective thinking, helping yu act with purpse.
Write a letter yu never send. Dn’t just write dwn yur feelings. ____20____ Even writing a letter t yurself can prvide a safe space fr release withut the pressure f smene else’s reactin.
I want t remind yu that writing takes time. Each draft yu make and each piece f advice yu receive helps yu lk at things frm a different perspective. When yu revise yur wrk, yu build self-awareness and cnfidence.
A. Write befre acting.
B. It slws yur thinking.
C. Write after discussing.
D. Yu can start small and make it regular.
E. Hwever, illustrate yur feelings if yu can.
F. Their writing habits suggest writing builds their capacity t adapt.
G. Instead, address them t the persn r situatin that’s trubling yu.
【答案】16. F 17. B 18. D 19. A 20. G
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了写作如何改变大脑，并给出了如何通过写作培养韧性的建议。
【16题详解】
由上文“I have witnessed thusands f students turn t the written wrd t wrk thrugh emtins and find a sense f belnging.(我目睹了成千上万的学生求助于文字来梳理情绪，寻找归属感。)”及下文“Nw I share my research-backed tips in the hpe that they can help yu develp a writing practice.(现在我分享我基于研究的建议，希望它们能帮助你培养写作习惯。)”可知，上文提到作者目睹学生通过写作寻找归属感，下文引出作者分享写作建议，本空应说明写作对学生的积极影响。F选项“Their writing habits suggest writing builds their capacity t adapt.(他们的写作习惯表明，写作培养了他们的适应能力。)”能承上启下，符合语境。故选F。
【17题详解】
由上文“In cntrast t typing r tapping n a device, handwriting requires greater mental effrt.(与在设备上打字或轻敲相比，手写需要更多的脑力劳动。)”可知，上文提到手写需要更多的脑力劳动，本空应说明手写对思维的影响。B选项“It slws yur thinking.(它会减缓你的思维速度。)”能承接上文，符合语境，其中it指代上文的“handwriting”。故选B。
【18题详解】
由上文“Write daily.(每天写作。)”及下文“Even writing brief ntes abut yur day — what happened, what yu’re feeling, what yu’re planning r intending — can help yu get thughts ut f yur head and clear yur mind.(即使是写下关于你一天的简短笔记——发生了什么，你的感受，你的计划或意图——也可以帮助你把想法从脑海中赶走，理清思路。)”可知，上文建议每天写作，下文说明即使是简短的笔记也有帮助，本空应建议从小处着手、保持规律。D选项“Yu can start small and make it regular.(你可以从小事做起，并使之成为常规。)”能承上启下，符合语境。故选D。
【19题详解】
由下文“When strng feelings cme up, write them dwn first. Keep a ntebk within reach and make it a habit t write befre yu say. Ding s can supprt reflective thinking, helping yu act with purpse.(当强烈的情绪出现时，先把它们写下来。把笔记本放在触手可及的地方，养成在说之前先写的习惯。这样做可以支持反思性思考，帮助你有目的地行动。)”可知，本段主要建议在行动前先写作，以理清思路。A选项“Write befre acting.(在行动前写作。)”符合语境，概括了本段主旨。故选A。
【20题详解】
由上文“Write a letter yu never send. Dn’t just write dwn yur feelings.(写一封不必寄出的信。不要只是写下你的感受。)”及下文“Even writing a letter t yurself can prvide a safe space fr release withut the pressure f smene else’s reactin.(即使是给自己写信也能提供一个安全的释放空间，而不必承受别人反应的压力。)”可知，上文建议不要只是写下感受，下文说明给自己写信也有好处，本空应说明这封不必寄出的信应该写给谁。G选项“Instead, address them t the persn r situatin that’s trubling yu.(相反，把它们写给困扰你的人或情况。)”能承上启下，符合语境。故选G。
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
On a much-needed walk utside Bstn’s Symphny Hall, I felt the distance frm my hme in Califrnia mre than ever.
Surrunded by ____21____ and unfamiliar rutines, I felt unsettled. That’s when I saw her standing alne at the crsswalk, ____22____ the street.
As I crssed the street, ur eyes ____23____. She lked at me s directly that I smiled back. “Hi, I dn’t speak Chinese, but hw can I help?” I asked the lder Chinese wman.
She shwed me a picture n her phne: Trader Je’s grcery stre. I ____24____ my best impressin f a mime (哑剧) trying t shw the way. ____25____, she shwed me the picture again. I realized my ____26____ were getting us nwhere. “OK, I’ll take yu there myself,” I said t her, ____27____ fr her t cme alng. Walking dwn Massachusetts Avenue, she said “xiè xie” every few mments.
