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北京高考英语二轮复习：阅读七选五
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这是一份北京高考英语二轮复习：阅读七选五，共26页。
七选五
My, what a big beak you have!
For humans, adapting to climate change will mostly be a matter of technology. More air conditioning, better-designed houses and bigger flood defenses may help to make the effects of a warmer world less harmful. ____1____ In a paper published in Trends & Evolution, a team led by Sara Ryding, a PhD candidate at Deakin University, shows that is already happening. Climate change is already altering the bodies of many animal species, giving them bigger beaks (喙), legs and ears.
In some species of Australian parrot, for instance, beak size has increased by between 4% and 10% since 1871. Another study, this time in North American dark-eyed juncos, another bird, found the same pattern. ____2____
All that is perfectly consistent with evolutionary theory. “Allen’s rule”, named for Joel Asaph Allen, who suggested it in 1877, holds that warm-blooded animals in hot places tend to have larger body parts than those in temperate (温带的) regions. ____3____ Being richly filled with blood vessels, and not covered by feathers, beaks make an ideal place for birds to get rid of heat. Fennec foxes, meanwhile, which are native to the Sahara Desert, have strikingly large ears, especially compared with their Arctic cousins.
Ms. Ryding is not the first researcher to take that approach. But it is hard, when dealing with individual species, to prove that climate change was the cause of an anatomical (解剖学的) changes. All sorts of other factors, from changes in prey to the evolving reproductive preferences of males or females, might have been driving the changes. ____4____ The team combined data from different species in different places. Since they have little in common apart from living on a warming planet, climate change is the most reasonable explanation.
____5____ That may change as warming accelerates. Since any evolutionary adaptation comes with trade-offs (妥协), it is unclear how far the process might go. Bigger beaks might make feeding harder, for instance. Larger wings are heavier, and bigger legs cost more energy to grow.
A．However, looking at the bigger picture makes the pattern clearer.
B．For now, at least, the increase is small, never much more than 10%.
C．Animals will have to rely on changing their bodies or their behaviors.
D．It seems that the future world is going to be hotter than humans are used to.
E．Therefore, the negative effects of a warmer world are visible in these animals’ bodies.
F．Such adaptations boost an animal’s surface area relative to its body, helping it to release extra heat.
G．Similar trends are seen in mammals, with species of mice and bats evolving bigger ears, legs and wings.
In recent years the term “social distancing" has been at the center of public conversation. But it’s not “social” distance but physical separation that we are trying to promote. Preserving social ties — even at a distance — is essential for both mental and physical health.
____6____ Modern technology has provided us with many tools. Not all tools promote social connection equally, however. And often such seemingly small choices can make a big difference between strengthening stronger social connections and giving in to growing social distance.
____7____ When people overestimate the costs or underestimate the benefits of voice-based communication, it can create a misplaced bias (偏见) for text-based media. In one experiment, we tested whether the media through which people interact affect their sense of connection-and how expectations about certain technologies impact the communication media they choose to use. Although voice-based interactions (such as phone calls) can produce stronger connections, text- based media (such as e-mails) are often preferred.
We asked participants to connect with someone that they hadn’t interacted with recently, either through e-mail or over the phone. ____8____ They generally assumed that they’d feel more connected when interacting over the phone than over e-mail. But they also predicted that talking on the phone could be more uncomfortable than dashing off an e-mail. Although these participants believed that talking encouraged stronger bonds, most of them said they’d rather send an e-mail than call the person up. Fears about awkwardness push individuals toward text-based methods for communicating.
____9____Then we followed up with them after they had done so. As expected, we found that people did form meaningfully stronger bonds when interacting over the phone than over e-mail. More importantly, though, there was no difference in the amount of discomfort when reconnecting on the phone. The human voice appears to provide benefits for connection.
Our work suggests that feelings of social connection are apparently facilitated by one’s voice rather than their keyboard.
____10____
A．So the next time you think about how best to connect, consider calling.
B．We again had participants actually connect using either e-mail or phone.
C．Participants first predicted what it would be like to get in touch in these two ways.
D．When they interact on the phone, they find they are more connected than in real life.
E．Those modes of communication are perfect choices at the time of physical distancing.
F．Then how might we best stay connected to others while maintaining physical distance?
G．Decisions on how to connect tend to be based on expectations of potential pros and cons of the interaction.
We all want to make a great first impression, whether it’s meeting our new colleagues for the first time or getting to know people at a social event. ____11____
First days can be stressful: Not only are you learning the ins and outs of your job role, but you are also learning the ropes about office culture, coworker personalities, and team interactions. ____12____ Whether it comes naturally or not, try to show friendliness and openness to everyone with whom you cross paths. Make an effort to introduce yourself to those around you, especially those you will be working closely with on a daily basis. Be kind to those around you, and show a real interest in learning about your new work environment. ____13____
____14____ What does that mean? Do not be scared by people who have worked at your company longer—go ahead and volunteer for projects and do your best to show your boss and team members that you are not only responsible, but eager to show what you can do. If there are any after-work events, be sure to attend.
Some people work in a casual office atmosphere, where rules are a bit laid back. But even if you suspect this might be the case for your new workplace, the first day on the job is not the time to fully embrace the slack(懈怠). ____15____ That means keeping your cellphone on vibrate or silent and putting it away for the day. Avoid all personal calls and emails during work hours. And do not surf the internet for non-work-related tasks, even if you notice others doing so.
As the newbie in the office, it’s ultimately your responsibility to learn the ropes about what’s expected in terms of dress, office culture, etc. But on your very first day, do everything you can to show your boss and colleagues you are a valuable part of the team.
A．It is a lot to take in, but now is not the time to be shy.
B．Initiative is the most important thing for a new employee to get started.
C．Whether it’s fair or not, people make assumptions based on physical presentation.
D．You are being held to a higher standard than those who have been at the company longer.
E．The very first day of your very first professional job, however, may just be the defining moment.
F．Instead, keep it extremely professional until you have gotten a chance to witness the culture firsthand.
G．People will pick up on your genuineness, which will go a long way toward making a great first impression.
Memorizing a speech in one night is not an easy task, but it’s possible. There are hundreds of different memorization techniques out there. ____16____
Write out the entire speech. Simply take a piece of paper and a pen and write out the entire speech. ____17____ Many people memorize information better when they are actively recording it. Copying the speech on another piece of paper can help to commit that information to memory.
____18____ Much like writing the speech out on paper, typing the speech can also help commit the information to memory through visual learning. Since typing is generally faster than handwriting, you may have more time to type the speech several times in one night. There is no need to print the typed speech each time that you type it. However, you may be more likely to remember things that are handwritten rather than typed.
Rehearse your speech for a friend.____19____ It is important to practice the speech in front of someone to ensure that you really know the information. Request that your friend give you some tips. They may be able to tell you if you are not speaking loud enough or if you are talking too quickly.
Record yourself rehearsing the speech. If you don’t have anyone to practice with, try recording yourself while you rehearse your speech. Video recording is the best because you will be able to watch the recording and critique your speech and body language.____20____
Avoid trying to memorize the speech word for word. Normally, it is not necessary to recite a speech word for word. It is more important to remember all of the topics that you need to cover during the speech. Spend time memorizing the bullet points, important facts and statistics, and the layout of your speech in order to guarantee that you cover all of the information that needs to be covered.
A．Type up the speech.
B．Make a list of things that scare you about the speech.
C．If the speech is relatively short, consider writing it out multiple times.
D．However, the best method is the basic, tried-and-true strategy of repetition and practice.
E．It is important to remember to take care of your body even when you are cramming for a presentation.
F．You can also listen to the recording while you are doing other things to help remember the information.
G．Sometimes you may think that you know your speech well, but you freeze up when you perform it in front of people.
What exactly is a lie? Is it anything we say which we know is untrue? ____21____ For example, suppose a friend wants to borrow some money from you. You say, “I wish I could help you but I’m short of money myself.” In fact, you are not short of money but your friend is in the habit of not paying his debts and you don’t want to hurt his feelings by reminding him of this. Is this really a lie?
Professor Jerald Jellison of the University of Southern California has made a scientific study of lying. According to him, women are better liars than men, particularly when telling a “white lie”, such as when a woman at a party tells another woman that she likes her dress when she really thinks it looks terrible. ____22____ Other researchers say that men are more likely to tell serious lies, such as making a promise which they have no intention of carrying out. This is the kind of lie politicians and businessmen are supposed to be particularly skilled at: the lie from which the liar hopes to profit or gain in some day.
____23____ It has been found that if they are sitting down at the time, they tend to move about in their chairs more than usual. To the trained observer they are saying “I wish I were somewhere else now.” They also tend to touch certain parts of the face more often, in particular the nose. One explanation of this may be that lying causes a slight increase in blood pressure. ____24____
Another gesture which gives liars away is what the writer Desmond Morris in his book Man Watching calls “the mouth cover”. He says there are several typical forms, such as covering part of the mouth with fingers, touching the upper-lip or putting a finger of the hand at one side of the mouth. ____25____ Of course, such gestures as rubbing the nose or covering the mouth, or moving about in a chair cannot be taken as proof that the speaker is lying. They simply tend to occur more frequently in this situation. It is not one gesture alone that gives the liar away but a whole number of things, and in particular the context in which the lie is told.
A．However, this is only one side of the story.
B．Or is it something worse than what it really is?
C．A “white lie” appears to be a lie that the teller tells to profit or gain some advantage from it.
D．The tip of the nose is very sensitive to such changes and the increased pressure makes it itch (痒).
E．Why people sometimes cover their mouths while lying is that they wish those words had not come out of their mouths.
F．Such a gesture can be understood as an unconscious attempt on the part of the liar to stop himself or herself from lying.
G．Research has also studied the way people’s behavior changes in a number of small, apparently unimportant ways when they lie.
“Regards”. “Best wishes”. “Take care”. The words at the end of an email may seem unnecessary. ____26____ Even the most common “Sent from my iPhone” can tell that the sender has taken the time to reply although clearly not at their desk. Sign-off may just be a word or a short phrase, followed by your signature, and yet finding the right tone to close your email often requires a surprising amount of thought and skill.
When you’re struggling with how to end an email, it’s best to consider the context (语境). ____27____ Here are three of the most common email settings and the tried-and-true sign-offs that work best for each.
Best wishes. ____28____ However, be aware of its greeting card vibe (氛围) and use it only when it fits well with the tone of your email.
Cheers. A recent study by the email app Boomerang rated cheers as the most likely sign-off to get an email response. ____29____ Cheers works well if your email is friendly and conversational but, unless you’re actually British or Australian, it may come off as affected in more formal settings.
Best. Best conveys best wishes in a cheerful, short and informal way. If you get a lot of emails, you know that nearly everyone uses this sign-off. ____30____
Anyway, the appropriate sign-off depends on your position and your relation to the person who receives your email and the nature of exchange. Next time, take these factors into consideration and try the above sign-offs.
A．However, the sign-off matters.
B．Surprisingly, that isn’t a thank-you as most people assume.
C．Being both friendly and formal makes this sign-off a safe bet.
D．Actually, it’s the most important factor in choosing right words.
E．What works for a close colleague won’t work with a distant acquaintance.
F．You should always bear in mind that not all sign-offs convey certain messages.
G．The disadvantage is that it can be dull if you want your message to be attention-getting.
People often discuss the dangers of too much stress, but lately a very different view of stress is gaining popularity. ____31____ The positive stress movement is made up of people such as Zachary Rapp who are looking for an edge in a competitive world. He wakes up at dawn, goes for a run, sips black coffee while ripping through emails, and then steps into a freezing cold shower. This is a routine designed to reduce the stress of running three different companies for 18 hours a day.
