北京市东城区2025届高三英语下学期一模试题含解析

这是一份北京市东城区2025届高三英语下学期一模试题含解析，文件包含2026高考数学专题复习之历年真题分类汇编_专题五一元函数的导数及其应用教师版docx、2026高考数学专题复习之历年真题分类汇编_专题五一元函数的导数及其应用学生版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共167页， 欢迎下载使用。
第一节 完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Rebecca remembers the first time she was upset by the sight f hundreds f rses. It was after a wedding receptin last year as she was cleaning up the rm.
“Nbdy had ____1____ fr what t d with all f the flwers after the wedding. We cllected as many as we culd in ur cars, but there were s many left ver. When we were thrwing all these rses int trash bags, I felt ____2____ abut the waste,” said Rebecca.
Late last year, Rebecca and her friend Laura Ruth bth were murning (悼念) their fathers when they began talking abut the flwers that they received. The flwers were a ____3____, but made them think abut the natinwide prblem f flral waste. Then, they started a nnprfit, Friendly City Flrals, t reuse flwers ____4____ frm weddings and flral shps in the area. “We’ve put the ____5____ ut everywhere that if yu have t many flwers and dn’t knw what t d with them, we’ll ____6____ them ff yur hands,” Rebecca said.
They nw devte several days a week t picking up flwers, freshening and delivering them t senir care hmes, hspitals and schls in their area. The dnated flwers are ____7____ welcme at the Cmmunity Retirement Centre. “It’s a ____8____ way t give ur residents jy and purpse. Seeing all thse flwers instantly brightens up their day,” the centre’s manager said.
Rebecca and Laura are nt the first t ____9____ flwers: A Virginia dctr cllects flwers and dnates them t her hspital patients. But the pair hpe the idea ____10____ even mre arund the cuntry.
“If ur flwers give ne persn a few mments f happiness n a difficult day, then it’s all wrthwhile,” Rebecca said.
1. A. paidB. appliedC. hpedD. planned
2. A. cnfusedB. impatientC. terribleD. curius
3. A. symblB. cmfrtC. reminderD. wnder
4. A. purchasedB. brrwedC. separatedD. dnated
5. A. wrdB. signalC. effrtD. task
6. A. setB. takeC. hldD. keep
7. A. stillB. alreadyC. alwaysD. even
8. A. funnyB. creativeC. traditinalD. frmal
9. A. exhibitB. preserveC. harvestD. repurpse
10. A. catches nB. cmes upC. runs ffD. stands ut
【答案】1. D 2. C 3. B 4. D 5. A 6. B 7. C 8. B 9. D 10. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Rebecca和Laura创立非营利组织重新利用婚礼等剩余鲜花的故事。
【1题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：没有人计划好婚礼后怎么处理这些花。A. paid支付；B. applied申请；C. hped希望；D. planned计划。根据后文“fr what t d with all f the flwers after the wedding”可知，没有人计划好婚礼后怎么处理花，故选D。
【2题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我们把所有的玫瑰扔进垃圾袋时，我为这种浪费感到难过。A. cnfused困惑的；B. impatient不耐烦的；C. terrible糟糕的；D. curius好奇的。根据前文“When we were thrwing all these rses int trash bags”和后文“abut the waste”可知，作者为浪费感到难过。故选C。
【3题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些花是一种安慰，但也让他们想到了全国性的花卉浪费问题。A. symbl象征；B. cmfrt安慰；C. reminder提醒；D. wnder奇迹。根据上文“Rebecca and her friend Laura Ruth bth were murning (悼念) their fathers when they began talking abut the flwers that they received.”可知，这些花是在悼念父亲时收到的，是一种安慰。故选B。
【4题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后，他们创办了一个非营利组织Friendly City Flrals，重新利用当地婚礼和花店捐赠的鲜花。A. purchased购买；B. brrwed借来；C. separated分开；D. dnated捐赠。根据后文“frm weddings and flral shps in the area”以及第7空前“The dnated flwers”可知，这些花是当地婚礼和花店捐赠的。故选D。
【5题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们已经到处宣传，如果你有太多的花，不知道如何处理它们，我们会帮你处理。A. wrd话语；B. signal信号；C. effrt努力；D. task任务。根据后文“ut everywhere that if yu have t many flwers and dn’t knw what t d with them”可知，这里指到处宣传如何处理花，put the wrd ut表示“放出风声，宣传”。故选A。
【6题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们已经到处宣传，如果你有太多的花，不知道如何处理它们，我们会帮你处理。A. set设置；B. take带走；C. hld持有；D. keep保持。根据后文“them ff yur hands”可知，这里指帮助处理花，take sth. ff ne’s hands表示“替某人处理某事”。故选B。
【7题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：捐赠的鲜花在社区退休中心总是很受欢迎。A. still仍然；B. already已经；C. always总是；D. even甚至。根据后文“Seeing all thse flwers instantly brightens up their day”可知，捐赠的鲜花在社区退休中心总是很受欢迎。故选C。
【8题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这是一种让我们的居民感到快乐和有意义的创造性方式。A. funny有趣的；B. creative创造性的；C. traditinal传统的；D. frmal正式的。根据后文“way t give ur residents jy and purpse”可知， 把剩下或捐赠的鲜花送给居民是一种创造性的方式。故选B。
【9题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Rebecca和Laura并不是第一个重新利用鲜花的人：弗吉尼亚州的一位医生收集鲜花并捐赠给她的医院病人。A. exhibit展览；B. preserve保存；C. harvest收获；D. repurpse重新利用。根据后文“A Virginia dctr cllects flwers and dnates them t her hspital patients”可知，此处指重新利用鲜花。故选D。
【10题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：但这对搭档希望这个想法能在全国范围内流行起来。A. catches n变得流行；B. cmes up走近；C. runs ff逃跑；D. stands ut突出。根据后文“even mre arund the cuntry”指希望这个想法能在全国范围内流行起来。故选A。
第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。
After a weekend trip, my friend and I ____11____ (drive) hme when a blue car suddenly pulled up beside us at a stplight. A wman and her little daughter excitedly tld us shes had flwn ____12____ ur car! We realized ur ther friend must have left them n the rf. We thanked them and went back t search, ____13____ we culdn’t find the shes until the same car reappeared! These kind strangers had circled back, ____14____ (spt) shes and even picking them up fr us. Their unexpected effrt t help us ut made ur day.
