专题22 定语从句（复习课件）（全国通用）2026年中考英语一轮复习

这是一份专题22 定语从句（复习课件）（全国通用）2026年中考英语一轮复习，共33页。PPT课件主要包含了考情剖析·命题前瞻，思维导图·网络构建，考点通关·靶向突破，易错提醒，优题精选·练能提分等内容，欢迎下载使用。
考点1 关系代词引导的定语从句
考点2 关系副词引导的定语从句
修饰名词/代词的从句（作定语）
先行词+关系词＋定语从句
先行词（被修饰对象）、关系词（连接＋充当从句成分）
指人 / 指物 / 特殊规则
where / when / why
谓语单复数由先行词决定
介词+which/whm（不可接that/wh）
限制性（无逗号，不可省）vS 非限制性（有逗号，that不可引导）
时间/地点名词作先行词时，作主语/宾语用that/which，作状语用when/where
拆分先行词与从句，补充连接词
补全定语从句引导词/谓语
填关系词wh/that/which等
考点01 关系代词引导的定语从句
定语从句的关系词：“china”（瓷器，普通名词，首字母小写） vs “China”（中国，专有名词，首字母大写）；“may”（可能，情态动词） vs “May”（五月，专有名词）。定语从句的分类：The family is big.（指整体，单数）；The family are watching TV.（指成员，复数）。关系代词的基本用法：
当关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词要与先行词保持主谓一致。He is ne f the bys wh like playing basketball. 他是喜欢打篮球的男孩子之一。He is the ne f the bys wh likes playing basketball. 他就是那个喜欢打篮球的男孩子。通常在以下几种情况下只能用that而不能用which：（1）先行词为all，much，smething，everything，nthing，little，nne，the ne等代词时。（2）先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时，只能用that，而不用which.。（3）以wh或which引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用that。
通常在以下几种情况下只能用that而不能用which：（4）先行词被the nly， the very， the same， the last， little， few 等词修饰时，只能用that，而不用which。（5）先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能用that，而不用which。（6）先行词在主句中作表语，或关系代词在从句中作表语时。（7）主句是there be 结构，修饰主语的定语从句用that，而不用which。关系词只能用which，而不用that的情况：（1）先行词为that， thse时，用which，而不用that。（2）关系代词前有介词时，一般用which，而不用that。（3）引导非限制性定语从句，用which，而不用that。
1.（2025·四川乐山）Chengdu is a city in China ________ has tw airprts because f the pening f Chengdu Tianfu Internatinal Airprt.A．whereB．WhC．that
2.（2025·四川遂宁）—What kinds f after-schl activities d yu like?—I like thse activities ________ are abut P.E. and art. A．whB．whmC．whichD．/
3.（2025·四川成都）It’s hard t say gdbye t the teachers ________ have spent the past three years with us.A．whichB．whC．what
先行词是a city，关系词在从句中作主语
先行词“activities”是物，且从句缺少主语
先行词teachers，指人
考点02 关系副词引导的定语从句
when在句中作状语，表示时间。He remembers the day when he jined the League. 他记得他入团那天。 where在句中作状语，表示地点。This is the place where Lu Xun was brn. 这就是鲁迅出生的地方。 why在句中作状语，表示原因。This is the reasn why he is late tday. 这就是他今天迟到的原因。
易错提醒1：1. 当先行词为地点名词时，如果关系词在从句中作主语或宾语，则用that或which引导。如：☛This is the huse which/that was built by my grandfather frty years ag. 这是我爷爷在40年前建造的房子。（定语从句中缺少主语，所以要用which/that，而不用where）2. 当psitin，pint，case，stage，situatin，atmsphere等表示抽象地点的名词充当先行词时，若定语从句中缺少状语，则用where来引导。如：☛It’s helpful t put children in a situatin where they can see themselves differently. 把孩子们放在一个能够让他们从不同角度看待自己的环境中对他们很有帮助。
易错提醒1：3. 关系副词why指原因，代替先行词并在定语从句中作原因状语，其先行词一般是reasn。☛Is this the reasn why (fr which) he refused ur help? 这是他拒绝我们帮助的理由吗？
