高考英语二轮-主谓一致三原则（专项训练）（北京专用）（教师版）

这是一份高考英语二轮-主谓一致三原则（专项训练）（北京专用）（教师版），共32页。
TOC \ "1-2" \h \u \l "_Tc17943" 01 课标达标练
\l "_Tc20184" 02 核心突破练
\l "_Tc5699" 03 真题溯源练
1.The girl, as well as her parents, (be) ging t visit China next week.
【答案】is
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：这个女孩和她的父母下周将访问中国。当主语后面跟有 as well as 连接的名词时，谓语动词的形式要和主语保持一致。本句的主语是 The girl，为第三人称单数，根据 next week可知用一般将来时，be ging t结构中，be动词用 is。故填is。
2.Between 11 and 15 millin Africans (ship) verseas and sld int slavery. Over the years, the wars have becme int a mre cmplex and cmplicated prblem.
【答案】were shipped
【解析】考查动词时态和语态。句意：1100万至1500万非洲人被运往海外，并被卖为奴隶。空处是句子的谓语动词，主语Africans与动词ship“运送；船运”之间为被动关系，且此处描述过去发生的事情，需用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为复数，be动词需用were。故填were shipped。
3.Like many yung Africans, Jean Philippe N’ Dri’s interest in Kung Fu began with martial arts mvies. During his secnd year f cllege, he jined the martial arts club. With the assistance f the club, he, tgether with ther 5 students (give)the pprtunity t visit the Shalin Temple in China’s Henan prvince.
【答案】was given
【解析】考查谓语动词。句意：在俱乐部的帮助下，他和其他5名学生获得了前往中国河南省少林寺参观的机会。分析句子成分可知，空处考查本句谓语动词；根据上文时态可知，本句时态为一般过去时；主语为“he”，单数，和动词“give”之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填was given。
4.The trend fr Indian film prductin cmpanies t becme partners with western filmmakers (link) t the verall grwth f the industry and its patterns as well.
【答案】is linked
【解析】考查被动语态。句意：印度电影制作公司与西方电影制作人成为合作伙伴的趋势，也与该行业的整体增长及其模式有关。空格处需要填入谓语动词，此处描述的是一种趋势或者状态，所以应该使用一般现在时；主语The trend是单数，且与link之间为被动关系，所以需要使用一般现在时的被动语态，be动词用is。故填is linked。
5.Since June 2020,the Las-China Railway C has recruited and trained La trainees and mre than 800 La emplyees, r ver 90 percent f the trainees, （assign）specific psitins.
【答案】have been assigned
【解析】考查动词的时态和被动语态。句意：自2020年6月以来，老中铁路公司已招聘培训老挝研修生，800多名老挝员工被分配到特定岗位，占学员总数的90%以上。空格处作谓语，根据前一分句可推知主语ver 90 percent f the trainees与assign之间为被动关系, 且根据时间状语 since 可知应用现在完成时的被动语态。故填 have been assigned。
6.In 2006, the traditinal festival ______ (list) as part f China’s natinal intangible cultural heritage.
【答案】was listed
【解析】 was listed考查动词时态和语态。句意：2006年，这个传统节日被列为中国国家非物质文化遗产。设空处使用动词作谓语，in 2006为一般过去时，此处festival与list之间是被动关系，故使用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was listed。
7.In 2008, it ______ (be) recgnized as a public hliday in the Chinese mainland.
【答案】was
【解析】 was考查动词时态。句意：2008年，它被认定为中国大陆的公共假日。in 2008为一般过去时时间标志，it表示单数意义。故填was。
8.“When I did rehearsals (排练) with the lcal musicians, I ________ (attract) by their cperatin in spite f the lng flight.”
【答案】was attracted
【解析】was attracted考查动词语态。句意：“当我和当地音乐家一起排练时，尽管长途飞行，我还是被他们的合作所吸引。”空处为句子谓语，且由did rehearsals可知，句子时态用一般过去时，主语I与attract“吸引”之间为被动关系，故应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为I，be动词用was。故填was attracted。
9.East China’s Shandng prvince, where the Yellw River flws int the sea, is prmting the deep integratin f culture and turism. S far, Shandng (launch) many cultural turism prjects, making great prgress in digging int the culture and value f the Yellw River t bst the high-quality develpment f the regin.
【答案】has launched
【解析】考查时态。句意：迄今为止，山东已经启动了许多文化旅游项目，在挖掘黄河文化和价值方面取得了重大进展，以推动该地区的高质量发展。根据上文S far可知为现在完成时，主语为Shandng，助动词用has。故填has launched。
10.Traditinal Chinese aesthetic (美学的) cncepts (reflect) in the drum playing, pace and frmatin changes, all f which represent distinctive lcal features.
【答案】are reflected
【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。句意：中国传统美学观念体现在鼓的演奏、节奏和形态的变化上，这些都代表了鲜明的地方特色。分析句子可知，空格处应填入谓语动词。根据上文时态可知，此处应用一般现在时态。主语Traditinal Chinese aesthetic (美学的) cncepts与reflect是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用被动语态。故填are reflected。
11.Anther significant traditin is the Zhuang peple’s dietary habits. Their cuisine usually (use) fresh, lcally-surced ingredients, like vegetables, grains and herbs.
【答案】uses
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：他们的饮食通常使用新鲜的当地食材，如蔬菜、谷物和草药。空处是句子的谓语动词，根据空前的usually可知，句子描述习惯性经常性行为，时态需用一般现在时，主语Their cuisine是第三人称单数，其谓语需用第三人称单数uses。故填uses。
12.Cultural reputatin and saring srghum csts (see) Mutai prices skyrcket ver the past few years.
【答案】have seen
【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：在过去的几年里，文化声誉和不断上涨的高粱成本导致茅台价格大幅上涨。空处为句子的谓语，根据时间状语ver the past few years可知，此处使用现在完成时，主语为Cultural reputatin and rising srghum csts，是复数主语，助动词使用have。故填have seen。
13.In the rich variety f Chinese cuisine, Nian Ga, a traditinal glutinus rice (糯米) cake, (hld) a special place, especially during Chinese New Year celebratins.
【答案】hlds
【解析】考查动词时态。 句意：在丰富多样的中国美食中，年糕，一种传统的糯米糕，有着特殊的地位，尤其是在中国新年庆祝活动中。本句描述一般事实，句子时态用一般现在时，且Nian Ga为第三人称单数，谓语用hld“持有”的第三人称单数。故填hlds。
14.Fur treasures f the study —brush, ink, paper and ink slab (端砚) , cannt be ignred when we appreciate and understand Chinese calligraphy and traditinal painting. It is widely accepted that the best f each f these items (represent) by the Hu brush, Hui ink stick, Xuan paper, and Duan ink slab.
