浙江高考英语二轮讲义-概要写作（学生版）

这是一份浙江高考英语二轮讲义-概要写作（学生版），共25页。学案主要包含了高考预测，思维导图，应试秘籍，误区点拨，抢分通关等内容，欢迎下载使用。
目录
【高考预测】概要写作概率预测+题型预测+考向预测
【思维导图】概要写作考点考向思维导图
【应试秘籍】概要写作常考点及应对的策略
【误区点拨】概要写作点拨常见的易错点
【抢分通关】概要写作押题新高考方向，讲解通关策略（含新考法）


解题步骤：
概要写作主要考查考生对文章主旨大意的概括和准确获取关键词的能力，同时考查考生用简洁的语言概括文章重要信息的能力以及对文章整体结构的把握能力。因此，概要写作是基于阅读理解和书面表达之间，是二者的有机结合体，是阅读理解和书面表达的沟通桥梁。
第1步：抓住主旨 把握重点
通读全文，把握文本的篇章结构和行文逻辑，从宏观上抓住文本主旨。在此基础上设法从某一段落中找到一个能够概括全篇的支持句。如果难以找到的话，那么就需要考生提炼出能够总结出全文的主题句，为概要的写作准备必要的中心话题。
再读全文，弄清文本中的主要信息和次要信息，写作概要时要略去次要信息和细节性信息，以确保概要写作的简洁性；同时，在读文本的过程中要在某些重点词句下做出标记。根据文章不同的体裁可采取以下方法划出相关重点：对于记叙文要圈出记叙文的六要素。如果是夹叙夹议文，还要圈出故事给读者带来的启示或寓意；对于说明文要找出文章要说明的对象、观点或建议，其中对于说明文类的实验研究报告(上海高考的热点体裁)要圈出以下几部分组成：研究目的/背景、 研究过程(包括实施者，实验对象，采用方法，具体步骤)、研究结果、研究意义/应用、研究的不足/局限性；对于议论文要提取议论文的三要素(论点、论据、结论)。
第2步：概括段意 整合要点
在抓住主旨，把握重点之后，要根据每段的主题句和重点内容归纳出每段的段落大意；要点来自于段落大意，而要点全又是评分的重要方面。所以，在概要写作时只有把每段的大意都包括在内才能确保要点的全面。但是，要点全面并不是把各段的段意简单地相加，而是需要对要表达的内容(即各段段意)进行梳理，在梳理的基础上进行整合或提炼。
第3步：转换表达 连句成篇
所谓转换表达就是将整合或提炼出的要点采用各种各样的方式转换表达出来(避免整句照抄原文)。转换表达的方法主要有：同义转换法、正反转换法、词性转换法、句式转换法。将转换后的要点按照一定的逻辑顺序并使用衔接、过渡词语连句成篇，形成初稿。
第4步：检查修改 规范誊写
对初稿进行检查和修改。在内容上、语言上以及上下文的连贯性上进行检查：看是否包括了原文的所有要点，语言词汇的运用是否准确和地道，以及行文是否流畅，词数是否符合题干要求。对初稿进行修改：纠错和润色：纠正错词和病句，对初稿进行
易错点一：说明文概要写作秘籍1：说明文概要写作技巧
说明文（Expsitin）写作抓住关键句：文章第一段和各段第一句。说明文体的阅读材料内容大致可以分为以下几类：
现象揭示类：The article pints ut the cmmn phenmenn—(主题)，which…(补充解释)
利弊对比类：The article cmpares the disadvantages/benefits f A and B. A…while B…
The passage discusses the impact f sth.
On the psitive side,…, but it may als…
研究显示类：The study reveals that…; The purpse f the reprt is t shw that…
秘籍2：说明文概要写作模板
现象/问题 + 原因 + 解决方案（因果关系）
介绍一个物体（它是如何制造的，如何使用，可能会如何改变，它新在哪里或有何重要性）
(2023年6月高考真题)
Teenagers shuld be pulled f the sfa
Fr many years, scientists thught that the human brain was fully mature befre the teen years. They thught that a persn's brain grwth was cmplete and the structure was mre r less fixed by the age f 3. Hwever, mre recent research shws that althugh the brain reaches its maximum size between the ages f 12 and 14, brain develpment is nt yet cmplete.
The brain's functinally different sectins cmmunicate with each ther thrugh synapses- cnnectins between nerve(神经)cells.Scientists have fund that synapses grw r die away, depending n hw much they are used t prcess infrmatin,
The gd news is that teenagers d have the ptential, thrugh chice and behavir , t shape their brain develpment. The brain autmatically gets rid f the synapses that it desn't need in rder t make the remaining nes mre efficient. During the time the brain is remving synapses , the cells and cnnectins that are used survive, while the nes that are nt used die away. Fr example , if a teenager is ding music , sprts r academic studies, thse are the cells and cnnectins that will becme part f the brain's perating system. But unfrtunately, if he r she is lying n the sfa, watching TV and playing cmputer games, thse are the brain cells and cnnectins that will remain int adulthd. Therefre, what yu d with yur teenage years culd have an effect n the rest f yur life,
What is imprtant is that learning hw synapses grw r die away can help teenagers be better equipped t make mre intelligent chices, thus mtivating them t take a mment befre acting t cnsider the cnsequences f their actins. If yu dn't want t becme an adult wh is buried in the sfa all day lng, pull yurself ut f it when yu are still a teenager.
