上海嘉定区2026届下学期高三二模质量调研 英语试题（原卷版+解析版）

这是一份上海嘉定区2026届下学期高三二模质量调研 英语试题（原卷版+解析版），共13页。试卷主要包含了 A等内容，欢迎下载使用。
I. Grammar and Vcabulary
Sectin A
Directins: After reading the passage belw, fill in the blanks t make the passage cherent and grammatically crrect. Fr the blanks with a given wrd, fill in each blank with the prper frm f the given wrd; fr the ther blanks, use ne wrd that best fits each blank.
Why Bk-t-Film Adaptatins Often Disappint
When a belved bk is adapted int a film, fans ften experience a mix f excitement and anxiety. They lk frward t seeing a familiar stry n screen but wrry that the film might nt live up t the images they have imagined while reading. This reactin arises frm hw we read. Fr many, nvels are nt just stries; they are visual experiences ____1____ (carry) in the mind.
Reading invlves ____2____ (create) mental images f characters, settings, and events. These images, ____3____ they are general r detailed, frm part f the enjyment f reading. We rarely ntice them until there is smething wrng with them. Once a film versin desn’t match ur imagined images, disappintment fllws. We might find urselves thinking, “That’s nt hw I ____4____ (picture) it.”
Interestingly, this isn’t new. It has existed ____5____ the lng histry f strytelling. In the 19th century, when illustratins started appearing in bks, readers began t feel a similar discmfrt. The visual representatins in bks, such as thse in Charles Dickens’ nvels, were seen as a threat t readers’ mental imagery. Once an illustratin had been seen by a reader, the character r scene was likely ____6____ (imagine) differently.
Yet nt everyne felt disappinted by illustratins. Fr peple ____7____ struggle t visualize while reading, illustratins culd enhance their experience. Arund 4% f the ppulatin lacks the ability t turn wrds int pictures, and fr them, illustratins in bks r films may be mre enjyable, ____8____ they have n pre-existing images t cmpare them t.
Fr mst f us wh d visualize, thugh, the gap between what a film shws and ur mental images can lead t disappintment. Hwever, this desn’t mean the film is a failure. Instead, it ffers an insight int ____9____ persnal ur engagement with nvels really is. Therefre, rather than criticize an adaptatin, we ____10____ reflect n why it differs frm ur imagined versin and what that reveals abut ur perceptins.
Sectin B
Directins: Cmplete the fllwing passage by using the wrds in the bx. Each wrd can nly be used nce. Nte that there is ne wrd mre than yu need.
Learn Chinese in One Wrd
In recent years, peple have talked a lt abut the wrd “they” in English. Many believe this is helpful because it includes bth males and females. Yet, English is nt the nly language that has been experimenting with a(n) ____11____ expressin. French speakers ften use “iel,” a cmbinatin f “il” (he) and “elle” (she). In Chinese, there is als an interesting idea. In 2015, sme internet users suggested a new written frm: X也.
By cmbining the letter “X” with parts f the Chinese characters used fr “he” and “she”, this symbl still reads as “ta” used fr bth men and wmen in spken Chinese. In this ____12____, the new symbl des nt change hw peple speak. Instead, it frmalizes smething that already exists in the language. After the character was added t Unicde, the internatinal system fr digital text, it became easier t type. This helped the wider ____13____ f the symbl nline.
Hwever, the situatin in English is different. In English, sme peple still feel ____14____ with “they”. Many speakers insist that “they” shuld nly refer t mre than ne persn instead f singular wrds like “smene”. Chinese is different. Since the spken language already uses ne sund fr bth genders, the new symbl is a(n) ____15____ visual change.
This small change in writing als highlights smething curius abut the Chinese language n a(n) ____16____ scale. The language relies heavily n cntext t express meaning. It has n wrd exactly like the English article “the,” and time is ften understd frm the situatin rather than frm verb endings. Therefre, Chinese can express ideas with surprising ____17____, using nly a few wrds. Fr example, a lng sentence such as “The relatinships amng the Seven Warring States were cnstantly changing” can be presented as “Relatinship between Warring States is cnstant change.”