Although Rapp’s practices may sound extreme, he is one of a group of followers of a growing movement. ____32____ Inspired by influential figures in different fields, including entertainers, athletes, entrepreneurs and scientists, positive stress practitioners seek out some combination of extreme temperatures, restrictive diets, punishing exercise routines and general discomfort.
Rapp argues that positive stress keeps him balanced. In addition to running and freezing showers, Rapp uses ice baths, hot yoga, and unconventional eating practices such as eliminating dairy, sugar, and various other foods high in carbohydrates. He believes that these practices, which put stress on his body, actually make him feel less stress from work. ____33____ It was he himself that started using these methods in college, where he got into the habit of taking ice baths to recover from sports. He got back into it while trying to get his three companies off the ground.
Rapp works long hours and sleeps only five to seven hours a night but he said he only gets sick once a year. ____34____
One thought leader in the positive stress world is Dutch extreme athlete Wim Hof, who earned the name “ice man” for his ability to withstand severe cold using deep breathing exercises. Hof’s ideas have become popular among tech industry elites and, thanks to Hof, cold showers are now a trend. Indeed, some even call it a form of therapy.
____35____ Some medical professionals argue that positive stress is not for everyone, and that it might even be dangerous for people who are unhealthy or older.
A．Rapp’s routine is a good example of followers of the movement.
B．This view of stress argues that stress might actually be beneficial.
C．However, Rapp does not credit anyone in particular for his choices.
D．But he thinks too much stress is harming his physical and mental health.
E．But it is important to note that not everyone agrees with these practitioners.
F．For him, positive stress involves pushing the body to extremes and forcing it to build up a tolerance.
G．It consists largely of tech industry workers who claim that such radical tactics will help them live better and longer.
In a perfect world, people would not test medicines on animals. Such experiments are stressful and sometimes painful for animals, and expensive and time-consuming for people. ____36____ That is why there are some 50 to 100 million animals used in research around the world each year.
____37____ Even so, its scientists use some 12 million animals a year, most of them mice and rats, for medical research. Official statistics show that just 1.1 million animals are used in research in America each year. But that is misleading. The American government does not think mice and rats are worth counting and, as these are the most common laboratory animals, the true figure is much higher. ____38____
Now Europe is changing the rules governing animal experiments by limiting the number of animals used in labs. ____39____ In addition, sharing all research results freely should help to reduce the number of animals for scientific use. At present, scientists often share only the results of successful experiments. If their findings do not fit the hypothesis (假说) being tested, the work never sees the light of day. This practice means wasting time, money, and animals’ lives in endlessly repeating the failed experiments.
Animal experimentation has taught humans a great deal and saved countless lives. ____40____ Europe’s new measures should eventually both reduce the number of animals used in experiments and improve the way in which scientific research is done.
A．They should be stopped.
B．Lab animals are mainly used in developed countries.
C．Japan has even less comprehensive data than America.
D．It needs to continue, even if that means animals sometimes suffer.
E．Europe, on the whole, has the world’s most restrictive laws on animal experiments.
F．Yet animal experimentation is still needed to help bridge wide gaps in medical knowledge.
G．Alternatives to animal testing, like using human tissue, are now strongly recommended.
Technology is an amenity (舒适，便利) of modern life nowadays. However, hackers (黑客) are standing beside you! They manage to hack users’ account and steal sensitive data. Here are 4 top golden rules on how to be safe online.
l ____41____.
The research conducted in 2019 by The Harris Poll showed that 21% of respondents don’t update regularly the apps they use. ____42____. It is explained by the fact that new viruses appear every day. And the updates are meant to prevent them.
l Use unique passwords for your accounts.
Unfortunately, 65% of people tend to use one password for several accounts, which increases security and privacy risk. It’s as dangerous as if one would use one key for a flat, car, office and strongbox. ____43____. To escape such threats, it’s strongly encouraged that you create passwords that would be difficult to guess.
l ____44____.
What if a man fails to access account or forgets the password? It won’t be a problem if he/she uses an additional account to renew the blocked one. Specify the backup address or phone number when registering.
l Backup your data.
Sometimes it happens that accounts undergo hacking attacks despite the fact that all necessary precautions (预防措施) were taken. When this occurs, the safest way to get rid of the virus ware is to remove and reset the system. ____45____.
A．Upgrade software on an ongoing basis.
B．Create an account to renew access if necessary.
C．It is vital for you to upgrade your software in your daily using.
D．Once lost, this key might be used to get access to all your possessions.
E．Thus, the only way to get access to your data is to restore the backup.
F．However, the last software version is a must to be protected on the Internet.
G．They thought one password is always more convenient for them to use in their daily life.
Exploring Psychology
Psychology is the scientific study of the mind and behavior. Gaining a richer and deeper understanding of psychology can help people achieve insights into their own actions as well as a better understanding of other people. ____46____
One important benefit from a psychology major is that it teaches the student about the human mind and why people act in various manners. Not all psychology majors will become psychologists. ____47____ All people must interact with others whether it is at home or at a workplace. People respond to these interactions in a wide number of ways. For instance, the person may not know why he or she is bothered by a specific action at work. However, the person who has studied psychology has an obvious advantage in this area.
Psychology also offers the individual insight into himself or herself. As the person learns about the human mind, how it works and why people behave in specific manners, the person may also begin to recognize both harmful and helpful thought patterns in himself or herself.
This may lead the person to an increased level of self-awareness. ____48____ It also shows the person where he or she possesses strength and crucial skills for the modern world. Individuals who are more self-aware are more likely to accomplish their goals and dreams.
____49____ A person may enter a vast field where psychologists and those trained in psychology work. These areas include industrial psychology, school psychology, private practice, organizational behavioral fields, law enforcement and virtually every other field.
____50____ As stated, there are a number of career opportunities from which a psychology major may choose.
A．Self-awareness is a vital skill for any person to have.
B．It shows the individual what areas the person needs to strengthen.
C．As a result, psychology becomes an incredibly popular college major.
D．A psychology major examines the science of human behavior and mental processes.
E．All fields have the opportunity to benefit from the guidance that psychology can offer.
F．The third reason why psychology is a useful major is that it opens up a wide range of career opportunities.
G．However, all psychology majors will develop an increased awareness about human behavior and thought patterns.
参考答案：
1．C
2．G
3．F
4．A
5．B
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇说明文。讲述了地球变暖正在改变动物的外貌，如嘴巴变大。
1．
根据上文“For humans, adapting to climate change will mostly be a matter of technology. More air conditioning, better-designed houses and bigger flood defenses may help mitigate the effects of a warm world. (对人类来说，适应气候变化将主要是技术问题。更多的空调、更好设计的房屋和更大的防洪系统可能有助于缓解全球变暖的影响)”可知，人类依靠的是科学技术来适应气候变化。选项C“动物将不得不依靠改变它们的身体或行为（去适应）。”承接上文，说明和人类不同，动物要适应气候变化就只能依靠它们的身体和行为。从而引出下文对于动物适应气候变化发生的变化的讲述，上下文通顺合理。故选C项。
2．
空处位于段末应承接上文。上文“In some species of Australian parrot, for instance, beak size has increased by between 4% and 10% since 1871. Another study, this time in North American dark-eyed juncos, another bird, found the same pattern. (例如，在一些澳大利亚鹦鹉中，自1871年以来，喙的大小增加了4%到10%。另一项研究，这次是在另一种鸟类北美黑眼鹦鹉中，发现了同样的模式)”列举了一些动物因为天气变暖，喙变大的例子。由此推知，空处承接上文，继续举例。选项G“哺乳动物也有类似的趋势，老鼠、鼩鼱和蝙蝠进化出更大的耳朵、尾巴、腿和翅膀”符合语境，是动物应对天气变化外貌发生变化的例子。故选G项。
3．