变式1： (2023年1月高考真题)
Fictin Reading
Fr many peple, nthing is mre enjyable than spending a whle afternn reading a gd nvel. But are nvels simply a pleasant way t pass the time, r culd it be true that reading fictin actually benefits ur lives?
One f the jys f fictin is that it can take us t places that ur lives wn't.It can transprt us t 17th-century France, r t war-tm Germany. It can take us t a future wrld in which artificial intelligence takes ver and bks are banned , r a fantasy wrld where peple battle it ut fr fd.
Fictin can als intrduce us t a whle range f peple that we haven't yet met. And this, accrding t Carrie Oates, a nvelist and academic , is perhaps the real benefit f stries.In ne f her studies, participants were asked t read either a shrt stry by Chekhv, r a versin f the stry in dcumentary frm. Thse wh were given the fictinalized versin were fund t be mre likely t sympathize with the characters, thus ging thrugh greater changes in persnality. in anther study, she shwed participants phts f the eyes f peple wh were feeling and thinking different things. The peple wh read fictin were better able t interpret thse thughts and feelings than thse wh didn't read. Oates explains that when we read fictin , we enter int the minds f the characters. We think abut why they behave in a certain way, and what they are likely t d next. Just as we might becme mre knwledgeable abut psychlgy and astrnmy if we read abut psychlgy and astrnmy , we get better at this kind f scial thinking if we read fictin. This imprves ur understanding f the thughts and feelings f thse arund us in real life.
变式2： (2022年7月高考真题)
Is there a crrelatin between high IQ and creative genius? Really, the phrasing f the questin cntradicts very much crrelatin, as “creativity” is in n way measured thrugh IQ standardized testing , and creativity is the greatest determinant f a genius as , like yu say , it is genius. Innvatin upn any subject requires a drive t create.
As nes IQ increases, there is an increased prbability that they are a genius because their level f creativity has a higher prbability f ascending( 升高) them t genius level. Hwever if the dds are against them, there is an average prbability that they are a genius since they are average percent genius. This is because genius and IQ are cmpsed f different mental cnstructs as IO measures a standard cmprehensin level , while creativity measures the way in which this cmprehensin is used, Fr example , if yur IQ is 180 , the percentage that yu are genius is subtracted by the amunt f creativity necessary t becme a genius. This is inductive f the influence that the brain has n awareness, The brain gains perceptive awareness upn "creating’ thughts in a cntinuus cyclic prcess, and if yu were very "intelligent”but culd nt generate thughts. yu culd nt be an intellectual being. Hwever ne wh is alive can never stp thinking, s the crrelatin f 1Q and genius wuld bjectively appear as a negative expnential functin.
There are few exceptinally creative peple ut there.just as there are few exceptinally intelligent peple, and ne des nt ccur with the ther. Pssessing a high level f intelligence is a platfrm f understanding fr the creative thinking skills t make up riginality. When ne bears infrmal thinking skills, they typically ccupy heightened intuitive awareness, and vivid imaginative qualities. Critical thinking skills allw ne t make sense f the resultant creative utput within its surrunding cntext f knwledge.
Hwever, nt all“geniuses”frm ur subjective intelligence range necessarily have high levels f creativity. One's level f intelligence can be s high that their platfrm f understanding generalizes ideas where a genius with lwer levels f intelligence must use creativity in rder t attain a srt f qualitative equivalence. Examples f peple like this thrughut histry include the likes f Jhn vn Neumann and Christpher Langan.
易错点二：议论文概要写作
秘籍1：议论文概要写作技巧
议论文（Argumentatin）：找出议论文的三要素，即论点、论据和结论。。因此，我们通常在首段或尾段，或者在各段的首句或尾句找论点。若文中有一分为二(即对立观点)的观点，两种观点都要概括，不要漏掉其中一方的观点。
秘籍2：议论文概要写作模板
议论文：意见/观点+论证（支持观点/理由）
秘籍3：议论文概要写作的语言微技巧
1. 要点获取。要点获取过程就是文本解读过程。对于结构比较清楚的段落，可以通过筛选、寻找主题句找到要点，这通常是指能够概括全文或段落的关键句子；对于主题句不明确的文章或段落，可以使用关键词来设计主题句的方法。
2. 要点转述。要求使用自己的语言来进行自主表述。可以从以下几个主要方面进行转述：（1）同义替换法，指用相同的单词、短语替代原文；（2）语态转换法，指把句子在主动与被动语态之间转化；（3）词性改变法，在写作时，可以尝试改变词性，如将动词改成名词，或把形容词改为名词等手段变化原文；（4）句子重构，概要写作语言要求“以简为贵”，只有掌握多种句式，如定语从句、非谓语动词等，写作时就能从容自若，就能化复杂句式为简单句或整合重组松散句子。
3. 要点衔接。 概要写作并不是简单的要点罗列与堆砌，因此，在获取要点和转述要点之后，应特别关注各要点之间内部联系和逻辑结构，用适当的衔接将要点进行连接，从而形成一篇结构紧凑的小小短文。写作中常见的衔接词如下：
1）对立关系
包括让步和转折关系，常见的标志词和短语：but, hwever, yet, n the cntrary, by cntrast, unfrtunately, althugh, even thugh, nevertheless, in spite f, regardless f, anyhw, instead f, rather than, nt…but等。
2）因果关系
常用的标志词和短语有：because, fr, since, as, thus, hence, therefre, s, s…that, such…that, in rder that, cnsequently, accrdingly, due t, thanks t, in respnse t, n accunt f, because f, cnsidering that, seeing that, in that, nw that, as a result, fr this reasn等。
3）并列关系
常用的标志词和短语有：and, r, neither…nr, either…r, nt nly…but als, likewise, similarly, equally, in the same way, that is t say, as well as, same…as等。
4）总分关系
常用的标志词和短语有：such as, fr example, fr instance, t illustrate, as an illustratin, t take an example, mre specifically等。
5）递进关系
常用的标志词和短语有：then, besides, additinally, in additin, furthermre, mrever, what is mre, what’s wrse, even wrse等。
(2020年1月上海卷高考真题)
Glbal Cperatin
In the 21st century, we’ve seen a new trend that is pushing the bundaries (边界) f human inventin and innvatin — glbal cperatin. Scientific and technical research and develpment is nw s cmplicated that n ne scientist can knw it all. S, increasingly, innvatin is cming frm the cmbining f cutting-edge expertise (专业知识) frm different scientific fields.