English, despite its reputatin fr accuracy, ____18____ leaves much t cntext. Verbs in English have nly three endings: “-s”, “-ing” and “-ed”. Cmpared with languages like Russian, where verbs have mre than 60 endings, English grammar lks quite ____19____. Learning a new language therefre ges beynd learning new vcabulary. It als means understanding hw meaning is _____20_____ in different languages.
III. Reading Cmprehensin
Sectin A
Directins: Fr each blank in the fllwing passage there are fur wrds r phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the wrd r phrase that best fits the cntext.
In ancient histry, the sldiers f Sparta were knwn fr their strng cmmitment t the grup. It is believed that they fught fearlessly because they put the ____21____ abve any individual sldier. This idea f ____22____ neself fr the cmmunity can als be bserved in the tiny wrld f bacteria. Scientists have recently discvered hw a bacterial ____23____ system, named SPARDA, uses a similar strategy t prtect bacterial grups frm virus attacks.
A new study, led by bichemist Mindaugas Zaremba at Vilnius University, published in Cell Research, explained hw this system wrks n a ____24____ level. By studying SPARDA in different bacteria, the team identified an imprtant part f the system they called the beta-relay.
The beta-relay wrks like a ____25____ in the SPARDA system. When there is n danger, it stays “ff,” and the prteins in it remain ____26____. Once freign DNA, such as a virus, is ____27____, the beta-relay changes its shape and turns “n.” This transfrmatin allws its prteins t cnnect with each ther, frming lng chains t ____28____ the enemy as well as the hst. “SPARDA systems were demnstrated t prtect bacteria frm viruses by degrading the DNA f bth ____29____ cells and viruses. They killed the hst but at the same time prevented further spread f the infectin within the bacterial ppulatin.” Zaremba said.
SPARDA is essential fr bacterial defense, but Zaremba’s team argues that the system culd als help ____30____ in medical diagnsis. SPARDA is the final line fr bacterial cells, which is activated nly when an infectin is present. Therefre, SPARDA includes an accurate ____31____ mechanism fr sptting freign DNA that wuld launch self-destructin. Researchers culd ____32____ the system fr medical diagnstics, Zaremba suggested, which means the beta-relay culd be altered t functin nly when the target gene is identified. ____33____, imagine it wuld react nly t the genetic material f HIV.
But the benefits f SPARDA dn’t stp there. Traditinal diagnstic tls have an bvius ____34____: they can nly wrk when viruses cntain a specific genetic cde called PAM. “We already knw that SPARDA systems d nt require PAM,” Zaremba said. “This makes SPARDA mre ____35____, and it culd help scientists detect a wider variety f germs and viruses. Understanding hw this system wrks may help us slve sme f the big challenges in science.”
21. A. kingB. battleC. stateD. hnur
22. A. enjyingB. prtectingC. celebratingD. sacrificing
23. A. cntrlB. defenseC. netwrkD. infrmatin
24. A. micrB. glbalC. practicalD. histrical
25. A. bridgeB. barrierC. switchD. vehicle
26. A. inactiveB. unsureC. availableD. energetic
27. A. revisedB. detectedC. releasedD. eliminated
28. A. destryB. restreC. examineD. identify
29. A. infectedB. healthyC. freignD. unknwn
30. A. humansB. planetsC. rganismsD. ecsystems
31. A. regulatinB. measurementC. recgnitinD. transprtatin
32. A. reduceB. returnC. reprduceD. repurpse
33. A. In factB. As a resultC. In additinD. Fr example
34. A. dangerB. featureC. advantageD. limitatin
35. A. rigidB. riskyC. flexibleD. innvative
Sectin B
Directins: Read the fllwing three passages. Each passage is fllwed by several questins r unfinished statements. Fr each f them there are fur chices marked A, B, C and D. Chse the ne that fits best accrding t the infrmatin given in the passage yu have just read.
(A)
My first jurney t Nrway began with an accident that almst killed me n the deck f a deep-sea fishing bat.