根据上文“‘Allen’s rule’, named for Joel Asaph Allen, who suggested it in 1877, holds that warm-blooded-animals in hot places tend to have larger appendages (附属物) than those in less hot regions. (“艾伦法则”是以Joel Asaph Allen的名字命名的，他在1877年提出了这一法则，认为在炎热地区的温血动物往往比在不那么炎热地区的动物有更大的附属物)”可知，炎热地区的温血动物往往长有更大的附属物，这是动物对气候的一种适应，选项F“这种适应性增加了动物相对于其身体体积的表面积，帮助它释放多余的热量。”解释了这种现象的产生原因。下文“Being richly filled with blood vessels, and not covered by feathers, beaks make an ideal place for birds to get rid of heat. Fennec foxes, meanwhile, which are native to the Sahara Desert, have strikingly large ears, especially compared with their Arctic cousins.( 喙拥有丰富的血管，没有绝缘羽毛覆盖，是鸟类散热的理想场所。又比如，与它们的北极近亲相比，原产于撒哈拉沙漠的芬内克狐狸有着惊人的大耳朵)”举例说明动物的这种适应性。上下文通顺合理。故选F项。
4．
根据下文“The team combined data from different species in different places. (她的团队综合了来自不同地方不同物种的数据)”可知，团队综合了更多地方的数据，选项A“然而，从更大的角度来看，形式更清晰。”说明观察更多会更清楚地看到这种模式，符合语境，上下文通顺合理。故选A项。
5．
根据下文“That may change as warming accelerates. Since any evolutionary adaptation comes with trade-offs (妥协), it is unclear how far the process might go. (随着气候变暖的加速，这种情况可能会改变。由于任何进化适应都会进行利弊权衡，因此尚不清楚这一过程会走多远)”可知，未来这种情况的变化，that指代上文提到的情况，选项B“至少就目前而言，增幅很小，从未超过10%。”说明现在的变化情况，上下文合理通顺，下文预测这种情况的发展,，且下文中的“That may change”指代选项B中的增长。故选B项。
6．F
7．G
8．C
9．B
10．A
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了所谓社交距离应该是身体上保持距离，而不是没有社会联系 。事实上，保持社会联系对身心都有益，文章认为电话联系要比发邮件更能促进关系。
6．
根据下文“Modern technology has provided us with many tools.(现代技术为我们提供了许多工具。)”可知，下文介绍的是保持联系的方式。选项F“Then how might we best stay connected to others while maintaining physical distance? (那么我们如何才能在保持身体距离的同时最好地与他人保持联系呢?)”既和第一段的身体距离相呼应，又引出下文，符合文意。故选F。
7．
根据下文“When people overestimate the costs or underestimate the benefits of voice-based communication, it can create a misplaced bias (偏见) for text-based media.(当人们高估基于语音通信的成本或低估其好处时，就会对基于文本的媒体产生错位的偏见。)”可知，人们会评估联系方式的利弊。选项G“Decisions on how to connect tend to be based on expectations of potential pros and cons of the interaction.(关于如何联系的决定往往是基于对互动的潜在利弊的预期。)”符合下文文意。故选G。
8．
根据上文“We asked participants to connect with someone that they hadn’t interacted with recently, either through e-mail or over the phone.(我们要求参与者通过电子邮件或电话联系他们最近没有联系过的人。)”可知，这一段提到了参与者。空后“They generally assumed that they’d feel more connected when interacting over the phone than over e-mail.(他们通常认为，通过电话交流比通过电子邮件交流更有联系感。)”可知，空处是问参与者对这两种交流方式的想法。选项C“Participants first predicted what it would be like to get in touch in these two ways.(参与者首先预测了用这两种方式联系会是什么样子。)”指出了联系他人，承上启下。故选C。
9．
根据下文“Then we followed up with them after they had done so.(然后我们在他们这样做之后跟进。)”可知，空处是让参与者做某件事。选项B“We again had participants actually connect using either e-mail or phone.(我们再次让参与者通过电子邮件或电话联系。)”符合下文的文意，同时和上文保持一致。故选B。
10．
空处为文章小结，说明文章主要内容。本文首先提出保持社会联系很重要，然后通过实验告诉读者，电话联系要比邮件联系有效得多。选项A“So the next time you think about how best to connect, consider calling.(所以，下次你考虑如何最好地联系时，考虑一下打电话。)”与本文主要内容一致 。故选A。
11．E
12．A
13．G
14．B
15．D
【解析】
【导语】
本文是议论文。文章阐述了作为办公室的新人，第一天如何给新同事留下好的印象。同时表明在第一天上班的时候要尽量向你的老板和同事展示你是团队中有价值的一部分。
11．
文章最后一段最后一句“But on your very first day, do everything you can to show your boss and colleagues you are a valuable part of the team.(但是在你工作的第一天，尽你所能向你的老板和同事展示你是团队中有价值的一部分)”提到工作的第一天（on your very first day），说明文章是在阐述第一天如何给新同事留下好印象。E选项“The very first day of your very first professional job, however, may just be the defining moment.(然而，你第一份专业工作的第一天可能就是决定性的时刻。)”中“The very first day of your very first professional job(你第一份专业工作的第一天)”引出下文，符合文意。故选E。
12．
下文“Whether it comes naturally or not, try to show friendliness and openness to everyone with whom you cross paths.(不管这是否自然，试着对你遇到的每个人表现出友好和开放)”提到不管是否自然，要表现出友好和开放。A选项“It is a lot to take in, but now is not the time to be shy.( 虽然有很多事情需要了解，但现在不是害羞的时候。)”中提到不要害羞，与下文呼应，同时“a lot”代指上文提到的“the ropes about office culture, coworker personalities, and team interactions.(办公室文化、同事个性和团队互动的诀窍)”。故选A。
13．
上文“Be kind to those around you, and show a real interest in learning about your new work environment.(善待你周围的人，并表现出真正的兴趣来了解你的新工作环境。)”提到要带着真正的兴趣来学习和了解新的工作环境。G选项“People will pick up on your genuineness, which will go a long way toward making a great first impression.(人们会注意到你的真诚，这对留下良好的第一印象大有帮助。)”介绍了带着真正的兴趣来学习和了解新的工作环境的好处，即人们会注意到你的真诚，承接上文，符合文意。故选G。
14．
下文“Do not be scared by people who have worked at your company longer—go ahead and volunteer for projects and do your best to show your boss and team members that you are not only responsible, but eager to show what you can do.(不要被那些在你的公司工作了很久的人所吓倒，主动去做项目，尽你最大的努力向你的老板和团队成员展示你不仅负责，而且渴望展示你的能力。)”提到主动去做项目（go ahead and volunteer for projects）。B选项“Initiative is the most important thing for a new employee to get started.(主动性对一个新员工来说是最重要的)”中“主动性（Initiative）”符合文意，引出下文。故选B。
15．
上午“Some people work in a casual office atmosphere, where rules are a bit laid back. But even if you suspect this might be the case for your new workplace, the first day on the job is not the time to fully embrace the slack(懈怠).(有些人在一种休闲的办公室气氛中工作，那里的一些工作规则有些松散。但是，即使你怀疑你的新工作场所可能会出现这种情况，第一天上班也不是完全接受这种懈怠的时候)”指出第一天上班不要懈怠，空处应该承接上文，具体指出这么做的原因，即因为你是新人，在刚开始上班时，别人对你的要求更高，D项“You are being held to a higher standard than those who have been at the company longer.(与那些在公司工作时间更长的人相比，别人对你的要求更高。)”符合，承上启下，下文“That means keeping your cellphone on vibrate or silent and putting it away for the day. Avoid all personal calls and emails during work hours.(这意味着把你的手机调成震动或静音，然后把它放在一边。在工作时间避免所有私人电话和电子邮件。)”具体解释了别人对你的要求更高，你应该如何做。故选D。
16．D
17．C
18．A
19．G
20．F
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何在一夜之间记住一篇演讲。
16．
根据上文“Memorizing a speech in one night is not an easy task, but it’s possible. There are hundreds of different memorization techniques out there.(在一个晚上记住一篇演讲不是一件容易的事情，但这是可能的。有数百种不同的记忆技巧。)”可知，这里为承上启下句，记忆的方法有很多，但有好的方法。所以选择项D“However, the best method is the basic, tried-and-true strategy of repetition and practice.(然而，最好的方法是基本的、经过验证的重复和练习的策略。)”符合上下文语境。故选D。
17．
根据上文“Write out the entire speech. Simply take a piece of paper and a pen and write out the entire speech. (写出整个演讲。只要拿一张纸和一支笔，写下整个演讲。)”和下文“Many people memorize information better when they are actively recording it. Copying the speech on another piece of paper can help to commit that information to memory.(许多人在积极记录信息的时候会更好地记忆信息。在另一张纸上抄写演讲稿有助于记忆。)”可知，通过多写几遍演讲稿而达到记忆的目的。所以选择项C“If the speech is relatively short, consider writing it out multiple times. (如果演讲比较短，可以考虑多写几遍。)”符合上下文语境。故选C。
18．
这里为本段中心句。根据下文“Much like writing the speech out on paper, typing the speech can also help commit the information to memory through visual learning. Since typing is generally faster than handwriting, you may have more time to type the speech several times in one night. There is no need to print the typed speech each time that you type it. (就像把演讲稿写在纸上一样，把演讲稿打出来也可以通过视觉学习来帮助记忆。因为打字通常比手写快，你可能有更多的时间在一个晚上打几次演讲稿。你没有必要每次都把打好的演讲稿打印出来。)”可知，本段主要介绍把演讲稿的内容打出来。所以选择项A“Type up the speech (把发言稿打出来。)”符合上下文语境。故选A。
19．
根据上文“Rehearse your speech for a friend. (在朋友面前排练你的演讲。)”和下文“It is important to practice the speech in front of someone to ensure that you really know the information.(在别人面前练习演讲是很重要的，以确保你真正了解演讲信息。请求你的朋友给你一些建议。)”可知，在正式演讲前建议先在朋友面前练习。所以选择项G“Sometimes you may think that you know your speech well, but you freeze up when you perform it in front of people. (有时你可能认为自己很了解自己的演讲，但当你在众人面前表演时，你就会愣住。)”符合上下文语境。故选G。
20．
根据上文“Record yourself rehearsing the speech. If you don’t have anyone to practice with, try recording yourself while you rehearse your speech. Video recording is the best because you will be able to watch the recording and critique your speech and body language. (录下自己排练演讲的过程。如果你没有人陪你练习，试着在你排练演讲的时候给自己录音。视频录音是最好的，因为你可以观看录音并评论你的演讲和肢体语言。)”可知，本段介绍通过录制自己的演讲来帮助记住演讲的内容。所以选择项F“You can also listen to the recording while you are doing other things to help remember the information. (你也可以一边听录音，一边做其他事情来帮助记住信息。)”符合上下文语境。故选F。
21．B
22．A
23．G
24．D
25．F
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了谎言中所说的事并不一定不是真实的。生活中偶尔的一些谎言是善意的表达，或是委婉的拒绝，都有一定的积极作用。同时作者还介绍了人在说谎的时候的一些小动作。
21．根据前句“What exactly is a lie? Is it anything we say which we know is untrue?”(谎言到底是什么？是不是我们所知道的说一些不真实的话就是谎言呢？)可知，空前是对“什么是谎言”进行提问，使用提问的方式引出主题，B选项“Or is it something worse than what it really is?”(又或者还是比实际情况更糟糕？)符合前文的提问结构，故选B。
22．根据空前“According to him, women are better liars than men, particularly when telling a white lie.”(据他说，女性比男性更善于撒谎，尤其是在说“善意的谎言”时)可知，根据Professor Jerald Jellison得出来的结论是女性更善于说谎。根据空后“Other researchers say that men are more likely to tell serious lies.”(其他研究人员表示，男性更有可能说严重的谎言。)可知，选项与前文内容构成的是转折关系，故与A选项“However, this is only one side of the story.”(然而，这只是故事的一面)起到承上启下的作用。故选A。
23．设空处放在段首，应该是本段的段旨。根据空后“It has been found that if they are sitting down at the time, they tend to move about in their chairs more than usual.”(研究发现，如果他们当时是坐着的，他们会比平时在椅子上动得更多。)可知，讲述的是人在说谎时的一些细微动作的变化，与G选项“Research has also studied the way people’s behavior changes in a number of small, apparently unimportant ways when they lie.”(研究还研究了人们撒谎时在一些看似无关紧要的小事上的行为变化。)中的people’s behavior changes相呼应。故选G。
24．根据空前的“One explanation of this may be that lying causes a slight increase in blood pressure.”(对此的一种解释可能是说谎会导致血压轻微升高。)可知，人说谎的时候血压会升高，a slight increase in blood pressure与G选项“The tip of the nose is very sensitive to such changes and the increased pressure makes it itch.”(鼻尖对这种变化非常敏感，压力的增加使它发痒。)中的such changes呼应，such changes指代的就是前文的血压升高，前句和设空处是因果关系，故选D。
25．根据段首的“Another gesture”可知本段讲述的主要内容是：人在说谎时的一些姿势动作，因此本段是围绕这一主题展开。同时根据空前的“He says there are several typical forms, such as covering part of the mouth with fingers, touching the upper-lip or putting a finger of the hand at one side of the mouth.”(他说，有几种典型的形式，比如用手指覆盖嘴巴的一部分，触摸上唇或把一只手的一个手指放在嘴巴的一边。)可知，与F选项“Such a gesture can be understood as an unconscious attempt on the part of the liar to stop himself or herself from lying.”(这样的动作可以被理解为撒谎者无意识地试图阻止自己说谎。)中的such a gesture呼应，指代的就是上述的several typical forms中的任何一个动作形式。故选F。