There are nw ver 8,000 scientific jurnals wrldwide and it is impssible t be an expert in all areas. Therefre, in this highly specialized wrld, scientists, medics and engineers have t cperate in rder t innvate. Prfessr Bb Langer at Massachusetts Institute f Technlgy (MIT) has made significant breakthrughs in the field f bimedical engineering. But he hasn’t dne it n his wn. He has invited experts frm arund the wrld in different fields t frm a glbal team t design new substances which can g inside the bdy, deliver medicines and then disslve.
Als at MIT, when Cesar Harada heard abut the il spill in the Gulf f Mexic in 2010, he quit his dream jb there and tried t develp a mre efficient way t remve the il. But rather than fcusing n prfit, he decided t ‘pen-surce’ the design. He shared his wn ideas n the web fr free and then gt experts frm all arund the wrld t cntribute ideas and even dnatins. Thanks t this free, nt-fr-prfit way f sharing ideas and intellectual prperty n the internet, a bat capable f cleaning il quickly came int being. Obviusly, internatinal cperatin based n sharing infrmatin freely has prduced innvative appraches t slving prblems.
It appears that the days f brilliant individuals wrking in their garages n their wn are ver. Glbal teams with a united purpse building n everyne’s expertise can cllectively d far mre than ne brilliant individual. Tday’s wrld calls fr glbal cperatrs, sharers, and nt prtectrs f ideas.
变式1：（2025届·上海向明中学·期中）
The psychlgy behind sprts fandm
We all knw there are sprts fans all arund the wrld. But what psychlgical prcesses drive them t supprt their favrite athletes r teams with such passin, even withut the pssibility f reward?
Psychlgists have lng been interested in this tpic. Their survey reveals that peple’s need fr a sense f belnging is met when cnnected t smething bigger than themselves. It taps int their need fr purpse. Withut this cnnectin, they may feel that what they d desn’t really matter. Sprts fandm tends t invlve a deep emtinal attachment, t. Fans may nt directly cntribute t the results f matches, but they feel each win and lss as their wn. As a result, they cntinue t put in their emtins, time, energy — and ften mney — t supprt their favrite stars r teams.
Sprts fans cnsider their devtin t be a rewarding investment. Fandm can serve as a frm f escape, allwing them t temprarily discnnect frm their daily stresses. It als raises self-esteem, as fans ften assciate themselves with successful teams and feel a sense f pride. In additin, being part f a sprts cmmunity can strengthen scial bnds. Fr example, fans tend t say “we,” “us” and “ur” t shw their attachment t their favrite team, especially when it perfrms well. This shared language fsters a sense f tgetherness and helps peple build friendships. This is mre imprtant than ever nwadays as ther bnds acrss sciety have weakened, such as music and pp culture.
Hwever, sprts fans shuld nt put t many eggs in the sprts basket. After all, being a fan is all abut chasing mments f pure jy that stay with yu fr a lng time, whereas the heavy emtinal investment can lead t feelings f anxiety r disappintment when a team r athlete perfrms badly. Fr sme peple, the attachment becmes s strng that it affects their nrmal lives. There have been extreme cases f peple skipping a child’s wedding fr a certain game!
变式2：（2025届·上海虹口区·一模）
Hw Green is the Paris Olympic Games?
The rganizers f the Paris Olympic Games have prmised t make the Games the mst sustainable in the decades since climate change became a cncern. But hw did it wrk?
On the plus side, rganizers have been serius in their effrts t educe carbn emissins. They measured the expected carbn ftprint f the Games, reduced emissins thrugh energy efficiencies and limited new cnstructin by using existing facilities.
But, the sustainability effrts in Paris have nt all been smth sailing. The Seine is scheduled t hst marathn swimming. But despite spending 1.4 billin eurs trying t clean the river, French authrities have achieved incnsistent results: Water tests in June still shwed high levels f pllutants.