【答案】11. were driving
12. ff 13. but
14. sptting
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者和朋友在回家路上得到陌生人帮助找回鞋子的故事。
【11题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：周末旅行后，我和朋友正开车回家，这时一辆蓝色轿车突然在红绿灯旁停在我们旁边。这里是“be ”结构，意为“正在做……这时……”，根据语境可知事情发生在过去，所以用过去进行时，表示 “我和朋友当时正在开车”，主语my friend and I为复数，be动词用were。故填were driving。
【12题详解】
考查副词。句意：一位女士和她的小女儿兴奋地告诉我们，鞋子从我们的车上飞出去了！fly ff是固定短语，意为“飞落；掉落”，这里表示鞋子从车上掉落下来，符合语境。故填ff。
【13题详解】
考查连词。句意：我们谢过他们，然后回去找，但是直到那辆车再次出现我们才找到鞋子！“We thanked them and went back t search”和“we culdn’t find the shes until the same car reappeared”之间是转折关系，前面说去寻找，后面说没找到，直到那辆车再次出现，所以用连词but连接。故填but。
【14题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：这些善良的陌生人又绕了回来，发现了鞋子，甚至帮我们捡了起来。句子谓语动词是circled back，空格处填入非谓语动词和picking up并列，作状语，动词spt与其逻辑主语These kind strangers之间是主动关系，应用现在分词形式。故填sptting。
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。
Researchers have discvered that dgs can identify the vices f different members f their human family. The research team tested 31 pet dgs. Three human caretakers f each dg ____15____ (ask) t recrd their vices. Then they sat quietly in frnt f the dg while the recrding played. The dgs usually apprached — r at least spent mre time lking at — the persn ____16____ vice they heard. Experts hpe t study whether ther mammals have this skill, s they can better understand ____17____ different species learn t cmmunicate with each ther.
【答案】15. were asked
16. whse 17. hw
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了研究发现狗能识别主人声音及后续研究期望。
【15题详解】
考查动词时态和语态。句意：每只狗的三位人类照顾者被要求录制他们的声音。结合前文的tested可知，此处表示过去发生的动作，且动词ask与主语Three human caretakers之间是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为复数，be动词用were。故填were asked。
【16题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：这些狗通常会靠近——或者至少花更多时间看着——它们听到声音的那个人。空格处引导定语从句，修饰先行词the persn，且关系词在从句中作定语，修饰vice，应用关系代词whse。故填whse。
【17题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：专家们希望研究其他哺乳动物是否也有这种技能，以便他们能更好地理解不同物种是如何学会相互交流的。空格处引导宾语从句，且从句中缺少方式状语，表示“如何”，应用连接副词hw。故填hw。
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。
AI and learning have a pwerful and cllabrative relatinship. AI acts as a smart tl, persnalizing lessns ____18____ (match) each student’s pace and needs, which makes learning mre effective. It als supprts teachers by autmating tasks like grading, allwing them t fcus mre n instructin and student interactin.
Hwever, it is imprtant t use AI respnsibly — it shuld cmplement, nt replace, the rle f teachers and students. Ensuring ____19____ (fair), privacy, and ethical use is essential. When ____20____ (use) wisely, AI can transfrm educatin fr the better.
【答案】18. t match
19. fairness
20. used
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了AI与学习的关系及其在教育中的合理应用。
【18题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：人工智能充当一个智能工具，通过个性化课程来匹配每个学生的学习节奏和需求，这使得学习更加有效。此处需用动词不定式作目的状语，表示“为了匹配每个学生的学习节奏和需求”。故填t match。
【19题详解】
考查名词。句意：确保公平、隐私和道德使用是至关重要的。空处需用名词作动词Ensuring的宾语，fair的名词为fairness，表示“公平”，是不可数名词。故填fairness。
【20题详解】
考查状语从句的省略。句意：当被明智地使用时，人工智能能够让教育变得更好。“When____ (use) wisely”是when引导的时间状语从句的省略结构，完整形式为：When it (指 AI) is used wisely，省略了主语it和be动词is。故填used。
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，38分）
第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
The app stre is flded with astrnmy-based apps that can help guide yu twards celestial (天体的) wnders. But what if yu’re ready t lk deeper int the night sky using a telescpe? Nbdy wants t make a big investment, and then aimlessly scan the stars trying t find an bject. Help is needed. Thankfully, there is a slutin t that.