易错提醒2： 当先行词是时间名词时，既可以用when引导定语从句，也可以用that或which引导定语从句，关键要看关系词在从句中作何种成分。若关系词在定语从句中充当状语，用when引导；若关系词在从句中充当主语或宾语，则用that或which引导。如：☛D yu remember the days when we chatted with each ther all night?你还记得我们整夜聊天的那些日子吗？（when在从句中作状语）☛D yu remember the days that/which we spent tgether n the farm?你还记得我们在农场一起度过的那些日子吗？（that或which作spent的宾语）
1.（2025·四川成都·二模）Hme is always a place ________ yu can feel lve and warmth whatever prblems yu face.A．whichB．whereC．when
2.（2025·广东江门·二模）________ cmputer games is the reasn ________ he is absent-minded in class.A．Being addicted t; thatB．Addicted t; whyC．Being addicted t; whyD．Addicted t; that
先行词“a place”是地点，在从句作地点状语
“is”前为主语，应用动名词短语
先行词“reasn”，应用关系副词why引导定语从句
3.（原创）I walked in ur garden, _________ a big sign ________ in ne f the trees.A．which; was hungB．which; was hangedC．where; was hungD．where; was hanged
借助“自家花园”这一场景，将英语语法（定语从句）与生活化场景结合，同时可拓展关联“花园中悬挂标识”的日常情境，让语法知识脱离孤立的规则记忆，融入实际生活语境。
从“语言工具性+生活实用性”的角度设计题目：既考查语法知识的掌握，又隐含“生活中标识悬挂”的实际场景认知，要求学生同时具备语法运用能力与生活情境的语言适配能力。
跳出“单一考查语法规则”的模式，采用“生活场景+语法细节（关系词、动词形式）”的关联模式，综合考查语法知识的实际运用能力。
关系词错误；过去分词错误
1．（2025·西藏）The stry ________ my grandfather tld me abut Qian Xuesen is tuching.A．whB．whmC．whseD．which
先行词是“stry”故事，指代事物，且从句中缺少宾语
2．（2025·黑龙江）The high-technlgy clthes ________ the players wre helped them perfrm better in the 9th Asian Winter Games.A．thatB．whC．what
2．（2025·黑龙江绥化）—Did yu watch the mst exciting dance ________ was perfrmed by rbts during the Spring Festival Gala f the Year f the Snake?—Yes, it was amazing.A．whichB．thatC．wh
先行词是物，应用that引导
先行词是dance，且先行词有最高级修饰，关系词在从句中作主语
4．（2025·四川达州）—What kind f music d yu like?—I like music ________ I can dance t. When I hear the sngs, I’m full f energy.A．whatB．whyC．that
空格处为定语从句的引导词，从句缺宾语，先行词music为物
5．（2024·四川攀枝花）Mr. Smith has just given us a speech ________ was abut develping reading skills.A．whichB．whatC．whmD．wh
6．（2024·内蒙古呼和浩特）Sme peple think that success is nly fr thse with talent r thse ________ grw up in the right family, while thers believe that success mstly cmes dwn t hard wrk.A．whB．whseC．whichD．whm
先行词speech指物，因此选择关系代词which引导定语从句，在从句中作主语
先行词是thse，指人，关系词在从句中作主语
7．（2024·内蒙古）In difficult times, there are always natinal heres ________ step up and bring peple hpe.A．whmB．whC．whichD．whse
先行词heres，是人；根据先行词在从句中充当主语
8．（2024·西藏）Althugh my grandfather is ver 90 years ld, he still remembers the peple ________ he met when he was yung.A．whB．whenC．whereD．which
9．（2024·黑龙江牡丹江）The “Kemusan” dance is an eye-catching dance perfrmance ________ is quite ppular these days.A．whB．whichC．whse
先行词是“the peple”，从句中缺少主语，指人
先行词dance perfrmance指物，在从句中作主语
10．（2024·吉林长春）As a science lver, I hpe I can invent a bike ________ can fly in the sky.A．whereB．whenC．whichD．wh
先行词是a bike，关系词在从句中作主语
11．（2024·四川乐山）—I’ll never frget the experiences ______ we had in the vlunteer wrk last summer.—Me t. The 3 days were meaningful and full f fun.A．whenB．whC．that
