高考英语 二轮复习专题突破 专题24：句法之定语从句练习+答案

这是一份高考英语 二轮复习专题突破 专题24：句法之定语从句练习+答案，共8页。
核【核心知识·深度解读】
定语从句是高考英语语法填空、短文改错及书面表达的核心考点，重点考查关系代词与关系副词的选择、限制性与非限制性定语从句的区别、介词+关系代词结构、as引导的定语从句等。近年命题更注重在复杂语境中考查定语从句的灵活运用，尤其关注科技、文化、社会热点等话题中的从句应用。本专题包含核心知识精讲、15道单句填空、10道句子翻译与表达及3篇语法填空篇章练习，帮助学生系统掌握定语从句的用法。
核心知识·定语从句高频考点与辨析
二轮策略： ① 确定先行词是人还是物；② 判断关系词在从句中充当的成分（主语/宾语/状语）；③ 注意限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别（非限制性用逗号隔开，不可用that）；④ 掌握“介词+关系代词”结构中介词的确定方法（根据动词搭配或语义）。
题型训练一 · 定语从句单句填空
Instructins: 用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空，必要时可加介词。(每题1分，共15分)
1. The scientist ________ discvery changed the wrld passed away yesterday.
2. This is the factry ________ my father wrked fr 30 years.
3. The reasn ________ he was late fr the meeting was that his car brke dwn.
4. The bk, ________ cver is trn, belngs t me.
5. The yung man ________ yu met yesterday is my cusin.
6. I’ll never frget the days ________ we spent tgether in the cuntryside.
7. He is a man ________ we can rely n fr help.
8. The htel ________ we stayed during the vacatin was very cmfrtable.
9. There are many prblems ________ need t be slved urgently.
10. The artist, ________ paintings are famus wrldwide, will visit ur schl.
11. The cmpany ________ prducts are f high quality has wn many awards.
12. The new technlgy, ________ is expected t revlutinize the industry, will be released next year.
13. This is the nly ne f the bks ________ was written by the authr himself.
14. The village ________ we visited last mnth has changed a lt.
15. She is such a kind persn ________ everyne likes her.
题型训练二 · 定语从句句子翻译与表达
Instructins: 根据中文提示，完成英文句子，运用定语从句。(每空1.5分，共15分)
1. 我们昨天参观的那个博物馆有着悠久的历史。
The museum ________ we visited yesterday ________ a lng histry.
2. 这就是他解决那个问题的原因。
This is the reasn ________ he ________ that prblem.
3. 众所周知，中国在太空探索方面取得了巨大成就。
________ is knwn t all, China has made great achievements in space explratin.
4. 他工作的那家公司在全球享有盛誉。
The cmpany ________ he wrks ________ wrldwide reputatin.
5. 我永远不会忘记我们共同奋斗的日子。
I will never frget the days ________ we ________ tgether.
6. 那本封面很旧的书是我祖父留给我的。
The bk ________ cver is ld ________ t me by my grandfather.
7. 这是我们正在寻找的那位科学家。
This is the scientist ________ we ________.
8. 她写了一本书，这本书成为了畅销书。
She wrte a bk, ________ became a ________.
9. 这就是他迟到的原因。
This is the reasn ________ he ________.
10. 她是一个值得信赖的人。
She is a persn ________ we can ________.
阅读题型 · 语法填空（三篇原创 · 定语从句语境训练）
要求： 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，注意定语从句的运用。
【Passage 1 · 中国航天新成就】
China’s space statin, Tiangng, has becme a symbl f scientific cperatin. The astrnauts, ________ wrk n the statin, cnduct experiments that are impssible n Earth. One f the mst significant prjects, ________ results were annunced last mnth, invlves studying plant grwth in micrgravity. The statin, ________ rbit is abut 400 kilmeters abve Earth, will perate fr mre than ten years. The scientists ________ designed the experiments are frm different cuntries. This is a milestne ________ demnstrates China’s cmmitment t peaceful space explratin. The day will cme ________ mre cuntries will participate in this grand prject, ________ is expected t benefit all f humanity.