Celestar is a leader in the wrld f telescpes and its StarSmart Explrer app and dck have been designed t run n its telescpes. The free StarSmart Explrer app uses infrmatin based n precise lcatin and time t tell yu which stars and planets can be seen in the night sky.
Hw it wrks
Cnnect the phne with the telescpe and select yur intended celestial target. The phne will be held ver an integrated mirrr, s that star patterns can reflect ff the mirrr and int the phne’s camera. StarSmart Explrer prcesses the infrmatin and yur telescpe will adjust accrdingly, placing the target in the middle.
As well as lcating yur desired target, StarSmart Explrer hlds detailed infrmatin abut yur chsen bject. Listen t an audi presentatin while yu bserve. The app will even give yu bserving tips n hw t get the best view.
Why it’s special
Mst astrnmy apps use a smartphne’s cmpass t estimate its psitin. The pinting accuracy f a smartphne has margin fr errr. Precisin matters when it cmes t stargazing.
StarSmart Explrer is the nly astrnmy app t use mdern plate slving technlgy t find its target, and it claims a typical pinting accuracy f 0.25°. The app takes a picture f the night sky and matches the star pattern within the image t its internal database. It’s similar, in essence, t facial recgnitin.
Plate slving wuld nrmally require specialised technlgy, such as sensitive imaging camera, lens and astrnmical sftware, all at great cst. The StarSmart Explrer app is free and wrks well with StarSmart Explrer telescpes, starting frm £299.99.
If yu’re ready t take a deeper dive int astrnmy, Celestar’s StarSmart Explrer technlgy will make a fine cmpanin. Yu can discver mre at
21. StarSmart Explrer can help ________.
A. decide bservatin duratinB. lcate stars precisely
C. recrd infrmatin n starsD. find unknwn planets
22. StarSmart Explrer is unique because________
A. it matches different types f telescpes
B. it uses a smartphne’s built-in cmpass
C. it is pwered by advanced technlgy
D. it is equipped with the latest database
23. What is the purpse f this passage?
A. T intrduce a set f equipment.B. T prmte a stargazing prduct.
C. T recmmend a science prject.D. T present an astrnmical discvery.
【答案】21. B 22. C 23. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了Celestar的StarSmart Explrer应用程序及其功能。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“The free StarSmart Explrer app uses infrmatin based n precise lcatin and time t tell yu which stars and planets can be seen in the night sky.(免费的StarSmart Explrer应用程序使用基于精确位置和时间的信息来告诉你哪些恒星和行星可以在夜空中看到)”以及第六段中“StarSmart Explrer is the nly astrnmy app t use mdern plate slving technlgy t find its target, and it claims a typical pinting accuracy f 0.25°.(StarSmart Explrer是唯一一款使用现代板解技术来寻找目标的天文应用程序，它声称典型的指向精度为0.25°)”可知，StarSmart Explrer可以帮助精确地定位恒星。故选B。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据Why it’s special标题下第二段“StarSmart Explrer is the nly astrnmy app t use mdern plate slving technlgy t find its target(StarSmart Explrer 是唯一一款使用现代星图识别技术来找到目标的天文应用程序)”以及第三段“Plate slving wuld nrmally require specialised technlgy, such as sensitive imaging camera, lens and astrnmical sftware, all at great cst. The StarSmart Explrer app is free and wrks well with StarSmart Explrer telescpes(星图识别通常需要专业技术，如灵敏的成像相机、镜头和天文软件，所有这些都成本高昂。而 StarSmart Explrer 应用程序是免费的，并且与 StarSmart Explrer 望远镜配合得很好)” 可知，StarSmart Explrer的独特之处在于它使用了先进的技术。故选C。
【23题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“If yu’re ready t take a deeper dive int astrnmy, Celestar’s StarSmart Explrer technlgy will make a fine cmpanin. Yu can discver mre at (如果你准备更深入地探索天文学，Celestar 的 StarSmart Explrer 技术将是一个很好的伙伴。你可以在上了解更多信息)”结合文章主要介绍了Celestar的StarSmart Explrer天文观测应用的特点和优势，可推知，这篇文章的目的是推广一款观星产品。故选B。
B
I was in a tiny plane with skydivers in their 70s and 80s, and I was distracted.
The reprter in me was trying t remember everything: the preflight rituals (仪式); the jkes; the way the jumpers checked their instruments. The rest f me was fcused n the fact that in a few minutes, I wuld jump ut f a plane flying 12,500 feet abve the grund.
I was reprting n West Ways, a grup f skydivers in their late 50s t early 90s. The grup was started in 1987 by Ms. West and her husband, and members have jumped tgether abut nce a mnth ever since. This Sunday, they were celebrating their hliday party, which included a gift exchange and a 28-pint frmatin in free fall.
As we reached altitude, Mr. West went ver the jump frmatin nce mre befre leading the grup in a cheer fr my jump. It was time. One by ne they jumped. In the air, they grabbed hld f ne anther, frming the shape f a snwflake.
Then it was my turn. Mr. Diaz edged me frward. I tk a deep breath. And n the cunt f three, we leaped int free fall. I had never been s aware f my senses: I felt the cld air against my face and the wind pushing back my arms and legs. After a few secnds, I was able t lk arund. After a few minutes, we landed. The members f West Ways cheered and clapped me n the back as I tried t catch my breath.
