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外研版(2024)八年级下册(2024))Unit 2 Growing pains and gains本单元综合与测试优质导学案及答案
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(一)核心词汇
1. prmise /ˈprɒmɪs/ v. 许诺,保证,答应;n. 保证,承诺,诺言
常考搭配:
make a prmise (许下诺言);keep/break a prmise (遵守/违背诺言)
prmise t d sth (答应做某事);prmise (sb) that... (向某人保证……)
课文例句:Yes, I prmised t be back befre 9 tnight.
(没错,我承诺过今晚九点前回来。)
补充例句:He always keeps his prmise.(他总是遵守自己的诺言。)
易错点:作动词时,后接不定式(prmise t d sth);作名词时,常用搭配keep ne's prmise(守信)。
disappinted /ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪntɪd/ adj. 失望的,沮丧的(语篇核心词)
常考搭配:
be disappinted at/with sth (对某事感到失望)
be disappinted in/with sb (对某人感到失望)
be disappinted t d sth (做某事感到失望)
t ne's disappintment (令某人失望的是)
课文例句:Back then, I was s disappinted at being t shrt and failing t get n the basketball team.
(那时候,我因为个子太矮没能进入篮球队,感到非常失望。)
搭配:be disappinted at sth(对某事失望);be disappinted t d sth(做某事感到失望)
fail /feɪl/ v. 失败,未做到 n.failure (失败;失败的人或事)
常考搭配:
fail t d sth (未能做成某事);fail (in) an exam (考试不及格)
fail sb (使某人不及格/失望);withut fail (必定,总是)
课文例句:Back then, I was s disappinted at being t shrt and failing t get n the basketball team.
(那时候,我因为个子太矮没能进入篮球队,感到非常失望。)
搭配:fail t d sth(未能做到某事);fail in sth(在某事上失败)
interrupt /ˌɪntəˈrʌpt/ v. 打断(某人的)讲话;中断(某人的)行动;打扰
课文例句:Mum: (interrupting) A deal is a deal!
(妈妈:(打断他)一诺千金!)
用法:后可直接接宾语(sb/sth),表示“打断某人/某事”。
realise /ˈriːəlaɪz/ v. 知道;明白;认识到;顿悟
课文例句:On my way back, I realised that my phne was at Jiacheng's huse.
(在我回来的路上,我意识到我的手机落在佳成家里了。)
易错点:后常接that宾语从句,that可省略。
attach /əˈtætʃ/ v. 系;绑;贴 n.attachment (附件;依恋)
课文例句:I checked and saw that a yellw band was attached t her wrist.
(我检查了一下,发现她的手腕上系着一个黄色的手环。)
搭配:attach A t B (将A附在B上); attach sth t sth(把某物系/贴在某物上),被动形式为sth be attached t sth。
7.peer /pɪər/ n. 同龄人 复数:peers
搭配:peer pressure
例句:Hw are yu getting alng with yur peers?
8.pressure /ˈpreʃər/ n. (工作或生活中的)压力 v.:press (按,压);adj.:pressured (感到有压力的) /pressuring (施加压力的)
搭配:under pressure (在压力下) ; put pressure n sb (向某人施压)
bld pressure (血压) ;peer pressure (同辈压力)
例句:Dn‘t let peer pressure stp yu.
9.heartbreaking /ˈhɑːtˌbreɪkɪŋ/ adj. 使人心碎的、令人心碎的
搭配:break ne's heart (使某人心碎)
例句:I culdn’t help laughing at my heartbreaking wrds then.
(当时那些令人心碎的话让我忍不住笑了出来。)
10.cmpletely /kəmˈpliːtli/ adv. 完全地,全部地,彻底地
例句:But sn, I fell cmpletely in lve with the sprt.
(但很快,我彻底爱上了这项运动。)
11.upn /əˈpɒn/ prep. 在……上面(较正式,可与n互换)
搭配:fall upn落在……身上,降临到……身上;
upn ding sth (一做某事就……) = as sn as;
depend upn/n (依赖);nce upn a time (从前);
例句:It may fall upn us at any stage in ur lives.