【Passage 2 · 数字敦煌文化保护】
The Mga Caves, ________ are lcated in Dunhuang, are a UNESCO Wrld Heritage site. Researchers have launched a digital preservatin prject, ________ aims t create high-reslutin 3D mdels f the murals. This is the reasn ________ the prject has received widespread supprt. The technlgy, ________ has been develped ver the past decade, allws peple frm all ver the wrld t appreciate the caves withut causing damage. There is a virtual museum ________ visitrs can explre the murals in detail. The team ________ is leading this prject cnsists f experts frm bth China and abrad. This is a great example ________ shws hw technlgy can help preserve cultural heritage.
【Passage 3 · 绿色能源转型之路】
The transitin t renewable energy is a challenge ________ many cuntries are facing. China, ________ installed capacity f slar and wind pwer ranks first in the wrld, has made remarkable prgress. The regins ________ slar energy is mst abundant are in the western part f the cuntry. The gvernment has implemented plicies ________ encurage investment in green technlgies. These are the measures ________ have cntributed t the rapid grwth f the renewable energy sectr. The day ________ China achieves carbn neutrality will be a histric mment. As ________ is ften said, the shift t clean energy is nt nly necessary but als full f pprtunities.
定语从句解题核心要点：
1. 先行词判断法：先确定先行词是人还是物，再根据关系词在从句中充当的成分选择合适的关系词。
2. 关系代词与副词的区别：关系代词（wh, whm, which, that, whse）在从句中作主语、宾语或定语；关系副词（when, where, why）在从句中作状语。
3. 限制性 vs 非限制性：非限制性定语从句用逗号隔开，不可用that引导，常用which指代前面整句内容。
4. 介词+关系代词：介词的选择取决于先行词与介词的搭配或从句中动词的固定搭配。
5. 特殊结构：掌握as引导的非限制性定语从句（as is knwn t all, as is ften the case），以及, the 结构。
参考答案与核心解析
✅ 题型训练一 · 定语从句单句填空答案
1. whse 2. where/in which 3. why 4. whse 5. whm/that 6. that/which 7. whm/that 8. where/in which 9. that/which 10. whse 11. whse 12. which 13. that 14. that/which 15. that
✅ 题型训练二 · 句子翻译与表达答案
1. that/which / has 2. why / slved 3. As 4. where/in which / enjys 5. when / struggled 6. whse / was left 7. whm/that / are lking fr 8. which / bestseller 9. why / was late 10. whm/that / trust
✅ 题型训练三 · 语法填空答案与解析
Passage 1
1. wh (指人，作主语) 2. whse (指项目的结果，表示所属) 3. whse (指空间站的轨道) 4. wh/that (指科学家，作主语) 5. that/which (指里程碑) 6. when (指时间，作状语) 7. which (非限制性定语从句，指代前面整句)
Passage 2
1. which (指莫高窟) 2. which (指项目) 3. why (指原因) 4. which (指技术) 5. where (指虚拟博物馆，作地点状语) 6. that/which (指团队) 7. that/which (指例子)
Passage 3
1. that/which (指挑战) 2. whse (指中国的，表示所属) 3. where (指地区，作地点状语) 4. that/which (指政策) 5. that/which (指措施) 6. when (指时间，作状语) 7. as (as引导非限制性定语从句，意为“正如”)考点类型
关系词选择
关键规则
2026语境示例
关系代词
wh/whm
指人，wh作主语/宾语，whm作宾语
The scientist wh wn the award is frm China.
which
指物，作主语/宾语
The prject which was launched last year has succeeded.
that
指人或物，可替代wh/which（限制性）
This is the bk that I brrwed frm the library.
whse
表示所属关系，指人或物
The artist whse wrks are wrld-famus is cming.
关系副词
when
指时间，在从句中作状语
I still remember the day when we first met.
where
指地点，在从句中作状语
This is the lab where the experiment was cnducted.
why
指原因，先行词为reasn
Tell me the reasn why yu were absent.
特殊结构
介词+关系代词
介词提前，关系代词用which/whm
The cmpany in which he wrks is a tech giant.
as引导
as引导非限制性定语从句，意为“正如”
As is knwn t all, China is making great prgress.