The Paris rganizers had als hped t rely n a cling system that pump cld water beneath the village’s flrs. That technlgy was expected t reduce the carbn impact by 45 percent. Bur, eventually, they gave up their ambitin t avid using cnventinal air-cnditining in the Olympic Village, installing sme 2,500 temprary air-cnditining units.
Fr years, the rganizers all prmised the Games wuld be “climate psitive.” But, whatever effrts were taken, nne f them culd really achieve sustainability as lng as millins f turists flew int the hst city. Organizers f the Ri Olympics in 2016 estimated that mre than 40% f the carbn emissins came frm internatinal spectatrs. This year, with tickets available n a central platfrm glbally, the number f internatinal visitrs was beynd cntrl.
Fr all the effrts in Paris t reduce the carbn impact f the games, sme f which have been cnsiderable, the scale f future Games must be rethught. Jules Bykff, wh has written extensively abut the Olympic Games, rightly argues that “the Games need t reduce their size”. It wuldn’t slve everything, but it wuld make these events mre sustainable.
易错点三： 实验研究报告类写作技巧
秘籍1： 实验研究报告类写作技巧
一般来说，实验研究报告主要由以下几部分组成：
EQ \\ac(◇,●) 研究目的/背景
EQ \\ac(◇,●) 研究过程：（实施者，实验对象，采用方法，具体步骤）
EQ \\ac(◇,●) 研究结果：
EQ \\ac(◇,●) 研究意义/应用：
EQ \\ac(◇,●) 研究的不足/局限性：
秘籍2：实验研究报告类写作注意事项
①实验研究目的介绍，要简洁明了，它不但反映该项研究的核心问题，而且应能引起读者对报告的兴趣与注意，并注意采用读者感兴趣的措辞。
②研究方法的介绍，主要包括在研究对象的取样和选择，研究因素的实施与控制、资料的收集与处理、研究方法的介绍。如果涉及到一些专业性的概念语或者是说法，则应注意用词的准确性。
③研究结果的呈现是研究报告的实质部分。在研究报告中，既要重视定量分析，更要注重定性分析，要把定性与定量的分析综合起来，从量的变化当中揭示事物的本质属性。
④研究结果的讨论，有时候说明该研究的意义及运用；有时候或指出该研究的不足之处和局限性；或提出一些改进的研究的建议，或是提出一些个人的看法、想法和思考，以有待进一步研究等。
（2025届·上海杨浦区·月考）
Smart Paint t Heat r Cl
Scientists in the US have develped a special paint that ffers a simple and clrful way t prevent huses frm verheating. Nrmally, the exterir f a huse absrbs heat frm the sun, which raises the indr temperature. The new paint, hwever, is engineered t reflect the sun’s heat ff the utside f the huse, which means the interir desn’t heat up as much in the first place.
There are ther types f reflective paint, but the new ne is the first t fcus n mid-infrared light, which is a type f light that the human eye cannt see but that peple feel as warmth. The special paint wrks by reflecting up t 80% f the sun’s mid- infrared light. That’s 10 times mre than regular paint. The base layer f the paint cntains metal flakes that functin like a mirrr t reflect mid-infrared light. The tp layer cntains clr particles, which make the paint blue, green, range, purple, red, r yellw. The paint is waterprf and wrks well in different weather cnditins.
Nearly 90% f all US husehlds use air-cnditining, which requires a lt f electricity. In fact, cling residences accunts fr 6% f all electricity use in the US and csts Americans abut $29 Billin a year. Preventing hmes frm heating up as much will reduce the need fr air-cnditining t pump cl air int the building. In additin t cling a huse in ht summer mnths, the paint can als keep a hme warm in the winter. When it is used n the walls indrs, it reflects the mid-infrared light back int the rm, keeping the warmth in.
Accrding t the paint’s creatrs, using it can reduce the amunt f energy it takes t cl a huse by nearly 21%. In cld cnditins, it can cut the energy needed t warm a rm by 36%. All is gd news nt nly fr peple wh care abut the envirnment but als fr thse wrrying abut their electricity r heating bills.
变式： (2019年6月上海卷高考真题)
It's undeniable: Being amng the first t try ut a new piece f technlgy is cl. There's the excitement f ding what has never been dne befre—the feeling that yu're living in the future. And when yu're the sle member f yur scial circle with the latest ht gadget, peple stare in fascinatin. They ask yu questins. They see yu as the hlder f pwerful, secret knwledge—fr a little while, until the next big thing cmes alng. Peple tend t underestimate the csts f this temprary clness, which they pay in mre ways than ne. Dn't fall int the early adpter trap. Dn't jin the first wave f cnsumers wh invest in the latest media-hyped hardware; instead, wait and see.
T put it frankly, early adptin is a bad investment. First, the earliest versins f devices are nt nly expensive, they are als the mst expensive that thse devices will ever be. Cmpanies are presumably attempting t recver the cst f prductin as fast as they can, and they knw that there are serius tech-lvers wh will pay a great deal t be first. Once the revenues frm early adpters' purchases are safely in their hands, they can cut the price and shift t the next marketing phase: selling the prduct t everyne else. This is why the cst f the riginal iPhne drpped abut U. S. $200 nly eight mnths after its release. Plus, electrnics hardly ever becme mre expensive because intense cmpetitin in the industry puts dwnward pressure n prices ver time. Prices f gadgets will fall shrtly after release, and they will likely keep falling. Many new TV mdels drp significantly in price as little as ten days after hitting the market. Further, electrnics rapidly depreciate because they becme bslete (废弃的) s quickly. This means that early adpters pay the maximum price fr an item that des nt hld nt its value. The resale price f a cell phne r laptp can drp by fifty percent within just a few mnths.
