







专题08 动词专项之情态动词(课件)-高中英语语法全攻略高考一轮复习
展开 这是一份专题08 动词专项之情态动词(课件)-高中英语语法全攻略高考一轮复习,共34页。PPT课件主要包含了CONTENTS ,情态动词must,情态动词can等内容,欢迎下载使用。
can和culd的用法
表示“能力”时,can表示现在的能力,culd表示过去的能力。
The machine can wrk 24 hurs a day.这台机器能全天 24 小时运行。When I was in cllege, I culd stay up all night studying.
表示“推测”时,can用于否定句中,can't表示“不可能”。culd表“推测”时,比can的可能性要小。
She can't be in the library. I just saw her leave the schl.This culd be the right answer, but let's check again.
表示“请求”或“许可”时,通常用于疑问句中;culd表“请求”时比can更委婉。
Can yu help me carry this bag?你能帮我提这个包吗?Culd yu please pen the windw?您能开一下窗户吗?
culd have dne表示“本可以做某事”;culdn’t have dne表示“不可能做了某事”。
She culd have tld me the truth, but she chse t lie.她本可以告诉我真相,但她选择了撒谎。They culdn’t have arrived yet. The flight was delayed fr 3 hurs.他们不可能已经到了。航班延误了 3 小时。
be able t d表示“能够做某事”,不能与 can连用,但有更多时态。was/were able t d 表示过去能够而且做到了某事。
He has been able t slve the prblem after several attempts.经过几次尝试,他终于能解决这个问题了。The firefighters were able t save all the peple in the burning building.消防员成功救出了着火大楼里的所有人。
may和might的用法
1.may和might可用于肯定句中表示“许可”,用在疑问句中表示“请求”。
May I leave early tday? 我今天可以早点走吗?Yu might brrw the car if yu ask plitely. 如果你礼貌请求,或许可以借到车。
2. might表“推测”时,可能性比may的可能性小,把握把握不大。may/might have dne表示“可能已经做了某事”,但是把握不大。
He might be busy, but I’m nt sure.他可能很忙,但我不确定。She may have frgtten the meeting.她可能忘了开会这件事。
3.may/might well d sth意为“很可能”, may/might as well d sth.表示建议,意为“不妨做某事”。
She might well be late. The traffic is terrible tday.她很可能会迟到。今天交通太堵了。Yu may as well take an umbrella. It lks like rain.你不妨带把伞。天看起来要下雨了。
4.“May yu+动词原形”表示祝愿,意为“祝你……!”。
May yu have a safe jurney! 祝你旅途平安!May peace fllw yu wherever yu g! 愿平安与你同在!
must和have t的用法
Yu must finish yur hmewrk befre dinner.你必须在晚饭前完成作业。Yu mustn't smke in the library.禁止在图书馆吸烟。
must表示“必须”,强调说话人的主观态度,否定式为mustn't,意为“不允许,禁止。
Yu’ve been wrking all day. Yu must be tired.你工作了一整天,一定很累。He didn’t answer the phne. He must be taking a shwer.他没接电话,一定在洗澡。The grund is wet. It must have rained last night.地面是湿的,昨晚一定下过雨。
must表示“推测”,意为“一定是,准是",只用于肯定句中。must be ding肯定正在做某事;must have dne表示对过去发生的事情肯定判断,表示“肯定已经做了”。
They had t walk hme because the bus didn’t cme.He desn’t have t finish the reprt tday. It’s due next week.
have t表示客观需要,意为“不得不”,否定式为dn’t have t,相当于needn't。
The car must break dwn n the highway!车子偏要在高速上抛锚!If yu must g ut tnight, at least take an umbrella.如果你今晚偏要出去,至少带把伞。Why must yu leave the dr pen? It’s freezing utside!你为什么偏要把门开着?外面冷死了!
must表示“偏要”,指说话人对发生的事情表示不满。用于表达说话人对某人固执行为或不合时宜的情况的不满、不耐烦或责备,强调“对方偏偏要这样做”,隐含“本不该如此却执意为之”
shall, shuld和ught t
1.shall用在第一三人称疑问句中时,表示征求对方意见。
Shall we g fr a walk after dinner?晚饭后我们去散步好吗?Shall the reprt be sent t yu by email?这份报告用邮件发你可以吗?