【答案】is represented
【解析】考查被动语态。句意：人们普遍认为，这些物品中最好的分别由湖笔、徽墨、宣纸和端砚所代表。所给词“represent”作主语从句谓语，根据“It is widely accepted”可知，句子时态为一般现在时，主语“the best f each f these items”和“represent”构成被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态，表示“被代表”的含义，主语是the best f each f these items ，谓语动词用单数形式。故填is represented。
15.Hence, it (be) a main type f paper fr traditinal Chinese calligraphy and painting.
【答案】is
【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：因此，它成为传统中国书法和绘画的主要用纸。空处作谓语，句子描述了现在的客观事实，应用一般现在时，主语为“it”，谓语动词用单数形式。故填is。
16.Since July 2019, China’s nline fd-delivery platfrm Eleme __________ (carry) ut a new service f picking up garbage frm its users in Shanghai.
【答案】has carried
【解析】 has carried考查时态。句意：自2019年7月以来，中国在线外卖平台饿了么在上海推出了一项新服务，即接单为用户扔垃圾。空处为句子谓语动词，根据时间状语“Since July 2019”可知，本句时态为现在完成时；主语为“China’s nline fd-delivery platfrm Eleme”，单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填has carried。
17.A reprt shwed that the market value f secndhand items rse frm 300 billin yuan in 2015 t ver l trillin yuan in 2020, and________(expect) t hit 3 trillin yuan in 2025.
【答案】is expected
【解析】is expected考查动词时态和语态。句意：一份报告显示，二手物品的市场价值从2015年的3000亿元上升到2020年的1万亿元，预计到2025年将达到3万亿元。根据expect及in 2025可知，此处表示“预计”用一般现在时，主语the market value与expect构成被动关系。故填is expected。
18.The drp site is at the tp f a watchtwer alng the Badaling sectin f the Great Wall, an area previusly untuched by cmmercial activities as it ______ (prtect) by planning regulatins.
【答案】is prtected
【解析】 is prtected考查动词语态。句意：投放地点位于长城八达岭段的一个瞭望塔的顶部，由于受到规划法规的保护，该地区以前没有商业活动。空处作谓语，陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，it和prtect为被动关系，需用被动语态，主语为it，be动词用is。故填is prtected。
19.While drne delivery is new t Beijing, the technlgy ___43___ (exist) in ther parts f China fr several years.
【答案】has existed
【解析】has existed考查动词时态。句意：尽管无人机送货对北京来说是新鲜事物，但这项技术在中国其他地区已经存在了好几年。根据时间状语“fr several years”可知，使用现在完成时，主语为the technlgy，助动词用has。故填has existed。
20.S far this year mre than 100 millin peple ________ (buy) flwers, plants and related gardening gds nline.
【答案】have bught
【解析】 have bught考查时态和主谓一致。句意：今年到目前为止，已有超过1亿人在网上购买了花卉、植物和相关园艺商品。由时间状语S far this year可知，符合现在完成时，且主语mre than 100 millin peple表复数，谓语结构应用have+过去分词。故填have bught。
21.S far, the imprted cffee business________ (embrace) the Chinese style and culture t create a new image fr cffee as a lifestyle beverage.
【答案】has embraced
【解析】 has embraced考查时态和主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，进口咖啡业务已经拥抱了中国风和文化，创造了咖啡作为一种生活方式饮料的新形象。根据时间状语“S far”可知，本句应用现在完成时。主语为the imprted cffee business，助动词使用has。故填has embraced。
21.The market fr bubble tea has a significant fruit flavr categry that (prvide) cnsumers with a variety f delicius chices.
【答案】prvides
【解析】考查时态。句意：市面上的珍珠奶茶有显著的水果口味，为消费者提供了多种美味的选择。分析句子结构可知，从句缺谓语动词，描述客观情况用一般现在时，先行词是单数，故谓语动词用单数。故填prvides。
22.Many f the city’s icnic landmarks and structures, such as the Eiffel Twer, the Luvre Museum, and Place de la Cncrde, (situate)alng its banks.
【答案】are situated
【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：这座城市的许多标志性地标和建筑，如埃菲尔铁塔、卢浮宫和协和广场，都位于其河岸。主语为复数，且与动词situate之间是被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态，故填are situated。
23.In the 17th century, swimming in the Seine was very ppular. But fr the last hundred years, it (prhibit) due t health and safety cncerns.
【答案】has been prhibited
【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：但在过去的一百年里，由于健康和安全问题，游泳被禁止。根据时间状语fr the last hundred years，应用现在完成时，且与主语之间是被动关系，故填has been prhibited。
24.The new catalyst, designed by researchers at City University Hng Kng (City U) and tested by fellws at Imperial Cllege Lndn, culd (scale) up fr mass use.
【答案】be scaled
【解析】考查动词时态和语态。句意：这种由香港城市大学的研究人员设计并由伦敦帝国理工学院的同行测试的新催化剂，可以扩大规模以供大规模使用。主语new catalyst与scale之间为被动关系，需要用被动语态，culd后加动词原形。故填be scaled。
25.Chinese scientists have fund a new plant species f Orecharis (马铃苣苔属) in suthwest China’s Yunnan Prvince, accrding t the Chengdu Institute f Bilgy (CIB) under the Chinese Academy f Sciences (CAS). The findings, made by researchers frm the CIB and Guangxi Institute f Btany f the CAS, (publish) recently in the jurnal Eclgy and Evlutin.
【答案】have been published/were published
【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。句意：这一发现是由中国科学院广西植物研究所和中国科学院广西植物研究所的研究人员共同完成的，最近发表在《生态与进化》杂志上。分析句式可知，这个句子的主语是 findings，它和 publish构成了逻辑上的被动关系。再根据本空后的时间状语 recently可知，此处应该用现在完成时的被动语态或一般过去时的被动语态。故填have been published/were published。
26.There have already been numerus in-depth studies n the ptential jb lsses caused by the large-scale applicatin f AI, and many a slutin (prpse), including slwing dwn the pace f AI technlgy applicatin, assisting in reemplyment, and impsing AI taxes. Nw, the vernight ppularity f Sra reminds peple that it is time t accelerate, refine and implement these measures.
【答案】has been prpsed
【解析】考查谓语动词。句意：已经有许多关于大规模应用人工智能可能导致的失业的深入研究，并提出了许多解决方案，包括放慢人工智能技术应用的步伐、协助再就业和征收人工智能税。此处为and后句子的谓语，根据and前句子的谓语have been和句意可知，and后的句子用现在完成时，表示到现在已经提出了许多解决方案，且prpse“提议，提供”与其逻辑主语slutin之间是被动关系，应用现在完成时的被动语态，主语为many a slutin，助动词用has 。故填has been prpsed。
27.Fr thse wh cannt make it t Guanghan, where the extensive site f Sanxingdui is lcated, an immersive exhibitin equipped with digital technlgy, titled Hell Sanxingdui,
(ffer) an alternative means t be awed by the magnificence f this Brnze Age culture. It is running at the Lngfu Art Museum in Beijing until Feb 29.