When we arrived, she shwed me a picture f bread, with an ____28____ lk. I gt what she meant and led her int the ____29____. She smiled at me as thugh I was her ____30____ and this was ur weekly ____31____ run. My new aunt handed me a bag with a single laf (条) f bread inside. I tried t refuse, but she insisted until I ____32____ it.
As I carried that laf hme, I realized smething had ____33____. In helping her find her ____34____, I fund sme grunding f my wn, feeling settled. And, as it turned ut, even withut a ____35____ language, we understd each ther just fine.
21. A. friendsB. relativesC. strangersD. applicants
22. A. paintingB. scanningC. buildingD. blcking
23. A. lckedB. mistedC. clsedD. burned
24. A. imprvedB. createdC. perfrmedD. crrected
25. A. TuchedB. RelievedC. FrightenedD. Cnfused
26. A. inventinsB. cllectinsC. selectinsD. directins
27. A. gesturingB. writingC. advertisingD. praying
28. A. alertB. impatientC. expectantD. annyed
29. A. fairB. streC. parkD. exhibitin
30. A. nephewB. partnerC. clientD. cusin
31. A. businessB. charityC. canteenD. grcery
32. A. sldB. acceptedC. tastedD. sampled
33. A. slwedB. fadedC. survivedD. shifted
34. A. wayB. prblemC. apprachD. apartment
35. A. writtenB. legalC. sharedD. dminant
【答案】21. C 22. B 23. A 24. C 25. D 26. D 27. A 28. C 29. B 30. A 31. D 32. B 33. D 34. A 35. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在波士顿帮助一位中国老妇人找到超市和面包的故事，并从中获得了内心的安定。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：周围都是陌生人和不熟悉的日常事务，我感到心神不宁。A. friends朋友；B. relatives亲戚；C. strangers陌生人；D. applicants申请人。根据上文“On a much-needed walk utside Bstn’s Symphny Hall, I felt the distance frm my hme in Califrnia mre than ever.”和下文“and unfamiliar rutines, I felt unsettled”可知，作者身在波士顿，远离加州家乡，周围都是陌生人。故选C。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：就在这时，我看到她独自站在人行横道旁，扫视着街道。A. painting绘画；B. scanning扫视；C. building建造；D. blcking阻挡。根据下文“As I crssed the street, ur eyes ______. She lked at me s directly that I smiled back.”、“OK, I’ll take yu there myself”可知，下文描述作者带老人去老人想找的地方，说明老人身处路口、不识路途，应是张望、扫视街道寻找方向。故选B。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我穿过街道时，我们的目光相遇了。A. lcked（目光）相遇；B. misted（眼睛）变模糊；C. clsed关闭；D. burned燃烧。根据下文“She lked at me s directly that I smiled back.”可知，她直直地看着作者，说明作者和老妇人的目光相遇了。故选A。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我表演了哑剧，试图指路。A. imprved提高；B. created创造；C. perfrmed表演；D. crrected纠正。根据下文“my best impressin f a mime (哑剧)”可知，作者用肢体动作表演、比划路线。故选C。
【25题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她感到困惑，又给我看了那张照片。A. Tuched感动的；B. Relieved宽慰的；C. Frightened害怕的；D. Cnfused困惑的。根据上文“Hi, I dn’t speak Chinese”、“I ______ my best impressin f a mime (哑剧) trying t shw the way.”和下文“she shwed me the picture again”可知，作者用“哑剧”指路，老妇人没有看懂，因此感到困惑，又给作者看了那张照片。故选D。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我意识到我的方向让我们毫无进展。A. inventins发明；B. cllectins收集；C. selectins选择；D. directins方向。根据上文“I ______ my best impressin f a mime (哑剧) trying t shw the way. ______, she shwed me the picture again.”可知，作者用哑剧指路，老妇人没有看懂，因此作者意识到自己的方向指示没有起到作用。故选D。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：“好吧，我亲自带你去，”我对她示意，让她跟我来。A. gesturing示意；B. writing写；C. advertising做广告；D. praying祈祷。根据上文“I dn’t speak Chinese”和下文“fr her t cme alng”可知，二人语言不通，只能用手势示意对方同行。故选A。