26．A
27．E
28．C
29．B
30．G
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述邮件的结束语很重要，并介绍了三种常见的结束语。
26．
根据上文“The words at the end of an email may seem unnecessary.(电子邮件结尾的单词似乎没有必要)”可知，邮件的结束语看似没必要，结合下文“Even the most common ‘Sent from my iPhone’ can tell that the sender has taken the time to reply although clearly not at their desk.(即使是最常见的‘来自我的iPhone’也表明发件人已经花时间回复了，尽管很明显不是在他们的办公桌上回复的)”可知，结束语实则很重要，A项“然而，结束语很重要”符合语境，与上文“看似没必要”形成转折关系。故选A项。
27．
根据上文“When you’re struggling with how to end an email, it’s best to consider the context (语境).(当你纠结如何结束一封电子邮件时，最好考虑语境)”可知，E项“适用于亲密的同事的方法，并不适用于远方的熟人”符合语境，对上文举例说明。故选E项。
28．
根据下文“However, be aware of its greeting card vibe (氛围) and use it only when it fits well with the tone of your email.(然而，要注意它的贺卡氛围，只有当它适合你的电子邮件的语气时才使用它)”可知，空处与下文是转折关系，应是讲述“Best wishes.”的普适性，C项“既友好又正式使这种落款成为一种安全的选择”符合语境。故选C项。
29．
根据上文“A recent study by the email app Boomerang rated cheers as the most likely sign-off to get an email response.(电子邮件应用程序Boomerang最近的一项研究认为，cheers是收到电子邮件回复最可能的落款)”可知，选项承接上文，说明大多数人对cheers的看法。B项“令人惊讶的是，这并不是大多数人认为的thank-you”符合语境，B项中的that指代上文的“the most likely sign-off to get an email response”。故选B项。
30．
根据上文“If you get a lot of emails, you know that nearly everyone uses this sign-off.(如果你收到很多邮件，你就会知道几乎每个人都用这个结尾)”可知，几乎每个人都用best这个结尾，所以这容易让人感到枯燥，G项“缺点是，如果你想要你的信息引人注意，它可能会很枯燥”符合语境，故选G项。
31．B
32．G
33．C
34．F
35．E
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了积极压力运动的倡导者对压力的看法与一般人不同，他们通过寻求一些极端的策略来帮助自己缓解压力。
31．
根据上文“People often discuss the dangers of too much stress, but lately a very different view of stress is gaining popularity.(人们经常讨论压力过大的危险，但最近一种非常不同的压力观点越来越受欢迎。)”可知，通常人们认为压力大是危险的，但是现在却有不同的观点。因此，空处应该介绍不同的观点。而下文“The positive stress movement is made up of people such as Zachary Rapp who are looking for an edge in a competitive world.(积极压力运动是由像扎卡里·拉普这样的人组成的，他们在竞争的世界中寻找优势。)”可知，这些人认为压力有积极的一方面。选项B“This view of stress argues that stress might actually be beneficial. (这种关于压力的观点认为，压力实际上可能是有益的。)”正是表达了压力也有好的一方面。故选B。
32．
根据上文“Although Rapp’s practices may sound extreme, he is one of a group of followers of a growing movement.(尽管拉普的做法可能听起来很极端，但他是一群不断壮大的运动的追随者之一。)”可知，有很多人都是这样认为的。选项G“It consists largely of tech industry workers who claim that such radical tactics will help them live better and longer.(它主要由科技行业的工人组成，他们声称这种激进的策略将帮助他们活得更好、更久。)”与上文一致。故选G。
33．
根据下文“It was he himself that started using these methods in college, where he got into the habit of taking ice baths to recover from sports.(正是他自己在大学时开始使用这些方法，在那里他养成了用冰浴来从运动中恢复的习惯。)”可知，这样做是他自己的选择。选项C“However, Rapp does not credit anyone in particular for his choices.(然而，拉普并没有把他的选择归功于任何人。)”与下文一致。故选C。
34．
根据上文“Rapp works long hours and sleeps only five to seven hours a night but he said he only gets sick once a year.(拉普工作时间很长，每晚只睡5到7个小时，但他说自己一年只生病一次。)”可知，他总是将自己推向极限。选项F“For him, positive stress involves pushing the body to extremes and forcing it to build up a tolerance.(对他来说，积极的压力包括把身体推向极端，迫使它建立起一种耐受性。)”符合文意，与上文一致。故选F。
35．
根据下文“Some medical professionals argue that positive stress is not for everyone, and that it might even be dangerous for people who are unhealthy or older.(一些医学专家认为，积极的压力并不适合每个人，它甚至可能对不健康的人或老年人是危险的。)”可知，医学专家并不这样认为。选项E“But it is important to note that not everyone agrees with these practitioners.(但是需要注意的是，并不是每个人都同意这些实践者。)”可知，有人持有不同的意见，与下文文意一致。故选E。
36．F
37．E
38．C
39．G
40．D
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍目前全世界每年都有大量的动物用于医学研究，虽然对于人类医学进步是必要的，但这对于动物而言无疑是残忍的。因此，欧洲正在限制实验室使用的动物数量。
36．
根据下文“That is why there are some 50 to 100 million animals used in research around the world each year.(这就是为什么全世界每年有大约5000万到1亿只动物被用于研究。)”可知，空处解释了为什么需要用动物做实验。选项F“Yet animal experimentation is still needed to help bridge wide gaps in medical knowledge.(然而，仍然需要动物实验以帮助弥合医学知识的巨大差距。)”解释了动物实验的必要性。故选F。
37．
根据下文“Even so, its scientists use some 12 million animals a year, most of them mice and rats, for medical research.(尽管如此，其科学家们每年仍要使用大约1200万只动物进行医学研究，其中大多数是小白鼠和大鼠。)”可知，空处应该和本句存在转折关系。本句说的是“its”科学家每年还需要1200万只动物做医学研究，那么空处指的应该是严格控制所用动物数量。选项E“Europe, on the whole, has the world’s most restrictive laws on animal experiments.(总的来说，欧洲对动物实验有着世界上最严格的法律。)”既符合下文的文意，同时Europe又和下文的“its”保持一致。故选E。
38．
根据上文“The American government does not think mice and rats are worth counting and, as these are the most common laboratory animals, the true figure is much higher.(美国政府认为小鼠和大鼠不值得计算，因为它们是最常见的实验动物，真实的数字要高得多。)”可知，美国科学家用来做实验的动物数量惊人，而本段主要讲述的就是用来做实验的动物数量巨大。故空处应为上文内容的延伸。选项C“Japan has even less comprehensive data than America.(日本的数据甚至不如美国全面。)”正是对上文内容的延伸，讲述的是日本情况也很糟糕。故选C。
39．
根据上文“Now Europe is changing the rules governing animal experiments by limiting the number of animals used in labs.(现在，欧洲正在通过限制实验室使用的动物数量来改变管理动物实验的规则。)”可知，本段讲述的是欧洲所采取的措施。选项G“Alternatives to animal testing, like using human tissue, are now strongly recommended.(现在强烈建议使用人体组织等替代动物实验的方法。)”正是举措之一。故选G。
40．
根据上文“Animal experimentation has taught humans a great deal and saved countless lives.(动物实验教会了人类很多东西，拯救了无数生命。)”可知，动物实验给人类带来了很多的好处。选项D“It needs to continue, even if that means animals sometimes suffer.(它需要继续下去，即使这意味着动物有时会遭受痛苦。)”是上文内容的延展，因为动物实验给人类带来了很多好处，所以是必不可少的。故选D。
41．A
42．F
43．D
44．B
45．E
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了现代社会科技给人们带来便利的同时黑客们也在设法侵入用户的账户窃取敏感数据，以及在使用网络的同时如何让自己更安全的四条黄金规则。
41．
下文“The research conducted in 2019 by The Harris Poll showed that 21% of respondents don’t update regularly the apps they use. (哈里斯民意调查在2019年进行的一项研究显示，21%的受访者不定期更新他们使用的应用程序。)”和“It is explained by the fact that new viruses appear every day. And the updates are meant to prevent them. (这是因为每天都有新的病毒出现。这些更新是为了防止它们。)”说本段主要说明要更新应用程序，即不断升级软件，选项A“不断升级软件。”作为小标题，概括本段内容。故选A项。
42．
下文“It is explained by the fact that new viruses appear every day. And the updates are meant to prevent them. (这是因为每天都有新的病毒出现。这些更新是为了防止它们。)”说明病毒经常出现，更新是为了保护数据，选项F“然而，必须在网上保护最新的软件版本。”和下文存在因果关系，因为经常有病毒出现，软件版本必须受到保护。下文中viruses appear every day和选项中version is a must to be protected相呼应。故选F项。
43．
上文“It’s as dangerous as if one would use one key for a flat, car, office and strongbox. (这就像用一把钥匙开公寓、汽车、办公室和保险箱一样危险。)”说明密码就像钥匙一样也有危险，选项D“一旦丢失，这把钥匙可能会被用来打开你所有的财产。”承接上文，说明密码一旦丢失，就能打开你的财产，即这把钥匙丢失会带来危险。选项中key和上文中词汇重叠，语义一致。故选D项。
44．
下文“What if a man fails to access account or forgets the password? It won’t be a problem if he/she uses an additional account to renew the blocked one. (如果一个人无法进入帐户或忘记密码怎么办？如果他/她使用一个额外的帐户来更新被冻结的帐户，也不会有问题。)”说明本段主要说明可以使用一个额外的账户来更新无法进入的账户，选项B“创建一个帐户，以便在必要时更新访问权限。”概括本段主题，建议创建一个额外的账户，必要时更新访问权限。故选B项。
45．
小标题“Backup your data. (备份数据。)”及上文“When this occurs, the safest way to get rid of the virus ware is to remove and reset the system. (当这种情况发生时，最安全的方式来摆脱病毒软件是删除和重置系统。)”说明要摆脱病毒最安全的方式是删除和重置系统，这样就需要运用备份的数据，选项E“因此，获取数据的唯一方法是恢复备份。”承接上文，和上文存在因果关系。故选E项。
46．C
47．G
48．B
49．F
50．E
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍心理学的益处。
46．
由上文“Psychology is the scientific study of the mind and behavior. Gaining a richer and deeper understanding of psychology can help people achieve insights into their own actions as well as a better understanding of other people. (心理学是研究心理和行为的科学。对心理学有更丰富、更深入的理解，可以帮助人们洞察自己的行为，更好地理解他人。)”可知，上文主要讲解心理学的用处，而C项As a result, psychology becomes an incredibly popular college major.(因此，心理学成为一个非常受欢迎的大学专业。)，符合语境，其中“As a result”表示对上面陈述情况的总结，有承上作用。故选C项。
47．
由上文“One important benefit from a psychology major is that it teaches the student about the human mind and why people act in various manners. Not all psychology majors will become psychologists. (心理学专业的一个重要好处是，它教给学生关于人类思维以及人们为什么以各种方式行事的知识。并非所有心理学专业的学生都会成为心理学家。)”可知，这里主要讲心理学的一个好处，而G项However, all psychology majors will develop an increased awareness about human behavior and thought patterns.(然而，所有心理学专业的学生都将提高对人类行为和思维模式的认识。)，符合语境，表明虽然不是所有心理学专业的学生都会成为心理学家，但学习心理学对他们有益，其中“However, all psychology majors”与前文“Not all psychology majors”对应。故选G项。
48．
由下文“It also shows the person where he or she possesses strength and crucial skills for the modern world. (它还显示了一个人在现代世界中拥有的力量和关键技能。)”可知，这里在讲自我意识的作用。而B项It shows the individual what areas the person needs to strengthen.(它向个人展示了个人需要加强的领域。)，符合语境。其中“It shows”与下文“It also shows”对应。故选B项。
49．
由第二段“One important benefit from a psychology major is that it teaches the student about the human mind and why people act in various manners. (心理学专业的一个重要好处是，它教给学生关于人类思维以及人们为什么以各种方式行事的知识。)”以及第三段“Psychology also offers the individual insight into himself or herself. (心理学也提供了个体对自己的洞察。)”可知，前文讲述了心理学的两个好处，而F项The third reason why psychology is a useful major is that it opens up a wide range of career opportunities.(心理学之所以是一门有用的专业，第三个原因是它为人们提供了广泛的职业机会。)，符合语境。其中“The third reason”和前文对应，也与下文“These areas include industrial psychology, school psychology, private practice, organizational behavioral fields, law enforcement and virtually every other field.(这些领域包括工业心理学、学校心理学、私人实践、组织行为领域、执法以及几乎所有其他领域)”对应。故选F项。
50．
由后文“As stated, there are a number of career opportunities from which a psychology major may choose.(如上所述，心理学专业有许多职业机会可供选择。)”可知，心理学专业能提供很多就业机会。而E项All fields have the opportunity to benefit from the guidance that psychology can offer.(所有领域都有机会从心理学提供的指导中受益。)，符合语境，其中“All fields ”与后文“a number of career opportunities”对应。故选E项。
七选五
My, what a big beak you have!