【答案】ffers
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：对于那些不能去广汉三星堆遗址所在地的人来说，一个名为“你好，三星堆”的数字技术沉浸式展览为他们提供了另一种方式，让他们惊叹于青铜时代文化的辉煌。此处陈述目前事实，应用一般现在时，主语为an immersive exhibitin，谓语用三单形式。故填ffers。
28.On shw life-size reprductins f dzens f astnishing artifacts, supervised by Sanxingdui Museum, such as 2.6-meter brnze statues, 3.8-meter-wide brnze masks and “the hly tree” standing nearly 4 meters.
【答案】are
【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：在三星堆博物馆的监督下，展出了数十件真人大小的惊人文物，如2.6米高的青铜雕像、3.8米宽的青铜面具和近4米高的“圣树”。此处陈述目前事实，应用一般现在时，此处为倒装句，主语为life-size reprductins f dzens f astnishing artifacts，谓语用复数。故填are。
29.“The prmtin f hanfu 39 (becme) easier in recent years.
39．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：李说：“近年来，汉服的推广变得更容易了。随着社交媒体平台上的曝光率不断增加，越来越多的人对汉服感兴趣并愿意了解它。”根据时间状语 in recent years 可知，空处谓语动词需用现在完成时态：have/has dne，主语是单数 prmtin，所以此处助动词需用 has。故填has becme。
30.Lking ahead, the museum suvenir market in China 50 (expect) t cntinue grwing.
50．考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：展望未来，中国博物馆纪念品市场有望继续增长。分析句子可知，句子主语the museum suvenir market与expect之间为被动关系，且句中缺少谓语动词，因此这里使用谓语动词的被动形式，且主语是单数，根据主谓一致原则，这里使用is expected。故填is expected。
31.Chinese sauerkraut, a pickle which 3 (make) f Chinese cabbage, is a traditinal specialty f the nrtheastern regin and is nw sld arund the cuntry and4 exprted verseas.
3．考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：中国酸菜是一种由白菜制成的泡菜，是东北地区的传统特产，现在销往全国各地并出口到海外。make(制作)是定语从句中谓语动词，与主语which(即先行词a pickle)之间是被动关系，描述客观事实，应使用一般现在时态，又因主语是单数名词，所以谓语动词也应使用单数形式。综上，谓语应用一般现在时的被动语态，单数形式。故填is made。
32.Chinese acrbatic (杂技) dates back t the Nelithic, when ancient peple develped it frm daily life fr enjyment and celebratin. The use f daily items such as tables, chairs, bwls and plates 1 (be) cmmn in their perfrmances.
1．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：在他们的表演中，使用桌子、椅子、碗和盘子等日常用品是很常见的。根据前文“when ancient peple develped it frm daily life fr enjyment and celebratin”和句意可知，句子使用一般过去时，主语为The use，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填was。
33.At the heart f the exhibitin, Girl n a Swing 5 (surrund) by blck-clr paintings and a recreated grassy area, reflecting the artist’s inner wrld with clrs f glden crnfields, shining sun, and expansive greenery spreading ut.
5．考查动词时态，被动语态和主谓一致。句意：在展览的中心，Girl n a Swing被色块画和重建的草地包围着，用金色的玉米地、灿烂的阳光和广阔的绿色植物的颜色反映了艺术家的内心世界。空格处作谓语，主语Girl n a Swing为第三人称单数，且根据句意为一般过去时，主语和动词surrund之间为被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was surrunded。
34.The Dngfeng Landing Site has a search zne f tens f thusands f square kilmeters, which 5 (cntain) desert, salt flats, as well as wetlands that make it challenging t find ut 6 the reentry mdule might land.
5．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：东风着陆场的搜索区域有数万平方公里，包括沙漠、盐滩以及使确定返回舱可能着陆地点变得具有挑战性的湿地。cntain意为“包括”，句子描述的是一般事实，应用一般现在时，which引导的非限制性定语从句中，先行词为The Dngfeng Landing Site，引导词which代替先行词作主语，为第三人称单数，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填cntains。
6．考查宾语从句。句意：东风着陆场的搜索区域有数万平方公里，包括沙漠、盐滩以及使确定返回舱可能着陆地点变得具有挑战性的湿地。空处引导宾语从句，从句缺少地点状语，需用连接副词where引导。故填where。
35.At the age f 6, she started t help her mther t make Su embridery items, all f which 29 (sell)t supprt the family.
29．考查动词时态语态。句意：16岁起，她就开始帮助母亲制作苏绣品，靠卖苏绣品来维持一家人的生计。此处为一般过去时，items和sell是被动关系，用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是复数，谓语也用复数。故填were sld。
36.The precise lcatins f the shipwrecks and the assciated cultural relics 36 (determine) thrugh the use f ceangraphic technlgy and underwater investigatins invlving manned submersibles, which cnducted 41 dives thrughut the year, as cnfirmed by Sng Jianzhng, 37 researcher at the Natinal Center fr Archaelgy.
36．考查动词时态和语态。句意：据国家考古中心研究员宋建忠证实，沉船和相关文物的精确位置是通过使用海洋学技术和水下调查确定的，其中包括载人潜水器，全年进行了41次潜水。分析句子，设空处使用动词作谓语。句中The precise lcatins f the shipwrecks and the assciated cultural relics与determine之间是被动关系，同时句子表述过去事实，故使用一般过去时的被动语态。故填were determined。
37．考查冠词。句意：同上。句中researcher为可数名词，设空处应该使用冠词，此处表示泛指，且researcher首字母为辅音音素。故填a。
37.Befre the new discvery, the fishing and hunting 45 (knw) t be main activities in Hngshan ancestrs’ life.
45．考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：在新发现之前，捕鱼和狩猎是红山祖先生活的主要活动。空处作句子的谓语，结合“Befre the new discvery”可知，此处在叙述过去发生的事情，时态应用一般过去时，knw和主语the fishing and hunting之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，且主语是复数，be动词应用were。故填were knwn。
38.Mid-Autumn Festival and Lunar New Year are as imprtant t them in Australia as they 4 (be) in China, and will cntinue t be s.
4．考查时态。句意：中秋节和农历新年对他们来说在澳大利亚和在中国一样重要，并且将继续如此。设空处为谓语，此处指他们以前在国内的时候，应用一般过去时。故填were。
39.Upn return, Huang 8 (appint) chief scientist f China’s biggest deep earth explratin prgram.
8．考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：回国后，黄被任命为中国最大的深地探测项目的首席科学家。陈述过去的事实，使用一般过去时，Huang和appint为被动关系，需用被动语态，主语为Huang，be动词用was。故填was appinted。
40.This type f embridery 13 (feature) a bld use f brilliant clrs.Chen Yunzhen, frm Beichuan Qiang Autnmus Cunty in Sichuan Prvince, is a master f Qiang embridery.
13．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：这种刺绣的特点是大胆地使用鲜艳的颜色。陈述客观事实用一般现在时，主语 This type f embridery 是单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填 features。
41.This philsphy 38 (fascinate) and inspired peple in China, as well as thse in many Asian cuntries and mre recently in the West, ver the curse f many centuries.