One afternn, having finished my task, I climbed the ladder t the deck. I had scarcely lifted my head when the sky disappeared. In its place came a heavy irn cage, swinging with blind frce and hitting me right in the face. I remember n pain at first — nly darkness.
When I recvered my senses, I was n my hands and knees. My cheek was trn, and my teeth lay brken in my muth. An lder fisherman, Arnesn, fund me and carried me t my rm. During the slw days that fllwed, he accmpanied me and spke f his byhd in Andalsnes, amng Nrway’s fjrds (峡湾) and muntains f such beauty that he dared nt return. He feared that the real place might destry the perfect image in his heart. I listened attentively because I had begun t ask myself: was I, like Arnesn, just living n an image f wh I had been befre the accident.
His stries, repeated in thse lng days f recvery, fixed Nrway in my imaginatin as a place where I culd find the answer. Thus, when I was well enugh t travel, I started my jurney, mved less by curage than by a quiet hpe fr relief. Frm Nrway’s capital I jurneyed t Åndalsnes, the twn he had described with such gentleness. The fllwing day I climbed Aksla. The path was steep, and the pain in my legs was sharp but hnest. Each step seemed like a questin: wh are yu nw? At the tp, sitting amng stnes and thin grass, I lked at the silent peaks and understd that the sea had nt sent me here by chance. I had crssed water and land nly t discver that the jurney was inward.
I had cme t Nrway hping the muntains wuld heal me. Instead, I learned that a single blw des nt merely wund the bdy; it breaks pen the self and sets it wandering. Yet in that wandering I fund smething steady. My memries, my fears, and the vices f thse wh had walked beside me frmed a quiet fellwship. In their cmpany, I did nt find a cure, but I began, at last, t find myself.
36. What accident ccurred t the authr n the fishing bat?
A. Facing a heavy strm.B. Falling frm the ladder.
C. Being hit by an irn cage.D. Suffering night blindness.
37. Why des the authr mentin Arnesn in paragraph 3?
A. T describe the authr’s daily life n the bat.
B. T intrduce what inspired the authr’s jurney.
C. T explain why Nrway is an attractive cuntry.
D. T shw hw the authr recvered frm the accident.
38. What can we infer abut the authr frm Paragraph 4?
A. He was weaker than befre.B. He reflected n his true self.
C. He regretted ging t Nrway.D. He lst his way n the muntain.
39. Which f the fllwing might be the best title f the passage?
A. A Fatal AccidentB. A Memry f the Sea
C. A Friend f Pure HeartD. A Jurney f Self-Discvery
(B)
The wrd “bidegradable” describes materials that can be brken dwn naturally by the envirnment thrugh a prcess called bidegradatin. During this prcess, fungi (真菌) and tiny micrbes like bacteria break dwn rganic matter frm plants and animals. The remains becme nutrient-rich material that helps new plants grw, frming a repeating and self-sustaining system ften called the circle f life. This prcess is clsely linked t the carbn cycle. During the prcess, plants take in carbn dixide, animals pass carbn alng the fd chain, and micrrganisms release it back int the air after plants and animals die, which starts a new cycle. Tday, “bidegradable” can als describe sme prducts that can break dwn naturally. Instead f being sent int incineratrs (焚化炉) r recycling centres, bidegradable wastes usually end up in landfills.
40. What can we learn frm the passage?
A. Bidegradable waste is usually burned dwn.
B. Bidegradatin happens when there is n xygen.
C. A key part f bidegradatin is the remval f carbn.
D. Bidegradatin is an essential part f the circle f life.
41. The underlined wrd “assimilate” mst prbably means ______.
A. absrbB. translateC. divideD. destry
42. Which f the fllwing titles is crrectly matched with its illustratin?
A. ORGANIC MATERIAL B. DECOMPOSITION
C. DIGESTION D. BYPRODUCTS
(C)
Cinemas are full f sequels (续集) and superheres. Pp charts are led by the same glbal stars year after year. The internet prduces endless trends and sensatinal cultural prducts. Has 21st-century culture becme repetitive and dull? A new bk ffers a perspective.