2.shall用在第二、三人称陈述句中时,表示允诺、命令、告诫等。
He shall have the bk by tmrrw, I prmise.Whever breaks the law shall be held respnsible.
3.shuld表示“推测”,常意为“按道理说应该”;shuld还可以表示说话人的惊奇、愤怒、失望等,多用It is necessary that…句型。
The train shuld arrive at 9:30. It’s never late.It’s ridiculus that he shuld lie t his wn parents.
4.shuld have dne表示“本应该做某事而没有做”,否定式则表示在“本不该做某事但已经做了”。
She shuld have accepted the jb ffer. It was a great pprtunity.她本应该接受那份工作的,那是个好机会。He shuldn’t have driven s fast. Nw he’s gt a speeding ticket.他本不该开那么快的,现在收到超速罚单了。
5.shuld/ught t表示责任,义务,意为“应该”,否定式为shuld nt/ ught nt t。
Yu ught t aplgize fr yur rudeness.你应该为你的粗鲁道歉。As a manager, yu ught t have addressed the prblem earlier.作为经理,你本应该更早处理这个问题。
will和wuld的用法
Will yu call me when yu arrive? 你到了之后给我打个电话好吗?Wuld yu help me with this frm? 您能帮我填一下这张表吗?
1.will表示“请求”,常用于第二人称疑问句中,wuld比will语气更委婉。
2. will表示主观愿望、意志或决心,wuld用于过去的习惯性动作,意为“过去常常做某事”。
He will nt listen t anyne’s advice. 他不肯听任何人的劝告。He wuld ften sit by the windw, lst in thught.
Will yu wait fr me at the entrance? 你能在入口处等我吗?Wuld yu like t have a cup f tea? 您想喝杯茶吗?
3.will和wuld用于第二人称的疑问句中,wuld表示委婉语气。
4.wuld have dne多用于虚拟条件句或含蓄条件句,表示与过去事实相反的假设。
We wuld have arrived n time if the bus hadn’t brken dwn.Withut yur help, I wuldn’t have finished the prject.
5.wuld用于否定句可以表示顽固倾向,意为“老是不”“总是不”。另外,wuld d还可以表示过去将来时; wuld用于一般疑问句,表示委婉的用法。Wuld yu please….?请你……好吗?Wuld yu like t d…? 你想……吗?Wuld yu mind ding…? 你介意……吗?Wuld yu rather d…?你倒愿意……吗?
Wuld yu pass the menu, please? 请您把菜单递给我好吗?Wuld yu mind waiting fr a few minutes? 您介意等几分钟吗?Wuld yu please pen the dr? 您能开一下门吗?
1.We culd see the muntain peak __________ sight after hurs f factry wrkers are __________ strike fr imprved wrking hiker was __________ danger when the strm suddenly hit the kncked ver the cup __________ purpse t get feeling f standing n the muntain tp was __________ applicatin fr the schlarship is still __________ wildfire is finally __________ cntrl after days f decided t start the hike __________ midnight t watch the meter finally felt __________ ease when her friends arrived at the decided t deliver the letter __________ persn t express her gratitude.
need和dare的用法
1.need用作情态动词,多用于否定句、疑问句,后接动词原形。needn’t have dne表示“本没必要做某事但实际上做了”。
2.need用作实意动词,接名词、代词、不定式作宾语。need ding=need t be dne表示需要做。
D they need t bk a htel in advance?他们需要提前预订酒店吗?The brken windw needs t be repaired.这扇破窗户需要被修理。
She needn’t wrry abut the exam—she’s well-prepared.她没必要担心考试,她准备得很充分。She needn’t have hurried t the airprt. The flight was delayed fr 2 hurs.她本没必要急着去机场,航班延误了 2 小时。
3.dare用作情态动词,多用于否定句、疑问句,只有dare和dared两种形式。I dare say...意为“我想,大概,可能,或许……”。
4.dare用作实意动词,接名不定式作宾语。
She didn’t dare (t) tell him the bad news.她不敢告诉他这个坏消息。Did they dare (t) argue with the teacher?他们敢和老师争论吗?
