高考英语二轮讲义-形容词副词（原卷版）- （北京专用）

这是一份高考英语二轮讲义-形容词副词（原卷版）- （北京专用），共5页。试卷主要包含了名词 nun n，代词 prnun prn，副词 adverb adv，动词 verb v，数词 numeral num，冠词 article art等内容，欢迎下载使用。

词类又叫词性，英语单词根据其在句子中的功用，可以分成十个大类。
1.名词 nun n. student 学生
2.代词 prnun prn. yu 你
3.形容词 adjective adj. happy 高兴的
4.副词 adverb adv. quickly 迅速地
5.动词 verb v. cut 砍、割
6.数词 numeral num. three 三
7.冠词 article art. a 一个
8.介词 prepsitin prep. at 在...
9.连词 cnjunctin cnj. and 和
10.感叹词 interjectin interj. h 哦
前六类叫实词，后四类叫虚词。
【知识要点1】基本句法功能
1、形容词主要用来修饰名词，在句子中可以充当定语、表语、宾语补足语和状语，跟定冠词the连用时，相当于名词，可以充当主语和宾语。
I bught a new bk yesterday. （形容词作定语）
He is tall. （形容词作表语）
We can make it mre beautiful. （形容词作宾语补足语）
Tired, he fell asleep quickly. （形容词作状语）
The pr are pr. （the+形容词作主语）
We shuld help the pr. （the+形容词作宾语）
2、副词主要用来修饰动词、形容词和副词，在句子中充当状语。
He runs very fast. （副词very，修饰副词fast，而副词fast修饰动词run）
The bk is quite interesting. （副词quite，修饰形容词interesting）
【知识要点2】比较级最高级
1、形容词和副词的比较级，用于两者之间的比较，常与than连用。
He is taller than his classmates.
2、形容词和副词的最高级，用于三者及三者以上的对象中，表示：“（在……中）最……”。在使用最高级时，句中往往要出现表示范围的词语或结构。
He is the tallest in his class.
3、比较级的两个特殊用法：
（1）在否定句中使用比较级，可以表示最高级意思。即：比较级与否定词连用，表示最高级意义。
I have never seen a better ne.
(=This is the best ne that I have ever seen.)
（2）比较级与than any ther/than thers连用，表示最高级意义。
Shanghai is bigger than any ther city/than ther cities in China.
(=Shanghai is the biggest city in China.)
题型01 形容词变副词
【题型诠释】
题型02 常考形容词后缀
【题型诠释】
【高考真题】
1.【2023北京卷】Every culture is riddled with unwritten rules, such as nes n punctuality (守时). I’m British. Sn after mving t Switzerland, I 1111．threw (thrw) a huse-warming party and was greatly surprised when all 30 guests shwed up 12 (exact) n time. Years later, having mved t France.
2.【2022年北京卷】That’s a big prblem and it is getting even ____19____ (bad).
3.【2021年北京卷】Sam walked her t a nearby cnvenience stre s that she culd ____16____（safe） wait fr the plice t take her hme．
4.【2020年北京卷】 Oliver says if yu're___2___(luck) enugh t have smene clse t yu wh enjys cking, ask them___3___yu can jin in when it's pssible.
5.【2020年北京卷】They were much strnger than mdern humans, but it's lng been assumed that human ancestrs were____10____（smart）than the Neanderthals. Hwever, the stne tl made by Neanderthals suggests therwise.
【最新模考】
（2024·北京海淀·二模）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Many f ur actins are initiated by emtin. Challenging situatins will arise in ur lives and 11 we handle these situatins is a mark f hw mature and independent we are. Keeping ur emtins 12 dminating ur lives is essential because stable emtin brings a sense f cntentment and calm. Luckily, there are many 13 (help) techniques t cntrl ur emtins, such as meditatin, yga, and breathing exercises.