38．考查时态。句意：几个世纪以来，这一哲学使中国人以及许多亚洲国家和最近的西方国家的人们着迷和鼓舞。根据后文ver the curse f many centuries可知为现在完成时，主语为philsphy，助动词用has。故填has fascinated。
42.Cleaning must be dne befre the hliday, 46 (typical) in January r February, since sweeping after the festivities 47 (see) as remving gd luck.
46．考查副词。句意：大扫除必须在节前完成，通常是在1月或2月，因为在庆祝活动结束后大扫除被视为会带走好运。此空为副词作状语修饰介词短语，typical的副词为typically意为“通常”符合句意。故填typically。
47．考查谓语动词。句意：大扫除必须在节前完成，通常是在1月或2月，因为在庆祝活动结束后大扫除被视为会带走好运。此空为谓语动词，结合句意可知，此处讲述的是经常性发生的动作，所以此处使用一般现在时，see与主语sweeping after the festivities之间为被动关系，用被动语态，且主语为动名词短语，所以谓语动词应为单数。故填is seen。
43.“I’m just waiting. I trust my team. Once the decisin 52 (make), I will review everything. Tw years wuld be lng, in the case f ne year I might see.
52．考查时态语态。句意：一旦做出决定，我会重新审视一切。主语decisin与谓语构成被动关系，且主句为一般将来时，从句用一般现在时的被动语态，谓语用单数。故填is made。
44.Guardila is expected t leave when his current City deal 56 (end) next year but De Bruyne des nt see that as a reasn t mve n himself.
56．考查时态。句意：瓜迪奥拉预计将在明年与曼城的合同到期后离开，但德布鲁因并不认为这是他离开的理由。从句陈述事实用一般现在时，主语为his current City deal，谓语用三单形式。故填ends。
45.This is bvius because59 Man City lst the tw Premier League matches which De Bruyne didn’t participate in, scring nne, and it 60 (be) De Bruyne himself cntributing a whle lt t save Man City frm being slashed by Real Madrid.
60．考查时态。句意：这是显而易见的，因为曼城输掉了德布鲁因没有参加的两场英超比赛，一球未进，而正是德布鲁因自己为拯救曼城而做出了很大的贡献。根据上文didn’t可知，为一般过去时，主语为it，谓语用单数。故填was。
46.Dazhai, a village surrunded1 (surrund) by muntains n all sides in Guangxi's Lngsheng autnmus cunty f varius ethnic grups, which basts arund 66 square kilmeters f terraced (梯田形的) fields that have been cultivated fr arund 2,300 years, 2 (attract) tens f thusands f visitrs every year.
2．考查时态。句意：同上。此处作谓语动词，主语为a village，为单数，主语a village与attract之间为主动关系，且此处时间状语为every year，故应用一般现在时，故填attracts。
47.Prcelain is the creative fruit f 8 wrking peple f ancient China. Since the Han and Tang Dynasties, prcelain 9 (exprt) wrldwide.
8．考查冠词。句意：瓷器是中国古代劳动人民创造的成果。此处特指“中国古代劳动人民”，前应用定冠词修饰。故填the。
9．考查动词时态，语态和主谓一致。句意：自汉唐以来，瓷器已经出口到世界各地:它促进了中国与外部世界的经济和文化交流，并极大地影响了其他国家人民的传统文化和生活方式。exprt作本句谓语，和主语prcelain之间是被动关系，用被动语态，根据标志词since可知，用现在完成时，主语prcelain为第三人称单数。故填has been exprted。
48.The first z 1.__________ (establish) arund 3,500 years ag by an Egyptian queen fr her persnal enjyment.
was established 考查谓语动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据时间状语“arund 3,500 years ag”可知是过去时态，主语“The first z”和谓语动词establish之间是被动关系，且主语是the first z，谓语用单数，故填was established。
49.While the climate is generally mild and humid, and rain falls regularly, the landscape 5 (range) frm snw-capped muntain s in the nrth t subtrpical lw-altitudes(亚热带低海拔地区) in the sutheast.
【答案】ranges
【答案】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：虽然气候普遍温和湿润，雨水定期降落，但景观从北部的雪山到东南部的亚热带低海拔地区各不相同。range “范围从……到……”。“_____ (range) frm snw-capped muntains in the nrth t subtrpical lw-altitudes in the sutheast”为主句，且描述的是客观事实，所以时态应用一般现在时；又因为主语the landscape为第三人称单数，所以谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填ranges。
It 3.__________ (take) three years t cmplete and 4.__________ (build) using an interesting methd. This included digging up the rad, laying the track and then building a strng rf ver the tp.
3．tk 根据句意“它用了三年的时间完成”，故用一般过去时。
4．was built 根据句意“它是用有趣的方式被建造的”，可知此处应为一般过去时的被动语态。
题型一 阅读表达
（2025·北京通州·一模）In the quiet twn f Bishp Strtfrd, there exists a unique Victrian shp called the Petry Pharmacy(药房). What appears t be a regular pharmacy frm the utside is actually filled with bks and literary gifts inside. The funder, Debrah Alma, a pet herself, set up this magical place t bring petry clser t peple, where pems are prescribed t cmfrt the sul.
Debrah riginally started ding petry prescriptins part-time, using an ld ambulance that she was driving arund the cuntry. She became knwn as “the emergency pet”, recmmending pems t peple at varius events like literary festivals.
After a few years, Debrah started getting tired f wrking utside, and she was lking fr a change. “I’ve been aware f a place fr sale n and ff fr years. I went there, and lked thrugh the windws — yu can see all these dusty shelves f an ld hardware stre which lked like an ld pharmacy. And I said t my husband, ‘Can yu imagine all my pill bttles n thse shelves? We culd have a petry pharmacy here!’”
Inside Debrah’s petry pharmacy, there is a café, a library, and a few rms — ne f which gives hme t Debrah’s ne-n-ne cnsultatins. These cnsultatins are designed similarly t cnventinal therapy sessin is peple are asked t share their feelings and wrries t get the right pems prescribed fr them. “I ask what they wuld like t be prescribed pems fr — and it may be smething quite light, r it can be quite a prfund thing; like grief r heartbreak r lack f self-cnfidence r anxiety abut their future. And having listened t them, I give them the gift f a pem. These pems are all very reslved — they are all full f hpe r ptimism.”
40．What’s the purpse fr Debrah Alma t set up the Petry Pharmacy?

41．What made Debrah t have the idea f establishing the Petry Pharmacy?

42．Decide which part f the fllwing statement is wrng. Underline it and explain why.
During the cnsultatins, peple share their feelings and wrries, s that Debrah can prvide cnventinal prescriptins fr them.

43．What ther way(s) can yu think f t cmfrt the sul f thers?
(In abut 40 wrds)

【答案】40．Debrah Alma set up the Petry Pharmacy t bring petry clser t peple, where pems are prescribed t cmfrt the sul. 41．Seeing the dusty shelves f an ld hardware stre which lked like an ld pharmacy. 42．During the cnsultatins, peple pen up abut their prblems, s that Debrah can prvide cnventinal prescriptins fr them.