【28题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我们到达时，她给我看了一张面包的照片，带着期待的神情。A. alert警觉的；B. impatient不耐烦的；C. expectant期待的；D. annyed恼怒的。根据上文“When we arrived, she shwed me a picture f bread, with an”和下文“I gt what she meant and led her int the”可知，老妇人想要买面包，因此带着期待的神情给作者看面包的照片。故选C。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我明白了她的意思，带她进了商店。A. fair集市；B. stre商店；C. park公园；D. exhibitin展览。根据上文“She shwed me a picture n her phne: Trader Je’s grcery stre.”和“She shwed me a picture f bread”可知，老妇人想要去超市买面包，因此作者带她进了商店。故选B。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她对我微笑，好像我是她的侄子（外甥），这是我们每周一次的杂货采购。A. nephew侄子，外甥；B. partner伙伴；C. client客户；D. cusin表亲。根据上文“She smiled at me”和下文“this was ur weekly ______ run”可知，老妇人对作者很亲切，好像作者是她的侄子（外甥），且她们每周都会一起采购杂货。侄子（外甥）与后文的“aunt”相呼应。故选A。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她对我微笑，好像我是她的侄子（外甥），这是我们每周一次的杂货采购。A. business生意；B. charity慈善；C. canteen食堂；D. grcery杂货。根据上文“led her int the ______”和“She shwed me a picture n her phne: Trader Je’s grcery stre”可知，二人来到杂货店买面包，属于杂货采购。故选D。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我试图拒绝，但她坚持要我接受，直到我接受了。A. sld卖；B. accepted接受；C. tasted烤；D. sampled品尝。根据上文“My new aunt handed me a bag with a single laf (条) f bread inside. I tried t refuse, but she insisted”可知，老人执意赠送，最终作者收下礼物。故选B。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我拿着那条面包回家时，我意识到有些事情已经改变了。A. slwed减慢；B. faded褪色；C. survived幸存；D. shifted改变。根据上文“Surrunded by ______ and unfamiliar rutines, I felt unsettled.”和下文“In helping her find her ______, I fund sme grunding f my wn, feeling settled.”可知，原本作者身处异乡心神不宁，帮助他人后内心安定，心境发生转变。故选D。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在帮助她找到路的过程中，我也找到了自己的立足点，感到安定下来。A. way路；B. prblem问题；C. apprach方法；D. apartment公寓。根据上文“OK, I’ll take yu there myself”和“In helping her find her”可知，作者帮助老妇人找到了去超市的路。故选A。
【35题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：而且，事实证明，即使没有共同的语言，我们也能很好地理解对方。A. written书面的；B. legal合法的；C. shared共同的；D. dminant占优势的。根据上文“I dn’t speak Chinese”和“I ______ my best impressin f a mime (哑剧) trying t shw the way”可知，作者和老妇人没有共同的语言。故选C。
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China has made significant prgress tward ____36____ (realize) its visin f “space farming”, with a grundbreaking experiment cnducted by Chngqing University prviding crucial supprt fr this effrt.
Recently, a team led by Prfessr Xie Gengxin, ____37____ was the directr f the Space Science and Technlgy Research Institute at Chngqing University, successfully hatched a butterfly pupa (蛹) ____38____ an unmanned, micrgravity space envirnment.
During a news cnference n Mnday, the university annunced the success f the “ShennngKaiwu 2” Space Ecsystem Experiment, which ____39____ (carry) by AZSPACE’s Dier-5 Space Experimenter and launched abard the Kuaizhu-11 Y8 carrier rcket frm the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in Nrthwest China n Dec 13, 2025. After ____40____ launch, the paylad entered lw Earth rbit, marking the beginning f the in-rbit bi-test missin. “The space butterfly has successfully cmpleted ____41____ (it) critical life stage transfrmatin, frm pupa t adult,” Xie said.
Phts ____42____ (take) in space shw the butterfly mving inside the capsule, demnstrating ntable ____43____ (adapt) t the micrgravity envirnment. The butterfly lived fr several days, either flying freely ____44____ ccasinally resting n plant leaves within a cntainer.
Xie envisins a future where space farming culd use space resurces fr agricultural prductin, with butterflies ____45____ (ptential) playing a rle in pllinatin (传粉). This visin extends t the pssibility f establishing farms n the Mn and Mars, pening the way fr lng-term human presence in space.