In Blank Space, W. David Marx argues that smething imprtant has changed. In the early 20th century, mvements such as Surrealism (超现实主义) deeply transfrmed art. The 1960s brught cunterculture and rck music. Cmpared with thse creative explsins, tday’s culture, which remixes ld ideas rather than inventing new nes, can appear cautius.
Mney, Mr Marx suggests, plays a large rle. In pp music, the idea f “selling ut” has largely died ut while the ultimate measure f value is financial success. Fame is smetimes driven less by artistic talent than by marketing skill and nline visibility. Technlgy has added anther layer. In its early days, the internet allwed small cmmunities t experiment and share unusual tastes. Tday, hwever, nline platfrms ften reward speed, exciting and simple messages. Algrithms (算法) favur what keeps users clicking, nt what challenges them. As a result, safe and familiar cntent may crwd ut riskier wrk.
Still, his sweeping bk versimplifies the reality. There has always been mre litter than gld, and time has simply filtered ut the wrst s that we just remember the masterpieces and frget the rest. It may be t early t judge the lng-term value f tday’s creatins, which are still cmpeting in a nisy digital marketplace.
Mrever, the cntinued ppularity f lder wrks is nt a sign f fixedness. Classics endure because they d have an edge ver the thers, nt because nthing new can succeed. Mdern culture may appear repetitive, but it is als diverse and widely accessible, and that’s why we can still freely enjy ld masterpieces.
Anther way t think f 21st-century Western culture is as a histry f relative cmfrt. Chas in the tday’s wrld has shaken up the arts, but it has been less impactful than the crises that launched the cultural breakthrughs f the early 20th century. In extreme cnditins, culd tday’s creatrs match the past genius? Let’s hpe we will never find ut.
43. Which f the fllwing statements might W. David Marx agree with?
A. There was mre dull art in the past than there is tday.
B. Audience prefer masterpieces in the past t new ideas tday.
C. Financial success has becme mre imprtant than artistic riginality.
D. Technlgical prgress has made cultural innvatin easier than befre.
44. Which f the fllwing best reflects the writer’s view f mdern culture?
A. It is largely shaped by nline platfrms.
B. It’s still t early t judge its true value.
C. The success f ld wrks prves its failure.
D. It mainly repeats past ideas withut anything new.
45. What des the underlined sentence in the last paragraph imply?
A. The authr thinks scial chas is necessary.
B. The authr hpes extreme crises wn’t happen.
C. The authr believes mdern artists are superir.
D. The authr thinks cultural decline will cntinue.
46. What is the main purpse f the passage?
A. T questin a bk’s argument abut culture.
B. T cmpare mdern culture with classical culture.
C. T prve that mdern culture is cmpletely empty.
D. T explain hw technlgy influences mdern culture.
Sectin C
Directins: Cmplete the fllwing passage by using the sentences given belw. Each sentence can be used nly nce. Nte that there are tw mre sentences than yu need.
The Sciencewashing f Everyday Life
There stands a display mdel f a face mask in my lcal beauty stre. Its package is cvered with wrds like “patents”, “peptides”, and “duble helix”. I have n idea what any f this means. But this is science. The mask csts $75.
____47____ Brands describe themselves as “bilgy-first” r “pwered by bitech.” Creams prmise t wrk “at a mlecular (分子) level.” Lipsticks cntain acids with “different mlecular weights.” Water is sld with extra hydrgen (氢), as if tw atms were n lnger enugh. Even sprts drinks, which nce relied n images f sweating athletes, nw prudly annunce that they are “lab tested.” In a crwded market, science has becme the new symbl f quality.
Marketing has always brrwed frm science, but it used t be mre direct. A cereal cntained fiber, and fiber was gd fr yu. ____48____ They were infrmed but plainspken, emplying the simple lgic f cause and effect. They talked, basically, like a family medicine dctr.