Speaking f becming bslete, thse wh are first t leap int a new technlgy risk wasting mney and time n smething that will never catch n. Anther gd reasn t resist the early-adptin temptatin is that the first versin f a prduct typically has defects that cst a lt in time and frustratin. Such prblems are s cmmn with new technlgy that early adpters are basically unpaid beta testers and trubleshters. Unless this sunds t yu like a fun way t spend yur time, dn’t be amng the first users. If yu wait t learn what the prblems are with a new electrnic gadget, yu can lk frward t a smther experience—r chse a less trublesme prduct.

1．（2025届·上海长宁区·一模）
The rle f siblings(兄弟姐妹)
It’s cmmn knwledge that the family a child grws up in has a huge influence n the child’s attitudes, beliefs and mental health. Peple usually think that the child’s parents are respnsible fr this influence, but relatinships with brthers and sisters are just as imprtant. Siblings prvide children with a unique pprtunity t practice interacting with their peers, rather than authrity figures. Althugh friendships can have similar effects, relatinships with siblings ffer sme unique advantages.
During childhd, siblings see each ther every day and spend mre time with each ther than with anyne else, sharing experiences that last all their lives. Siblings are als frced t persevere in their relatinships with each ther even if they have a falling ut. This frces children t practice cnflict reslutin skills since they cannt leave the familial relatinship, as they culd with a friend. But a sibling relatinship als ffers a safe place t discuss difficult tpics withut fear f abandnment. Mrever, lder siblings ften teach their yunger brthers and sisters abut life. They can cnvey useful skills and advice, but they can als set bad examples, leading their yunger siblings t d things that are wrng r flish.
Once children grw up, they d nt see their siblings as ften as befre since they usually n lnger live tgether. Maintaining sibling relatinships nw takes wrk, and if siblings d nt get alng, they can avid each ther. But many sibling relatinships imprve in yung adulthd as the siblings mature. Smetimes the distance helps siblings enjy each ther’s cmpany when they d meet.
Relatinships between siblings vary depending n the ages and persnalities f the children invlved. Even the best sibling relatinships invlve sme disagreements, but a strng relatinship can survive such cnflicts. Cnsidering the rle f siblings thrughut ur lives, it’s critical t take the time t cultivate psitive relatinships with siblings.
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2．（2025届·上海静安区·一模）
Hard times uplift human scieties’ resilience(韧性)
The ld saying may be true: What desn’t kill yu makes yu strnger. At least that’s the case fr human civilizatins acrss 30,000 years f histry, accrding t a new study published in Nature. The study fund that, acrss the glbe, ancient human scieties that experienced serius setbacks were als quick t bunce back frm future dwnturns.
Histrians and archaelgists have published many case studies n individual scietal crises and human reactins, but it’s hard t cmpare these experiences frm different eras and places. This study pulled tgether data frm 16 separate sites arund the glbe, spanning frm Suth Africa t Canada, with data stretching back as far as 30,000 years ag.
T determine dwnturns and recveries, the researchers used a methd called dates-as-data. They drew infrmatin frm rganic materials dug frm the sites whse ages culd be tld based n the decay f carbn-14, a radiactive frm f carbn.
Thrugh the study f the materials, it was fund that farmers were mst pssible victims f disasters, since ne bad weather r a dry seasn culd mean immediate risk. And farmers, either ut f luck r because they had sme srt f technlgy, gt ver the crises. As a result, they passed dwn the experience and the aspect f culture that culd enable their descendants t d better next time. It explains why these agricultural grups perfrmed well in the future dwnturns and the agricultural scieties were always well psitined t recver frm disasters.
Whether mdern humans can pull directly frm these lessns is less certain. All f the scieties in the study were pre-industrial and might have little in cmmn with tday’s glbal rder. Hwever, the methd t cmpare scieties t lk fr patterns is imprtant fr mdern peple.
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3．（2025届·上海松江区·一模）
Is Regenerating Nature Only Charitable?
In the wrld f envirnmental cnservatin, many peple think nature regeneratin prjects are mainly abut charity, nt prfit. This idea has wrapped arund ur cmmn awareness, casting such effrts as nble but financially unreliable pursuits. Hwever, is this assumptin accurate? With a mix f passin, strategy and innvatin, Khry Hancck, an envirnmental scientist and businessman, is demnstrating that nature regeneratin can indeed be prfitable.
Accrding t Hancck, ne way t make mney is thrugh carbn credits. These credits are like tickets that rganizatins can buy r sell. When they invest in restring ecsystems, they earn credits that can be traded fr mney. This gives cnservatin a real purpse t help nature and at the same time brings financial rewards. Beynd direct financial returns, it als helps enhance businesses’ public image. In a wrld where infrmatin travels rapidly and pinins are frmed swiftly, having a gd public image is withut dubt a strategic necessity. The benefits are far-reaching, frm building trust and credibility t attracting pprtunities and encuraging better relatinships, all helping businesses make prfits in the lng run.