For humans, adapting to climate change will mostly be a matter of technology. More air conditioning, better-designed houses and bigger flood defenses may help to make the effects of a warmer world less harmful. ____1____ In a paper published in Trends & Evolution, a team led by Sara Ryding, a PhD candidate at Deakin University, shows that is already happening. Climate change is already altering the bodies of many animal species, giving them bigger beaks (喙), legs and ears.
In some species of Australian parrot, for instance, beak size has increased by between 4% and 10% since 1871. Another study, this time in North American dark-eyed juncos, another bird, found the same pattern. ____2____
All that is perfectly consistent with evolutionary theory. “Allen’s rule”, named for Joel Asaph Allen, who suggested it in 1877, holds that warm-blooded animals in hot places tend to have larger body parts than those in temperate (温带的) regions. ____3____ Being richly filled with blood vessels, and not covered by feathers, beaks make an ideal place for birds to get rid of heat. Fennec foxes, meanwhile, which are native to the Sahara Desert, have strikingly large ears, especially compared with their Arctic cousins.
Ms. Ryding is not the first researcher to take that approach. But it is hard, when dealing with individual species, to prove that climate change was the cause of an anatomical (解剖学的) changes. All sorts of other factors, from changes in prey to the evolving reproductive preferences of males or females, might have been driving the changes. ____4____ The team combined data from different species in different places. Since they have little in common apart from living on a warming planet, climate change is the most reasonable explanation.
____5____ That may change as warming accelerates. Since any evolutionary adaptation comes with trade-offs (妥协), it is unclear how far the process might go. Bigger beaks might make feeding harder, for instance. Larger wings are heavier, and bigger legs cost more energy to grow.
A．However, looking at the bigger picture makes the pattern clearer.
B．For now, at least, the increase is small, never much more than 10%.
C．Animals will have to rely on changing their bodies or their behaviors.
D．It seems that the future world is going to be hotter than humans are used to.
E．Therefore, the negative effects of a warmer world are visible in these animals’ bodies.
F．Such adaptations boost an animal’s surface area relative to its body, helping it to release extra heat.
G．Similar trends are seen in mammals, with species of mice and bats evolving bigger ears, legs and wings.
In recent years the term “social distancing" has been at the center of public conversation. But it’s not “social” distance but physical separation that we are trying to promote. Preserving social ties — even at a distance — is essential for both mental and physical health.
____6____ Modern technology has provided us with many tools. Not all tools promote social connection equally, however. And often such seemingly small choices can make a big difference between strengthening stronger social connections and giving in to growing social distance.
____7____ When people overestimate the costs or underestimate the benefits of voice-based communication, it can create a misplaced bias (偏见) for text-based media. In one experiment, we tested whether the media through which people interact affect their sense of connection-and how expectations about certain technologies impact the communication media they choose to use. Although voice-based interactions (such as phone calls) can produce stronger connections, text- based media (such as e-mails) are often preferred.
We asked participants to connect with someone that they hadn’t interacted with recently, either through e-mail or over the phone. ____8____ They generally assumed that they’d feel more connected when interacting over the phone than over e-mail. But they also predicted that talking on the phone could be more uncomfortable than dashing off an e-mail. Although these participants believed that talking encouraged stronger bonds, most of them said they’d rather send an e-mail than call the person up. Fears about awkwardness push individuals toward text-based methods for communicating.
____9____Then we followed up with them after they had done so. As expected, we found that people did form meaningfully stronger bonds when interacting over the phone than over e-mail. More importantly, though, there was no difference in the amount of discomfort when reconnecting on the phone. The human voice appears to provide benefits for connection.
Our work suggests that feelings of social connection are apparently facilitated by one’s voice rather than their keyboard.
____10____
A．So the next time you think about how best to connect, consider calling.
B．We again had participants actually connect using either e-mail or phone.
C．Participants first predicted what it would be like to get in touch in these two ways.
D．When they interact on the phone, they find they are more connected than in real life.
E．Those modes of communication are perfect choices at the time of physical distancing.
F．Then how might we best stay connected to others while maintaining physical distance?
G．Decisions on how to connect tend to be based on expectations of potential pros and cons of the interaction.
We all want to make a great first impression, whether it’s meeting our new colleagues for the first time or getting to know people at a social event. ____11____
First days can be stressful: Not only are you learning the ins and outs of your job role, but you are also learning the ropes about office culture, coworker personalities, and team interactions. ____12____ Whether it comes naturally or not, try to show friendliness and openness to everyone with whom you cross paths. Make an effort to introduce yourself to those around you, especially those you will be working closely with on a daily basis. Be kind to those around you, and show a real interest in learning about your new work environment. ____13____
____14____ What does that mean? Do not be scared by people who have worked at your company longer—go ahead and volunteer for projects and do your best to show your boss and team members that you are not only responsible, but eager to show what you can do. If there are any after-work events, be sure to attend.
Some people work in a casual office atmosphere, where rules are a bit laid back. But even if you suspect this might be the case for your new workplace, the first day on the job is not the time to fully embrace the slack(懈怠). ____15____ That means keeping your cellphone on vibrate or silent and putting it away for the day. Avoid all personal calls and emails during work hours. And do not surf the internet for non-work-related tasks, even if you notice others doing so.
As the newbie in the office, it’s ultimately your responsibility to learn the ropes about what’s expected in terms of dress, office culture, etc. But on your very first day, do everything you can to show your boss and colleagues you are a valuable part of the team.
A．It is a lot to take in, but now is not the time to be shy.
B．Initiative is the most important thing for a new employee to get started.
C．Whether it’s fair or not, people make assumptions based on physical presentation.
D．You are being held to a higher standard than those who have been at the company longer.
E．The very first day of your very first professional job, however, may just be the defining moment.
F．Instead, keep it extremely professional until you have gotten a chance to witness the culture firsthand.
G．People will pick up on your genuineness, which will go a long way toward making a great first impression.
Memorizing a speech in one night is not an easy task, but it’s possible. There are hundreds of different memorization techniques out there. ____16____
Write out the entire speech. Simply take a piece of paper and a pen and write out the entire speech. ____17____ Many people memorize information better when they are actively recording it. Copying the speech on another piece of paper can help to commit that information to memory.
____18____ Much like writing the speech out on paper, typing the speech can also help commit the information to memory through visual learning. Since typing is generally faster than handwriting, you may have more time to type the speech several times in one night. There is no need to print the typed speech each time that you type it. However, you may be more likely to remember things that are handwritten rather than typed.
Rehearse your speech for a friend.____19____ It is important to practice the speech in front of someone to ensure that you really know the information. Request that your friend give you some tips. They may be able to tell you if you are not speaking loud enough or if you are talking too quickly.
Record yourself rehearsing the speech. If you don’t have anyone to practice with, try recording yourself while you rehearse your speech. Video recording is the best because you will be able to watch the recording and critique your speech and body language.____20____
Avoid trying to memorize the speech word for word. Normally, it is not necessary to recite a speech word for word. It is more important to remember all of the topics that you need to cover during the speech. Spend time memorizing the bullet points, important facts and statistics, and the layout of your speech in order to guarantee that you cover all of the information that needs to be covered.
A．Type up the speech.
B．Make a list of things that scare you about the speech.
C．If the speech is relatively short, consider writing it out multiple times.
D．However, the best method is the basic, tried-and-true strategy of repetition and practice.
E．It is important to remember to take care of your body even when you are cramming for a presentation.
F．You can also listen to the recording while you are doing other things to help remember the information.
G．Sometimes you may think that you know your speech well, but you freeze up when you perform it in front of people.
What exactly is a lie? Is it anything we say which we know is untrue? ____21____ For example, suppose a friend wants to borrow some money from you. You say, “I wish I could help you but I’m short of money myself.” In fact, you are not short of money but your friend is in the habit of not paying his debts and you don’t want to hurt his feelings by reminding him of this. Is this really a lie?
Professor Jerald Jellison of the University of Southern California has made a scientific study of lying. According to him, women are better liars than men, particularly when telling a “white lie”, such as when a woman at a party tells another woman that she likes her dress when she really thinks it looks terrible. ____22____ Other researchers say that men are more likely to tell serious lies, such as making a promise which they have no intention of carrying out. This is the kind of lie politicians and businessmen are supposed to be particularly skilled at: the lie from which the liar hopes to profit or gain in some day.
____23____ It has been found that if they are sitting down at the time, they tend to move about in their chairs more than usual. To the trained observer they are saying “I wish I were somewhere else now.” They also tend to touch certain parts of the face more often, in particular the nose. One explanation of this may be that lying causes a slight increase in blood pressure. ____24____
Another gesture which gives liars away is what the writer Desmond Morris in his book Man Watching calls “the mouth cover”. He says there are several typical forms, such as covering part of the mouth with fingers, touching the upper-lip or putting a finger of the hand at one side of the mouth. ____25____ Of course, such gestures as rubbing the nose or covering the mouth, or moving about in a chair cannot be taken as proof that the speaker is lying. They simply tend to occur more frequently in this situation. It is not one gesture alone that gives the liar away but a whole number of things, and in particular the context in which the lie is told.
A．However, this is only one side of the story.
B．Or is it something worse than what it really is?
C．A “white lie” appears to be a lie that the teller tells to profit or gain some advantage from it.
D．The tip of the nose is very sensitive to such changes and the increased pressure makes it itch (痒).
E．Why people sometimes cover their mouths while lying is that they wish those words had not come out of their mouths.
F．Such a gesture can be understood as an unconscious attempt on the part of the liar to stop himself or herself from lying.
G．Research has also studied the way people’s behavior changes in a number of small, apparently unimportant ways when they lie.
“Regards”. “Best wishes”. “Take care”. The words at the end of an email may seem unnecessary. ____26____ Even the most common “Sent from my iPhone” can tell that the sender has taken the time to reply although clearly not at their desk. Sign-off may just be a word or a short phrase, followed by your signature, and yet finding the right tone to close your email often requires a surprising amount of thought and skill.
When you’re struggling with how to end an email, it’s best to consider the context (语境). ____27____ Here are three of the most common email settings and the tried-and-true sign-offs that work best for each.
Best wishes. ____28____ However, be aware of its greeting card vibe (氛围) and use it only when it fits well with the tone of your email.
Cheers. A recent study by the email app Boomerang rated cheers as the most likely sign-off to get an email response. ____29____ Cheers works well if your email is friendly and conversational but, unless you’re actually British or Australian, it may come off as affected in more formal settings.
Best. Best conveys best wishes in a cheerful, short and informal way. If you get a lot of emails, you know that nearly everyone uses this sign-off. ____30____
Anyway, the appropriate sign-off depends on your position and your relation to the person who receives your email and the nature of exchange. Next time, take these factors into consideration and try the above sign-offs.
A．However, the sign-off matters.
B．Surprisingly, that isn’t a thank-you as most people assume.
C．Being both friendly and formal makes this sign-off a safe bet.
D．Actually, it’s the most important factor in choosing right words.
E．What works for a close colleague won’t work with a distant acquaintance.
F．You should always bear in mind that not all sign-offs convey certain messages.
G．The disadvantage is that it can be dull if you want your message to be attention-getting.
People often discuss the dangers of too much stress, but lately a very different view of stress is gaining popularity. ____31____ The positive stress movement is made up of people such as Zachary Rapp who are looking for an edge in a competitive world. He wakes up at dawn, goes for a run, sips black coffee while ripping through emails, and then steps into a freezing cold shower. This is a routine designed to reduce the stress of running three different companies for 18 hours a day.
