专题一0六 定语从句——2024届中考英语一轮复习进阶课件【人教版】

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定语从句是初中英语中一个比较重要的语法，同时它也是各地中考英语的一个常考考点。综观近年来各地的中考英语试题，定语从句的主要考点集中在两个方面：一是考查指物的关系代词的用法，二是考查指人的关系代词的用法。另外，它有时也会涉及一些其他的方面，但相对考得比较少。
一、定语从句在复合句中、修饰某一名词、代词或某一句子起定语作用的从句叫定语从句。He said he culdn't understand peple wh talked fat.他说他听不懂那些说话快的人。I like the bks that I can understand.我喜欢我能看懂的书。上面两句中的peple和bks是定语从句所修饰的词，叫先行词，定语从句放在先行词的后面。
二、关系词引导定语从句的词有关系代词 that，which，wh（宾格whm，所有格whse）和关系副词 where，when，why。关系代词或关系副词放在先行同和定语从句之间，起连接作用。同时又作定语从句的一个成分。
1、关系代词（1）定语从句中关系代词用that不用which的情况：① 当先行词中既有物又有人的时候。I can't frget the peple and the place that I knw well.我不能忘记我所熟悉的人和地方。② 当先行词被the last，the very 或the nly修饰时。This is the very pen that I am lking fr.这正是我正在找的钢笔。The nly bk that I want t read is missing.我唯一想看的书不见了。
③ 当先行词有序数词或最高级修饰时。Yu are the first persn that I want t see.你是我想要见的第一个人。This is the best bk that I can find.这是我能找到的最好的一本书。
④ 当先行词被all，every，n等修饰时。 I want t read all the lks that were written by Lu Xun.我想读所有鲁迅写的书。⑤ 当先行词为anything，everything，nting等时。Everything that we have seen in China is mving.我们在中国看见的事情件件感人。I have nthing that is wrth reading.我没有什么值得一读的东西。
（2）只能使用关系代词which的几种情况① 只引导非限制性定语从句时。There has just been a heavy rain, which makes the farmers delighted.刚下过一场大雨，这让农民们很高兴。
② 关系代词跟在介词后时。The huse in which they are living was built 50 years ag.他们现在居住的房子是50年前建的。③ 先行词本身是that时。What's that which flashed in the sky just nw?刚刚天空中一闪而过的是什么东西？
（3）关系代词的省略一般情况下，关系代词作宾语时可以省略，但关系代词which、whm在从句中作介词的宾语并且介词位于关系代词前面时，不能省略。如：I'll never frget the day n which I jined the club.我永远不会忘记我加入俱乐部的那一天。注意：that、which、wh在从句中作主语时，不能省略。如：Wh is the by that is talking with ur teacher?正在和我们老师谈话的那个男孩是谁？
2. 关系副词的用法① where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语用来表示地点的定语从句。Shanghai is the city where I was brn.② when引导定语从句表示时间。在定语从句中做时间状语也可作连接词用。I still remember the day when I first came t the schl. [注]表示时间"time"一词的定语从句只用when引导，有时不用任何关系代词，当然也不用that引导。By the time yu arrived in Lndn, we had stayed there fr tw weeks.到你到达伦敦的时候，我们在那里已经待了两个星期。I still remember the first time I met her. 我仍然记得我第一次见到她。
③ why指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语。 Please tell me the reasn why yu missed the plane.注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由"介词+关系代词"引导的从句替换。① The reasn why/ fr which he refused the invitatin is nt clear.② Frm the year when/in which he was ging t schl he began t knw what he wanted when he grew up.
三、注意：1. 介词后面的关系代词不能省略。2. that前不能有介词。3. 某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的"介词+关系词"结构可以同关系副词when, where和why 互换。
This is the huse in which I lived tw years ag.This is the huse where I lived tw years ag.D yu remember the day n which yu jined ur club?D yu remember the day when yu jined ur club?This is the reasn why he came late.This is the reasn fr which he came late.