12.clearly /ˈklɪəli/ adv. 清楚地,明白地形容词:clear (清楚的) v.clear (清除;变晴朗);n.clarity (清晰)
常考搭配:
see/hear clearly (看/听清楚)
It is clear that... (很明显……)
clear up (整理;放晴)
例句:I knw clearly that failure lasts just a mment.
disagreement /ˌdɪsəˈɡriːmənt/ n. 意见不和,分歧,争论
词形变换:动词:disagree (不同意) 反义词:agreement (同意,一致)常考搭配:
a disagreement with sb (与某人的分歧)
a disagreement abut/n/ver sth (关于某事的分歧)
disagree with sb (不同意某人)
例句:We had a disagreement abut hw t spend the mney.
(关于如何花这笔钱,我们产生了分歧。)
I disagree with yu n this pint. (在这一点上我不同意你的看法。)
(二)单词默写
1. 许诺,保证(v.);承诺(n.) /ˈprɒmɪs/ :__________
2. 失望的,沮丧的(adj.) /ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪntɪd/ :__________
3. 失败,未做到(v.) /feɪl/ :__________
4. 打断,打扰(v.) /ˌɪntəˈrʌpt/ :__________
5. 认识到,明白(v.) /ˈriːəlaɪz/ :__________
6. 系,绑,贴(v.) /əˈtætʃ/ :__________
7. 苍白的(adj.) /peɪl/ :__________
8. 令人心碎的(adj.) /ˈhɑːtbreɪkɪŋ/ :__________
9. 完全地,彻底地(adv.) /kəmˈpliːtli/ :__________
10. 压力(n.) /ˈpreʃə/ :__________
11. 分歧,争论(n.) /ˌdɪsəˈɡriːmənt/ :__________
12. 同龄人(n.) /pɪə/ :__________
13. 在……上面(prep.) /əˈpɒn/ :__________
二、核心短语(必背+易错)
(一)必背短语
1. a deal is a deal 一诺千金;说话算话(习语)
例句:I knw yu dn't want t g, but a deal is a deal.
(我知道你不想去,但一诺千金。)
prmise t d sth 许诺做某事
课文例句:Yes, I prmised t be back befre 9 tnight.
(是的,我承诺过今晚9点前回来。)
keep ne's prmise 守信,遵守诺言
反义短语:break ne's prmise 违背诺言
例句:He always keeps his prmise, s everyne trusts him.
(他总是守信,所以每个人都信任他。)
head back 往回走
课文例句:I was heading back at 8:30.
(八点半我就开始往回走了。)
be crss with sb 对……生气,对……不满
课文例句:I am srry fr being crss with yu.
(对不起,我对你发脾气了。)
be disappinted at sth对某事感到失望
课文例句:Back then, I was s disappinted at being t shrt...
(那时候,我因为太矮而感到非常失望……)
fail t d sth 未能做到某事
课文例句:Back then, I was s disappinted at being t shrt and failing t get n the basketball team.
(那时候,我因为个子太矮没能进入篮球队,感到非常失望。)
can't help (ding) sth 忍不住做某事,不能停止做某事
课文例句:I culdn't help laughing at my heartbreaking wrds then.
(当时我对自己那些令人心碎的话语忍不住笑了起来。)
take ne's mind ff sth 使某人不再去想(担忧)某事
课文例句:At first, I swam just t take my mind ff things.
(起初,我只是为了转移注意力才游泳的。)
fall in lve with 爱上,坠入情网(可接人或事物)
课文例句:But sn, I fell cmpletely in lve with the sprt.
(但很快,我就彻底爱上了这项运动。)
take a turn 发生变化,产生转变
课文例句:My life has taken a different turn.
(我的生活有了不同的转变。)
fall upn sb/sth 突然发生在某人/某物身上,降临到某人/某物身上
课文例句:It may fall upn us at any stage in ur lives.
(在生活的任何阶段,它都可能发生在我们身上。)
ut f breath 气喘吁吁
课文原句:The sn runs thrugh the dr, ut f breath.