Accrding t the passage, peple are asked t share their feelings and wrries t get the right pems prescribed fr them. S, “During the cnsultatin, peple share their feelings and wrries, s that they can get the right pems fr them.” 43．Listening carefully when thers talk and giving sincere advice can als cmfrt their suls.
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了在毕晓普斯托福德镇的独特的诗歌药房，包括其创办目的、创办契机、店内服务等。
40．考查细节理解。根据第一段“The funder, Debrah Alma, a pet herself, set up this magical place t bring petry clser t peple, where pems are prescribed t cmfrt the sul.(创始人黛博拉・阿尔玛本人就是一位诗人，她设立这个神奇的地方是为了让诗歌更贴近人们，在这里，诗歌被当作慰藉心灵的药方)”可知，黛博拉・阿尔玛设立诗歌药房的目的是让诗歌更贴近人们，用诗歌慰藉心灵。故答案为Debrah Alma set up the Petry Pharmacy t bring petry clser t peple, where pems are prescribed t cmfrt the sul.
41．考查细节理解。根据第三段“I went there, and lked thrugh the windws — yu can see all these dusty shelves f an ld hardware stre which lked like an ld pharmacy. And I said t my husband, ‘Can yu imagine all my pill bttles n thse shelves? We culd have a petry pharmacy here!’(我去了那里，透过窗户看去 —— 你可以看到旧五金店满是灰尘的架子，看起来就像一个旧药房。然后我对我丈夫说：“你能想象那些架子上放着我所有的药瓶吗？我们可以在这里开一家诗歌药房！”)”可知，是看到旧五金店那看起来像旧药房且满是灰尘的架子，让黛博拉有了建立诗歌药房的想法。故答案为Seeing the dusty shelves f an ld hardware stre which lked like an ld pharmacy.
42．考查细节理解。根据第四段“These cnsultatins are designed similarly t cnventinal therapy sessins as peple are asked t share their feelings and wrries t get the right pems prescribed fr them.(这些咨询的设计类似于传统的治疗过程，人们被要求分享他们的感受和担忧，以便得到为他们开出的合适的诗歌)”可知，黛博拉提供的是诗歌处方，而不是传统的处方。故答案为During the cnsultatins, peple share their feelings and wrries, s that Debrah can prvide cnventinal prescriptins fr them.
Accrding t the passage, peple are asked t share their feelings and wrries t get the right pems prescribed fr them. S, “During the cnsultatin, peple share their feelings and wrries, s that they can get the right pems fr them.”
43．考查开放性试题。在我看来，当别人倾诉时认真倾听并给出真诚建议也能慰藉他们的心灵。故答案为Listening carefully when thers talk and giving sincere advice can als cmfrt their suls.
2
（2025·北京市海淀区·二模）“Yur rder is n its way!” Is there any ntificatin that brings mre jy than this? But there culd be mre behind yur mtivatins fr hitting “buy nw”. A survey fund ver a quarter f respndents reprted “dm spending” — splashing cash n unnecessary purchases despite ecnmic cncerns t cpe with stress.
Dm spending can put yu at risk f financial stress, cause tensin in relatinships, evke feelings f shame, and drain yur bank balance f funds that culd be spent therwise. But why is it s hard t resist the urge t spend?
The reasn we feel happy and satisfied when swiping ur credit cards is the dpamine rush it ffers. Interestingly, the dpamine desn’t turn up in the acquisitin f smething. It ccurs in the impulse r the mtivatin t g frth and hunt. In ther wrds, it’s the try-n f the perfect shes r the test drive f the new car rather than the actual buying. S when feeling the urge t buy, pause, nte the item and wait at least 24 hurs befre acting, allwing time fr dpamine’s effect t flw thrugh the bdy. Yu may find that after the effect wears ff, yu dn’t have the urge t buy.
Fr sme peple, shpping serves as a cping mechanism — a way t find cmfrt and build self-esteem r self-cnfidence. They ften turn t that prduct again and again, hping it will make them feel a little bit better. Hwever, this inability t prperly self-sthe can result in a “treat yurself” mentality after a bad day. If yu feel the need fr a treat r sme self-care, put yur credit card away and reach fr smething mre whlesme and lng-lasting like meditatin, spending time in nature, r cnnecting with friends. These alternatives nt nly prvide lnger-lasting benefits but als help fill yur emtinal well-being.
But being mindful with mney desn’t have t mean aviding spending n little things that bring yu jy. Little splurges and “treat yurself” mments can be a great way t bring happiness if they are cntrlled. Having allcated funds fr “splurge” purchases, and keeping a list n hw much t spend frm these can create a mre mindful apprach t spending, rather than ne that’s impulsive and stress-mtivated.
40．Accrding t the passage, what is “dm spending”?

41．What are the alternatives t cmfrt yurself instead f spending mney?

42．Please decide which part f the fllwing statement is false, then underline it and explain why.
Dpamine is released when peple actually buy smething, which makes them feel happy and satisfied.
43．What benefit(s) can yu get frm being mindful with mney? (In abut 40 wrds)

【答案】40．It is splashing cash n unnecessary purchases despite ecnmic cncerns t cpe with stress. 41．Meditatin, spending time in nature, r cnnecting with friends. 42．Dpamine is released when peple actually buy smething, which makes them feel happy and satisfied. Dpamine is released in the impulse r the mtivatin t g frth and hunt. 43．Being mindful with mney helps reduce financial stress, fsters healthier relatinships, and preserves funds fr meaningful lng-term gals. By managing impulsive spending, ne can maintain cntrl and experience greater satisfactin frm carefully chsen purchases and healthier emtinal well-being.
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要解释了什么是“厄运消费”以及这种消费背后的原因以及如何避免不必要的消费。
40．考查细节理解。根据第一段“A survey fund ver a quarter f respndents reprted “dm spending” — splashing cash n unnecessary purchases despite ecnmic cncerns t cpe with stress.(一项调查发现，超过四分之一的受访者称自己是“厄运消费”——不顾经济问题，为了应对压力，把钱花在不必要的东西上)”可知，“厄运消费”指的是不顾经济压力，仍在不必要的购买上大笔花钱。故答案为It is splashing cash n unnecessary purchases despite ecnmic cncerns t cpe with stress.
41．考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段“If yu feel the need fr a treat r sme self-care, put yur credit card away and reach fr smething mre whlesme and lng-lasting like meditatin, spending time in nature, r cnnecting with friends.(如果你觉得需要款待或自我照顾，把信用卡收起来，做一些更健康、更持久的事情，比如冥想、花时间在大自然中，或者和朋友联系)”可知，除了花钱，冥想，花时间在大自然中，或者与朋友联系可以得到安慰。故答案为Meditatin, spending time in nature, r cnnecting with friends.
