高考英语二轮语法回顾与训练学案：定语从句（含答案）

高考二轮语法回顾与训练---定语从句

一、基本概念

1. 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。

2. 被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。

3. 引导定语从句的词叫关系词，它代替前面的先行词，且在定语从句中充当一个成分。它包括关系代词和关系副词。

The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman.

该句中，who is shaking hands with my father是定语从句，修饰先行词the man, “who”是引导定语从句的关系词，代替先行词the man, 在定语从句中作主语。

二、基本结构

先行词（名词、代词）+（关系代词、关系副词）+ 陈述句语序。

The reason (that) he gave for being late was just an excuse.

三、关系代词和关系副词的区别

关系代词（that / who / whom / whose / which / as）代替先行词在定语从句中做主语、宾语、表语、定语。

关系副词（when / where / why）代替先行词在定语从句中做时间状语、地点状语和原因状语，在有些情况下可分解成：介词+ which。

I’ll never forget the days which / that we spent in the remote village.

I’ll never forget the days when / during which we stayed in the remote village.

考点归纳

一、只能用that 不能用which的情况

1. 当先行词是“人 + 物”时，关系代词用that。

2. 先行词是不定代词（all / everything / something / anything / little / much / the one等）时，关系代词多用that。

3. 先行词被形容词最高级或序数词或限定词the only / the very / all / every / any / few / no等修饰时，关系代词一般用that，如果先行词指人也可以用who。

They talked of things and persons that they remembered in school.

Australia is the only country that is also a continent.

二、不能用that的情况

1. that不能引导非限定性定语从句。

2. 介词后不用that（介词后指人用whom，指物用which）。

Spam（垃圾邮件）, which once meant a not-so-good kind of canned meat, now stands for unwanted junk email. Spam曾经用来指不好的罐装肉，现在代表不想要的垃圾邮件。

John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of whom are family members.

三、whose引导的定语从句

whose可以指人或物，在定语从句中作定语，后跟名词。

whose + 名词 = 名词 + of which / whom = of which / whom + 名词

Look out! Don’t get close to the house whose roof is being repaired.

The teacher had a careful talk with Tom, the major problem of whom is poor study habits.

四、“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句中介词的选择。

在确定其中的介词时，可从以下三方面入手：

1. 句子的意思；2. 先行词的意义；3. 从句中的动词固定搭配。

He was educated at a local grammar school, after which he went on to Cambridge.

This is the farm on which he worked two years ago.

In the dark street there was not a single person to whom she could turn for help.

五、一些特殊的先行词

当situation, point, case, activity, scene, atmosphere, condition, stage及period, festival, occasion等作先行词时，要注意具体情况具体分析：先行词在从句中作主语、宾语和表语时，用关系代词that / which引导从句；先行词在从句中作状语时，用关系副词where / when或“介词 + which”引导从句，表示在某种特定的情形下。

I had reached a point in my career where I needed to decide which way to go.

What are some situations where body language is the only form of communication?

六、as 的用法

1. 用在固定搭配the same …as；as...as； such…as；so...as中。

This is the same bag as I lost last week.

This is such a difficult problem as I can’t work out.

2. as引导非限定性定语从句，意思为“正如”常见习惯用语有：

as often happens 正如经常发生的那样 

as is often the case 通常情况是这样

as is mentioned above 正如上面提到的 

as is known / as we know 众所周知

As is mentioned above, the number of senior high school students is increasing.

As I have pointed out, it is important to include vegetables in our diet.

七、注意way（方式）后接定语从句时的引导词

先行词是way，当引导词在从句中作状语时，关系词用in which, that或者省略；当引导词在从句中作主语或宾语时，用that/which引导（作宾语时，引导词也可以省略）。比较：

The way (that / which) he explained to us was quite simple. (把从句补充完整：he explained the way to us，可以看出引导词在从句中作explained的宾语。)

The way (that / in which) he explained the sentence was simple.(把从句补充完整：he explained the sentence in the way，可以看出引导词在从句中作状语。)

八、that引导同位语从句和定语从句的区别

在定语从句中，定语从句对先行词起修饰作用，引导词that在从句中作主语或宾语；在同位语从句中, 同位语从句对同位名词内容起解释说明作用，引导词that不作任何成份。

The idea that computers can recognize human voices surprises many people. （同位语从句）

The idea that he put forward surprises many people. （定语从句）

九、定语从句中的主谓一致

1. 关系代词作从句的主语时，从句中谓语动词的人称和数要与先行词保持一致，先行词是句子时，从句的谓语动词用单数。

2. “one of + 复数名词”作先行词时，关系代词在从句中作主语，从句的谓语动词常用复数，但当代词前有the, the only, the very等修饰时，从句的谓语动词用单数。

Titanic is the only of these wonderful movies that has been produced in Hollywood.