She dare nt g ut alne at night.她晚上不敢独自外出。Dare he speak in frnt f the whle class?他敢在全班面前发言吗?She dared nt g ut alne when she was a child.她小时候不敢独自外出。
情态动词+have dne
can’t have dne表示“不可能做了某事”。
The baby can’t have eaten a whle cake. She’s nly ne year ld.He can’t have finished the wrk in an hur. It’s t cmplicated.
culd have dne用于肯定句,表示“本可以做某事”。culdn’t have dne表示“不可能做了某事”。
He culd have becme a dctr, but he gave up the pprtunity.She culdn’t have frgtten yur birthday. Yu reminded her twice.
may/might have dne用于肯定或否定句中,表示对过去的推测,意思是“也许已经┅,可能已经…”。
She may have frgtten ur appintment. She’s been really busy lately.He might have made a mistake in the reprt, but I’m nt sure.
must have dne只用于肯定句,表示对过去的推测,意思是“一定已经,想必已经,准是已经….”。
The dr is lcked. They must have left already.He didn’t answer the phne. He must have been busy at that mment.
shuld/ught t have dne表示“本应该做某事而没有做”; shuldn’t have dne表示在“本不该做某事但已经做了”。
Yu shuldn’t have lied t yur parents. They trust yu.She shuldn’t have pened yur letter withut permissin.
needn’t have dne表示“作了不必做或不需要做的事”。
We needn’t have prepared s much fd. Only five guests came.I needn’t have bught a new umbrella—the ld ne still wrks.
It used t be that yu culd drive fr miles here withut seeing anther persn, but nw there are huses and peple everywhere.
以前你可能在这里开了几英里,都没见过别人,但现在到处都是房子和人。
Yu shuldn't have sclded him fr his pr perfrmance. After all, he had dne his best.
你本不应该因为他表现不好而责骂他。毕竟,他已经尽力了。
I needn’t have wrried befre I came t the new schl, fr my classmates here are very friendly t me.
我来新学校之前本没有必要担心,因为在这里我的同学对我非常友好。
2018·天津·高考卷
I can't find my purse. I culd have left it in the supermarket yesterday, but I'm nt sure.
我不能找到我的钱包了,昨天我有可能把它落到超市了,但我不确定。
We _________bther with details, fr ur teammates will d everything in their pwer t help us.A. mustn’tB. daren’tC. needn’tD. can’t
句意:我们不必为细节而烦恼,因为我们的队友会尽全力帮助我们。A. mustn’t禁止;B. daren’t不敢;C. needn’t不必;D. can’t不能。根据“fr ur teammates will d everything in their pwer t help us”可知,因为我们队友会全力帮助我们,所以我们不必为细节烦恼。故选C。
---I hnestly dn't think I'm ging t be admitted.---Well, yu never knw! Yu________ a better impressin than yu think.A. may have made B. shuld have madeC. culdn't have made D. needn't have made
句意:—老实说,我觉得我不会被录取。—唉,谁知道呢!你给人的印象可能比你想象的要好。A.may have made 可能;B.shuld have made本应该做;C.culdn't have made不可能做;D.needn't have made本不必做。根据句意可知,此处表示的是有可能,选A。
If I hadn’t been faced with s many barriers, I _____where I am.A. wn’t beB. wuldn’t have beenC. wuldn’t beD. shuldn’t have been
句意:如果我没有面对那么多的障碍,我现在就不会在这里。分析句子成分可知,此处是错综时间虚拟语气,根据空后where I am可知,此处是与现在事实相反的假设,主句谓语动词应使用wuld/culd/might/shuld+d。选C。