12．（2024·黑龙江绥化）—I feel s nervus. What shuld I d?—Yu’d better listen t music that ________.A．helps yu relaxB．yu can danceC．makes yu sad
先行词为物，且关系词在从句中作宾语
空处给出的建议应是帮助对方消除紧张
13．（2024·甘肃临夏）A true friend is a persn ________ can help yu when yu are in truble.A．whB．whmC．whseD．which
修饰名词persn，指人，并且在句中作主语
14．（2024·甘肃白银）Linda prefers musicians wh ________ different kinds f music.A．playB．playsC．was playingD．is playing
15．（2024·四川泸州）A true friend is a persn ________ will always be there t share yur laughter and tears.A．whatB．whichC．whD．whm
16．（2024·四川遂宁）—What kind f mvies d yu like best? —I like the mvies ________ make me feel happy and relaxed.A．whatB．whichC．whD．/
关系代词wh代替先行词musicians，在从句中作主语，谓语动词应使用动词原形
先行词a persn指人，且连接词在从句中作主语
先行词the mvies指物，且连接词在从句中作主语
1．（2025·贵州铜仁·一模）在她的努力下，山村的孩子们不仅学到了音乐知识，还获得了登上更 大舞台的机会，为他们的生活带来了希望与光明。With her effrts, the children in the muntain village nt nly learned music but als gt the pprtunity t stand n a larger stage, bringing hpe and light t their lives.2．（2025·贵州铜仁·三模）回顾参与生态保护项目的经历，我深深感激那些指导我的志愿者们。Lking back at jining envirnmental prtectin prjects, I’m really thankful fr the vlunteers guided me.3．（2025·贵州贵阳·二模）正在公园里跳舞的那位女士是我姑姑。The wman dancing in the park is my aunt.4．（2025·广东广州·二模）到达那里之后，我们尽力做我们能做的事情去帮助他们。After arriving there, we tried ur best t d the things help them.5．（2025·贵州贵阳·一模）手机是让人们生活更便捷的工具。Mbile phnes are the tls peple’s lives easier.
that/wh lived
引导词应是that/wh；live in“居住在，生活在”
wh/that have
关系代词“wh/that”来引导定语从句；助动词用have
wh is/that is
that we culd t
关系代词用 “wh”或“that”；现在进行时 “be+现在分词”
which/that/t make
用that引导；we我们；culd能；t help them去帮助他们
关系代词which/that；不定式t make作后置定语
6．（2025·贵州黔东南·一模）读书万卷不如行万里路。Man far knws mre.7．（2025·贵州铜仁·三模）我们中国人常说：行动胜于空谈，是成功的关键。As we Chinese ften say: Actins, luder than wrds, are the keys t success.8．（2025·贵州铜仁·三模）未来属于那些相信梦想之美的人。The future belngs t thse in the beauty f their dreams.
从句中谓语动词为travels或walks，关系代词wh或that
which speak
引导词用which，speak“说”，作从句的谓语
wh believe
wh/that travels/walks
先行词为“thse”，指代“那些人”，引导词只能用关系代词“wh”；动词“believe”意为“相信”
Passage 1（2025·四川泸州）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Wan Haib, a 43-year-ld deliveryman (快递员) in Tianjin, was hnred as a Natinal Mdel Wrker (全国劳动模范) in 2025. After receiving 1 hnr, Wan said, “I feel very excited and prud.” Brn in the cuntryside in Handan, Hebei, Wan went t Tianjin in 2018 and 2 (becme) a deliveryman. “There’s n easy way t success. Every package (包裹) means respnsibility and trust, s it’s necessary t send it in time,” he said. “I thught abut stpping, 3 finally gt thrugh all the difficulties.” Wan is respnsible 4 a large cmmunity. He sends abut 500 packages a day, but it can increase t even 1,000 daily during nline shpping festivals. He 5 (usual) starts wrk arund 6 am and finishes wrk arund 8 pm—that can last t midnight during busy 6 (seasn).