Although Rapp’s practices may sound extreme, he is one of a group of followers of a growing movement. ____32____ Inspired by influential figures in different fields, including entertainers, athletes, entrepreneurs and scientists, positive stress practitioners seek out some combination of extreme temperatures, restrictive diets, punishing exercise routines and general discomfort.
Rapp argues that positive stress keeps him balanced. In addition to running and freezing showers, Rapp uses ice baths, hot yoga, and unconventional eating practices such as eliminating dairy, sugar, and various other foods high in carbohydrates. He believes that these practices, which put stress on his body, actually make him feel less stress from work. ____33____ It was he himself that started using these methods in college, where he got into the habit of taking ice baths to recover from sports. He got back into it while trying to get his three companies off the ground.
Rapp works long hours and sleeps only five to seven hours a night but he said he only gets sick once a year. ____34____
One thought leader in the positive stress world is Dutch extreme athlete Wim Hof, who earned the name “ice man” for his ability to withstand severe cold using deep breathing exercises. Hof’s ideas have become popular among tech industry elites and, thanks to Hof, cold showers are now a trend. Indeed, some even call it a form of therapy.
____35____ Some medical professionals argue that positive stress is not for everyone, and that it might even be dangerous for people who are unhealthy or older.
A．Rapp’s routine is a good example of followers of the movement.
B．This view of stress argues that stress might actually be beneficial.
C．However, Rapp does not credit anyone in particular for his choices.
D．But he thinks too much stress is harming his physical and mental health.
E．But it is important to note that not everyone agrees with these practitioners.
F．For him, positive stress involves pushing the body to extremes and forcing it to build up a tolerance.
G．It consists largely of tech industry workers who claim that such radical tactics will help them live better and longer.
In a perfect world, people would not test medicines on animals. Such experiments are stressful and sometimes painful for animals, and expensive and time-consuming for people. ____36____ That is why there are some 50 to 100 million animals used in research around the world each year.
____37____ Even so, its scientists use some 12 million animals a year, most of them mice and rats, for medical research. Official statistics show that just 1.1 million animals are used in research in America each year. But that is misleading. The American government does not think mice and rats are worth counting and, as these are the most common laboratory animals, the true figure is much higher. ____38____
Now Europe is changing the rules governing animal experiments by limiting the number of animals used in labs. ____39____ In addition, sharing all research results freely should help to reduce the number of animals for scientific use. At present, scientists often share only the results of successful experiments. If their findings do not fit the hypothesis (假说) being tested, the work never sees the light of day. This practice means wasting time, money, and animals’ lives in endlessly repeating the failed experiments.
Animal experimentation has taught humans a great deal and saved countless lives. ____40____ Europe’s new measures should eventually both reduce the number of animals used in experiments and improve the way in which scientific research is done.
A．They should be stopped.
B．Lab animals are mainly used in developed countries.
C．Japan has even less comprehensive data than America.
D．It needs to continue, even if that means animals sometimes suffer.
E．Europe, on the whole, has the world’s most restrictive laws on animal experiments.
F．Yet animal experimentation is still needed to help bridge wide gaps in medical knowledge.
G．Alternatives to animal testing, like using human tissue, are now strongly recommended.
Technology is an amenity (舒适，便利) of modern life nowadays. However, hackers (黑客) are standing beside you! They manage to hack users’ account and steal sensitive data. Here are 4 top golden rules on how to be safe online.
l ____41____.
The research conducted in 2019 by The Harris Poll showed that 21% of respondents don’t update regularly the apps they use. ____42____. It is explained by the fact that new viruses appear every day. And the updates are meant to prevent them.
l Use unique passwords for your accounts.
Unfortunately, 65% of people tend to use one password for several accounts, which increases security and privacy risk. It’s as dangerous as if one would use one key for a flat, car, office and strongbox. ____43____. To escape such threats, it’s strongly encouraged that you create passwords that would be difficult to guess.
l ____44____.
What if a man fails to access account or forgets the password? It won’t be a problem if he/she uses an additional account to renew the blocked one. Specify the backup address or phone number when registering.
l Backup your data.
Sometimes it happens that accounts undergo hacking attacks despite the fact that all necessary precautions (预防措施) were taken. When this occurs, the safest way to get rid of the virus ware is to remove and reset the system. ____45____.
A．Upgrade software on an ongoing basis.
B．Create an account to renew access if necessary.
C．It is vital for you to upgrade your software in your daily using.
D．Once lost, this key might be used to get access to all your possessions.
E．Thus, the only way to get access to your data is to restore the backup.
F．However, the last software version is a must to be protected on the Internet.
G．They thought one password is always more convenient for them to use in their daily life.
Exploring Psychology
Psychology is the scientific study of the mind and behavior. Gaining a richer and deeper understanding of psychology can help people achieve insights into their own actions as well as a better understanding of other people. ____46____
One important benefit from a psychology major is that it teaches the student about the human mind and why people act in various manners. Not all psychology majors will become psychologists. ____47____ All people must interact with others whether it is at home or at a workplace. People respond to these interactions in a wide number of ways. For instance, the person may not know why he or she is bothered by a specific action at work. However, the person who has studied psychology has an obvious advantage in this area.
Psychology also offers the individual insight into himself or herself. As the person learns about the human mind, how it works and why people behave in specific manners, the person may also begin to recognize both harmful and helpful thought patterns in himself or herself.
This may lead the person to an increased level of self-awareness. ____48____ It also shows the person where he or she possesses strength and crucial skills for the modern world. Individuals who are more self-aware are more likely to accomplish their goals and dreams.
____49____ A person may enter a vast field where psychologists and those trained in psychology work. These areas include industrial psychology, school psychology, private practice, organizational behavioral fields, law enforcement and virtually every other field.
____50____ As stated, there are a number of career opportunities from which a psychology major may choose.
A．Self-awareness is a vital skill for any person to have.
B．It shows the individual what areas the person needs to strengthen.
C．As a result, psychology becomes an incredibly popular college major.
D．A psychology major examines the science of human behavior and mental processes.
E．All fields have the opportunity to benefit from the guidance that psychology can offer.
F．The third reason why psychology is a useful major is that it opens up a wide range of career opportunities.
G．However, all psychology majors will develop an increased awareness about human behavior and thought patterns.
参考答案：
1．C
2．G
3．F
4．A
5．B
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇说明文。讲述了地球变暖正在改变动物的外貌，如嘴巴变大。
1．
根据上文“For humans, adapting to climate change will mostly be a matter of technology. More air conditioning, better-designed houses and bigger flood defenses may help mitigate the effects of a warm world. (对人类来说，适应气候变化将主要是技术问题。更多的空调、更好设计的房屋和更大的防洪系统可能有助于缓解全球变暖的影响)”可知，人类依靠的是科学技术来适应气候变化。选项C“动物将不得不依靠改变它们的身体或行为（去适应）。”承接上文，说明和人类不同，动物要适应气候变化就只能依靠它们的身体和行为。从而引出下文对于动物适应气候变化发生的变化的讲述，上下文通顺合理。故选C项。
2．
空处位于段末应承接上文。上文“In some species of Australian parrot, for instance, beak size has increased by between 4% and 10% since 1871. Another study, this time in North American dark-eyed juncos, another bird, found the same pattern. (例如，在一些澳大利亚鹦鹉中，自1871年以来，喙的大小增加了4%到10%。另一项研究，这次是在另一种鸟类北美黑眼鹦鹉中，发现了同样的模式)”列举了一些动物因为天气变暖，喙变大的例子。由此推知，空处承接上文，继续举例。选项G“哺乳动物也有类似的趋势，老鼠、鼩鼱和蝙蝠进化出更大的耳朵、尾巴、腿和翅膀”符合语境，是动物应对天气变化外貌发生变化的例子。故选G项。
3．