Tday’s ads, by cntrast, talk like the Ph.D. kind f dctr. They use lng, cmplex wrds and refer t things viewable nly under a micrscpe. The gal is nt always t explain, but t cnfuse. ____49____
“Peple like buying prducts that are research-backed,” said Neil Lewis Jr., a behaviral scientist at Crnell. “But mst peple, they are nt prfessinal enugh t actually evaluate thse claims. They dn’t have the time r specific knwledge, s they just lk fr sme signals. That gives their everyday cnsumptin a serius, almst academic appearance.”
But here is the prblem. ____50____ Gvernment financial supprt has weakened, peple’s trust in scientists has fallen, and many researchers have left public institutins. It is unsettling t imagine we are appraching a wrld in which scientists are emplyed nt by independent institutins but nly by cmpanies — a wrld where science itself serves as advertising.
A. A cream had vitamin C, and vitamin C helped skin.
B. Many f the claims are reasnable, while thers are meaningless nnsense.
C. When science is being used t sell creams and drinks, science as a public gd is under threat.
D. Acrss fashin, beauty, and fd, scientific language has becme a pwerful sales tl.
E. In fact, science in the private interest desn’t necessarily wrk like that.
F. N ne is lking up an academic study t make sure the claims n their package are accurate.
Ⅳ. Summary Writing
51. Directins: Read the fllwing passage. Summarize in n mre than 60 wrds the main idea and the main pint(s) f the passage. Use yur wn wrds as far as pssible.
The Pwer f Hesitatin
Hesitatin is ften seen as a weakness. At the Olympics, athletes must chse the exact mment t start. In these events, even a tiny delay can mean lsing a gld medal. Fr these athletes, hesitatin is dangerus. Sme mental health cnditins are als related t hesitatin. OCD (强迫症) is linked t lack f hesitatin while anxiety disrders may cause t much hesitatin, making it hard fr peple t act at all.
Recently, neurscientists have been studying hw the brain decides when t act and when t wait. They designed a simple decisin-making experiment in which mice heard three different sunds. Sme sunds clearly meant they wuld receive a drp f sugar water. Other sunds meant n reward. A third sund meant there was nly a 50 percent chance f getting the reward.
Interestingly, the mice hesitated lnger when the utcme was uncertain. Even thugh their behaviur did nt change the result, they still paused befre acting. This means that hesitatin is nt simply cnfusin. Instead, it is an active brain prcess that respnds t uncertainty. The findings suggest that, rather than a weakness t vercme, hesitatin appears t be a fundamental brain feature that helps us deal with an uncertain wrld and avid cstly mistakes..
Researchers als fund a special grup f brain cells that became active nly when the mice hesitated. These cells are lcated in a brain area called the basal ganglia, which is als affected in Parkinsn’s disease, OCD, and addictins. This cnnectin may prvide pssible targets fr future treatments.
Hesitatin is nt simply a flaw but a useful and necessary brain functin. By helping individuals respnd carefully t uncertainty, it prtects peple frm mistakes and may als prvide new directins fr treating mental health disrders.
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V. Translatin
Directins: Translate the fllwing sentences int English, using the wrds given in the brackets.
52. 春节的意义体现在和谁一起过年，而非在哪里过年。(lie)(汉译英)
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53. 借助光影，学生们开启了一段科学与艺术交融的探索之旅。(jin)(汉译英)
______________________________________________________________
54. 来到这座南方小城三十年，所见飘雪，成规模者，数场而已。(since)(汉译英)
______________________________________________________________
55. 当技术回归服务于人的目的，城市的每一次智能化升级就能听见普通人的声音。(accunt)(汉译英)
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Ⅵ. Guided Writing
56. Directins: Write an English cmpsitin in 120-150 wrds accrding t the instructins given belw in Chinese.
56. 假设你是明启中学高三学生王明，校园英语报“数字生活”板块正在策划特别系列“我的视频清单”，向全体高三学生征集稿件，邀请大家分享自己喜爱的网络视频。你对此很感兴趣，撰写一篇文章，内容如下：
1）对你喜爱看的网络视频进行分类；
2）具体说明每一类视频的特征，以及它们对你的影响或意义。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________A. adptin B. brad C. ecnmy D. gender-neutral E. rganized
F. purely G. respect H. rewarded I. similarly J. spare K. uncmfrtable