特指前文提到的“全国劳动模范”这个荣誉
根据“went”可知句子用一般过去时
前后是转折关系，用but连接
be respnsible fr“负责”
修饰动词用副词usually“通常”
不止一个季节，用名词复数
In the past seven years, he 7 (send) ver 720,000 packages withut any mistake. When facing terrible weather and pssible delays (延迟), he will call custmers right away t explain.Wan is a warm-hearted persn 8 shws special care fr lder r disabled peple. He always helps them buy medicine and take away 9 (they) rubbish during deliveries. Since April 2022, he has vlunteered t check and reprt safety risks in his cmmunity. “I’m satisfied that we deliverymen get mre scial respect nw,” Wan said. “I’ll keep wrking hard and encurage mre peple arund me 10 (help) thers.”
根据“In the past seven years”可知句子用现在完成时
先行词是人，关系词在从句中作主语，用wh/that引导定语从句
修饰空后的名词用形容词性物主代词their“他们的”
encurage sb. t d sth.“帮助某人做某事”
Passage 2（2025·河北）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或填入括号内单词的正确形式。 There is a special jug (罐) n ur kitchen table. I put sme small pieces f paper and a pen next 1 the jug. Anyne in my family is free t write dwn smething gd that has happened 2 (recent). With pieces f paper in it, the jug 3 (call)”Gd Things Jug”. Many gd things happen in a year. At 4 end f the year, we get tgether t empty the jug. We take 5 (turn) t read the “Gd Things” alud. Sme f the things are 6 (interest), sme are serius, and sme just give hpe. Over the past twelve 7 (mnth), there have been many difficult things in ur family. Nticing the
表示“在……旁边”，固定搭配“next t”
interesting
表示“被称作”，用一般现在时的被动语态“is called”
固定搭配“at the end f”表示“在……结束时”
“take turns”是固定搭配，表示“轮流”
interest的形容词形式是interesting
“Gd Things” has helped us g thrugh the hard time. Here 8 (be) a few things frm the “Gd Things Jug”: “Jim 9 I went camping with ur parents. There we 10 (teach) my pet cat hw t clap (拍) with his feet.” “With my parents’ care, I was well again after a serius illness. I’m s 11 (thank) t my parents fr their lve. It’s the best thing n earth!” “Dad gt a better jb tday!” Our “Gd Things Jug” is full 12 lve, hpe and happiness. The little messages remind 13 (we) that we can always expect gd things t cme, even during difficult times. Therefre, I encurage yu 14 (create) yur “Gd Things Jug” tday. I am sure it 15 (make) a big difference in yur future life.
根据“a few things”可知，谓语动词用复数形式are
“Jim”和“I”是并列关系，用连词and连接
“be full f”是固定搭配，表示“充满”
根据“future life”可知，此处用一般将来时
“encurage sb. t d” 表示“鼓励某人做某事”。
teach的过去式是taught
thank的形容词形式是thankful
Passage 3（2025·四川眉山）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Embridery (刺绣) was ften regarded as “wmen’s wrk” in the past. And it was nt cmmn fr a by 1   (learn) it. Therefre, Fu Jian’s parents didn’t want 2 (he) t wrk in this industry at first. But Fu didn’t care. He believed he culd d it well. Fu was brn int an embridery family in Yangzhu. His mther is 3 master craftswman (女工匠) f Suzhu embridery. Fu fell in lve with this beautiful art when he was fur years ld. In his last year f high schl, Fu set his life gal 4 (clear). “Althugh many peple knw abut this traditinal art, I want t help them learn 5 (much) abut it,” he said.
it is adj. t d sth“做某事……”
不定冠词表示泛指，master是辅音音素
built a research center f Suzhu embridery. Since then, he 6 (invent) many new stitches (针法). He has als trained many 7 (wrker). Fu spends a lt f time 8 his wrks. Even s, he enjys it. “I ften wrk late int midnight, 9 I never feel tired. I think that’s because I’m ding what I lve,” said the 37-year-ld. Mst recently, the artist “created” a piece f brnze ware (青铜器皿) n clth. What gave him the idea t create this wrk? “Many brnzes can nly 10 (see) in museums. A wrk f embridery, hwever, can be hung in ne’s hme r ffice. Peple can see it at any time,” said Fu.
根据“Since then”可知，时态是现在完成时
spend time n sth.“在……花了时间”，固定搭配
has invented
根据“many”可知，后接名词复数
主语与see是被动关系，情态动词后接动词原形