China Today attracts a worldwide readership, which shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.

强化训练

一、填空：在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

1. Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears, none of _________has been proved.

2. We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, _________the weather may be better.

3. I live next door to a couple _________children often make a lot of noise.

4. Many young people, most of _________were well-educated, _________ (head) for remote regions to chase their dreams.

5. It is a truly delightful place, _________looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages.

6. Opposite is St.Paul’s Church, _________you can hear some lovely music.

7. The number of smokers, _________is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.

8. The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere _________his employees enjoy their work.

9. Please send us all the information _________ you have about the candidate for the position.

10. Happiness and success often come to those _________are good at recognizing their own strengths.

11. I don’t become a serious climber until the fifth grade, _________I went up to rescue a kite that _________ (stick) in the branches of a tree.

12. He wrote a letter _________he explained what had happened in the accident.

13. He was generous with his time, _________ which I was very grateful.

14. One concern relates to a lack of control over _________appears on the Internet.

15. Researchers have discovered that “night milk” contains more melatonin(退黑激素), _________ has been proven to help people feel _________ (sleep) and reduce_________ (anxious)

二、改错：每句错误最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除和修改。

1. English is a language sharing by several diverse cultures, each of them uses it differently.

2. Students should involve themselves in community activities which they can gain experience for growth.

3. The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication, especial at work which a good impression is a must.

4. A company which profits from home markets is declining may seek opportunities abroad.

5. Finally he reached a lonely island where was completely cut off from the outside world.

6. There are three stage in study - preview, study in class and review, among them review is the most important.

7. It is not only a city with the long history but also has many places of interest, which you can enjoy yourself.

8. Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012, it made one of the Chinese people’s long-held dreams came true.

9. We woke up early and then walked on the country road, what was extremely quiet.

10. As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time which he should be able to be independence.

三、翻译。（用定语从句翻译下列各句）

1. 他把成功归功于那些经验丰富而又贴心的老师，从他们身上他不仅学到了知识，还学到了做一个优秀人才的艺术。

2. 接触不同文化真的是很好的经历。它一定会拓宽我们的视野甚至使我们未来的发展受益匪浅。

3. 这是一个很有用的网站，提供许多网上课程。

4. 在那个重大日子，二十个选自全国各地的优秀高中生将在体育馆就所给话题进行演讲。

5. 我校将举行一个中学生摄影展，主题是环境保护。

6. 最后，使用移动设备会减少纸的使用，这对环境有好处。

7. 最后，我要表示对主办方的真诚感谢。没有他我们不可能有这么宝贵的经历。

8. 另外，你们的技艺精湛，对中国学生印象深刻。

9. 竞赛按计划在下午四点开始，将持续一个小时，在此期间有六位选手将轮流比赛。

10. 你在上封信中提到的几个栏目正是我爱。

11. 开幕式上会有各种节目展示，包括舞蹈、唱歌和一场足球秀，旨在培养我们对足球的兴趣。

参考答案：

一、填空

1. which  2. when  3. whose  4. whom, headed  5. which  6. where  7. as  8. where  9. that  10. who 11. when; was stuck  12. where / in which  13. for  14. what  15. which; sleepy; anxiety

二、改错

1. sharing - shared; them - which     

2. which - where 

3. especial - especially; which - where  

4. which - whose; is - are  

5. where - which        

6. stage - stages; them - which

7. the - a; which - where       

8. it - which; came - come

9. what - which         

10. which - when; independence - independent

三、翻译（用定语从句翻译下列各句）

1. He owed his success to those experienced and thoughtful/considerate teachers, from whom he learned not only knowledge, but the art of being an excellent person.

2. Being exposed to diverse cultures is really a great experience, which definitely extends our horizons and even benefits our future development a lot.

3. It is a helpful website where a variety of online courses are provided.

4. On the big day, twenty outstanding/distinguished high school students who have been selected from all parts of China will deliver their speeches on the given topic in the stadium.

5. Our school is scheduled to hold a High School Student Photography Show, the theme of which is environmental protection.

6. Finally, using mobile devices will reduce the use of paper, which will be good for the environment.

7. Last but not least, I’d like to express my sincere gratitude to the host, without whom we couldn’t have had the valuable experience.

8. In addition, your art skills are excellent and admirable, which are really impressive to us Chinese students.

9. The contest is scheduled to start at 4:00 pm and lasts about an hour, during which time six participants will compete in turn.

10. Some of the columns which/that you mentioned in your last letter are my cup of tea.

11. There will be all kinds of programmes in the opening ceremony, including dancing, singing and a football talent show, the purpose of which is to develop our interest in football.