（2024·北京东城·二模）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
When Lauren Schreder, a high schl student, 17 (shw) up t a cmmunity fd drive last year, she saw what peple there gt — just a lt f 18 (can) gds. She decided t becme the change she wanted t see. Schreder grew 7,000 punds f prduce and gave it all away t fd banks. Her wrk drew the attentin f Future Farmers f America, which gave her sme mney fr 19 (supply) and seeds. Her gal is 20 (dnate) 20,000 punds f vegetables by the time she graduates.
（2024·北京朝阳·二模）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
It can be hard nt t let negativity g int yur day, especially during 11 (stress) perids f life. A bit f ptimism makes yu becme better and emtinally 12 (healthy) in the lng term. An ptimistic persn is always lking fr the best in any situatin and expecting that gd things 13 (happen). But being ptimistic desn’t mean yu g int denial and pretend everything is fine when it’s nt. It is a particular state f mind 14 yu hpe fr the best but prepare fr the wrst.
情况
变化规则
示例
一般情况
直接加-ly
sharp→sharply; particular→particularly; extreme→extremely; pr→prly; recent→recently; fair→fairly; certain→certainly; regular→regularly;slw→slwly;sudden→suddenly; huge→hugely; rare→rarely
以-y结尾的单词
变y为i, 再加-ly
easy→easily; angry→angrily; necessary→necessarily; clumsy→clumsily(注意：y的读音同“ai”，直接加-ly，如：shy→shyly)
以le结尾的单词
去e,再加-y
gentle→gently; terrible→terribly; cmfrtable→cmfrtably(特殊情况：whle→whlly)
以-ue结尾的单词
去e,再加-ly
true→truly
以-ic结尾的单词
加-ally
basic→basically; scientific→scientifically specific→specifically (特殊情况：public→publicly)
以-ll结尾的单词
只加-y
full→fully; dull→dully
形容词后缀
用法
示例
-al
表示“属于...的， 具有...性质的”
glbe→glbal; ptin→ptinal; traditin→traditinal; nature→natural; persn→persnal; music→musical; rigin→riginal
-ful
用于名词或动词后，表示“富有...的，充满...的，有...性质的”
beauty→beautiful；wnder→wnderful；care→careful；success →successful；meaning→meaningful；pain→painful；peace→peaceful；pwer→pwerful；faith→faithful
-ing
用于动词后，表示“令/使人...的”或“...的”或“正在...的”
令人...的：amaze→amazing; cnvince→cnvincing; encurage→encuraging; inspire→inspiring; freeze→freezing...的：care→caring; shine→shining/shiny; exist→existing; visit→visiting正在...的：fall→falling
-ed
用于动词后，表示“具有...特征的”或“被...的”或“感到...的”
有...的：sight→sighted；qualify→qualified; fail→failed; advance→advanced被...的：imprt→imprted; intend→intended; build→built已经...的：fall→fallen; bil→biled; retire→retired感到...的：please→pleased; mve→mved; excite→excited; disappint→disappinted
-ble(-able/-ible)
表示“可/能...的，具有...性质的”
remark→remarkable; value→valuable; affrd→affrdable; knwledge→knwledgeable；reasn→reasnable; cmfrt→cmfrtable; access→accessible
-y
表示“充满...的，有...倾向的，似...地”
wealth→wealthy；fg→fggy；guilt→guilty;nise→nisy; taste→tasty；smell→smelly; luck→lucky; ice→icy; juice→juicy; wrd→wrdy
-ive
表示“有…性质的，有…倾向的”
Impress→impressive; effect→effective; create→creative
-us
表示“有...性质的，充满...的”
anxiety→anxius; humr→humrus; cntinue→cntinuus; curage→curageus; variety→varius; curisity→curius
-ly
表示“具有……性质或特点的，每隔……时间的”
friend→friendly; dead→deadly; live→lively; lve→lvely; day→daily; week→weekly; mnth→mnthly
-ic
表示“与……有关的”
histry→histric; symbl→symblic; system→systematic; her→heric
-en
表示“由……制成(或构成)的，像……一样的”
wd→wden; wl→wllen; gld→glden