Over the next six hurs, I interviewed them as they did tw mre jumps. (I stayed firmly n the grund.) I heard tales abut first kisses in free fall and parachuting (跳伞) int weddings. What struck me wasn’t the extrardinary physical accmplishment, but hw a lng-standing, active cmmunity ffers a way fr thse in it t age gracefully.
I dn’t knw whether I’ll skydive again. But I hpe that when I’m 80, I can regularly experience a suspensin f time with peple I’ve knwn fr decades, befre we parachute back dwn t earth.
24. What d we knw abut West Ways?
A. They make jumping a rutine.
B. They are well trained prfessinals.
C. They set an age limit t new members.
D. They are famus fr their diving patterns.
25. Why did the authr jin West Ways that day?
A. T celebrate a hliday.B. T try a sprt.
C. T care fr the elderly.D. T cver a stry.
26. What impressed the authr mst abut West Ways?
A Their ptimistic attitude.B. Their lifelng bnd.
C. Their physical achievements.D. Their remarkable skills.
【答案】24. A 25. D 26. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者参与跳伞并采访老年跳伞团体的经历，并感悟其成员间深厚情谊的故事。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“The grup was started in 1987 by Ms. West and her husband, and members have jumped tgether abut nce a mnth ever since. (这个团体是1987年由韦斯特女士和她的丈夫创立的，从那以后，成员们大约每月一起跳伞一次。)” 可知，West Ways把跳伞作为了一种常规活动。故选A。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“The reprter in me was trying t remember everything (我作为记者那部分自我努力记住一切)”以及第三段“I was reprting n West Ways, a grup f skydivers in their late 50s t early 90s. (我正在报道West Ways，一个由 50 多岁到 90 岁出头的跳伞者组成的团体。)”以及后文对跳伞活动的详细描述可知，作者那天加入West Ways是为了报道一个故事。故选D。
26题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“What struck me wasn’t the extrardinary physical accmplishment, but hw a lng-standing, active cmmunity ffers a way fr thse in it t age gracefully. (让我印象深刻的不是他们非凡的身体成就，而是一个长期活跃的社区如何为其中的成员提供一种优雅老去的方式。)”以及最后一段中“But I hpe that when I’m 80, I can regularly experience a suspensin f time with peple I’ve knwn fr decades, befre we parachute back dwn t earth. (但我希望当我 80 岁的时候，我能经常和我认识了几十年的人一起体验时间的暂停，然后我们再跳伞回到地面。)”可知，作者最印象深刻的是West Ways成员之间那种终生的联系和情谊。故选B。
C
Anyne with insmnia knws the impatience and frustratin that accmpanies sleeplessness. Yu lng fr a buttn that culd instantly dampen all that mental activity.The idea f a mental switch is nt far-fetched. Mst neurscientists nw agree that ur wakefulness is crdinated by a tiny bundle f neurns (一小束神经元) knwn as the “lcus ceruleus” (LC), Latin fr “blue dt”.
It is a literal descriptin: the neurns in the lcus ceruleus have the blue clur frm the prductin f a particular neurtransmitter, called nrepinephrine. Nrepinephrine raises the chance that a neurn will “fire” with an electric current. When they becme active, cells in the lcus ceruleus pass bundles f this neurtransmitter alng their prjectins t ther regins f the brain-enhancing the cmmunicatin between the neurns in that area.
There are slight differences in the prcess. Depending n the types f receptrs they have, sme neurns are mre sensitive t smaller amunts f nrepinephrine, while thers nly respnd t higher threshlds. This means that, as the lcus ceruleus activity rises, it will start t affect sme brain areas mre than thers, which can have dramatic effects n things like ur fcus, cncentratin and creativity.
Given the blue dt’s rle, it makes sense that it wuld be quietest at night during sleep. It is nt entirely silent, hwever, but fires ccasinally-and recent research by Anita Lüthi at the University f Lausanne suggests that this activity may determine the quality f ur sleeps.
Acrss the night, we alternate between different sleep stages. There is “rapid eye mvement” (REM) sleep, which is assciated with vivid dreaming and is thught t be crucial fr prcessing and cnslidating memries. Much f ur rest, hwever,is spent in nn-REM (NREM) sleep, during which the brain may engage in a deep clean, clearing away cellular waste.
Measuring brain activity in dzing mice, Anita fund NREM sleep was assciated with temprary bursts f lcus ceruleus activity every 50 secnds. As a result, the animal was mre sensitive t utside stimuli, like nises-withut fully waking. “It’s generating this state f enhanced vigilance (警觉),” Anita says. “It really gives yu this idea that wakefulness can be graded in the brain.”
The beginning f REM sleep was almst always assciated with lw lcus ceruleus activity. “That transitin t REM sleep has t be very well cntrlled,” says Anita, “because in REM sleep, we have atnia.” That’s the temprary paralysis (麻痹) f ur bdy, which prevents us frm physically acting ut ur dreams.
Anita emphasises that her experiments were cnducted in mice, s we still need t cnfirm that the blue dt plays a similar rle in human sleep. If s, she suspects that altered lcus ceruleus activity culd be implicated in cnditins — such as anxiety — that may cntribute t disrdered sleep. She fund that expsing her labratry mice t mild surces f stress — such as kncking n their cage — raised the blue dt’s activity and increased their vigilance thrughut the night, resulting in fragmented sleep.