(儿子气喘吁吁地跑进门来。)
(二)易错短语辨析
1. take a turn vs take turns
take a turn:单数形式,意为“发生变化”,主语通常是生活、健康、事业等
例句:My life has taken a different turn.我的人生发生了转折。
take turns:复数形式,意为“轮流,交替”,主语通常是人,后接ding sth
例句:The children take turns playing the game. 孩子们轮流玩游戏。
2.be disappinted at vs be disappinted with
be disappinted at:后接“事情、行为”,侧重对“某事的结果”失望
例句:She is disappinted at being t shrt 她因为个子太矮而感到失望。
be disappinted with:后接“人或物”,侧重对“某人/某物本身”失望
例句:I am disappinted with my new phne. 我对我的新手机感到失望。
三、核心句型
(一)重点句型(课文原句+结构解析)
1. 主语 + prmise(s) t d sth. 某人许诺做某事。
课文例句:Yes, I prmised t be back befre 9 tnight.
(没错,我承诺过今晚九点前回来。)
结构解析:prmise作动词,后接不定式作宾语;主语是人,时态可根据语境用一般现在时、一般过去时。
仿写:She prmises t help me with my English.(她许诺帮我学英语。)
主语 + be + disappinted at (ding) sth. 某人对(做)某事感到失望。
课文例句:Back then, I was s disappinted at being t shrt and failing t get n the basketball team.
(那时候,我因为个子太矮没能进入篮球队,感到非常失望。)
结构解析:disappinted是形容词,at后可接名词或动名词;s修饰disappinted,加强语气。
仿写:He is disappinted at nt passing the exam.
(他对没有通过考试感到失望。)
主语 + can't help ding sth. 某人忍不住做某事。
课文原句:I culdn't help laughing at my heartbreaking wrds then.
(当时那些令人心碎的话让我忍不住笑了出来。)
结构解析:can't help后必须接动名词,不能接不定式;culdn't是can't的过去式,用于过去语境。
仿写:She culdn't help crying when she heard the news.
(听到这个消息,她忍不住哭了。)
主语 + be + attached t sth. 某物被系/贴在某物上(一般被动语态)。
课文例句:I checked and saw that a yellw band was attached t her wrist.
(我检查了一下,发现她的手腕上系着一个黄色的手环。)
结构解析:attach的被动形式,sth be attached t sth,侧重“被附着”的状态;本句是一般过去时的被动语态。
仿写:A nte was attached t the bx.(盒子上贴了一张便条。)
It may fall upn us at any stage in ur lives.(在生活的任何阶段,它都可能发生在我们身上。)
结构解析:may是情态动词,后接动词原形fall;fall upn后接sb,意为“降临到某人身上”;at any stage意为“在任何阶段”。
仿写:Hard times may fall upn us, but we shuld keep brave.(困难可能会降临到我们身上,但我们应该保持勇敢。)
(二)易错句型提醒
1. can't help ding sth 与 can't help (t) d sth 区分:
can't help ding sth(忍不住做某事);can't help (t) d sth(不能帮忙做某事)
2.prmise的用法陷阱:
prmise t d sth(许诺做某事),不能说prmise ding sth;
keep ne's prmise(守信),ne's要随主语变化(如keep my prmise, keep her prmise)。
四、核心语法:一般过去时的被动语态
(一)语法定义
表示“过去某个时间里,某事被某人做了”,侧重动作的承受者(主语是动作的承受者),而不是动作的执行者;常与表示过去的时间状语连用(如yesterday, last night, just nw, then等),本单元多结合课文语境(话剧、日记)使用,无需强调执行者时可省略by短语。
(二)基本结构(必背)
1. 肯定句:主语(动作承受者) + was / were + 动词过去分词 + (by + 动作执行者)。
课文例句:I waited with her until she was taken hme by a plicewman.
(我一直陪着她,直到她被一位女警察送回家。)
解析:主语she是动作(take hme)的承受者;was taken是“was + 过去分词”(take的过去分词是taken);by a plicewman是动作执行者,可省略。
2.否定句:主语 + was / were + nt + 动词过去分词 + (by + 动作执行者)。
例句:The letter was nt sent yesterday.(这封信昨天没有被寄出去。)
缩写:was nt → wasn't;were nt → weren't
3.一般疑问句:Was / Were + 主语 + 动词过去分词 + (by + 动作执行者)?