【答案】36. realizing
37. wh 38. in
39. was carried
40. the 41. its
42. taken 43. adaptatin
44. r 45. ptentially
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍中国在太空农业领域的重要进展，重庆大学成功实现太空蝶蛹孵化及其重要意义。
【36题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：中国在实现“太空农业”愿景方面取得重大进展，重庆大学开展的开创性实验为此提供关键支撑。此处位于介词tward后，后接动名词形式，所以用realizing。故填realizing。
【37题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：近日，由重庆大学空间科学与技术研究院院长谢更新教授带领的团队，在无人微重力太空环境中成功孵化蝶蛹。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词Prfessr Xie Gengxin指人，在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词wh。故填wh。
【38题详解】
考查介词。句意：近日，由重庆大学空间科学与技术研究院院长谢更新教授带领的团队，在无人微重力太空环境中成功孵化蝶蛹。此处表示“在……环境中”，所以用介词in。故填in。
【39题详解】
考查动词时态和语态。句意：周一新闻发布会上，该校宣布“神农开物2号”太空生态实验取得成功，该实验搭载于遨智空间的第尔5号太空实验器，于2025年12月13日在酒泉卫星发射中心由快舟十一号遥八运载火箭发射升空。此处为谓语动词，结合“n Dec 13, 2025”可知，此处描述过去的动作，且与主语之间为被动关系，所以应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语which指代实验，为单数，所以用was carried。故填was carried。
【40题详解】
考查冠词。句意：发射后，载荷进入近地轨道，标志着在轨生物试验任务正式启动。此处特指前文提到的火箭发射，用定冠词the。故填the。
【41题详解】
考查代词。句意：谢更新表示，太空蝴蝶已成功完成从蛹到成虫的关键生命阶段蜕变。此处修饰名词短语critical life stage transfrmatin，用形容词性物主代词its。故填its。
【42题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：太空拍摄的照片显示蝴蝶在舱内活动，展现出对微重力环境的显著适应能力。此处为非谓语动词作定语，Phts与take为被动关系，所以用过去分词taken。故填taken。
【43题详解】
考查名词。句意：太空拍摄的照片显示蝴蝶在舱内活动，展现出对微重力环境的显著适应能力。此处作demnstrating的宾语，用adapt的名词形式adaptatin意为“适应”。故填adaptatin。
【44题详解】
考查连词。句意：这只蝴蝶存活数日，时而自由飞舞，时而停歇在容器内的植物叶片上。此处为固定搭配，意为“要么……要么……”，所以用连词r。故填r。
【45题详解】
考查副词。句意：谢更新展望未来，太空农业可利用太空资源开展农业生产，蝴蝶有望在传粉方面发挥作用。此处修饰动词playing，用ptential的副词形式ptentially。故填ptentially。
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
46. 假定你是李华，你班外教Thmas准备组织一场户外活动，现就活动内容向大家征求意见。请给Thmas写一封邮件，内容包括：
1．你的建议；
2．说明理由。
注意：
1．写作词数应为80个左右；
2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Thmas,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs sincerely,
Li Hua
【答案】One pssible versin:
Dear Thmas,
I’m writing t share my suggestin fr the upcming utdr activity. I recmmend rganizing a hiking trip t the nearby muntain park.
This activity is beneficial fr bth ur physical health and mental relaxatin. After a lng perid f intensive study, hiking in nature can help us relieve stress and refresh ur minds. Additinally, it prvides a great pprtunity fr classmates t cmmunicate and bnd with each ther utside the classrm, strengthening ur friendship. The beautiful scenery alng the trail will als allw us t appreciate the charm f nature.
I hpe yu will cnsider my suggestin.
Yurs sincerely,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生以李华的身份给外教Thmas写邮件，就其准备组织的户外活动提出建议，并说明建议的理由。
【详解】1.词汇积累
建议：suggestin→prpsal
缓解：relieve→ease
增强：strengthen→enhance
欣赏：appreciate→admire
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Additinally, it prvides a great pprtunity fr classmates t cmmunicate and bnd with each ther utside the classrm, strengthening ur friendship.
拓展句：Additinally, it prvides a great pprtunity fr classmates t cmmunicate and bnd with each ther utside the classrm, which strengthens ur friendship.
【点睛】【高分句型1】After a lng perid f intensive study, hiking in nature can help us relieve stress and refresh ur minds.（运用了动名词短语作主语）
【高分句型2】Additinally, it prvides a great pprtunity fr classmates t cmmunicate and bnd with each ther utside the classrm, strengthening ur friendship.（运用了现在分词短语作状语）
第二节（满分25分）
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Terry jumped fr jy! Her schl was ging t have a dance talent shw. Terry lved dancing, but the rules were clear — it required grups f three r mre t prmte teamwrk. Terry gathered her friends, Liz and Stephanie. With nly tw weeks t g, the girls had t jump int actin.