1.—Tm, are yu ging t watch the basketball game? —Yu mean the ne _____ is between ur teachers and ur parents? I wn't miss it. A. wh B. what C. that D. which
答案：C解析：考查定语从句。句意:“汤姆,你要去看篮球赛吗?”“你指的是老师和家长之间的那场(球赛)吗?我才不会错过呢。”ne在这里是代词,其后跟定语从句。先行词为不定代词all, much, smething, everything, anything, nthing, nne, the ne等时,要用that,而不宜用which。故选C。
2.We shuld be thankful t peple ___________give us hands when we need B.whC.which
答案：B解析：句意:我们应该感谢那些在我们需要支持时给予我们帮助的人。考查定语从句。whse 谁的;wh谁; 的）那个。本句为定语从句，先行词为peple，指人，使用关系代词wh引导，在句中作主语。故选B。
3.Students lve the teachers ______ are utging and B.whm C.which D.whse
答案：A解析：本题考查定语从句的关系词。先行词为teachers, 指人, 且关系词在定语从句中作主语, 故用wh。
4.—What kind f mvies d yu like?—I prefer mvies _________ me smething t think abut.A. whm giveB. wh givesC. which giveD. that gives
答案：C解析：根据观察和分析可知题干包含定语从句。先行词是mvies,空格上应填一个代替先行词且在从句中作主语的关系代词。whm在引导定语从句时，在从句中作宾语，指代人；wh在引导的定语从句中作主语或宾语，指代人；which在引导的定语从句中作主语或宾语，指代物；that在引导的定语从句中作主语或宾语，指代人或物。主语mvies是复数形式，定语从句的谓语动词用原形，本题正确答案是C。故选：C。
5.—Have yu fund the bk abut Sherlck Hlmes ________ yu want t read?—Nt yet. It has been brrwed by smene B.whichC.whseD.when
答案：B解析：句意:—你找到了你想读的关于夏洛克·福尔摩斯的书吗?—现在还没有。它已经被别人借走了。考查定语从句。wh指人,作主语或宾语;which指物,作主语或宾语;whse指人或指物,作定语;when指时间,作状语。此处是定语从句,先行词是the bk,指物,引导词在从句中作宾语,故选B。
6.—Perhaps we will live n Mars sme day. —Then we can d anything _____ can be dne n the earth. A. that B. which C. wh D. whm
答案：A解析：句意:“也许有一天我们会住在火星上。”“那时我们可以做任何可以在地球上所做的事。”在定语从句中,that与which两者都可指物,常可互换。但先行词如果是不定代词,只能用that。故选A。
7. The by ________ is playing sccer is the vlunteer. He helped a lt.A. wh B. whmC. whse D. which
答案：A解析：根据题干,可知考查定语从句,先行词是by,指人,作主语,关系代词用that/wh。故选:A。
8.—What are yu lking fr?—I'm lking fr the dictinary _____ yu lent me last week.A. whB. whatC. thatD. when
答案：C解析：本题主要考查定语从句。定语从句可以用关系代词和关系副词引导，what不能引导定语从句，故排除B项。先行词为表示时间的名词且在定语从句中作状语时用 when，故排除D项。根据句中的dictinary可知，先行词为物，所以引导词可用that 或which。故正确答案为C。
9.—What kind f mvies d yu like?—I like the mvies ______ are abut Chinese histry.A. whB. whmC. whse D. that
答案：D解析：wh关系代词,指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语;whse关系代词,指人或物,定语从句中只能作定语;whm关系代词,指人,在定语从句中作宾语;that关系代词,指人或物,在定语从句中作主语或宾语,根据the mvies ______ are abut Chinese histry,可知本句中先行词是mvies,是物,所以用关系代词that.故选:D。
10. Fr me, real heres are thse ________ have fught the COVID-19 pandemic(新冠疫情).A. wh B. which C. whse
答案：A解析：先行词是thse,在定语从句中作主语,指人,用wh, which指物,whse作定语。故选:A。
11. Lk at that girl ________ father is a dctr.A. whB. whse C. which
答案：B解析：根据题干，可知考查定语从句。先行词是girl，和后面的名词是所属关系，关系代词用whse。故选：B。
12. Wh can help me find the infrmatin abut the singer ________ I need t give a talk? A. whm B. wh C. what D. which
答案：D解析：句意:谁能帮我找到关于那个歌手的信息,我需要这些信息来做一个演讲?考查which引导的限制性定语从句。the infrmatin abut the singer指物,在句中作先行词,关系词在从句中作宾语,其后应接which或that引导的定语从句。故选D。
13.—A mther is she_______ takes the place f all thers but whse place n ne else can take. —Yu are right. Mther's lve is the deepest f all. A. what B. wh C. which
答案：B解析：根据观察和分析可知题干包含定语从句。先行词是she,空格上应填一个代替先行词且在定语从句中作主语的关系代词。what不能引导定语从句;wh在引导的定语从句中作主语或宾语,指代人;which在引导的定语从句中作主语或宾语,指代物。本题正确答案是B。故选:B。
14. Lk at that girl ________ is helping Lucy.A. wh B. whseC. what D. whm
答案：A解析：根据题干,可知考查定语从句。先行词是girl,指人,作主语,关系代词用wh。故选:A。
15. I still remember the names f the teachers ________ taught me in my primary schl.A. which B. whmC. wh D. what
答案：C解析：which那一个;whm谁,宾格;wh谁,主格;what什么。通过分析句子结构可知,先行词是表示人的词,定语从句需要一个可以在从句中作主语的词来引导定语从句,所以要用wh来引导定语从句。故选:C。