根据上文“‘Allen’s rule’, named for Joel Asaph Allen, who suggested it in 1877, holds that warm-blooded-animals in hot places tend to have larger appendages (附属物) than those in less hot regions. (“艾伦法则”是以Joel Asaph Allen的名字命名的，他在1877年提出了这一法则，认为在炎热地区的温血动物往往比在不那么炎热地区的动物有更大的附属物)”可知，炎热地区的温血动物往往长有更大的附属物，这是动物对气候的一种适应，选项F“这种适应性增加了动物相对于其身体体积的表面积，帮助它释放多余的热量。”解释了这种现象的产生原因。下文“Being richly filled with blood vessels, and not covered by feathers, beaks make an ideal place for birds to get rid of heat. Fennec foxes, meanwhile, which are native to the Sahara Desert, have strikingly large ears, especially compared with their Arctic cousins.( 喙拥有丰富的血管，没有绝缘羽毛覆盖，是鸟类散热的理想场所。又比如，与它们的北极近亲相比，原产于撒哈拉沙漠的芬内克狐狸有着惊人的大耳朵)”举例说明动物的这种适应性。上下文通顺合理。故选F项。
4．
根据下文“The team combined data from different species in different places. (她的团队综合了来自不同地方不同物种的数据)”可知，团队综合了更多地方的数据，选项A“然而，从更大的角度来看，形式更清晰。”说明观察更多会更清楚地看到这种模式，符合语境，上下文通顺合理。故选A项。
5．
根据下文“That may change as warming accelerates. Since any evolutionary adaptation comes with trade-offs (妥协), it is unclear how far the process might go. (随着气候变暖的加速，这种情况可能会改变。由于任何进化适应都会进行利弊权衡，因此尚不清楚这一过程会走多远)”可知，未来这种情况的变化，that指代上文提到的情况，选项B“至少就目前而言，增幅很小，从未超过10%。”说明现在的变化情况，上下文合理通顺，下文预测这种情况的发展,，且下文中的“That may change”指代选项B中的增长。故选B项。
6．F
7．G
8．C
9．B
10．A
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了所谓社交距离应该是身体上保持距离，而不是没有社会联系 。事实上，保持社会联系对身心都有益，文章认为电话联系要比发邮件更能促进关系。
6．
根据下文“Modern technology has provided us with many tools.(现代技术为我们提供了许多工具。)”可知，下文介绍的是保持联系的方式。选项F“Then how might we best stay connected to others while maintaining physical distance? (那么我们如何才能在保持身体距离的同时最好地与他人保持联系呢?)”既和第一段的身体距离相呼应，又引出下文，符合文意。故选F。
7．
根据下文“When people overestimate the costs or underestimate the benefits of voice-based communication, it can create a misplaced bias (偏见) for text-based media.(当人们高估基于语音通信的成本或低估其好处时，就会对基于文本的媒体产生错位的偏见。)”可知，人们会评估联系方式的利弊。选项G“Decisions on how to connect tend to be based on expectations of potential pros and cons of the interaction.(关于如何联系的决定往往是基于对互动的潜在利弊的预期。)”符合下文文意。故选G。
8．
根据上文“We asked participants to connect with someone that they hadn’t interacted with recently, either through e-mail or over the phone.(我们要求参与者通过电子邮件或电话联系他们最近没有联系过的人。)”可知，这一段提到了参与者。空后“They generally assumed that they’d feel more connected when interacting over the phone than over e-mail.(他们通常认为，通过电话交流比通过电子邮件交流更有联系感。)”可知，空处是问参与者对这两种交流方式的想法。选项C“Participants first predicted what it would be like to get in touch in these two ways.(参与者首先预测了用这两种方式联系会是什么样子。)”指出了联系他人，承上启下。故选C。
9．
根据下文“Then we followed up with them after they had done so.(然后我们在他们这样做之后跟进。)”可知，空处是让参与者做某件事。选项B“We again had participants actually connect using either e-mail or phone.(我们再次让参与者通过电子邮件或电话联系。)”符合下文的文意，同时和上文保持一致。故选B。
10．
空处为文章小结，说明文章主要内容。本文首先提出保持社会联系很重要，然后通过实验告诉读者，电话联系要比邮件联系有效得多。选项A“So the next time you think about how best to connect, consider calling.(所以，下次你考虑如何最好地联系时，考虑一下打电话。)”与本文主要内容一致 。故选A。
11．E
12．A
13．G
14．B
15．D
【解析】
【导语】
本文是议论文。文章阐述了作为办公室的新人，第一天如何给新同事留下好的印象。同时表明在第一天上班的时候要尽量向你的老板和同事展示你是团队中有价值的一部分。
11．
文章最后一段最后一句“But on your very first day, do everything you can to show your boss and colleagues you are a valuable part of the team.(但是在你工作的第一天，尽你所能向你的老板和同事展示你是团队中有价值的一部分)”提到工作的第一天（on your very first day），说明文章是在阐述第一天如何给新同事留下好印象。E选项“The very first day of your very first professional job, however, may just be the defining moment.(然而，你第一份专业工作的第一天可能就是决定性的时刻。)”中“The very first day of your very first professional job(你第一份专业工作的第一天)”引出下文，符合文意。故选E。
12．
下文“Whether it comes naturally or not, try to show friendliness and openness to everyone with whom you cross paths.(不管这是否自然，试着对你遇到的每个人表现出友好和开放)”提到不管是否自然，要表现出友好和开放。A选项“It is a lot to take in, but now is not the time to be shy.( 虽然有很多事情需要了解，但现在不是害羞的时候。)”中提到不要害羞，与下文呼应，同时“a lot”代指上文提到的“the ropes about office culture, coworker personalities, and team interactions.(办公室文化、同事个性和团队互动的诀窍)”。故选A。
13．
上文“Be kind to those around you, and show a real interest in learning about your new work environment.(善待你周围的人，并表现出真正的兴趣来了解你的新工作环境。)”提到要带着真正的兴趣来学习和了解新的工作环境。G选项“People will pick up on your genuineness, which will go a long way toward making a great first impression.(人们会注意到你的真诚，这对留下良好的第一印象大有帮助。)”介绍了带着真正的兴趣来学习和了解新的工作环境的好处，即人们会注意到你的真诚，承接上文，符合文意。故选G。
14．
下文“Do not be scared by people who have worked at your company longer—go ahead and volunteer for projects and do your best to show your boss and team members that you are not only responsible, but eager to show what you can do.(不要被那些在你的公司工作了很久的人所吓倒，主动去做项目，尽你最大的努力向你的老板和团队成员展示你不仅负责，而且渴望展示你的能力。)”提到主动去做项目（go ahead and volunteer for projects）。B选项“Initiative is the most important thing for a new employee to get started.(主动性对一个新员工来说是最重要的)”中“主动性（Initiative）”符合文意，引出下文。故选B。
15．
上午“Some people work in a casual office atmosphere, where rules are a bit laid back. But even if you suspect this might be the case for your new workplace, the first day on the job is not the time to fully embrace the slack(懈怠).(有些人在一种休闲的办公室气氛中工作，那里的一些工作规则有些松散。但是，即使你怀疑你的新工作场所可能会出现这种情况，第一天上班也不是完全接受这种懈怠的时候)”指出第一天上班不要懈怠，空处应该承接上文，具体指出这么做的原因，即因为你是新人，在刚开始上班时，别人对你的要求更高，D项“You are being held to a higher standard than those who have been at the company longer.(与那些在公司工作时间更长的人相比，别人对你的要求更高。)”符合，承上启下，下文“That means keeping your cellphone on vibrate or silent and putting it away for the day. Avoid all personal calls and emails during work hours.(这意味着把你的手机调成震动或静音，然后把它放在一边。在工作时间避免所有私人电话和电子邮件。)”具体解释了别人对你的要求更高，你应该如何做。故选D。
16．D
17．C
18．A
19．G
20．F
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何在一夜之间记住一篇演讲。
16．
根据上文“Memorizing a speech in one night is not an easy task, but it’s possible. There are hundreds of different memorization techniques out there.(在一个晚上记住一篇演讲不是一件容易的事情，但这是可能的。有数百种不同的记忆技巧。)”可知，这里为承上启下句，记忆的方法有很多，但有好的方法。所以选择项D“However, the best method is the basic, tried-and-true strategy of repetition and practice.(然而，最好的方法是基本的、经过验证的重复和练习的策略。)”符合上下文语境。故选D。
17．
根据上文“Write out the entire speech. Simply take a piece of paper and a pen and write out the entire speech. (写出整个演讲。只要拿一张纸和一支笔，写下整个演讲。)”和下文“Many people memorize information better when they are actively recording it. Copying the speech on another piece of paper can help to commit that information to memory.(许多人在积极记录信息的时候会更好地记忆信息。在另一张纸上抄写演讲稿有助于记忆。)”可知，通过多写几遍演讲稿而达到记忆的目的。所以选择项C“If the speech is relatively short, consider writing it out multiple times. (如果演讲比较短，可以考虑多写几遍。)”符合上下文语境。故选C。
18．
这里为本段中心句。根据下文“Much like writing the speech out on paper, typing the speech can also help commit the information to memory through visual learning. Since typing is generally faster than handwriting, you may have more time to type the speech several times in one night. There is no need to print the typed speech each time that you type it. (就像把演讲稿写在纸上一样，把演讲稿打出来也可以通过视觉学习来帮助记忆。因为打字通常比手写快，你可能有更多的时间在一个晚上打几次演讲稿。你没有必要每次都把打好的演讲稿打印出来。)”可知，本段主要介绍把演讲稿的内容打出来。所以选择项A“Type up the speech (把发言稿打出来。)”符合上下文语境。故选A。
19．
根据上文“Rehearse your speech for a friend. (在朋友面前排练你的演讲。)”和下文“It is important to practice the speech in front of someone to ensure that you really know the information.(在别人面前练习演讲是很重要的，以确保你真正了解演讲信息。请求你的朋友给你一些建议。)”可知，在正式演讲前建议先在朋友面前练习。所以选择项G“Sometimes you may think that you know your speech well, but you freeze up when you perform it in front of people. (有时你可能认为自己很了解自己的演讲，但当你在众人面前表演时，你就会愣住。)”符合上下文语境。故选G。
20．
根据上文“Record yourself rehearsing the speech. If you don’t have anyone to practice with, try recording yourself while you rehearse your speech. Video recording is the best because you will be able to watch the recording and critique your speech and body language. (录下自己排练演讲的过程。如果你没有人陪你练习，试着在你排练演讲的时候给自己录音。视频录音是最好的，因为你可以观看录音并评论你的演讲和肢体语言。)”可知，本段介绍通过录制自己的演讲来帮助记住演讲的内容。所以选择项F“You can also listen to the recording while you are doing other things to help remember the information. (你也可以一边听录音，一边做其他事情来帮助记住信息。)”符合上下文语境。故选F。
21．B
22．A
23．G
24．D
25．F
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了谎言中所说的事并不一定不是真实的。生活中偶尔的一些谎言是善意的表达，或是委婉的拒绝，都有一定的积极作用。同时作者还介绍了人在说谎的时候的一些小动作。
21．根据前句“What exactly is a lie? Is it anything we say which we know is untrue?”(谎言到底是什么？是不是我们所知道的说一些不真实的话就是谎言呢？)可知，空前是对“什么是谎言”进行提问，使用提问的方式引出主题，B选项“Or is it something worse than what it really is?”(又或者还是比实际情况更糟糕？)符合前文的提问结构，故选B。
22．根据空前“According to him, women are better liars than men, particularly when telling a white lie.”(据他说，女性比男性更善于撒谎，尤其是在说“善意的谎言”时)可知，根据Professor Jerald Jellison得出来的结论是女性更善于说谎。根据空后“Other researchers say that men are more likely to tell serious lies.”(其他研究人员表示，男性更有可能说严重的谎言。)可知，选项与前文内容构成的是转折关系，故与A选项“However, this is only one side of the story.”(然而，这只是故事的一面)起到承上启下的作用。故选A。
23．设空处放在段首，应该是本段的段旨。根据空后“It has been found that if they are sitting down at the time, they tend to move about in their chairs more than usual.”(研究发现，如果他们当时是坐着的，他们会比平时在椅子上动得更多。)可知，讲述的是人在说谎时的一些细微动作的变化，与G选项“Research has also studied the way people’s behavior changes in a number of small, apparently unimportant ways when they lie.”(研究还研究了人们撒谎时在一些看似无关紧要的小事上的行为变化。)中的people’s behavior changes相呼应。故选G。
24．根据空前的“One explanation of this may be that lying causes a slight increase in blood pressure.”(对此的一种解释可能是说谎会导致血压轻微升高。)可知，人说谎的时候血压会升高，a slight increase in blood pressure与G选项“The tip of the nose is very sensitive to such changes and the increased pressure makes it itch.”(鼻尖对这种变化非常敏感，压力的增加使它发痒。)中的such changes呼应，such changes指代的就是前文的血压升高，前句和设空处是因果关系，故选D。
25．根据段首的“Another gesture”可知本段讲述的主要内容是：人在说谎时的一些姿势动作，因此本段是围绕这一主题展开。同时根据空前的“He says there are several typical forms, such as covering part of the mouth with fingers, touching the upper-lip or putting a finger of the hand at one side of the mouth.”(他说，有几种典型的形式，比如用手指覆盖嘴巴的一部分，触摸上唇或把一只手的一个手指放在嘴巴的一边。)可知，与F选项“Such a gesture can be understood as an unconscious attempt on the part of the liar to stop himself or herself from lying.”(这样的动作可以被理解为撒谎者无意识地试图阻止自己说谎。)中的such a gesture呼应，指代的就是上述的several typical forms中的任何一个动作形式。故选F。