When chsing the music, Liz’s suggestin received Stephanie’s supprt, but Terry pushed fr her wn idea. Terry insisted that her sng ffered better chances fr fantastic steps. Bth the girls accepted, thugh nt entirely happy with the sng. Next, they had t decide n pening dance steps. Liz liked Stephanie’s idea, but Terry bjected and said that smething was missing and that they needed smething like her steps. Again, the ther tw agreed, excited just t dance tgether.
The girls gathered every afternn after schl and tried their best t practice the difficult dance mves. But with the shw appraching, Terry gt increasingly dissatisfied with the prgress. “Get serius! We have nly ne mre week t practice, and we’ve cmpleted the rutine nly three times!” Terry shuted. “We’ll never win this way!”
“We’re all trying hard,” Liz said.
But Terry didn’t think s. She said that they mved t fast and kept frgetting the steps, and that Stephanie had missed three days.
“I had the flu,” Stephanie said. “I jined yu as sn as I gt better.”
Terry cmplained that she was the nly ne trying and then declared that she was quitting. Bth the girls were shcked. In fact, they were giving up their afternns t practice. Additinally, Liz always brught snacks, and put tgether all the music; Stephanie helped chregraph (编舞) the mves, and wrked n cstumes.
Liz and Stephanie kept practicing that day withut Terry. They hped that Terry wuld calm dwn and rejin the grup. But Terry didn’t shw up the next day, r the next. They needed three members t cmpete, and the shw was getting s clse.
注意：
1．续写词数应为150个左右；
2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
“We need t talk t her,” Liz said t Stephanie.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
On the talent shw day, all the girls felt ready and cnfident.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
“We need t talk t her,” Liz said t Stephanie. They went t Terry’s huse right after schl, hlding the dance vide they had practiced repeatedly these days. When Terry pened the dr, seeing her tw friends with sincere smiles, her angry face sftened at nce. Liz gently tld her hw much they missed dancing with her and that the rutine wasn’t cmplete withut her. Stephanie shwed her their imprved, mre fluent mves. Terry felt ashamed, realizing she’d been stubbrn and selfish, ignring their hard wrk. She aplgized sincerely and begged t rejin them. The three hugged tightly and practiced day and night, with Terry learning t listen and cperate, plishing their rutine t be mre harmnius.
On the talent shw day, all the girls felt ready and cnfident. They wre the beautiful matching cstumes Stephanie had carefully prepared, stepping nt the bright stage cnfidently as their music started. Dancing in perfect harmny, they shwed smth mves, bright smiles and sincere emtins, reflecting all their hard wrk and deep friendship. The audience cheered ludly and clapped warmly the mment they finished. Afterward, they hugged tightly, frgetting the result. Terry lked at her friends earnestly: “Winning isn’t imprtant; dancing with yu is the happiest thing.” Thugh they didn’t get first prize, they gained precius friendship and truly understd teamwrk’s meaning.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，文章讲述特里和两位好友准备校园舞蹈才艺秀。特里固执己见，凡事都按自己的想法来，还不断指责同伴练习不够努力。距离演出越来越近，她因不满排练进度赌气退出了队伍。同伴们依旧坚持练习，希望她冷静后归队，可特里一直没有回来。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容““我们得去找她谈谈。” 莉兹对斯蒂芬妮说。”可以预测续写这段主要内容：莉兹和斯蒂芬妮上门劝说特里，特里知错悔改，三人重归于好，共同排练舞蹈。
②由第二段首句内容“才艺表演当天，三个女孩已经准备就绪，信心满满。”可以预测续写这段主要内容：演出当天三人默契表演，赢得掌声。她们看淡名次，懂得了友谊与合作的可贵。
2.续写线索：上门劝说特里——特里知错悔改——三人重归于好继续排练——默契表演——赢得掌声——感悟
3.词汇激活
行为类
①意识到：realize/be aware that/recgnize
②忽视：ignre/verlk/neglect
③拥抱：hug/embrace
情绪类
①气恼的：angry/annyed/irritated
②诚挚地：earnestly/sincerely/genuinely
【点睛】[高分句型1]Afterward, they hugged tightly, frgetting the result. （运用了现在分词frgetting作状语）
[高分句型2]Thugh they didn’t get first prize, they gained precius friendship and truly understd teamwrk’s meaning.（运用了Thugh引导的让步状语从句）