Paul did a great jb in the speech cntest. He _________ many times last week.A. need have practisedB. might practiseC. must have practisedD. culd practise
句意:保罗在演讲比赛中表现得很好。他上星期一定练习了很多次。must have dne是对过去发生的动作最有把握的猜测,意思是“一定”。故C选项正确。
先定语境,再选情态动词
1. 提建议/表达劝告(书信、建议类作文):shuld/ught t(基础,通用)→ had better(语气更强,表“最好”)→ might as well(表“不妨”,高级替换)2. 表达能力/可能性(记叙文、议论文):can(现在/客观能力)→ culd(过去能力/委婉可能性)→ may/might(可能性更低,might比may更委婉)3. 表义务/必要(议论文、倡议书):must(必须,语气最强)→ have t(客观需要,非主观意愿)→ need t(普通必要,可替换must表缓和)
4. 表推测/判断(所有体裁):肯定推测:must(极肯定,“一定”);否定推测:can’t(极否定,“不可能”);不确定推测:may/might/culd(“可能”)5. 表请求/许可(书信、对话体):can/culd(请求,culd更委婉)→ may/might(许可,正式一点)6. 表虚拟/遗憾(记叙文、感悟类):culd have dne(本可以做却没做)→ shuld have dne(本应该做却没做)→ needn’t have dne(本不必做却做了),是写作中提升文采的高频句式。
万能句式:直接套用,快速提分
1. 建议类:It is high time that we shuld d sth.(是时候我们做某事了,议论文高频);Yu might as well d sth. t slve the prblem.(你不妨做某事来解决问题,书信高级)2. 推测类:There is n dubt that we must take actin t...(毫无疑问我们必须采取行动,议论文开头/结尾);He can’t have frgtten the appintment, fr he wrte it dwn.(他不可能忘记约会,因为他记下来了,记叙文)
3. 虚拟/感悟类:If I had knwn the truth, I shuld have tld yu earlier.(如果我知道真相,我早就告诉你了,记叙文结尾)4. 义务/倡议类:As students, we have t shulder the respnsibility f...(作为学生,我们必须承担……的责任,倡议书/议论文)5. 祝愿类:May yu achieve yur dream and make great prgress!(愿你实现梦想,取得巨大进步,书信结尾万能)
N matter what difficulties yu meet with, yu must remember that yu culd have vercme thse seemingly insluble prblems with perseverance.
无论你遇到什么困难,你都必须记住,自己本可以凭借毅力克服那些看似不可能解决的问题。
① 主句情态动词must表“主观上的必须、义务”,后接动词原形remember,引导宾语从句;② 宾语从句中culd have dne为情态动词特殊用法,表“过去本有能力做某事却未做”,核心突出“过去的潜在能力与实际未行动的反差”;③ 让步状语从句N matter what...中用一般现在时表客观情况,符合主现从现的时态规则。
Nw that yu have prmised t take part in this public welfare activity, yu ught t keep yur wrd, r yu wuld let dwn thse wh trust yu.
既然你已经答应要参加这次公益活动,你就应当信守承诺,否则你会让那些信任你的人失望的。
① ught t表“道义上的应该”,语气比shuld更正式,后接动词原形keep,贴合“信守承诺”的道义要求;② 并列句中wuld表“虚拟的结果、大概率的可能性”,此处指“如果不信守承诺,就会出现让他人失望的结果”;③ Nw that引导原因状语从句,用现在完成时have prmised表“过去的承诺对现在的影响”。
N ne can deny that the happy life we have nw must have been earned by cuntless ancestrs with their sweat and bld.
没有人能够否认,我们如今所拥有的幸福生活,一定是无数先辈用汗水和鲜血换来的。
① 主句情态动词can表“客观上的能力”,N ne can deny为固定句式,表“无人能否认”,后接that宾语从句;② 宾语从句中must have dne表“对过去发生事情的肯定推测”,语气极肯定,贴合“先辈用汗水换幸福生活”这一既定事实;③ 从句中we have nw为定语从句修饰life,被动语态have been earned与by搭配。
dn’t have t
When yu are faced with chices, yu dn’t have t rush t make a decisin; n the cntrary, yu may as well take sme time t reflect n what yu really want.
当你面对选择时,你不必急于做出决定,相反,你不妨花点时间思考什么才是自己真正想要的。
① dn’t have t表“不必”,相当于needn’t,强调“主观上没有必要做某事”,区别于mustn’t(禁止);② may as well为情态动词固定搭配,表“不妨、倒不如”,用于提出委婉的建议,后接动词原形take;③ 时间状语从句be faced with为固定搭配,what引导的宾语从句作reflect n的宾语,保持陈述语序。
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