Hancck adds that the fields f prfitability d nt end there. By regenerating farming lands, farmers can use the pwer f carbn stred as sil rganic matter, which has a great effect n almst all sil prperties - making the sil mre prductive. Hancck has als prved that the regenerating practices reduce the gradual destructin f sil and imprves sil structure, making the land mre adaptable t weather extremes, such as flds and drughts, and cnsequently increases prductivity.
Such prjects reveal the hidden values that lie within envirnmental restratin. If mre investrs increase the scale f these prjects, bring financial benefits t bth businesses and farming, and in the end, the planet, we can benefit frm a sustainable wrld.
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4．（2025届·上海上外附中·期中）
Des Mther Nature Knw Best?
Clning - using genetic engineering t make exact cpies f living plants and animals - has been in science fictin fr years. Since 1997, with the clning f a sheep, Dlly, it has becme part f real life and the subject f public debate.
Fr sme peple, human clning is acceptable in medicine despite the criticism that it is unnatural. Fr example human tissue can be clned fr use in rgan replacement r gene therapy. Als, rgans culd be prvided by human clnes. When a child is suffering frm a fatal disease and needs an rgan dnr, its parents culd have a yunger clned brther r sister-effectively an identical twin. This wuld prvide 100% dnr cmpatibility while an rgan dnated frm anther brther r sister wuld nly stand a 25% chance f being successful. Mrever, cuples wh can’t have children may wish t clne a child frm themselves. Finally, endangered animals culd be clned t increase their numbers.
Hwever, there are many arguments against clning. Althugh many peple saw the clning f Dlly as a majr breakthrugh, it is just anther step twards’ playing with nature’. Firstly, in spite f what they say, scientists have n idea f the lng-term effect f genetic engineering. Mre and mre genetically altered plants are being prduced, and clned farm animals are next. On the ther hand, creating “perfect” plants and animals culd eliminate the great variety f species n ur planet. Furthermre, sme scientists say we culd transplant rgans frm clned animals int humans, even thugh the risks t health are enrmus.
All things cnsidered, I am against clning. It is clear that we need t regulate genetic engineering and stp experiments nw, befre it is t late!
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5．（2025届·上海延安中学·期中）
Ways f parenting
It is evident that in bringing up children, every parent watches eagerly the child’s acquisitin f each new skill — the first spken wrds, the first independent steps, r the beginning f reading and writing. It is cmmn t see parents hurry the child beynd his natural learning rate, but this can set up dangerus feelings f failure and states f wrry in the child. This might happen at any stage. A baby might be frced t use a tilet t early, a yung child might be encuraged t learn t read befre he knws the meaning f the wrds he reads. On the ther hand, thugh, when a child is left alne t much, r withut any learning pprtunities, he lses his natural enthusiasm fr life and his desire t find ut new things fr himself.
Parenting practices ften stem frm the persnal needs and pririties f parents, as they aim t align their children’s upbringing with their wn gals and expectatins. At the same time, external influences subtly shape these appraches, with cmmunity values and scietal nrms playing an underlying rle in guiding decisins abut child-rearing. These intercnnected factrs tgether influence hw parents manage their children’s grwth and behavir.
As regards the develpment f mral standards in the grwing child, cnsistency is very imprtant in parental teaching. T frbid a thing ne day and excuse it the next is n fundatin fr mrality. Als parents shuld realize that “example is better than precept (戒律，准则)”. If they are nt sincere and d nt practice what they preach (说教), their children may grw cnfused and emtinally insecure when they grw ld enugh t think fr themselves, and realize they have been t sme extent fled. A sudden awareness f a marked difference between their parents’ principles and their mrals can be a dangerus disappintment.
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6．（2025届·上海徐汇区·一模）
Why we hate phne calls
Suddenly a sund rings ut, stpping yu in yur tracks. Panicking, yu search fr where it culd be cming frm. It’s yur phne, and if yu’ re like a quarter f 18 t 30-year-lds in a recent British study, yu prbably wn’t answer it. The same study fund that 70% f the peple in this age grup prefer text messages t phne calls. Why d s many yung peple hate phne calls?
While previus generatins grew up using landlines t talk t their friends, smartphne-equipped yunger peple have grwn up used t using text messages fr scial cnversatins. There’s less pressure with texting. Yu can read and respnd t messages n yur wn schedule, and yu can take time t think abut what yu want t say rather than being put n the spt during a phne call. Besides, when yu can craft a reply free f interruptin, yu have greater cntrl ver yur cntributins t a cnversatin. Cmmunicatin like phne calls can lead peple t feel a lss f cntrl and the crrespnding anxiety. Many yung peple reprt assciating phne calls, particularly thse withut prir warning, with bad news.
This means that new scial cdes are being established. Many peple will nw text smene t see if they’re available t take a phne call. If smene desn’t feel able t sum smething up in a few shrt messages, they might leave a lng vice nte.
But this desn’t mean that anxiety arund cmmunicatin has been stpped. Evidence suggests that texting can als cause anxiety. Many times, texting anxiety cmes frm frustratin, fear, and wrry ver the reactins f ther peple. Fr instance, a shrt respnse t yur lng message might be interpreted as a cld shrug and many peple reprt tensins frm being “left n read”— when yu knw smene has read yur message, but they dn’t, r wn’t, reply.