27. What des the underlined wrd “they” in Paragraph 2 refer t?
A. Neurns.B. Electric currents.
C. Prjectins.D. Neurtransmitters.
28. Accrding t the passage, what is the rle f the LC?
A. Prducing receptrs.B. Preserving cell sensitivity.
C. Mnitring brain activity.D. Imprving neural cnnectivity.
29. Which f the fllwing may Anita Lüthi agree with?
A. The blue dt fires regularly at night.
B. Stress has an impact n the LC activity.
C. Lw LC activity can help clean cellular waste.
D. Atnia results frm sudden bursts f brain activity.
30. What might be the next step f the research?
A. Grading the wakefulness f human brains.
B. Unlcking the mechanism f sleep disrder.
C. Assessing the functin f the blue dt n humans.
D. Identifying appraches t altering the LC activity.
【答案】27. A 28. D 29. B 30. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了蓝斑核在睡眠和觉醒中的作用及其相关研究。
【27题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第二段“It is a literal descriptin: the neurns in the lcus ceruleus have the blue clur frm the prductin f a particular neurtransmitter, called nrepinephrine. Nrepinephrine raises the chance that a neurn will ‘fire’ with an electric current. When they becme active, cells in the lcus ceruleus pass bundles f this neurtransmitter alng their prjectins t ther regins f the brain-enhancing the cmmunicatin between the neurns in that area.(这是一个直白的描述：蓝斑核中的神经元因产生一种名为去甲肾上腺素的特殊神经递质而呈现蓝色。去甲肾上腺素增加了神经元通过电流 “放电” 的可能性。当它们变得活跃时，蓝斑核中的细胞会沿着它们的投射将这种神经递质束传递到大脑的其他区域，从而增强该区域神经元之间的交流)”可知，“they”指代的是前文中提到的“the neurns in the lcus ceruleus”，即“Neurns(神经元)”。故选A。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“When they becme active, cells in the lcus ceruleus pass bundles f this neurtransmitter alng their prjectins t ther regins f the brain-enhancing the cmmunicatin between the neurns in that area.(当它们变得活跃时，蓝斑核中的细胞会沿着它们的突起将一束束这种神经递质传递到大脑的其他区域，增强该区域神经元之间的通信)”可知，蓝斑核（LC）的作用是改善神经连接，增强神经元之间的通信。故选D。
【29题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“She fund that expsing her labratry mice t mild surces f stress — such as kncking n their cage — raised the blue dt’s activity and increased their vigilance thrughut the night, resulting in fragmented sleep.(她发现，让实验小鼠暴露于轻微的压力源下，比如敲它们的笼子，会提高蓝斑核的活动水平，并增加它们整晚的警觉性，导致睡眠碎片化)”可知，Anita Lüthi可能会同意B选项“压力对蓝斑核活动有影响”。故选B。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Anita emphasises that her experiments were cnducted in mice, s we still need t cnfirm that the blue dt plays a similar rle in human sleep.(Anita强调，她的实验是在小鼠身上进行的，所以我们仍然需要确认蓝斑核在人类睡眠中是否扮演类似的角色)”可知，下一步的研究可能是评估蓝斑核在人类身上的功能。故选C。
D
Years after my art histry class, I am insufferable at museums. “That’s definitely a Matisse,” I say. “Yu can telI because f the brushwrk and the use f clur.” Smetimes it is nt a Matisse but ftentimes it is.
It is unsettling t learn, then, that fr all f my carefully wn art appreciatin, I am in danger f being surpassed by an insect. In a recent study, hneybees — whse brains are the size f grass seeds — were shwn Picasss and Mnets paired side by side. Belw the prints were tw small cntainers, ne cntaining sugar water and the ther nthing at all.
Which t enter? Bees culdn’t see r smell whether a given cntainer held the treat until they’d already flwn inside it. But they culd let the masterpieces guide them: fr sme bees, the reward was always under the Picass, while fr the rest it was under the Mnet. Over the curse f many trials, the bees learned t fly straight fr the crrect cntainer. Indeed, they even perfrmed slightly better than chance when faced with pairs f paintings they’d never seen befre. The bees had learned t discriminate, hwever mdestly, between the tw artists’ styles.
T be sure, humans still have the edge. Last year a team f researchers led by Liane Gabra fund that art students were perfectly capable f identifying which well-knwn artist was behind which unknwn painting. Creative writing students were similarly excellent at sptting little-read passages by Hemingway r Dickens — a skill I can nly assume n hneybee has yet demnstrated.
Even mre impressively, thugh, the students culd recgnize as-yet-unseen samples f each ther’s wrk, including wrk in entirely different mediums. Creative writers culd identify their fellw writers’ paintings and sketches; painters had a pretty gd idea wh’d brught which pem r clay pt.
It’s clear what the bees were ding: picking up and categrizing cmplex visual patterns in the pairs f images. But recgnizing differences acrss mediums is altgether different. Whether we’re writing pems r building sculptures, Gabra argues, we’re ding s with the same mind: ne that structures infrmatin in the same way, has been shaped by the same experiences, and lngs t express the same ideas. Naturally, ur techniques and preccupatins in ne dmain shuld “ut” us in anther.