42．考查细节理解。根据第三段“Interestingly, the dpamine desn’t turn up in the acquisitin f smething. It ccurs in the impulse r the mtivatin t g frth and hunt.(有趣的是，多巴胺不会出现在获得某些东西的过程中。它发生在外出狩猎的冲动或动机中)”可知，错误部分为“when peple actually buy smething”，因为多巴胺是在外出狩猎的冲动或动机中释放的。故答案为Dpamine is released when peple actually buy smething, which makes them feel happy and satisfied. Dpamine is released in the impulse r the mtivatin t g frth and hunt.
43．考查开放题。根据“注意金钱能给你带来什么好处？”可回答：注意金钱有助于减轻财务压力，促进更健康的关系，并为有意义的长期目标保留资金；通过管理冲动消费，人们可以保持控制，并从精心选择的购买和更健康的情绪健康中获得更大的满足感。故答案为Being mindful with mney helps reduce financial stress, fsters healthier relatinships, and preserves funds fr meaningful lng-term gals. By managing impulsive spending, ne can maintain cntrl and experience greater satisfactin frm carefully chsen purchases and healthier emtinal well-being.
题型二 应用文写作
1.
（2025·北京首师大附中·月考）假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你校英国留学生Jim暂时留在英国不能回校，但是他邮寄来的摄影作品“桃花 （peach blssm）”在你校“春天（Spring）”摄影展获得一等奖，请你给他写一封邮件，内容包括：
1. 祝贺获奖；
2. 介绍展出情况。
注意: 1.词数100左右；
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
Hw are yu getting alng in the UK these days? I am writing t tell yu sme gd news: yur phtgraph “peach blssm” has wn first prize in the phtgraphy exhibitin “Spring”! Cngratulatins!
It was yur creative cmpsitin and the vivid clr that made yur phtgraph stand ut. Mrever, the bird n the branch was especially impressive because it demnstrated the energetic spring in yur hmetwn and revealed a sense f vigr and hpe.
All the phtgraphs are nw n display in the schl gallery, each capturing a unique aspect f spring: sme present vibrant scenes; sme stress new hpe and life and thers celebrate true human emtin. What a success!
It is really unfrtunate that yu can’t cme t appreciate all the exquisite phtgraphs in persn. T remedy this, I’ll attach three pictures t shw what the exhibitin is like.
All the best.
Yurs,
Li Hua
【分析】本文是一篇应用文，就英国留学生Jim在摄影展获得一等奖表达祝贺。
【详解】第一步：审题
体裁：应用文
时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般现在时和一般将来时。
结构：总分法
总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。
要求：
1. 祝贺获奖；
2. 介绍展出情况。
第二步：列提纲（重点词组）
get alng; exhibitin; cmpsitin; stand ut; impressive; demnstrate; reveal; display; capture; vibrant; unfrtunate
第三步：连词成句
1. I am writing t tell yu sme gd news: yur phtgraph “peach blssm” has wn first prize in the phtgraphy exhibitin “Spring”! Cngratulatins!
2. It was yur creative cmpsitin and the vivid clr that made yur phtgraph stand ut.
3. Mrever, the bird n the branch was especially impressive because it demnstrated the energetic spring in yur hmetwn and revealed a sense f vigr and hpe.
4. All the phtgraphs are nw n display in the schl gallery, each capturing a unique aspect f spring: sme present vibrant scenes; sme stress new hpe and life and thers celebrate true human emtin.
5. It is really unfrtunate that yu can’t cme t appreciate all the exquisite phtgraphs in persn.
6. T remedy this, I’ll attach three pictures t shw what the exhibitin is like.
根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）
1.表文章结构顺序：First f all, Firstly/First, Secndly/Secnd… And then, Finally, In the end, At last（供参考）
2.表并列补充关系：Mrever
3.表转折对比关系：Hwever, On the cntrary, but, Althugh+clause(从句), In spite f+n/ding,On the ne hand…,On the ther hand… Sme…,while thers…,as fr, s…that… （供参考）
4.表因果关系：Because, As, S, Thus, Therefre, As a result （供参考）连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰。
【点睛】[高分句型1] It was yur creative cmpsitin and the vivid clr that made yur phtgraph stand ut. (运用了强调句)
[高分句型2] T remedy this, I’ll attach three pictures t shw what the exhibitin is like. (运用了what引导的宾语从句)
2
（2025·北京丰台·二模）假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你打算创建一个自媒体账号（self-media accunt），向外国人介绍如何学习汉语。请给你的外国朋友Jim用英文写一封邮件，内容包括：
1.账号的形式和内容；
2.征求对方的意见。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
I hpe this email finds yu well. I’m excited t share that I plan t create a self-media accunt t help freigners learn Chinese, and I’d lve t hear yur thughts!
The accunt will feature shrt vides, psts, and interactive live sessins. I plan t use psts r visuals t illustrates hw different characters develped ver time. I might als share sme shrt vides t demnstrate tnes and rle-play cnversatins, making the learning prcess bth engaging and effective. Plus, I’ll hld live Q&A sessins ccasinally t help freign friends slve prblems they encunter while learning.
Since yu’ve been learning Chinese, yur input wuld be invaluable. What tpics interest yu mst? Als, I’d lve t hear yur advice n the best frmats t present the cntent and any unique cultural angles that might be verlked.
Lking frward t yur suggestins!
Yurs,
Li Hua
【导语】本篇书面表达是一篇应用文，要求考生给外国朋友Jim写邮件，告知自己打算创建介绍外国人学习汉语的自媒体账号，阐述账号的形式与内容，并征求对方的意见。
【详解】1. 词汇积累
打算：plan t →intend t
展示：illustrates→demnstrate
有价值的：invaluable →priceless
遇到：encunter →cme acrss
2. 句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：I might als share sme shrt vides t demnstrate tnes and rle-play cnversatins, making the learning prcess bth engaging and effective.
拓展句：I might als share sme shrt vides t demnstrate tnes and rle-play cnversatins, which will make the learning prcess bth engaging and effective.
【点睛】【高分句型1】I plan t use psts r visuals t illustrate hw different characters develped ver time.（运用了hw引导的宾语从句作illustrate的宾语）
【高分句型2】Plus, I’ll hld live Q&A sessins ccasinally t help freign friends slve prblems they encunter while learning.（运用了省略关系代词的定语从句修饰先行词prblems以及状语从句中的省略结构）
2025年
1.（2025年全国一卷）A decent winner always ____61____ (try) t beat the ppnent by n mre than ne r tw pints as a gesture (姿态) f respect fr the ther side. ”
【答案】 61. tries
61.【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：一个不错的赢家总是尽力以仅仅一两分的优势击败对手，以表示对对方的尊重。根据always可知，本句描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，主语a decent winner为第三人称单数，所以谓语需用try“尽力”的第三人称单数tries。故填tries。
2.（2025年全国二卷） And in the prcess, I’ve experienced things that really surprise me at times. The “sunshine scent (香味)” f freshly sunned clthes ____41____ (be) ne f them.