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7．（2025届·上海金山区·月考）
Find Yur New Favurite Hbby
“Challenging, fun and engaging hbbies have the pwer t make us happier and healthier,” says Kate Hanselman with a laugh, and that’s why her hme is a grand hbby exhibitin — fencing equipment, multiple pairs f rck-climbing shes, yarn everywhere fr knitting… Research has prved that hbbies help peple in creative, physical, and intellectual ways. The nly questins is: hw can we find ur new favrite hbby?
Matthew J. Zawazki, a prfessr f health psychlgy advises that we ask urselves hw we want an activity t make us feel. “Mentally engaged? Distracted? Relaxed? Scially cnnected? It’s helpful t cnsider what yur life is missing and recgnizing these needs matters,” says Matthew. Hbbies present an escape as they help us calm dwn, s figuring ut the answers t the abve questins can be vital.
Rebecca Weiler, a mental health adviser warns us nt t invest a tn f time and mney in a new hbby immediately. “Always ease in t figure ut if it’s right fr yu,” she says, “Yu can always d mre later.” S, if yu’re taking an interest in pttery, sign up t d a ne-time class rather than a set f eight. Besides, she adds that it’s smart t resist the pressure t vercmmit. “Yu spend enugh f yur day pushing yurself, but hbbies are suppsed t be fun. S yu can stp anytime as lng as yu dn’t like a certain part in yur hbby.”
Katina Bajaj, a clinic psychlgy researcher, wants t remind us f ur childhd. “When yu were a kid, what did yu want t be when yu grew up? The answer culd pint yu twards an appealing hbby,” accrding t Katina. Revisiting activities we lved when yung is really helpful t start with because it allws yu t feel cmfrtable. Childhd jys can easily develp int adult hbbies.
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8.（2025届·上海松间高级中学·期中）
Here’s Why Planning a Trip Can Help Yur Mental Health
There’s sme gd news fr glbe-trtters (环球旅行者): Accrding t researchers, lking ahead t yur next adventure culd benefit yur mental health, even if yu’re nt sure when that adventure will be.
Sme psychlgists believe in the mental benefits f vacatining smewhere new. Fr example, travel can enhance empathy, attentin, energy, and fcus. Other research suggests that the act f adapting t freign cultures may als facilitate creativity. But what abut the act f planning a trip? Can we get a mental health bst frm travel befre we even leave hme?
Planning and anticipating a trip can be almst as enjyable as ging n the trip itself, and there’s research t back it up. A 2014 Crnell University study delved (探索、探究) int hw the anticipatin f an experience (like a trip) can increase a persn’s happiness substantially — much mre s than the anticipatin f buying material gds. An earlier study, published by the University f Surrey in 2002, fund that peple are at their happiest when they have a vacatin planned.
Matthew Killingswrth, nw a senir fellw at the Whartn Schl at the University f Pennsylvania, says trip-planning encurages an ptimistic utlk. “As humans, we spend a lt f ur mental lives living in the future,” says Killingswrth, whse wrk centers n understanding the nature and causes f human happiness. “Our future-mindedness can be a surce f jy if we knw gd things are cming, and travel is an especially gd thing t have t lk frward t.”
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9.（2025届·上海闵行区实验高级中学·期中）
Let the Yuth Speak Up
The Glbal Yuth Empwerment Fundatin (GYEF) is a leading rganizatin that helps yung peple share their ideas and slutins fr a better wrld. This grup is especially imprtant tday, as it helps yung peple get invlved in making changes in areas like the ecnmy, sciety, and the envirnment. Their main prject, “Vices f Tmrrw,” invites yung peple frm different places t cme up with creative ways t slve big glbal issues.
Fr example, Anna Dbrenkv frm Russia suggested creating a digital link between cuntries t share new ideas and business pprtunities. This idea came frm seeing hw technlgy can bring peple and cuntries clser tgether. The “Vices f Tmrrw” effrt is part f a bigger prject called the Glbal Develpment Exchange (GDX), which aims t meet sustainable develpment gals. It has inspired yung peple frm mre than 60 cuntries t prpse ideas fr things like envirnmental technlgy and better healthcare.
Yu Yunquan, a leader in wrld studies, stressed the value f yung peple taking part in wrld decisin-making, encuraging them t share their fresh thughts and creativity. Damaris Carls frm Peru made an impactful prpsal based n her cmmunity’s health challenges, emphasizing the need fr cuntries t wrk tgether mre clsely in health matters.
The campaign als fcuses n reducing the digital gap, pushing fr platfrms that allw yung peple t fight fr change and share their stries. Recently, they talked abut creating a clud-based healthcare system t help cuntries share medical resurces, shwing GYEF’s belief in wrking tgether fr better grwth and supprt.
In shrt, GYEF and “Vices f Tmrrw” shw hw yung peple’s enthusiasm and new ideas can lead t a wrld that’s mre fair and sustainable. This initiative keeps inspiring future leaders t imagine a wrld where prgress and equality are real.