But still I wnder: Just what abut these techniques and preccupatins did the trick? The researchers did their best t keep subject matter frm ruling the day by instructing, fr instance, artists wh happened t be surfers nt t bring in art that depicted (描绘) surfing. But what f less bvius subject matter — like Western landscapes? And what f the bsessins that cme int ur wrk unawares? A crrelatinal study like this ne will nt answer these questins.
Perhaps my biggest questin has t d with peple wh dn’t identify as artists, and haven’t settled — r at least wuld claim s-n a persnal style. Are their creatins als a reflectin f their wrldview? It seems likely that, at least t sme extent, bad art is all alike, while nly gd art is gd in its wn way.
31. Why des the authr mentin bees?
A. T present an example.B. T put frward a thery.
C. T draw ut a cmparisn.D. T highlight a research finding.
32. Why des the authr think humans still have the edge?
A. Because we can transfer ur experiences.
B. Because we can discriminate styles.
C. Because we can categrize patterns.
D. Because we can learn frm trials.
33. What des the underlined wrd “ut” in Paragraph 6 prbably mean?
A. Assist.B. Trick.C. Beat.D. Expse.
34 What might be the best title fr the passage?
A. Will Bees Beat Humans?
B. Hw Will Yu View a View?
C. Why Gd Art Wrks Wnders?
D. What Makes Hemingway Hemingway?
【答案】31. C 32. A 33. D 34. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了蜜蜂识别画作与人类艺术鉴赏能力的对比及思考。
【31题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“It is unsettling t learn, then, that fr all f my carefully wn art appreciatin, I am in danger f being surpassed by an insect. In a recent study, hneybees — whse brains are the size f grass seeds — were shwn Picasss and Mnets paired side by side.(然而，令人不安的是，尽管我精心培养了对艺术的鉴赏力，但我却有可能被一种昆虫超越。在最近的一项研究中，蜜蜂——它们的大脑只有草籽大小——被展示了毕加索和莫奈的画作，并排摆放在一起)”可知，作者提到蜜蜂是为了与人类进行艺术鉴赏能力的对比。故选C。
【32题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段中“Last year a team f researchers led by Liane Gabra fund that art students were perfectly capable f identifying which well-knwn artist was behind which unknwn painting. Creative writing students were similarly excellent at sptting little-read passages by Hemingway r Dickens — a skill I can nly assume n hneybee has yet demnstrated.(去年，由Liane Gabra领导的一个研究小组发现，艺术专业的学生完全有能力分辨出哪幅画背后是哪位知名艺术家。创意写作专业的学生同样擅长发现海明威或狄更斯的小片段——我只能假设蜜蜂还没有表现出这种技能)”以及第五段“Even mre impressively, thugh, the students culd recgnize as-yet-unseen samples f each ther’s wrk, including wrk in entirely different mediums.(然而，更令人印象深刻的是，学生们能够识别出彼此尚未见过的作品样本，包括完全不同媒介的作品)”可知，作者认为人类仍然有优势是因为人类能够转移经验，识别不同艺术家的风格和跨媒介的作品。其中，A选项“因为我们可以转移我们的经验”最全面地概括了这一点。故选A。
【33题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第六段中“Whether we’re writing pems r building sculptures, Gabra argues, we’re ding s with the same mind: ne that structures infrmatin in the same way, has been shaped by the same experiences, and lngs t express the same ideas. Naturally, ur techniques and preccupatins in ne dmain shuld ‘ut’ us in anther.(Gabra认为，无论我们是写诗还是建造雕塑，我们都是用同样的思维去做的：这种思维方式以同样的方式组织信息，受到同样的经验塑造，渴望表达同样的想法。自然而然地，我们在一个领域的技术和关注点应该会在另一个领域‘ut’我们)”可知，此处ut意为“暴露，揭示”，即我们在一个领域的技术和关注点会揭示我们在另一个领域的身份或特点。D选项“Expse(暴露)”与此意思相符。故选D。
【34题详解】
主旨大意题。文章通过讲述蜜蜂和人类在艺术方面的能力，重点强调了人类在艺术创作中独特的思维方式、经历等因素会体现在作品中，让作品具有独特的风格，就像海明威的作品具有海明威独特的风格一样。D选项“What Makes Hemingway Hemingway?(是什么让海明威成为海明威？)”，可以引申为是什么让艺术家的作品具有独特风格，符合文章主旨。故选D。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Vice ntes are a highly divisive medium f cmmunicatin. There are thse,like me, wh enjy bth leaving and listening t them; and then there are thse wh dislike them and feel very strngly abut that. ____35____ A pll fund that 62% f Americans have sent vice ntes, and abut 30% cmmunicate this way n a regular basis. But even the vice nte lvers amng us have ur limits. All f us knw a vice nte bre. And it is time t establish sme grund rules.
The first rule: nly ever leave vice ntes fr smene that yu are cnfident likes yu. ____36____ It is als smewhat self-indulgent (我行我素)．While a spt f self-indulgence can be healthy, it is unreasnable t expect smene wh dislikes yu t indulge yu.
Never give cmplicated instructins in a vice nte. ____37____ If yu end up leaving a lng vice nte that cntains a mixture f key infrmatin and ther bits, fllw it up with a text that gives the ther persn the imprtant stuff, s they're nt frced t listen straight away.