【答案】41. is
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：晒过的衣服的“阳光的味道”就是其中之一。本句描述的是一般事实，时态用一般现在时，且主语The “sunshine scent (香味)” f freshly sunned clthes为第三人称单数，be动词用is。故填is。
3.（2025年北京卷） Making chices is part f life. By the time yu brushed yur teeth, yu ____15____ (make) several decisins even withut nticing.
【答案】 15. had made
15. 【解析】考查时态。句意：当你刷牙的时候，你甚至在不知不觉中已经做了好几个决定。根据时间状语“By the time yu brushed yur teeth”可知，此处表示在过去某一时间点之前已经完成的动作，时态应用过去完成时，谓语用had made。故填had made。
4.（2025年北京卷）Hwever, accrding t a reprt by the Wrld Wildlife Fund, turists ____18____ (leave) ver 1.3 billin tns f fd waste last year, ____19which____ accunted fr abut 8% f the ttal glbal gas release in 2024.
【答案】 left
【解析】考查时态。句意：然而，根据世界野生动物基金会的一份报告，去年游客产生了超过13亿吨的食物垃圾，这约占2024年全球气体排放总量的8%。根据“last year”可知，描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，“leave”的过去式是“left”。故填left。
5.（2025年1月浙江卷）The cncept ____62____ (be) certainly nt new — men have been renting gd suits fr decades — but fr female shppers, it is just taking ff. This clthing-as-service mdel fllws the brader scietal mvement twards shared ecnmies.
【答案】is
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：这个概念当然并不新鲜——几十年来，男性一直在租赁优质西装——但对于女性购物者来说，它才刚刚兴起。系动词be作谓语，句子陈述的是客观事实，用一般现在时，主语The cncept是单数名词，谓语动词用单数形式is。故填is。
2024年
1.【2024新课标Ⅰ卷】Further, the Silk Rute Garden arund the greenhuse ____60____ (walk) visitrs thrugh a jurney influenced by the ancient Silk Rad, by which silk as well as many plant species came t Britain fr ____the61____ first time.
60.【答案】walks
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：此外，围绕温室的丝绸之路花园带领游客走过一段受古丝绸之路影响的旅程。walk sb. thrugh，意为“带领某人穿过……”，空处为本句谓语动词，根据上文可知，本句时态为一般现在时，主语the Silk Rute Garden为单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填walks。
2.【2024全国甲卷】 They ____44____（be）part f a 15-member explring party that had spent almst five awesme weeks in witness f the natural beauties there.
【答案】were
【解析】考查时态。句意：他们是一个由15人组成的探险队的一部分，他们花了近五个星期的时间来见证那里的自然美景。本空前They指代上文提及的四个男人，时间为1870年，同时联系后文had spent的过去完成时可知，本空时态为过去式且为复数形式，故填were。
3.【2024新课标ⅠⅠ卷】 “Sme f the things that Tang was writing abut ___38___ (be)als Shakespeare’s cncerns.
38.【答案】were
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：“汤显祖所写的一些内容也是莎士比亚所关心的。我碰巧知道汤显祖的戏剧《牡丹亭》在某些方面与《罗密欧与朱丽叶》相似。”这里为本句谓语动词，根据句意以及定语从句时态可知，本句时态为一般过去时；主语为“sme f the things”，复数。故填were。
5.【2024北京卷】 My heart went ut t him, and I ___20___ (jg) ver t him. As I handed him the glasses, he lked at me and said, “Thanks!”
【20题详解】
考查时态。句意：我很同情他，然后朝他慢跑过去。句中and连接并列句，空处作后句谓语，根据句中went可知，此处描述过去发生的事，句子使用一般过去时，动词使用过去式形式jgged。故填jgged。
6.【2024浙江1月卷】If yur supermarket sells lse prduce, then buying smaller quantities is easier. Over the last tw years, sme supermarkets ____42____ (start) selling chicken r salad in packs ____designed43____ (design) with tw halves cntaining separate prtins (份).
【42题详解】
考查现在完成时。句意：在过去的两年里，一些超市开始销售鸡肉或沙拉包装，设计成两半，拆分成两份。根据“Over the last tw years”可知，此处应用现在完成时。动词start意为“开始”。故填have started。
7.【2024北京卷】On April 5, 2024, Jhn Tinniswd ___15___ (name) the wrld’s ldest living man.
【答案】was named
【解析】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：2024年4月5日，约翰·廷尼斯伍德被评为世界上在世最长寿的人。根据时间状语On April 5, 2024可知，此处描述过去发生的事，句子应用一般过去时；name与主语Jhn Tinniswd之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，主语Jhn Tinniswd是单数，be动词使用was。故填was named。
2023年
1.【2023年全国乙卷】 ___Having visited_46____ (visit) several times ver the last 10 years, I ____47____ (amaze) by the c-existence f ld and new, and hw a city was able t keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while cnstantly grwing. ____remarkable49____ (remark) develpment f this city, which is cnsciusly designed t prtect the past while stepping int the mdern wrld, _____50_____ (mean) there is always smething new t discver here, and I culd be phtgraphing Beijing fr the next 50 years.
【47题详解】
考查时态和语态。句意：在过去的10年里，我多次访问北京，我惊讶于这里的新旧共存，惊讶于一个城市如何在不断发展的同时保持如此丰富的文化遗产。这里为本句谓语动词，根据下文“hw a city was able t keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while cnstantly grwing.”可知，本句用一般过去时；主语I和动词amaze之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填was amazed。
【50题详解】
考查时态。句意：这座城市的显著发展，在有意识地保护过去的同时步入现代世界，意味着这里总是有新的东西等待发现，我可以在接下来的50年里一直拍摄北京。这里为本句谓语动词，根据上下文可知，本句时态为一般现在时；主语为“develpment”，单数，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填means。
2.【2023年全国乙卷】The clr she chse came in a bx which had a picture f a wman that hair clr lked just perfect.
3.考查时态。句意：她选的颜色装在一个盒子里，盒子里有一张女人的照片，她的头发颜色看起来非常完美。此处是定语从句的谓语动词，由上文Last Friday可知，应用一般过去时。故chse改为chse。
4.考查定语从句。句意：她选的颜色装在一个盒子里，盒子里有一张女人的照片，她的头发颜色看起来非常完美。此处是限定性定语从句，先行词是wman，关系词在从句中作hair的定语，应用关系代词whse引导。故that改为whse。
3.【2023年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】
As a little girl, I ___45___ (wish) t be a zkeeper when I grew up.
【45题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：作为一个小女孩，我希望长大后成为一名动物园管理员。分析句子结构可知，本句缺少谓语动词，所以wish作本句谓语，和主语I之间是主动关系，根据后文的grew可知用一般过去时。故填wished。
4.【2023年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】 As a little girl, I ___45___ (wish) t be a zkeeper when I grew up.