例句:Was the yellw band attached t her wrist?
(那个黄色的手环是系在她的手腕上吗?)
回答:Yes, 主语 + was / were. / N, 主语 + wasn't / weren't.
4. be动词的选择:主语是单数(可数名词单数、不可数名词、人称代词单数he/she/it),用was;主语是复数(可数名词复数、人称代词复数we/yu/they),用were。
例句对比:A yellw band was attached(单数主语,用was);
They were taken hme(复数主语,用were)。
(三)语法巩固练习
1. 填空练习:用动词的适当被动形式填空。
The letter (send) yesterday.
(答案:was sent)
These huses (build) in 1990.
(答案:were built)
I (tell) the news just nw.
(答案:was tld)
He (prmise) t help me, but he didn‘t cme.
(答案:prmised)
I finally (realise) the imprtance f friendship.
(答案:realised)
A beautiful card was (attach) t the gift.
(答案:attached)
The mvie has an exciting (plt).
(答案:plt)
She felt a lt f (press) befre the big test.
(答案:pressure)
He was (disappint) at the result f the game.
(答案:disappinted)
He (fail) t catch the last bus yesterday.
(答案:failed)
The news was (heartbreak) t all f us.
(答案:heartbreaking)
I (cmplete) agree with yu.
(答案:cmpletely)
句型转换题
The children cleaned the classrm yesterday. (改为被动语态)
→The classrm was cleaned by the children yesterday.
Did they hld a meeting last week? (改为被动语态)
→Was a meeting held last week?
The plice didn‘t find the lst by. (改为被动语态)
→The lst by wasn’t fund by the plice.
We tld her the gd news. (改为被动语态)
→She was tld the gd news by us.
Peple speak English all ver the wrld. (改为被动语态,一般现在时)
→English is spken all ver the wrld.
They will plant mre trees next year. (改为被动语态,一般将来时)
→Mre trees will be planted next year.
My mum made this cake. (改为被动语态)
→This cake was made by my mum.
The strm destryed several huses. (改为被动语态)
→Several huses were destryed by the strm.
Wh wrte this sng? (改为被动语态)
→By whm was this sng written?
Yu must finish the wrk tday. (改为被动语态)
→The wrk must be finished tday.
五、单元书面表达指导
(一)单元话题:Grwing pains and gains(成长的烦恼与收获)
(二)单元话题常用短语/句型
1. 开头(引出经历):I had a difficult experience a few years ag. / Back then, I was s disappinted at failing t d sth.(几年前我有一次难忘的经历。/ 那时候,我因为没能做到某事而非常失望。)
2. 中间(描述过程):At first, I... t take my mind ff things. / But sn, I fell in lve with... / I tried my best and finally...(起初,我……来转移注意力。/ 但很快,我爱上了…… / 我努力尝试,最终……)
3. 结尾(表达感悟):Nw I understand that failure is a part f life. / Frm this experience, I learnt that... / When ne dr clses, anther pens.(现在我明白了,失败是生活的一部分。/ 从这次经历中,我学到了…… / 当一扇门关闭时,另一扇门会打开。)
(三)小练笔:Frm My Pain t My Gain
要求: 仿照本单元阅读文章,写一篇关于你自身经历的短文。内容需包括:
1.描述一次你经历的失败或挫折(pain)。
2.描述你当时的心情和感受。
3.说明你是如何应对的,以及事情后来发生了怎样的转变(gain)。
4.谈谈你从这次经历中学到了什么。
词数: 70-90词。
提示词汇与句式:be disappinted at, fail t d, take ne‘s mind ff, fall in lve with, take a different turn, I culdn‘t help..., When ne dr clses, anther pens.
参考范文:
Frm My Pain t My Gain
Last year, I failed t get int the schl singing cmpetitin. I was deeply disappinted at the result. I culdn't help crying after hearing the news.
T take my mind ff the sadness, I started learning t play the guitar. Surprisingly, I sn fell in lve with it. Things tk a different turn when my music teacher invited me t play in a schl cncert. It was a great success!
Nw I truly understand: "When ne dr clses, anther pens." My failure led me t discver a new talent. This experience taught me that persistence is the key t vercming disappintment.
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