____38____ Leaving a vice nte that is under 10 secnds lng-unless yu are funny r the ther persn likes yu-is annying. Type it ut instead.
Fllw the ther persn's cues. If they are respnding t yur eight-minute specials with ne-minute vice messages, take the hint. Als, if yur message is lnger than abut fur minutes, yu shuld be pen t the pssibility that the ther persn is ging t take a lng time t listen and respnd. If yur message is upwards f 10 minutes, they might never listen t it. ____39____
All yu need d, really, is remember t use a bit f cmmn sense. Mdern innvatins need nt negate gd ld-fashined manners.
A. Be at peace with that.
B. Be respnsive and infrmative.
C. Yu need nt keep yur messages t shrt.
D. It seems the haters are lsing the battle, thugh.
E. A vice nte is a demand n smene else's time.
F. It suggests limiting vice ntes t less than tw minutes.
G. These shuld be typed ut s the ther persn can refer back.
【答案】35. D 36. E 37. G 38. C 39. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了语音消息的现状及使用的一些规则。
【35题详解】
由上文“There are thse, like me, wh enjy bth leaving and listening t them; and then there are thse wh dislike them and feel very strngly abut that.(有些人，比如我，既喜欢发语音也喜欢听语音；然后还有那些非常不喜欢语音的人)”可知，本空要说跟人们对语音信息的不同态度有关的话题，D选项“It seems the haters are lsing the battle, thugh.(然而，似乎那些讨厌语音信息的人正在输掉这场战斗)”承接上文，符合题意，haters呼应上文的thse wh dislike them。故选D。
【36题详解】
由上文“The first rule: nly ever leave vice ntes fr smene that yu are cnfident likes yu.(第一条规则：只给你确信喜欢你的人发语音信息)”可知，本空要说跟发语音信息有关的话题，E选项“A vice nte is a demand n smene else's time.(语音信息是对别人时间的一种占用)”承接上文，解释了为什么要只给喜欢自己的人发语音信息，符合题意。故选E。
【37题详解】
由上文“Never give cmplicated instructins in a vice nte.(永远不要在语音信息中给出复杂的指示)”可知，本空要说跟不要在语音信息中给出复杂指示有关的话题，G选项“These shuld be typed ut s the ther persn can refer back.(这些应该打出来，以便对方可以回头参考)”承接上文，对上文进行了进一步解释，these指代cmplicated instructins。故选G。
【38题详解】
由下文“Leaving a vice nte that is under 10 secnds lng-unless yu are funny r the ther persn likes yu-is annying. Type it ut instead.(除非你有趣或者对方喜欢你，否则留下一条不到10秒的语音信息是令人讨厌的。相反，把它打出来)”可知，本空要说跟语音信息时长有关的话题，C选项“Yu need nt keep yur messages t shrt.(你不必把信息留得太短)”引出下文，符合题意，下文是对该选项的进一步说明。故选C。
【39题详解】
由上文“If yur message is upwards f 10 minutes, they might never listen t it.(如果你的信息超过10分钟，他们可能永远不会听)”可知，本空要说跟对方不听长语音信息有关的话题，A选项“Be at peace with that.(平静地接受这一点吧)”承接上文，符合题意，that指代上文提到的对方可能不听长语音信息的情况。故选A。
第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32分）
第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
Picture this: Yur team is racing against time t submit a new prpsal. Yu finally manage t put all the dcuments tgether. The prpsal lks great and yu’re cnfident that yu’ll prbably win it. A week later, yu get an email: “We really liked yur prpsal, but we fund a mistake in it. S...” Yu’re frustrated and angry. Yu call yur team in, blame them fr nt checking the dcuments carefully, and strm ut f the rm. What’s the pssible result? Yur team prbably thinks yu’re thankless and unkind. Yur relatinship may be damaged.
A study shws that the brain respnds mre strngly t bad experiences than gd nes. The authrs cncluded that, “Gd can nly match r vercme bad by strength f numbers.” Hw much gd can vercme bad? Five psitive experiences are abut equal t ne negative ne.
We are all naturally wired t blame ther peple r circumstances when things g wrng. This is partially psychlgical, driven by the fundamental attributin bias. We tend t believe that what peple d reflects wh they are, rather than cnsidering there may be ther factrs influencing their behaviur.
There is als a bilgical explanatin. Recent research shws that psitive events are prcessed by the prefrntal crtex (大脑皮层)，which takes a while and tends t cnclude that gd things happen by luck. Negative events, n the ther hand, are prcessed by the amygdala, which cntrls ur fight-r-flight respnse. The amygdala usually cncludes that bad things happen n purpse, and it cmes t this cnclusin lightning fast. S fast that we dn’t even ntice we're making an assumptin; we just knw that the persn clsest t the prblem must have dne it n purpse!
This leads t the secnd prblem with blame-we dn't ntice hw ften we d it. This can be damaging. Our brains interpret blame the same way they interpret a physical attack. When we are blamed, ur prefrntal crtices effectively shut dwn and direct all ur energy t defending urselves, which impacts ur ability t slve the prblem fr which we are being blamed.
Nw that we better understand the psychlgy behind blame, what can we d t prmte a blame-free culture?
40. What might be the result when yu blame thers fr a team failure?
___________________________________________________
41. What are Paragraphs 3 and 4 mainly abut?
___________________________________________________
42. Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
When we are blamed, ur prefrntal crtices will effectively shut dwn and direct ur effrts t reviewing the prblem.