【45题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：作为一个小女孩，我希望长大后成为一名动物园管理员。分析句子结构可知，本句缺少谓语动词，所以wish作本句谓语，和主语I之间是主动关系，根据后文的grew可知用一般过去时。故填wished。
5.【2023年全国甲卷】I used t afraid f insects, but last Friday’ s bilgy class make a big change in
1.考查谓语动词。句意：我过去害怕昆虫，但是上星期五的生物课使我发生了很大的变化。表示“害怕……”短语为be afraid f，此处为used t d sth.。故t后添加be。
2.考查时态。句意：我过去害怕昆虫，但是上星期五的生物课使我发生了很大的变化。事情发生在上周五，故用一般过去时。故make改为made。
6.【2023年全国甲卷】 In the evening, when I take the walk in the schl garden, the singing f insects becme mre meaningful t me.
9.考查冠词。句意：晚上，当我在学校的花园里散步时，昆虫的歌声对我来说变得更有意义。表示“散步”短语为take a walk。故the改为a。
10.考查主谓一致。句意：晚上，当我在学校的花园里散步时，昆虫的歌声对我来说变得更有意义。此处为一般现在时，主语为the singing f insects，谓语用三单形式。故becme改为becmes。
7.【2023年浙江1月卷】The large siheyuan f these high-ranking fficials and wealthy businessmen ften 60 (feature)beautifully carved and painted rf beams and pillars(柱子).
【答案】featured
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：这些高级官员和有钱商人的高大的四合院，通常以雕刻精美和被粉刷的房顶横梁和柱子为特点。分析句子结构可知，空格处需要填谓语动词，再结合上下文时态可知，空格处应用一般过去时。故填featured。
8.【2023年北京卷】Fr these reasns, they are praised as “castal guardians”. Up t nw, China ____16____(establish) a number f prtected areas with mangrves.
【答案】has established
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，中国已经建立了一些红树林保护区。由Up t nw(到目前为止)可知，句子应用现在完成时，主语是China，助动词应用has，故填has established。
2022年
1.【2022新高考I卷】The plan will extend prtectin t a significant number f areas that __________ (be)previusly a three-year pilt perid, the GPNP will be fficially set up next year. 答案：were
解析：考查时态和主谓一致。句意：该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区，将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构，以提高效率，减少管理上的不一致性。设空处在that引导的限制性定语从句中作谓语，先行词为a significant number f areas，先行词在从句中作主语，根据“previusly (之前地)”可知从句的时态应为一般过去时，根据主谓一致，从句主语复数，从句谓语复数形式。故填were。
2.【2022全国甲卷】In the last five years, Ca ___________ (walk) thrugh 34 cuntries in six cntinents
答案：has walked
解析：考查动词时态。句意：在过去五年中，曹操穿越了六大洲的34个国家，2016年，他到达了乞力马扎罗山顶，这是非洲最高的山峰。根据时间状语in the last five years可知，此处应用现在完成时，主语Ca为第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填has walked。
3.【2022全国乙卷】The chairman f the China Culture Prmtin Sciety ___________ (address) the pening ceremny.
答案：addressed
解析：考查时态。句意：中国文化促进会会长在开幕式上致辞。陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。故填addressed。
4.【2022年浙江卷1月】But Cbb and thers ________ （be） nw questining that idea pushing cnferences t prvide mre chances t participate remtely, and ________（change） their persnal behavir t d their part in dealing with the climate change crisis. a website called N Fly Climate Sci, fr example, rughly 200 academics —many f them climate scientists __________ （prmise） t fly as little as pssible since the effrt started tw years ag.
答案：are；changing
解析：考查时态和主谓一致。句意：但是现在Cbb和其他人正在质疑那个想法，推动会议提供更多远程参加的机会以及为了尽自己的能力来应对气候变化危机，他们正在改变他们的个人行为。第一空：根据句意可知，此处也应使用现在进行时，主语为复数，故填are。第二空：分析句子结构可知，此处and连接并列的动词questining和change，故填changing。
答案：have prmised
解析：考查时态。句意：例如，在一个叫“无飞行科学家”的网站上，自从两年前成立以来，大约有200个学者，他们中很多人承诺尽可能少飞行。根据时间状语“since+过去时间”可知主句应使用现在完成时，故填have prmised。
5.【2022年新高考2卷】Henry ___42___ (fix) his car when he heard the screams. He lked up and saw Eric hanging frm the balcny. He quickly ___43___ (thrw) his tls aside, and started running, arms ut.
答案：42. was fixing 43. threw
【42题详解】
考查谓语动词。句意：听到尖叫声时，亨利正在修车。根据句子结构，设空处应该填写谓语动词。根据空后的when he heard the screams，可知，设空处的动作是正在发生的，同时该句描述的是过去的事实。故使用过去进行时。fix为动词，意为“修理”，其过去进行时为was fixing。故填was fixing。
【43题详解】
考查谓语动词过去式。句意：他迅速把工具扔到一边，伸出胳膊跑了起来。根据句子结构，设空处与空后的and started构成并且结构。故应该使用一般过去时。thrw为动词，意为“扔”，过去时为threw。故填threw。
6.【2022年北京卷】 Eventually, the man ____13____ (catch) up with her, and he was nly trying t return her wallet!
考查动词时态。句意：最终，那个男人追上了她，他只是想把她的钱包还给她！结合句意空处应填谓语动词的形式，动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时。故填caught。
7.【2022年北京卷】 This has been adpted t ensure easier detectin f gas leaks. Gas naturally ____16____ (have) n recgnisable smell.
考查主谓一致。句意：气体本来没有可识别的味道。分析句子结构可知空格处的动词作谓语，本句话是在陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时态，且主语gas在本文中指的是气体的统称，为不可数名词，所以谓语动词要用单三形式。故填has。
8.【2022年北京卷】The use f thse plastics ____20____ (increase) by 300% since 2019. The wrld wn’t survive if this situatin cntinues.
4.考查现在完成时。句意：自从2019年，那些塑料的使用已经增加了300%。根据句中since 2019，可知此处用现在完成时。主语The use f thse plastics为单数含义，助动词用has。故填has increased。
9. 【2022年天津卷第二次】Critical reasning, tgether with prblem-slving, ________ teenagers t make better decisins.
A. prepareB. prepares
C. is preparingD. are preparing
【答案】B
【解析】考查主谓一致和时态。句意：批判性推理和解决问题的能力有助于青少年做出更好的决定。短语tgether with/alng with/as well as, etc连接两个并列的名词或代词做主语时谓语动词的数由该结构前的名词或代词决定，句子主语为Critical reasning，谓语动词应用单数形式，此处为客观陈述，应用一般现在时。故选B项。
10. 【2022年天津卷第二次】The children failed t hide their disappintment when they fund ut the schl________ the party.
A. cancelsB. will cancel
C. has cancelledD. had cancelled
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词的时态。句意：当孩子们发现学校取消了派对时，他们无法掩饰他们的失望。结合句意可知，学校取消派对发生在前，孩子无法掩饰失望发生在后，故从句的cancel为“过去的过去”，需要用过去完成时态。故选D项。