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10.（2025届·上海奉贤区·一模）
The Significance f Cattle in Maasai Sciety
Cattle are the traditinal partners f the Maasai peple f East Africa. The traditinal Maasai diet is heavily centered arund cattle prducts. Milk is a fundamental cmpnent f the Maasai diet, cnsumed daily and in varius frms. Fresh milk, knwn as “enkirwua”, is ften drunk straight r mixed with herbs fr added flavr and medicinal benefits. Prcessed milk, r “mkre”, is a ppular variatin, prviding rich surce f nutritin. Cattle’s meat is anther imprtant part f the Maasai diet, cnsumed during special ccasins and ceremnies. Every part f the animal is used, reflecting the Maasai’s resurcefulness and respect fr their livestck. It represents strength and the cmmunity’s cllective wealth.
Cattle hld significant value in Maasai scial life. An individual’s scial status is heavily influenced by cattle wnership. The number f cattle ne pssesses dírectly relates with his standing in the cmmunity. This is particularly evident during traditinal ceremnies, such as weddings, where the exchange f cattle as gifts signifies the strng bnd between families and a shared cmmitment t the future. Families there share respnsibilities in cattle care and their cllective management prmtes unity and teamwrk. Fr example, the prcess f milking is a shared activity, invlving bth men and wmen and strengthening scial bnds. It is especially vital during challenging times, such as drughts r ther hardships when the well-being f the cattle is crucial.
Cattle als play a big rle in Maasai rituals and ceremnies, accmpanying individuals frm birth t death. Fr example, the sacrifice f a cw during naming ceremnies r funerals nt nly celebrates the ccasin but als strengthens the cmmunity’s spiritual cnnectin with their livestck. These rituals highlight the spiritual imprtance f cattle, seen as a link between the physical and spiritual wrlds, thus firmly establishing their central rle in Maasai culture.
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11．（2025届·上海黄浦区·一模）
Hw t Make a Gd Vide Resumé (简历)?
Vide resumés have been arund fr a lng time. With a well-made vide resumé, yu can present yurself creatively and allw a hiring manager t assess yur persnality, thus giving yu an pprtunity fr interview. But hw t make a gd vide resumé?
First, start by intrducing yurself and addressing the cmpany yu are applying t. Fr example, “Hell InVide, I’m Jhn De”. Nt nly des this get their attentin but it makes them feel priritized. The next thing is t address what prfessin yu’re in r desire t be in. If yu’re a filmmaker, yu can simply state that r be creative with wrds and say yu’re a visual stryteller.
Then, talk abut yur passin fr what yu d and supprt it by referring t yur past experiences and wrk. Fr example, building n the filmmaker’s intrductin, yu culd talk abut hw meeting peple frm arund the wrld and sharing their stries deeply mtivates yu, and then yu can share an experience that supprts it. Yu can als fcus n life experiences that have led yu t cultivate skills-like taking a year ff t travel abrad, vlunteering at a shelter, r a hbby that yu actively pursue. Yu can als speak abut yur special achievements and awards that will add value t yur prfile r yu can get smene t speak n behalf f yu as scial prf.
At the end f the vide, leave the ball in their curt. Hwever, yu als need t give them a reasn t call yu fr an interview. Fr example, yu culd end the vide with this — “I have a lt mre t me than I culd fit in this shrt vide and I hpe yu give me a chance t tell yu abut it ver an interview”.
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12．（2025届·上海嘉定区·一模）
Challenging Unrealistic Beauty Standards
In many cultures, bdy size has ften been linked t success and happiness. Fr example, phrases like “yu’ve fattened up” used t suggest smene was living well. Hwever, mdern times have shifted these ideas, especially with the rise f scial media. Tday, yung peple ften feel pressured t fllw narrw beauty standards, which favr slim figures, pale skin, and specific features. These ideals are everywhere nline, making it hard fr individuals t feel cnfident abut their natural bdies.
One cncerning trend is the rise f “skinny enugh” challenges n scial media. These challenges include activities like wrapping arms arund ne’s waist, fitting knees behind an iPhne, r checking if their waistline is as thin as a piece f paper. Many yung wmen participate in these trends t feel validated, but this ften leads t harmful dieting and pr mental health. Additinally, the influence f pp culture, especially K-pp and Japanese media, adds t the prblem by glrifying ultra-thin bdy types as the ideal.
Frtunately, sme influencers are wrking t challenge these harmful ideals. On a scial media website, bdy-psitive influencer Theresa uses her platfrm t encurage cnfidence and self-acceptance. She penly shares her wn experiences f vercming scietal pressures, helping thers see that beauty isn’t abut meeting impssible standards. Similarly, Scarlett Ha, anther influencer, prmtes bdy diversity and inspires girls t accept their natural shapes. Her jurney shws hw cnfidence and self-lve can break dwn steretypes (刻板印象) abut beauty.
Althugh scial media cntinues t spread unrealistic images, influencers like Theresa and Scarlett are making an impact. They remind thers that beauty cmes in many frms and that self-wrth isn’t defined by size r weight. As mre peple embrace these messages, sciety can shift tward a healthier and mre psitive understanding f bdy image. As the saying ges, “Lve yur bdy — it’s the nly ne yu’ve gt.”
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概率预测
☆☆☆☆☆
题型预测
以议论文、说明文为主。
考向预测
热点话题趋势
科技伦理：结合AI发展，可能涉及算法偏见、隐私保护等争议性议题。
文化融合：聚焦非遗数字化、跨国文化交流（如“一带一路”中的语言服务需求）。
生态议题：延续“全球合作”主题，或引入碳中和、生物多样性等热点。
☆☆☆☆