___________________________________________________
43. What can yu d t help build a blame-free culture in daily life? (In abut 40 wrds)
___________________________________________________
【答案】40. Yur relatinship may be damaged.
41. The psychlgical and bilgical reasns why we tend t blame thers.
42. When we are blamed, ur prefrntal crtices will effectively shut dwn and direct ur effrts t reviewing the prblem.
When we are blamed, ur prefrntal crtices will effectively shut dwn and direct ur energy t defending urselves.
43. In daily life, t help build a blame-free culture, I will actively listen t thers’ pinins, encurage pen cmmunicatin, and fcus n finding slutins rather than assigning blame when prblems arise.
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了人们倾向于指责他人的心理及生物原因和如何避免指责文化。
【40题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第一段中“Yu call yur team in, blame them fr nt checking the dcuments carefully, and strm ut f the rm. What’s the pssible result? Yur team prbably thinks yu’re thankless and unkind. Yur relatinship may be damaged. (你把团队叫来，指责他们没有仔细检查文件，然后气冲冲地走出房间。可能的结果是什么？你的团队可能会认为你忘恩负义、不友善。你们的关系可能会受损。)”可知，当你因为团队失败而指责他人时，你们的关系可能会受损。故答案为Yur relatinship may be damaged.
【41题详解】
考查主旨大意。根据第三段中“We are all naturally wired t blame ther peple r circumstances when things g wrng. This is partially psychlgical, driven by the fundamental attributin bias. (当事情出错时，我们天生就会倾向于指责他人或环境。这在一定程度上是心理上的，由基本归因偏差驱动。)”和第四段中“There is als a bilgical explanatin. (还有一个生物学上的解释。)”可知，第三段和第四段主要讲述了我们倾向于指责他人的心理和生物原因。故答案为The psychlgical and bilgical reasns why we tend t blame thers.
【42题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第五段中“When we are blamed, ur prefrntal crtices effectively shut dwn and direct all ur energy t defending urselves, which impacts ur ability t slve the prblem fr which we are being blamed. (当我们被指责时，我们的前额叶皮层会有效地关闭，并将我们所有的精力都用于保护自己，这会影响我们解决被指责的问题的能力。)”可知，当我们被指责时，我们的前额叶皮层会有效地关闭，并将我们所有的精力都用于保护自己，而不是回顾问题。因此，错误的部分是“direct ur effrts t reviewing the prblem”，应改为“direct ur energy t defending urselves”。故答案为When we are blamed, ur prefrntal crtices will effectively shut dwn and direct ur effrts t reviewing the prblem. When we are blamed, ur prefrntal crtices will effectively shut dwn and direct ur energy t defending urselves.
【43题详解】
开放性问题。在日常生活中，为了帮助建立一个无指责的文化，我们可以采取积极的态度，鼓励团队成员分享他们的观点和感受，而不是指责他们。同时，当出现问题时，我们应该专注于寻找解决方案，而不是追究责任。例如，我们可以说：“In daily life, t help build a blame-free culture, I will actively listen t thers’ pinins, encurage pen cmmunicatin, and fcus n finding slutins rather than assigning blame when prblems arise. (在日常生活中，为了帮助建立一个无指责的文化，我会积极倾听他人的意见，鼓励开放的沟通，并在问题出现时专注于寻找解决方案，而不是指责他人)”故答案为In daily life, t help build a blame-free culture, I will actively listen t thers’ pinins, encurage pen cmmunicatin, and fcus n finding slutins rather than assigning blame when prblems arise.
第二节 （20分）
44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的外国好友Jim打算参加“我眼中的孔子（Cnfucius in My Eyes）”全球原创作品征集活动，来信询问你的建议。请用英语给他回复一封电子邮件，内容包括：
1．提出建议；
2．说明理由。
注意：1．词数100左右；
2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
Glad t receive yur email. What an exciting activity! Here is my idea.
I'm thinking yu can make a shrt animatin film. The film will fcus n yur understanding f Cnfucius' philsphy. Yu can shw hw his ideas, like kindness,influence us teenagers t share, help each ther, and build warm friendships, making schl life mre enjyable. Even better, yu can start a “kindness challenge” t encurage friends t d smething nice every day and recrd their gd deeds.
The fresh perspective will help peple realize the everlasting value f Cnfucius'ideas.I am sure it will make a great entry. Gd luck!
Yurs,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。外国好友Jim打算参加“我眼中的孔子（Cnfucius in My Eyes）”全球原创作品征集活动，来信询问建议。请考生用英语给他回复一封电子邮件。
【详解】1.词汇积累
令人兴奋的：exciting→thrilling
影响：influence→affect
帮助：help→assist
鼓励：encurage→mtivate
2.句式拓展
合并句子
原句：I'm thinking yu can make a shrt animatin film The film will fcus n yur understanding f Cnfucius' philsphy.
拓展句：I'm thinking yu can make a shrt animatin film, which will fcus n yur understanding f Cnfucius' philsphy..
【点睛】[高分句型1] Yu can shw hw his ideas, like kindness, influence us teenagers t share, help each ther, and build warm friendships, making schl life mre enjyable. (运用了现在分词作状语)
[高分句型2] I am sure it will make a great entry. (运用了省略that引导的宾语从句)