26．A
27．E
28．C
29．B
30．G
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述邮件的结束语很重要，并介绍了三种常见的结束语。
26．
根据上文“The words at the end of an email may seem unnecessary.(电子邮件结尾的单词似乎没有必要)”可知，邮件的结束语看似没必要，结合下文“Even the most common ‘Sent from my iPhone’ can tell that the sender has taken the time to reply although clearly not at their desk.(即使是最常见的‘来自我的iPhone’也表明发件人已经花时间回复了，尽管很明显不是在他们的办公桌上回复的)”可知，结束语实则很重要，A项“然而，结束语很重要”符合语境，与上文“看似没必要”形成转折关系。故选A项。
27．
根据上文“When you’re struggling with how to end an email, it’s best to consider the context (语境).(当你纠结如何结束一封电子邮件时，最好考虑语境)”可知，E项“适用于亲密的同事的方法，并不适用于远方的熟人”符合语境，对上文举例说明。故选E项。
28．
根据下文“However, be aware of its greeting card vibe (氛围) and use it only when it fits well with the tone of your email.(然而，要注意它的贺卡氛围，只有当它适合你的电子邮件的语气时才使用它)”可知，空处与下文是转折关系，应是讲述“Best wishes.”的普适性，C项“既友好又正式使这种落款成为一种安全的选择”符合语境。故选C项。
29．
根据上文“A recent study by the email app Boomerang rated cheers as the most likely sign-off to get an email response.(电子邮件应用程序Boomerang最近的一项研究认为，cheers是收到电子邮件回复最可能的落款)”可知，选项承接上文，说明大多数人对cheers的看法。B项“令人惊讶的是，这并不是大多数人认为的thank-you”符合语境，B项中的that指代上文的“the most likely sign-off to get an email response”。故选B项。
30．
根据上文“If you get a lot of emails, you know that nearly everyone uses this sign-off.(如果你收到很多邮件，你就会知道几乎每个人都用这个结尾)”可知，几乎每个人都用best这个结尾，所以这容易让人感到枯燥，G项“缺点是，如果你想要你的信息引人注意，它可能会很枯燥”符合语境，故选G项。
31．B
32．G
33．C
34．F
35．E
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了积极压力运动的倡导者对压力的看法与一般人不同，他们通过寻求一些极端的策略来帮助自己缓解压力。
31．
根据上文“People often discuss the dangers of too much stress, but lately a very different view of stress is gaining popularity.(人们经常讨论压力过大的危险，但最近一种非常不同的压力观点越来越受欢迎。)”可知，通常人们认为压力大是危险的，但是现在却有不同的观点。因此，空处应该介绍不同的观点。而下文“The positive stress movement is made up of people such as Zachary Rapp who are looking for an edge in a competitive world.(积极压力运动是由像扎卡里·拉普这样的人组成的，他们在竞争的世界中寻找优势。)”可知，这些人认为压力有积极的一方面。选项B“This view of stress argues that stress might actually be beneficial. (这种关于压力的观点认为，压力实际上可能是有益的。)”正是表达了压力也有好的一方面。故选B。
32．
根据上文“Although Rapp’s practices may sound extreme, he is one of a group of followers of a growing movement.(尽管拉普的做法可能听起来很极端，但他是一群不断壮大的运动的追随者之一。)”可知，有很多人都是这样认为的。选项G“It consists largely of tech industry workers who claim that such radical tactics will help them live better and longer.(它主要由科技行业的工人组成，他们声称这种激进的策略将帮助他们活得更好、更久。)”与上文一致。故选G。
33．
根据下文“It was he himself that started using these methods in college, where he got into the habit of taking ice baths to recover from sports.(正是他自己在大学时开始使用这些方法，在那里他养成了用冰浴来从运动中恢复的习惯。)”可知，这样做是他自己的选择。选项C“However, Rapp does not credit anyone in particular for his choices.(然而，拉普并没有把他的选择归功于任何人。)”与下文一致。故选C。
34．
根据上文“Rapp works long hours and sleeps only five to seven hours a night but he said he only gets sick once a year.(拉普工作时间很长，每晚只睡5到7个小时，但他说自己一年只生病一次。)”可知，他总是将自己推向极限。选项F“For him, positive stress involves pushing the body to extremes and forcing it to build up a tolerance.(对他来说，积极的压力包括把身体推向极端，迫使它建立起一种耐受性。)”符合文意，与上文一致。故选F。
35．
根据下文“Some medical professionals argue that positive stress is not for everyone, and that it might even be dangerous for people who are unhealthy or older.(一些医学专家认为，积极的压力并不适合每个人，它甚至可能对不健康的人或老年人是危险的。)”可知，医学专家并不这样认为。选项E“But it is important to note that not everyone agrees with these practitioners.(但是需要注意的是，并不是每个人都同意这些实践者。)”可知，有人持有不同的意见，与下文文意一致。故选E。
36．F
37．E
38．C
39．G
40．D
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍目前全世界每年都有大量的动物用于医学研究，虽然对于人类医学进步是必要的，但这对于动物而言无疑是残忍的。因此，欧洲正在限制实验室使用的动物数量。
36．
根据下文“That is why there are some 50 to 100 million animals used in research around the world each year.(这就是为什么全世界每年有大约5000万到1亿只动物被用于研究。)”可知，空处解释了为什么需要用动物做实验。选项F“Yet animal experimentation is still needed to help bridge wide gaps in medical knowledge.(然而，仍然需要动物实验以帮助弥合医学知识的巨大差距。)”解释了动物实验的必要性。故选F。
37．
根据下文“Even so, its scientists use some 12 million animals a year, most of them mice and rats, for medical research.(尽管如此，其科学家们每年仍要使用大约1200万只动物进行医学研究，其中大多数是小白鼠和大鼠。)”可知，空处应该和本句存在转折关系。本句说的是“its”科学家每年还需要1200万只动物做医学研究，那么空处指的应该是严格控制所用动物数量。选项E“Europe, on the whole, has the world’s most restrictive laws on animal experiments.(总的来说，欧洲对动物实验有着世界上最严格的法律。)”既符合下文的文意，同时Europe又和下文的“its”保持一致。故选E。
38．
根据上文“The American government does not think mice and rats are worth counting and, as these are the most common laboratory animals, the true figure is much higher.(美国政府认为小鼠和大鼠不值得计算，因为它们是最常见的实验动物，真实的数字要高得多。)”可知，美国科学家用来做实验的动物数量惊人，而本段主要讲述的就是用来做实验的动物数量巨大。故空处应为上文内容的延伸。选项C“Japan has even less comprehensive data than America.(日本的数据甚至不如美国全面。)”正是对上文内容的延伸，讲述的是日本情况也很糟糕。故选C。
39．
根据上文“Now Europe is changing the rules governing animal experiments by limiting the number of animals used in labs.(现在，欧洲正在通过限制实验室使用的动物数量来改变管理动物实验的规则。)”可知，本段讲述的是欧洲所采取的措施。选项G“Alternatives to animal testing, like using human tissue, are now strongly recommended.(现在强烈建议使用人体组织等替代动物实验的方法。)”正是举措之一。故选G。
40．
根据上文“Animal experimentation has taught humans a great deal and saved countless lives.(动物实验教会了人类很多东西，拯救了无数生命。)”可知，动物实验给人类带来了很多的好处。选项D“It needs to continue, even if that means animals sometimes suffer.(它需要继续下去，即使这意味着动物有时会遭受痛苦。)”是上文内容的延展，因为动物实验给人类带来了很多好处，所以是必不可少的。故选D。
41．A
42．F
43．D
44．B
45．E
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了现代社会科技给人们带来便利的同时黑客们也在设法侵入用户的账户窃取敏感数据，以及在使用网络的同时如何让自己更安全的四条黄金规则。
41．
下文“The research conducted in 2019 by The Harris Poll showed that 21% of respondents don’t update regularly the apps they use. (哈里斯民意调查在2019年进行的一项研究显示，21%的受访者不定期更新他们使用的应用程序。)”和“It is explained by the fact that new viruses appear every day. And the updates are meant to prevent them. (这是因为每天都有新的病毒出现。这些更新是为了防止它们。)”说本段主要说明要更新应用程序，即不断升级软件，选项A“不断升级软件。”作为小标题，概括本段内容。故选A项。
42．
下文“It is explained by the fact that new viruses appear every day. And the updates are meant to prevent them. (这是因为每天都有新的病毒出现。这些更新是为了防止它们。)”说明病毒经常出现，更新是为了保护数据，选项F“然而，必须在网上保护最新的软件版本。”和下文存在因果关系，因为经常有病毒出现，软件版本必须受到保护。下文中viruses appear every day和选项中version is a must to be protected相呼应。故选F项。
43．
上文“It’s as dangerous as if one would use one key for a flat, car, office and strongbox. (这就像用一把钥匙开公寓、汽车、办公室和保险箱一样危险。)”说明密码就像钥匙一样也有危险，选项D“一旦丢失，这把钥匙可能会被用来打开你所有的财产。”承接上文，说明密码一旦丢失，就能打开你的财产，即这把钥匙丢失会带来危险。选项中key和上文中词汇重叠，语义一致。故选D项。
44．
下文“What if a man fails to access account or forgets the password? It won’t be a problem if he/she uses an additional account to renew the blocked one. (如果一个人无法进入帐户或忘记密码怎么办？如果他/她使用一个额外的帐户来更新被冻结的帐户，也不会有问题。)”说明本段主要说明可以使用一个额外的账户来更新无法进入的账户，选项B“创建一个帐户，以便在必要时更新访问权限。”概括本段主题，建议创建一个额外的账户，必要时更新访问权限。故选B项。
45．
小标题“Backup your data. (备份数据。)”及上文“When this occurs, the safest way to get rid of the virus ware is to remove and reset the system. (当这种情况发生时，最安全的方式来摆脱病毒软件是删除和重置系统。)”说明要摆脱病毒最安全的方式是删除和重置系统，这样就需要运用备份的数据，选项E“因此，获取数据的唯一方法是恢复备份。”承接上文，和上文存在因果关系。故选E项。
46．C
47．G
48．B
49．F
50．E
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍心理学的益处。
46．
由上文“Psychology is the scientific study of the mind and behavior. Gaining a richer and deeper understanding of psychology can help people achieve insights into their own actions as well as a better understanding of other people. (心理学是研究心理和行为的科学。对心理学有更丰富、更深入的理解，可以帮助人们洞察自己的行为，更好地理解他人。)”可知，上文主要讲解心理学的用处，而C项As a result, psychology becomes an incredibly popular college major.(因此，心理学成为一个非常受欢迎的大学专业。)，符合语境，其中“As a result”表示对上面陈述情况的总结，有承上作用。故选C项。
47．
由上文“One important benefit from a psychology major is that it teaches the student about the human mind and why people act in various manners. Not all psychology majors will become psychologists. (心理学专业的一个重要好处是，它教给学生关于人类思维以及人们为什么以各种方式行事的知识。并非所有心理学专业的学生都会成为心理学家。)”可知，这里主要讲心理学的一个好处，而G项However, all psychology majors will develop an increased awareness about human behavior and thought patterns.(然而，所有心理学专业的学生都将提高对人类行为和思维模式的认识。)，符合语境，表明虽然不是所有心理学专业的学生都会成为心理学家，但学习心理学对他们有益，其中“However, all psychology majors”与前文“Not all psychology majors”对应。故选G项。
48．
由下文“It also shows the person where he or she possesses strength and crucial skills for the modern world. (它还显示了一个人在现代世界中拥有的力量和关键技能。)”可知，这里在讲自我意识的作用。而B项It shows the individual what areas the person needs to strengthen.(它向个人展示了个人需要加强的领域。)，符合语境。其中“It shows”与下文“It also shows”对应。故选B项。
49．
由第二段“One important benefit from a psychology major is that it teaches the student about the human mind and why people act in various manners. (心理学专业的一个重要好处是，它教给学生关于人类思维以及人们为什么以各种方式行事的知识。)”以及第三段“Psychology also offers the individual insight into himself or herself. (心理学也提供了个体对自己的洞察。)”可知，前文讲述了心理学的两个好处，而F项The third reason why psychology is a useful major is that it opens up a wide range of career opportunities.(心理学之所以是一门有用的专业，第三个原因是它为人们提供了广泛的职业机会。)，符合语境。其中“The third reason”和前文对应，也与下文“These areas include industrial psychology, school psychology, private practice, organizational behavioral fields, law enforcement and virtually every other field.(这些领域包括工业心理学、学校心理学、私人实践、组织行为领域、执法以及几乎所有其他领域)”对应。故选F项。
50．
由后文“As stated, there are a number of career opportunities from which a psychology major may choose.(如上所述，心理学专业有许多职业机会可供选择。)”可知，心理学专业能提供很多就业机会。而E项All fields have the opportunity to benefit from the guidance that psychology can offer.(所有领域都有机会从心理学提供的指导中受益。)，符合语境，其中“All fields ”与后文“a number of career opportunities”对应。故选E项。
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